DOCSLIB.ORG

Anatomy of the Parotid Gland Location Overlying the Mandibular Ramus; Anterior and Inferior to the Ear

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anatomy of the Parotid Gland Location Overlying the Mandibular Ramus; Anterior and Inferior to the Ear 1. A 19 year old female is admitted with suspected meningitis. The House Officer is due to perform a lumbar puncture. What is the most likely structure first encountered when the needle is inserted? A. Ligamentum flavum B. Denticulate ligament C. Dural sheath D. Pia Mater E. Supraspinous ligament Theme from September 2012 exam Lumbar puncture Lumbar punctures are performed to obtain cerebrospinal fluid. In adults, the procedure is best performed at the level of L3/L4 or L4/5 interspace. These regions are below the termination of the spinal cord at L1. During the procedure the needle passes through: • The supraspinous ligament which connects the tips of spinous processes and the interspinous ligaments between adjacent borders of spinous processes • Then the needle passes through the ligamentum flavum, which may cause a give as it is penetrated • A second give represents penetration of the needle through the dura mater into the subarachnoid space. Clear CSF should be obtained at this point 2. A 34 year old male is being examined in the pre-operative assessment clinic. A murmur is identified in the 5th intercostal space just next to the left side of the sternum. From where is it most likely to have originated? A. Mitral valve B. Aortic valve C. Pulmonary valve D. Right ventricular aneurysm E. Tricuspid valve Theme from September 2012 Exam • Heart sounds Sites of auscultation Valve Site Pulmonary valve Left second intercostal space, at the upper sternal border Aortic valve Right second intercostal space, at the upper sternal border Mitral valve Left fifth intercostal space, just medial to mid clavicular line Tricuspid valve Left fifth intercostal space, at the lower left sternal border The diagram below demonstrates where the various cardiac valves are best heard. 3. What is the correct embryological origin of the stapes? A. First pharyngeal arch B. Second pharyngeal arch C. Third pharyngeal arch D. Fourth pharyngeal arch E. Fifth pharyngeal arch Embryological origin stapes = 2nd pharyngeal arch Theme from April 2012 Exam The dorsal ends of the cartilages of the first and second pharyngeal arches articulate superior to the tubotympanic recess. These cartilages form the malleus incus and stapes. At least part of the malleus is formed from the first arch and the stapes from the second arch. The incus is most likely to arise from the first arch. Pharyngeal arches These develop during the fourth week of embryonic growth from a series of mesodermal outpouchings of the developing pharynx. They develop and fuse in the ventral midline. Pharyngeal pouches form on the endodermal side between the arches. There are 6 pharyngeal arches, the fifth does not contribute any useful structures and often fuses with the sixth arch. Pharyngeal arches Pharyngeal Muscular Skeletal Endocrine Artery Nerve arch contributions contributions First Muscles of Maxilla n/a Maxillary Mandibular mastication Meckels External Anterior belly of cartilage carotid digastric Incus Mylohyoid Malleus Tensor tympanic Tensor veli palatini Second Buccinator Stapes n/a Inferior Facial Platysma Styloid branch of Muscles of facial process superior expression Lesser corn thyroid artery Stylohyoid and upper Stapedial Posterior belly of body of hyoid artery digastric Stapedius Third Stylopharyngeus Greater horn Thymus Common and Glossopharyngeal and lower part Inferior internal of hyoid parathyroids carotid Fourth Cricothyroid Thyroid and Superior Right- Vagus All intrinsic epiglottic parathyroids subclavian muscles of the cartilages artery, Left- soft palate aortic arch Sixth All intrinsic Cricoid, n/a Right - Vagus and muscles of the arytenoid and Pulmonary recurrent larynx (except corniculate artery, Left- laryngeal nerve cricothyroid) cartilages Pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus 4. Which muscle initiates abduction of the shoulder? A. Infraspinatus B. Latissimus dorsi C. Supraspinatus D. Deltoid E. Teres major Theme from September 2012 exam The intermediate portion of the deltoid muscle is the chief abductor of the humerus. However, it can only do this after the movement has been initiated by supraspinatus. Damage to the tendon of supraspinatus is a common form of rotator cuff disease. Shoulder joint • Shallow synovial ball and socket type of joint. • It is an inherently unstable joint, but is capable