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University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Winter 1988 A socio-historical analysis of the American steel industry, 1865-1929: Factory closures in the cycle of capitalist development Daniel John Santoro University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation Santoro, Daniel John, "A socio-historical analysis of the American steel industry, 1865-1929: Factory closures in the cycle of capitalist development" (1988). Doctoral Dissertations. 1566. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1566 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 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University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Com pany 300 North Z ee b Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 8907448 A socio-historical analysis of the American steel industry, 1865-1920: Factory closures in the cycle of capitalist development Santoro, Daniel John, Ph.D. University of New Hampshire, 1988 Copyright ©1988 by Santoro, Daniel John. AH rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zecb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 A SOCIO-HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE AMERICAN STEEL INDUSTRY, 1865-1929: FACTORY CLOSURES IN THE CYCLE OF CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT DANIEL J . SANTORO DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology December. 1988 This dissertation has been examined and approved. Dissertation Director, Bud ByKnleif Professor of Sociology / y Melvin T. Bobick Professor of Sociology Walter F. Buckley Professor of Sociology Sally K. Ward Associate Professor of Sociology w . Richard W. England Associate Professor of Economics Si _____ Allen M. Kaufman Assistant Professor of Business Administration Date ' ALL RIGHTS RESERVED © 1988 Daniel J. Santoro DEDICATION This work is dedicated to Lisa Baughman, my partner in this life, and to my parents, Rose and Mike Santoro. They each have taught me altruism, the importance of faith in oneself, to stand for something or not to stand at all, and most importantly that love and courage are cut from the same cloth. It is also fondly dedicated to the memory of my Grandfather, Giovanni Batiste Santoro. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It is cliche that every student of introductory sociology and anthropology learns at one time or another that Eskimos have sixty or so different words describing snow and that English has but one. That, they learn, is because snow is more important in their lives and to their survival than it is to people outside that culture. In the act of writing I have learned that simply capturing thoughts on paper is but one small dimension of a total process which does not and cannot take place in isolation, but within an entire community of cooperating people. Like the first year sociology student I have learned that the words "thank you" are sadly inadequate to express what I would like to those who have stood with me and supported me over these years. Perhaps this is because saying thank you is more important in the life of the writer than it is to people "outside of that culture." I will, though, tiy in my way to do justice to all of them. I am grateful to you, Usa. Besides all the hard work you put in at the computer and in editing, you have had to live with me through all of this and you have tolerated hardships along with my moods and petty fears with strength and dignity. You have given me a great gift and I will always endeavor to make myself worthy of it. Mom and Dad, your love, faith, and pride in me has never waivered. You have always placed a premium on the value of being an educated person and you have cheerfully made great sacrifices to give me the opportunity to learn. I want you to know that I do not take this v lightly and I have always tried to do the best with what you have given me. Now, besides these I owe much to my former teachers. Joyce Schmelling I consider to be the teacher who first made me aware of a much larger and complicated world, upon which it is worthy to reflect. Russ Kleinbach showed me that learning and teaching are really the same things, and that scholarship can be activism. Jon Kemer taught me the potential of sociology in addressing irrationality. Your lessons have not been forgotten. I am also indebted to the members of my dissertation committee. Professors Bud B. Khleif, Melvin Bobick, Walter Buckley, Sally Ward, Richard England, and Allen Kaufman. If the sign of a good teacher is allowing the student the latitude to learn from mistakes, then these are good teachers. I appreciate their friendship, guidance, and passion for the life of the mind. The opportunity to stand among them as a colleague is a great source of pride for me. Special thanks are here owed to Professor Khleif, director of this committee and my mentor. You have taught me what it means to be a scholar, and I. appreciate the respect with which you have treated me. My challenge now is to live up to your example. Thanks also to these members of the faculty of the University of New Hampshire: Sam Rosen, Department of Economics; Val Dusek, Department of Philosophy; and William Jones, Department of History. In their classrooms, I found both clarification and inspiration. I am very grateful to June Nash of the Department of Anthro­ pology at City College of the City University of New York. While visiting U.N.H. as a speaker, she took the time to read a piece of this work vi which was then at a very early stage of development. Her suggestions were most helpful and her comments gave me much needed encour­ agement to carry this project through. I have been fortunate to have so many wonderful friends around me! First, I am grateful to all the members of the "Institute." Sue Kingsland, I mention you first because I can truly say that were it not for you, I would not be where I am today. Mat Eddy, you are my only city planner friend. You have the unenviable task of trying to practice what the rest of us preach in the context of an infinitely absurd system. Woody Doane, my comrade, I know you along with me forgive Sue for her revisionist tendencies. Tammy Blasetti, you bake the best pies in the greater Concord area and believe me, a flaky crust beats the hell out of internally consistent theory any day! I have found a second home in the family of Bill and Toni Hardy, a sanctuary of wonderful chaos provided by their children Katelyn and Ben along with a regiment of parents, aunts, uncles and cousins. Thank you, dear Katelyn, for reminding me that sometimes the most important thing in the world is to play. I love you. Sincere thanks to Deena Peschke and Angele Cook, unsung heroes of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology; Charlie Bolian, my male role model; and to John Provencher, Scott Clark, Les Sartele, Sue Robinson, Diane "Sparky" Coleman, Mark Diffenderfer, Tom Sparhawk, Karren Sanborn, Steve and Annette Cosgrove, and Barbara Carson. Also, Millie Bobick's delicious meals made meetings with a particularly ornery committee member more bearable. Finally, I have reserved a special place to offer my warm thanks to Christy Hammer and Donna Kemer. You have both done so much to vii bring not only this work but, indeed, me to life. You have pushed me to clarify my sometimes muddled thoughts and forced me to say what I mean. You have always held my welfare in the highest regard and you have never given me bad advice. You have seen me at my best and at my worst and always you have treated me with patience, hospitality, kindness and compassion.

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