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Fairey Gannet Spotlight Fairey Gannet 16 Pages in detail 100 Sub hunter 108 Gannet in profile 110 Eye in the sky This month our Spotlight assesses an immediately identifi able machine from the Fairey stable that was developed for the Royal Navy’s Fleet Air Arm in the years following World War Two. Distinctively equipped with a double turboprop engine driving two contra-rotating propellers, the Gannet was Main picture an unusual machine earmarked for a specifi c purpose – Fairey Gannet T.2 WN365 became the dual trainer prototype, developed from an fulfi lling a joint anti-submarine and strike requirement. The AS.1, in 1954. It was later converted to T.5 status and is currently based in the US. KEY prototype fi rst fl ew on September 19, 1949 and made the fi rst deck landing by a turboprop aircraft, alighting on HMS Illustrious the following June. Some aircraft were adapted to carry a suite of electronic countermeasures equipment, while others were built to replace the Douglas Skyraider in the airborne early warning role. With exclusive features and artwork we refl ect on a versatile Cold War warrior. Spotlight Fairey Gannet ASW Double Mamba Sub-hunter Andrew Thomas explains how the Fairey Gannet delivered an airborne anti-submarine capability for the Royal Navy and other air arms Above right ppropriately named Banking over after the elegant diving a Royal Navy seabird able to pursue submarine during its prey underwater, the a test sortie when AFairey Gannet resulted from a Royal with C Flight of the Aeroplane Navy (RN) requirement revealed by and Armament Specification GR.17/45 in 1945. Experimental Detailing the need for a tandem- Establishment, the seat carrier-borne anti-submarine second prototype (AS) search and strike aircraft, Gannet, VR557, displays its both Blackburn Aircraft and Fairey retractable radar Aviation Company submitted housing deployed proposals – the B-54/Y.A.5 and the bomb and Type Q, respectively. After doors opening. examining these the Ministry of KEY COLLECTION Supply, in its typical non-committal Right way, ordered two prototypes of each Gannet AS.4 blueprint on August 12, 1946. XA423/286/E of 814 Comprising two engines mounted props eliminated the asymmetric NAS is lowered into Converting kerosene side-by-side, both were linked handling problems associated with the hangar deck of to noise to a common gearbox driving single-engined flight in a twin, HMS ‘Eagle’, while exercising with After initially considering the contra-rotating propellers via an therefore making single-engined the US 6th Fleet in Rolls-Royce Tweed as a suitable individual drive shaft. This meant deck landing safer. Additionally, the the Mediterranean powerplant, Fairey turned to each unit could be shut down powerplant was designed to run on – during which Armstrong Siddeley, which was independently, and the airscrew kerosene or diesel from the outset, Gannets operated in the process of developing the feathered when on patrol to increase which helped eliminate the need from the USN ASM-1 turboprop. Standing for endurance – despite the aircraft for high-octane petroleum spirit or carrier USS ‘Saratoga’. Armstrong Siddeley Mamba, having the appearance of being AVGAS on board aircraft carriers. T HARRISON further work developed this concept single-engined. As well as this, the Ground-running trials of the into the Double Mamba ASM-3. use of a co-axial arrangement for the innovative engine began in 1948 as 100 FLYPAST October 2019 Anti-submarine capability Sub-hunter construction of Type Q prototype, VR546, gained pace at Fairey’s Hayes facility in west London. Once completed, the aircraft was moved by road to the Ministry of Aircraft Production’s airfield at Aldermaston, Berkshire, and it was from here that chief test pilot, Gp Capt Gordon Slade, took to the air in the inverted gull-winged machine on September 19, 1949. Rival Blackburn’s Y.A.5 flew for the first time the next day. Following its debut flight the Gannet, as it would soon be known, was noted to have handling issues and numerous aerodynamic flaws. Damaged while attempting to take off in November that year, it was March 1950 before it flew again; small alterations to the elevators, ailerons and rudder during this downtime reportedly resolved the issues. The prototype, flown by Lt Cdr G R Callingham, undertook the Gannet’s first deck landing on HMS Illustrious on June 19 that year; it was also the first ever by a turboprop aeroplane. Development work continued with the first flight of the second prototype, VR557, October 2019 FLYPAST 101 Above, taking place two weeks later. Further Sudan, for warm weather evaluation maritime commanders several left to right progress led to several changes, in November. However, engine options with its ability to strike The fi rst Gannet prototype VR546 including the internal weapons bay compressor issues led to a temporary targets