Ohio Iron and Steel Industry March 2020 TABLE of CONTENTS Page
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Advanced Manufacturing: The Ohio Iron and Steel Industry March 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Executive Summary 1 Description of Ohio’s Iron and Steel Industry - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 Notable Iron and Steel Industry Manufacturers 5 Globalization and Foreign Investment in Ohio - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 Recent Expansion and Attraction Announcements 11 Iron and Steel Industry Concentration in Ohio - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13 The Composition of Ohio’s Iron and Steel Industry: Employment 15 Industry Pay- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17 The Distribution of Industry Establishments in Ohio 19 The Distribution of Industry Employment in Ohio - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21 Trends 23 Raw Steel Production - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25 Production as Measured by Value-Added 29 Capital Expenditures- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31 Establishments 33 Employment- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35 i Exports from Ohio 37 Notes on U.S. Imports and Exports - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 39 Overview and Outlooks 41 An Overview of the Industry - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42 The Near- and Long-Term Outlooks 47 Appendices- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 50 Detailed Tables 51 Table A1: Notable Iron and Steel Manufacturing Companies in Ohio, 2019 52 Table A2: Expansion and Attraction Announcements in Ohio’s Iron and Steel Industry, 2015-2018 54 Table A3: Iron and Steel Industry Concentration in Ohio 55 Table A4: Establishments and Employment in the Iron and Steel Industry, Ohio and U.S., 2017 56 Table A5: Employment and Pay in the Iron and Steel Industry, Ohio and U.S., 2017 57 Table A6: Establishments and Employment in Ohio’s Iron and Steel Industry, by County, 2016 58 Table A7: Raw Steel Production in Ohio and the U.S., 1973-2019 59 Table A8: Trends in Value-Added for Ohio and the U.S., 2007-2016 60 Table A9: Trends in Capital Expenditures for Ohio and the U.S., 2007-2016 61 Table A10: Detailed Iron and Steel Industry Establishment Trends in Ohio and the U.S., 2007-2017 62 Table A11: Detailed Iron and Steel Industry Employment Trends in Ohio and the U.S., 2007-2017 63 Table A12: Trends in Exports from Ohio, 2008-2018 64 Table A13: U.S. Imports and Exports of Steel Mill Products and Derived Statistics, 1998-2019 65 Table A14: Projections for Iron and Steel Industry Employment, Ohio and the U.S., 2016-2026 66 Industry Definition and Examples of Products 67 Glossary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 69 A Primer on Iron and Steel Production Processes 72 ii Notes- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 73 Sources and References Cited 78 iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • Ohio ranked second in the nation in raw steel production every year of the last decade, annually pouring anywhere from 8.9 to 13.7 million tons, or 10 to 14 percent of total U.S. output. • Ohio ranked third in the encompassing iron, steel and ferroalloy products group (NAICS 3311, which includes products made at the mills), second in manufacturing products made from purchased steel (3312), and third in the combination of the two groups – as judged by dollar value-add in the latest Annual Survey of Manufactures by the Census Bureau. • Nine companies on Fortune magazine’s U.S.-1,000 or Global- 500 lists have iron and steel industry establishments in Ohio; two of them – AK Steel and Worthington Industries – maintain their world headquarters here, and ArcelorMittal [sic], the world’s largest steel company, has a regional headquarters here. • ArcelorMittal can pour at least 3.8 million tons of raw steel per year in Ohio. It is followed by AK Steel with a minimum of 2.85 million, Republic Steel at nearly 2.4 million, North Star BlueScope [sic] at close to 2.2 million and TimkenSteel [sic] at over 1.5 million. Total capacity in Ohio is at least 14.1 million tons per year. • 181 industry establishments employed 23,100 people in Ohio according to the latest state-wide County Business Pat- terns data; the latest complete county data showed 54 had at least one iron and steel