to a wide range of movement. • Stability is provided by muscles of the rotator cuff that pass from the scapula to insert in the greater tuberosity (all except sub scapularis-lesser tuberosity). Glenoid labrum • Fibrocartilaginous rim attached to the free edge of the glenoid cavity • Tendon of the long head of biceps arises from within the joint from the supraglenoid tubercle, and is fused at this point to the labrum. • The long head of triceps attaches to the infraglenoid tubercle Fibrous capsule • Attaches to the scapula external to the glenoid labrum and to the labrum itself (postero-superiorly) • Attaches to the humerus at the level of the anatomical neck superiorly and the surgical neck inferiorly • Anteriorly the capsule is in contact with the tendon of subscapularis, superiorly with the supraspinatus tendon, and posteriorly with the tendons of infraspinatus and teres minor. All these blend with the capsule towards their insertion. • Two defects in the fibrous capsule; superiorly for the tendon of biceps. Anteriorly there is a defect beneath the subscapularis tendon. • The inferior extension of the capsule is closely related to the axillary nerve at the surgical neck and this nerve is at risk in anteroinferior dislocations. It also means that proximally sited osteomyelitis may progress to septic arthritis. Movements and muscles Flexion Anterior part of deltoid Pectoralis major Biceps Coracobrachialis Extension Posterior deltoid Teres major Latissimus dorsi Adduction Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Teres major Coracobrachialis Abduction Mid deltoid Supraspinatus Medial rotation Subscapularis Anterior deltoid Teres major Latissimus dorsi Lateral rotation Posterior deltoid Infraspinatus Teres minor Important anatomical relations Anteriorly Brachial plexus Axillary artery and vein Posterior Suprascapular nerve Suprascapular vessels Inferior Axillary nerve Circumflex humeral vessels 5. What is the most important structure involved in supporting the uterus? A. Round ligament B. Broad ligament C. Uterosacral ligaments D. Cardinal ligaments E. Central perineal tendon Theme from September 2012 Exam The central perineal tendon provides the main structural support to the uterus. Damage to this structure is commonly associated with the development of pelvic organ prolapse, even when other structures are intact. Uterus The non pregnant uterus resides entirely within the pelvis. The peritoneum invests the uterus and the structure is contained within the peritoneal cavity. The blood supply to the uterine body is via the uterine artery (branch of the internal iliac). The uterine artery passes from the inferior aspect of the uterus (lateral to the cervix) and runs alongside the uterus. It frequently anastomoses with the ovarian artery superiorly. Inferolaterally the ureter is a close relation and ureteric injuries are a recognised complication when pathology brings these structures into close proximity. The supports of the uterus include the central perineal tendon (the most important). The lateral cervical, round and uterosacral ligaments are condensations of the endopelvic fascia and provide additional structural support. Topography of the uterus 6. A 22 year old man suffers a compound fracture of the tibia. During attempted surgical repair the deep peroneal nerve is divided. Which of the following muscles will not be affected as a result? A. Tibialis anterior B. Peroneus longus C. Extensor hallucis longus D. Extensor digitorum longus E. Peroneus tertius Peroneus longus is innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1). Image sourced from Wikipedia Deep peroneal nerve Origin From the common peroneal nerve, at the lateral aspect of the fibula, deep to peroneus longus Nerve root values L4, L5, S1, S2 Course and relation • Pierces the anterior intermuscular septum to enter the anterior compartment of the lower leg • Passes anteriorly down to the ankle joint, midway between the two malleoli Terminates In the dorsum of the foot Muscles innervated • Tibialis anterior • Extensor hallucis longus • Extensor digitorum longus • Peroneus tertius • Extensor digitorum brevis Cutaneous Web space of the first and second toes innervation Actions • Dorsiflexion of ankle joint • Extension of all toes (extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus) • Eversion of the foot After its bifurcation past the ankle joint, the lateral branch of the deep peroneal nerve innervates the extensor digitorum brevis and the extensor hallucis brevis The medial branch supplies the web space between the first and second digits. 7. A 56 year old man is undergoing a superficial parotidectomy for a pleomorphic adenoma. During the dissection of the parotid, which of the following structures will be encountered lying most superficially? A. Facial nerve B. External carotid artery C. Occipital artery D. Maxillary artery E. Retromandibular vein Most superficial structure on the parotid gland = facial nerve The facial nerve is the most superficial structure in the parotid gland. Slightly deeper to this lies the retromandibular vein, with the arterial layer lying most deeply. Parotid gland Anatomy of the parotid gland Location Overlying the mandibular ramus; anterior and inferior to the ear. Salivary duct