both on land and at sea. Not in the original two- being enlarged, a third cockpit for grounding of RN Gannets in August. only that, its large weapons bay seat confi guration, a radar operator and a retractable Finally, on January 13, 1955 could accommodate a wide range of in which it fl ew for radome for the EKCO ASV (Air- Gannet AS.1 WN350 was delivered stores – including marine markers, the fi rst time on to-Surface Vessel) Mk.19B radar to 826 Naval Air Squadron (NAS) at directional sonobuoys, 250lb September 19, 1949 being fitted aft of the wing. These RNAS Lee-on-Solent, Hampshire, (110kg) or 500lb (225kg) bombs, in the hands of Gp Capt Gordon Slade. features were included on the third under Lt Cdr G F Birch to begin depth charges or acoustic torpedoes. KEY COLLECTION prototype, WE488, which was replacing its weary Fireflies. It was Underwing hardpoints also allowed built to near-production standard. considered fully equipped with the the Gannet to carry 250lb bombs, Built as a near- Though the type’s complexities arrival of aircraft WN364 two weeks depth charges or up to 16 rocket production standard caused lengthy delays, the Gannet later. With crews spending several projectiles; the latter could be fitted aircraft, the third AS.1 was ordered into ‘super- weeks converting and working up to with different warheads, most Gannet prototype, WE488, was used priority’ production during March an operational standard, 826 spent a of which were easily capable of to fl y trials against 1951 – the first example of which, short period using HMS Eagle ’s deck penetrating a submarine’s hull. the other proposals WN339, rolled out in 1953. Six for carrier training. The unit soon for Specifi cation days after its maiden flight, ’339 embarked on the ship on June 4 and Increasing numbers GR.17/45. It is seen participated in a flypast during sailed for the Mediterranean where it With a steady flow of aircraft arriving here undertaking the Coronation Review by Queen participated in several exercises with off the production line, more Gannet a test fl ight with its ventral radome Elizabeth II at Spithead in the the carrier until August. Clearing the squadrons were quickly formed, with retracted. FAIREY VIA T Solent. It was followed by 265 more decks to make way for a squadron the next being 824 NAS in February BUTTLER AS variants, built at both Hayes of Westland Whirlwinds, 826’s 1955. Replacing its ageing Grumman and at the manufacturer’s Stockport Gannets flew back to the UK via Avenger AS.4s, the unit joined HMS The Gannet’s facility in Cheshire; those coming Gibraltar and France, arriving back Ark Royal that October for a tour in cavernous weapons from the latter were flight tested at Lee in mid-September. the Mediterranean. Following suit, bay is demonstrated by this German at RAF Ringway, today’s The squadron soon re-joined the 820 NAS under Lt Cdr Desmond Navy example. Manchester Airport. ship in the Moray Firth, Scotland, Cassidi received its first Gannet at BUNDESMARINE VIA before heading into the Norwegian RNAS Eglinton, Northern Ireland, WOLFGANG MUEHLBAUER Welcome aboard Sea for NATO’s Exercise Sea on March 7. Heading to the carrier Development remained protracted, Enterprise. Having pioneered the HMS Bulwark for an exercise during A formation of 824 but in early April 1954, 703X Flight Gannet into operational service, September, the aircraft became the NAS Gannet AS.1s on April 26, 1955 at RNAS Ford, Hampshire, received 826 NAS disembarked back to first of the type to operate in the – just a few weeks four airframes (WN347-WN350) Lee-on-Solent in mid-November, Far East while embarked on HMS after the unit was for intensive service flying trials. where it was disbanded after just Centaur through January 1956 . formed. From top to The Gannet’s tricycle undercarriage 11 months (it wasn’t unusual for Reforming on July 4, 1955 as an bottom the aircraft and position of the cockpit drew naval air squadrons to exist for only anti-submarine unit equipped with are WN419/412, praise for deck landing, particularly a short period, with most usually the AS.1, 825 NAS was followed in WN424/418, WN391/414 and when combined with the recently disbanding at the end of a cruise and November by 812 NAS – the latter WN396/411. VIA R C introduced angled deck and mirror reforming for another). carrying out its first cruise in STURTIVANT landing system. That June, WN344 From its initial operations the spring 1956. was sent to the Royal Canadian Gannet AS.1 proved to be a The last of the initial Gannet Air Force’s Central Experimental sturdy machine and well suited squadrons to stand up was 815 NAS and Proving Establishment at to various tasks, including surface commanded by Lt Cdr J P David at Namao, Alberta, for cold weather surveillance and anti-submarine Eglinton – the type becoming its last trials, with another to Khartoum, warfare (ASW).
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