industry establishment, with the majority in 11 counties: Butler, Columbiana, Cuyahoga, Franklin, Mahoning, Montgomery, Richland, Stark, Summit, Trumbull, and Washington; two-thirds of the jobs were found in an overlapping list of nine counties: Butler, Cuyahoga, Defiance, Franklin, Lake Lorain, Richland, Stark and Trumbull. • AK is the largest industry employer in Ohio with close to 3,000, followed by ArcelorMittal and TimkinSteel with 2,700- plus each; McWane and Osco are the largest foundry companies with more than 400 each. • 14 companies announced 16 major iron and steel industry investments in Ohio from 2015 through 2018. Planned ex- penditures were more than $1.14 billion with about 730 new jobs anticipated when the projects are completed. • International investment is very important, with 15 companies from 11 foreign nations employing 5,700-plus in Ohio making iron, steel, ferroalloy and foundry products; three of them are on Fortune’s Global-500 list. ArcelorMittal, In- dustrias CH SAB de CV (which owns Republic Steel) and BlueScope are the largest employers. 1 • People working in Ohio’s iron and steel industry averaged $70,700-plus in annual pay – about $1,800 more than the corresponding national average – according to the latest state-wide County Business Patterns data from the Census Bureau. 2 DESCRIPTION OF OHIO’S IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY 3 !"g$ Lake Ashtabula !"f$!"g$ Fulton Lucas ! Ottawa Cuyahoga Williams North Star Geauga ! Bluescope ! ArcelorMittal Delta Erie Ohio Steel Industry Defiance Wood Cleveland Sandusky !"f$!"g$ Lorain Trumbull Henry Notable Establishments* !"c$ Charter Steel !"f$ Cuyahoga Hts Summit Portage Paulding Seneca Huron Medina Putnam Hancock Mahoning Richland Ashland !"e$ Van Wert Crawford ! Wayne Stark Wyandot ArcelorMittal TimkenSteel ! Columbiana Allen ! Shelby !"a$ Complex Industrias/ Hardin Canton Republic Steel Auglaize Marion Canton Mercer Morrow Holmes Carroll Jefferson Tuscarawas Logan Knox Key Shelby Coshocton Union Harrison Delaware ! ! Notable Establishment* McWane Darke Champaign Coshocton Interstate Highway Guernsey Miami Licking Franklin Muskingum Ohio County Belmont Clark !"`$ !"`$ Madison Montgomery Noble *Major melt facility or establishment Preble Fairfield Perry Monroe Greene !"e$ believed to employ 400 or more AK Steel** Pickaway Morgan Middletown !"a$ Fayette **Cleveland Cliffs is buying AK Steel ! Warren Hocking Washington Butler !"c$ Clinton Ross Athens Vinton Highland Meigs Hamilton Clermont Pike Jackson Brown Sources: Gallia Hoover's Inc., news reports, Adams Scioto company web sites, and U.S. Census Bureau Lawrence Prepared by: Office of Research Ohio Development Services Agency 4 February 2020 R021420A NOTABLE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY MANUFACTURERS Nine companies on Fortune’s U.S.-1,000 or Global-500 lists have iron and steel industry establishments in Ohio with two maintaining their world headquarters here – AK Steel and Worthington Industries. (The mining company Cleveland-Cliffs announced in November 2019 it is buying AK Steel (Coolidge, 2019).) AK Steel is the largest industry employer in Ohio with an estimated 2,980 people, followed by ArcelorMittal [sic] and TimkenSteel [sic] – each with 2,700-plus. (Figures in- clude any headquarters employment; TimkenSteel split from Timken-the-fabricated-metal-products-company in 2013.)1 Five more companies – regardless of their Fortune status – employ between 400 and 900 here. The map above shows establishments employing at least 400 or the location of major furnaces. TimkenSteel’s Faircrest, Gambrinus and Harrison form an integrated complex. The list below includes companies employing 400 or more people in Ohio and (generally) having at least 25 people at a site as well as Fortune company sites regardless of size. Establish- ments are grouped by NAICS code and note the city where the site is located. See Appendix Table A1 for the complete list organized by company. Industry Group: Notable Co.^/Subsidiary or Division NAICS City Jobs at Site1 AK Steel Holding Corp.*/AK Steel Corp.3 3311 Middletown 2,100 AK Steel Holding Corp.*/AK Steel Corp.4 3311 Mansfield 300 ArcelorMittal SA*7/ArcelorMittal Cleveland 3311 Cleveland 1,877 BlueScope Steel Ltd. /North Star BlueScope Steel LLC14 3311 Delta 400 Charter Mfg. Co., Inc./Charter Steel9 3311 Cleveland 410 Industrias CH, SAB de CV/Republic Steel (pig iron)10