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DEPARTMENT of ANATOMY IGMC SHIMLA Competency Based Under
    DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY IGMC SHIMLA Competency Based Under Graduate Curriculum - 2019 Number COMPETENCY Objective The student should be able to At the end of the session student should know AN1.1 Demonstrate normal anatomical position, various a) Define and demonstrate various positions and planes planes, relation, comparison, laterality & b) Anatomical terms used for lower trunk, limbs, joint movement in our body movements, bony features, blood vessels, nerves, fascia, muscles and clinical anatomy AN1.2 Describe composition of bone and bone marrow a) Various classifications of bones b) Structure of bone AN2.1 Describe parts, blood and nerve supply of a long bone a) Parts of young bone b) Types of epiphysis c) Blood supply of bone d) Nerve supply of bone AN2.2 Enumerate laws of ossification a) Development and ossification of bones with laws of ossification b) Medico legal and anthropological aspects of bones AN2.3 Enumerate special features of a sesamoid bone a) Enumerate various sesamoid bones with their features and functions AN2.4 Describe various types of cartilage with its structure & a) Differences between bones and cartilage distribution in body b) Characteristics features of cartilage c) Types of cartilage and their distribution in body AN2.5 Describe various joints with subtypes and examples a) Various classification of joints b) Features and different types of fibrous joints with examples c) Features of primary and secondary cartilaginous joints d) Different types of synovial joints e) Structure and function of typical synovial
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Anatomy
    BODY ORIENTATION OUTLINE 13.1 A Regional Approach to Surface Anatomy 398 13.2 Head Region 398 13.2a Cranium 399 13 13.2b Face 399 13.3 Neck Region 399 13.4 Trunk Region 401 13.4a Thorax 401 Surface 13.4b Abdominopelvic Region 403 13.4c Back 404 13.5 Shoulder and Upper Limb Region 405 13.5a Shoulder 405 Anatomy 13.5b Axilla 405 13.5c Arm 405 13.5d Forearm 406 13.5e Hand 406 13.6 Lower Limb Region 408 13.6a Gluteal Region 408 13.6b Thigh 408 13.6c Leg 409 13.6d Foot 411 MODULE 1: BODY ORIENTATION mck78097_ch13_397-414.indd 397 2/14/11 3:28 PM 398 Chapter Thirteen Surface Anatomy magine this scenario: An unconscious patient has been brought Health-care professionals rely on four techniques when I to the emergency room. Although the patient cannot tell the ER examining surface anatomy. Using visual inspection, they directly physician what is wrong or “where it hurts,” the doctor can assess observe the structure and markings of surface features. Through some of the injuries by observing surface anatomy, including: palpation (pal-pā sh ́ ŭ n) (feeling with firm pressure or perceiving by the sense of touch), they precisely locate and identify anatomic ■ Locating pulse points to determine the patient’s heart rate and features under the skin. Using percussion (per-kush ̆ ́ŭn), they tap pulse strength firmly on specific body sites to detect resonating vibrations. And ■ Palpating the bones under the skin to determine if a via auscultation (aws-ku ̆l-tā sh ́ un), ̆ they listen to sounds emitted fracture has occurred from organs.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy Module 3. Muscles. Materials for Colloquium Preparation
    Section 3. Muscles 1 Trapezius muscle functions (m. trapezius): brings the scapula to the vertebral column when the scapulae are stable extends the neck, which is the motion of bending the neck straight back work as auxiliary respiratory muscles extends lumbar spine when unilateral contraction - slightly rotates face in the opposite direction 2 Functions of the latissimus dorsi muscle (m. latissimus dorsi): flexes the shoulder extends the shoulder rotates the shoulder inwards (internal rotation) adducts the arm to the body pulls up the body to the arms 3 Levator scapula functions (m. levator scapulae): takes part in breathing when the spine is fixed, levator scapulae elevates the scapula and rotates its inferior angle medially when the shoulder is fixed, levator scapula flexes to the same side the cervical spine rotates the arm inwards rotates the arm outward 4 Minor and major rhomboid muscles function: (mm. rhomboidei major et minor) take part in breathing retract the scapula, pulling it towards the vertebral column, while moving it upward bend the head to the same side as the acting muscle tilt the head in the opposite direction adducts the arm 5 Serratus posterior superior muscle function (m. serratus posterior superior): brings the ribs closer to the scapula lift the arm depresses the arm tilts the spine column to its' side elevates ribs 6 Serratus posterior inferior muscle function (m. serratus posterior inferior): elevates the ribs depresses the ribs lift the shoulder depresses the shoulder tilts the spine column to its' side 7 Latissimus dorsi muscle functions (m. latissimus dorsi): depresses lifted arm takes part in breathing (auxiliary respiratory muscle) flexes the shoulder rotates the arm outward rotates the arm inwards 8 Sources of muscle development are: sclerotome dermatome truncal myotomes gill arches mesenchyme cephalic myotomes 9 Muscle work can be: addacting overcoming ceding restraining deflecting 10 Intrinsic back muscles (autochthonous) are: minor and major rhomboid muscles (mm.
    [Show full text]
  • Appleton & Lange Review of Anatomy
    0523-00 FM 07/15/02 15:30 Page i Sixth edition APPLETON & LANGE REVIEW OF ANATOMY Royce Lee Montgomery, PhD Professor Department of Cell and Developmental Biology School of Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina Kurt Ogden Gilliland, PhD Department of Cell and Developmental Biology School of Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina Appleton & Lange Reviews/McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto 0523-00 FM 07/15/02 15:30 Page ii Appleton & Lange Review of Anatomy, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Previous editions copyright © 1995, 1989, by Appleton & Lange; copyright © 1982, 1978, 1974, by Arco Publishing, Inc. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 VNH VNH 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN: 0-07-137727-1 Notice Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the stan- dards accepted at the time of publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Level VI Lymph Nodes: an Anatomic Study of Lymph Nodes Located Between the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and the Right Common Carotid Artery
    DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20181972 Artigo Original Linfonodos do nível VI: estudo anatômico dos linfonodos localizados entre o nervo laríngeo recorrente e a artéria carótida comum direita. Level VI lymph nodes: an anatomic study of lymph nodes located between the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the right common carotid artery. SAMIR OMAR SALEH1; FLÁVIO CARNEIRO HOJAIJ1; ANA MARIA ITEZEROTI1; CRISTINA PIRES CAMARGO1; KASSEM SAMIR SALEH2; MAURO FIGUEIREDO CARVALHO DE ANDRADE1; FLÁVIA EMI AKAMATSU1; ALFREDO LUIZ JACOMO1 RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a presença de linfonodos e suas relações com características demográficas e antropométricas em uma região específica ainda não descrita pelos compêndios de anatomia, por nós denominada de Recesso Carotídeo Recorrencial (RCR), localizada entre o nervo laríngeo recorrente direito, a artéria carótida comum direita e a artéria tireoidea inferior direita. Métodos: foram dissecadas 32 regiões cervicais à direita de cadáveres com até 24 horas de post mortem. O tecido fibrogorduroso do RCR foi ressecado e preparado com fixação em formol. Em seguida, foi submetido a uma sequência crescente de álcoois (70%, 80% e 90%), posteriormente a uma solução de Xilol e, por fim, a uma solução de Salicilato de Metila, respeitando o tempo necessário de cada etapa. O estudo macroscópico foi realizado na peça diafanizada, observando a presença ou não de linfonodos. Quando presentes, foram fotografados e suas medidas foram aferidas com um paquímetro digital. No estudo microscópico, foi utilizada a coloração hematoxilina-eosina para confirmação do linfonodo. Resultados: observou-se a presença de linfonodos em 22 dos 32 espécimes (68,75%), com o número de linfonodos por cadáver variando de zero a seis (média de 1,56±0,29) e tamanho com média de 7,82mmx3,86mm (diâmetros longitudinal x transversal).
    [Show full text]
  • A Mnemonic for Neck Triangles
    iology: C s ur hy re P n t & R y e s m e o Anatomy and Physiology: Current a t r a c n h A ISSN: 2161-0940 Research Original Article A Mnemonic for Neck Triangles Abdulrauf Badr MI* Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ABSTRACT Anatomical Neck Triangles are imaginary to some extent. Their significance to many surgical specialties is invaluable. Among all basic Medical sciences subjects, Anatomy is most prone to be forgotten. None of the other subjects has the amount of mnemonics described or invented compared to it. Junior years students of Medical schools need to memorize anatomy with no or very little knowledge of its clinical applications. Relatively speaking, that can be quite cumbersome for them compared to those who are already involved in surgical residency training program, when anatomy knowledge is concerned. Surgeons who specialize or exclusively work in a selected anatomic region, they become experts and famous in their field and in that particular operation, mostly because they subconsciously become oriented to that region’s anatomy. However, those who work on various anatomical areas, frequently need to refresh their anatomy knowledge. Mnemonics, therefore are helpful for various level medical professionals. The Neck represents a relatively limited transition zone or passage of various tissue structures besides great vessels and nerves between Head, Chest and Upper extremities, very much like a three-way connector. Unless the concept of Neck triangles was there, it would have been very difficult to discuss or communicate about neck related procedures.
    [Show full text]
  • Carotid Triangle
    • The submandibular triangle (or submaxillary or digastric triangle) corresponds to the region of the neck immediately beneath the body of the mandible Boundaries and coverings • It is bounded: • above, by the lower border of the body of the mandible, and a line drawn from its angle to the mastoid process; • below, by the posterior belly of the Digastricus; in front, by the anterior belly of the Digastricus. • It is covered by the integument, superficial fascia, Platysma, and deep fascia, ramifying in which are branches of the facial nerve and ascending filaments of the cutaneous cervical nerve. • Its floor is formed by the Mylohyoideus anteriorly, and by the hyoglossus posteriorl revision Submandibular Triangle • The submandibular triangle is located underneath the body of the mandible. It contains the submandibular gland (salivary), and lymph nodes. The facial artery and vein also pass through this area. • The boundaries of the submandibular triangle are: • Superiorly – body of the mandible. • Anteriorly – anterior belly of the digastric muscle. • Posteriorly – posterior belly of the digastric muscle • Boundaries • anteroinferiorly: anterior belly of digastric • posteroinferiorly: posterior belly of digastric • base: mandible • floor: mylohyoid, hyoglossus and middle pharyngeal constrictor • roof: skin, superficial fascia, platysma and deep fascia • Contents • anterior part of the triangle contains the submandibular gland • posterior part of the triangle contains the lower part of the parotid gland • facial artery is deep to the submandibular
    [Show full text]
  • Anterior Cervical Triangle the Anterior Triangle of the Neck Is Bounded By
    Anterior Cervical Triangle The anterior triangle of the neck is bounded by 1. the anterior border of the SCM 2. the anterior midline of the neck. 3. the mandible. 1 Anterior Cervical Triangle The anterior triangle is subdivided into four smaller triangles for descriptive purposes 1. Submental triangle 2. Submandibular (digastric) triangle 3. Carotid triangle 4. Muscular (omotracheal) triangle 2 The submental triangle inferior to the chin is an unpaired suprahyoid area bounded by : 1. the body of the hyoid bone inferiorly 2. the right and left anterior bellies of the digastric muscles laterally. 3 The submental triangle The floor of the submental triangle is formed by the two mylohyoid muscles, which meet in a median fibrous raphe. The apex of the submental triangle is at the mandibular symphysis The base is formed by the hyoid bone. 4 The submental triangle This triangle contains: 1. several small submental lymph nodes. 2. small veins that unite to form ' the anterior jugular vein. 5 6 7 The submandibular triangle It is a glandular area between the inferior border of the mandible and the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric and the stylohyoid muscle Above by the lower border of the mandible Some people refer to it as the "digastric triangle." The floor of the submandibular triangle is formed by the mylohyoid muscle, hyoglossus muscle, and middle constrictor of the pharynx. 8 Anterior of the triangle contains the submandibular salivary gland the facial deep to the gland The vein and the submandibular LN superficial to the gland The hypoglossal nerve runs on the hypoglossal muscle deep to the gland Maylohyiod nerve and vessel runs inferior surface of this muscle 9 10 Posterior par of the triangle lies the carotid sheath, with the carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve The lower part of the parotid gland projects into the triangle.
    [Show full text]
  • • Carotid Triangle
    • carotid triangle The neck is divided into triangles, the two most prominent being formed as the sternocleidomastoid crosses the neck to form the anterior and posterior triangles. The anterior triangle is further subdivided by the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastrics and the superi - or belly of the omohyoid. (1) Submental triangle: (a) Boundaries: Anterior belly of digastric muscle, hyoid bone and the midline of the neck (b) Floor: Mylohyoid (c) Contents (main): Submental lymph nodes, floor of the mouth (2) Digastric (or submandibular) triangle: (a) Boundaries: Anterior and posterior bellies of digastric muscle and inferior border of the body of the mandible (b) Floor: Mylohyoid and hyoglossus (c) Contents (main): Submandibular gland (3) Carotid triangle: (a) Boundaries: Sternocleidomastoid, posterior belly of digastric and superior belly of omohyoid muscle (b) Floor: Thyrohyoid, hyoglossus, and pharyngeal constrictors (c) Contents (main): bifurcation of common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus and hypoglossal nerve (4) Muscular triangle: (a) Boundaries: Superior belly of omohyoid, sternocleidomastoid and midline of the neck (b) Floor: Sternohyoid and sternothyroid (c) Contents (main): Infrahyoid muscles, thyroid and parathyroid glands The posterior triangle (lateral cervical region) is subdivided by the inferior belly of the omohyoid. (1) Occipital Triangle: (a) Boundaries: Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, and inferior belly of omohyoid muscle (b) Floor: Splenius capitis, levator scapulae, and the middle and posterior scalenes (c) Contents (main): Accessory nerve (2) Subclavian (or supraclavicular, omoclavicular) triangle: (a) Boundaries: Sternocleidomastoid, inferior belly of omohyoid muscle and clavicle (b) Floor: 1st rib and serratus anterior (c) Contents (main): Subclavian artery and vein, brachial plexus and supraclavicular nerves.
    [Show full text]
  • Anterior Triangle of Neck 頸部 前三角區域
    Anterior Triangle of Neck 頸部 前三角區域 解剖學科 馮琮涵 副教授 分機 3250 E-mail: [email protected] Outline: • Boundary and division of anterior triangle. • Contents of anterior triangle. Anterior triangle : boundary – SCM, median line on neck & inf. border of mandible submandibular triangle (digastric triangle) boundary – mandible, ant. & post. bellies of digastric muscle contents – submandibular gland, duct and lymph nodes, hypoglossal n., parts of facial artery & submental artery submental triangle boundary – hyoid bone, right & left ant. bellies of digastric m. contents – submental lymph nodes carotid triangle boundary – sup. belly of omohyoid, ant. border of SCM & post. belly of digastric contents – common carotid artery internal & external carotid arteries carotid sinus (baroreceptor) & carotid body (chemoreceptor) and ansa cervicalis carotid sheath – common carotid artery (medially), IJV (laterally) & vagus nerve (posteriorly) • muscular triangle boundary – sup. belly of omohyoid, ant. border of SCM & median plane of neck contents – infrahyoid muscles and viscera of the neck Muscles in the Anterior Triangle Supra-hyoid muscles: Stylohyoid: CN VII Digastric muscle: (ant. belly – CN V3 & post. belly – CN VII) Mylohyoid: CN V3 (motor root) Geniohyoid: ant. ramus of C1 along with CN XII Infra-hyoid muscles: Sternohyoid: ansa cervicalis Omohyoid (ant. belly & post. belly): ansa cervicalis Sternothyroid: ansa cervicalis Thyrohyoid: ant. ramus of C1 along with CN XII Suprahyoid muscles Infrahyoid muscles Vessels in the Anterior Triangle Arteries: common carotid artery internal carotid artery (no branch in the neck) branches of external carotid artery: ascending pharyngeal artery, superior thyroid artery, lingual artery, facial artery, occipital artery, posterior auricular artery Veins: superior & inferior bulb of IJV occipital vein, facial vein, lingual vein, pharyngeal vein superior & middle thyroid veins Nerves in the Anterior Triangle Transverse cervical nerves (C2 & C3) Facial nerve: stylohyoid & post.
    [Show full text]
  • O. V. Korenkov, G. F. Tkach
    O. V. Korenkov, G. F. Tkach Study guide 0 Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine Ministry of Health of Ukraine Sumy State University O. V. Korenkov, G. F. Tkach TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY OF THE NECK Study guide Recommended by Academic Council of Sumy State University Sumy Sumy State University 2017 1 УДК 611.93(072) K66 Reviewers: L. V. Phomina – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of Department of Human Anatomy of Vinnytsia National Medical University named after M. I. Pirogov; M. V. Pogorelov – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of Department of Public Health of Sumy State University Recommended for publication by Academic Council of Sumy State University as а study guide (minutes № 11 of 15.06.2017) Korenkov O. V. K66 Topographical anatomy of the neck : study guide / O. V. Korenkov, G. F. Tkach. – Sumy : Sumy State University, 2017. – 102 р. ISBN 978-966-657-676-0 This study guide is intended for the students of medical higher educational institutions of IV accreditation level, who study Human Anatomy in the English language. Навчальний посібник рекомендований для студентів вищих медичних навчальних закладів IV рівня акредитації, які вивчають анатомію людини англійською мовою. УДК 611.93(072) © Korenkov O. V., Tkach G. F., 2017 ISBN 978-966-657-676-0 © Sumy State University, 2017 2 TOPOGRAPHICAL ANATOMY OF THE NECK THE NECK Borders: The neck is separated from the head by line that passes from the chin along the lower and then the rear border of the body and the branch of the mandible, along the lower border of the external auditory canal and mastoid process, with linea nuchae superior to protuberantio occipitalis externa.
    [Show full text]
  • Abdomen Abdominal Aorta, Anatomy, 631–632 Abdominal Aortic
    Index Abdomen anal fi stulectomy, 478 abdominal aorta, anatomy, 631–632 fi stulous tract, probe and abdominal aortic aneurysm repair incision, 481 elective infrarenal, 641–644 Goodsall-Salmon’s rule of abdominal hysterectomy fi stulas, 482–483 bilateral salpingo- seton procedure, 481 oophorectomy, 658 anorectal landmarks, 476 incision, surgical technique, band ligation 655–662 anus examination and prolapse abdominal incisions, 148 reduction, 490–493 midline, thoracic extension McGivney and McGowan band of, 150 ligator, 489 anterior abdominal wall, 113–115 digital examination, 477–478 blood supply of, 131–132 external thrombosed fossae of, 117–118 hemorrhoids, incision hernias, see Hernia and drainage of, 489 layers of, 117 hemorrhoidectomy supply of, 132–134 external hemorrhoid, 483 Adrenal glands ischiorectal abscess, 478, 480 adrenalectomies, 607–618 pilonidal cyst, excision of, laparoscopic adrenalectomy, 493–495 619–630 sigmoidoscopic examination, relations of, 603–604 475–476, 479 right and left, 604 stapled hemorrhoidectomy vascular system of, 605–606 open-sided retractor, 486–487 Anal canal and perianal regions, sigmoidoscopy, 487–489 surgical procedures Anterior iliopubic tract repair, anal fi ssure, 483 condon procedure, 175 668585 686 Index Anus and rectum vascular system of lymph drainage of, 437 arterial supply, 96 pelvic splanchnic nerves, venous drainage, 100 436–437 Buccopharyngeal fascia, 28 Aponeurosis conjoined area, 121–122 Carotid endarterectomy, 631, inguinal canal, 127 635–640 inguinal ligament, 119 anatomy for, 631
    [Show full text]