GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND EMERGING MOBILITY TRENDS CARLSBAD SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY PLAN - DRAFT

GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND 3 EMERGING MOBILITY TRENDS

71 CARLSBAD SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY PLAN - DRAFT GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND EMERGING MOBILITY TRENDS 3 GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND EMERGING MOBILITY TRENDS

This chapter sets forth guiding principles for the SMP’s recommendations. These principles are largely focused on ensuring equitable access and safely to all modes of travelers regardless of age or physical ability. Key principles embraced in the SMP’s recommendations include the “8 to 80” Network, Safe Walking and Cycling Routes and Moving Beyond Planning for Commute Trips. In addition to these guiding principles, it was important during the SMP planning process to integrate consideration of several important emerging mobility trends. GUIDING PRINCIPLES

IN THIS CHAPTER “8-to-80” Networks An “8-to-80” city reflects the potentially specialized needs of eight- and eighty-year-old members • Summary of guiding planning of the community when planning. The intent of this approach is to produce planning outcomes principles and emerging mobility that ensure a city functions properly and equitably for everyone’s ability. Generally, the past 50 concepts to consider when years has produced planning outcomes for North American cities that prioritize driver-based developing future mobility mobility. networks for the City of Carlsbad Car-centric planning oftentimes neglects mobility for those who may be not be able to operate a motor vehicle, such as seniors and children. Among other outcomes, this approach can result in a reduction of much of life’s daily physical activity. The 8-to-80 approach shifts the focus back to people, and aims to create healthier and more equitable cities supported by safe mobility infrastructure that accommodates all modes of travel.

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The City of Carlsbad has taken strides to comfortable seating, in addition to other Guidelines of this Plan. ensure that all ages and abilities have access amenities. to what the city has to offer, particularly with Safe Walking and Cycling Routes Additional detail on the features of an “8- respect to recreation. Moving forward, it The Safe Routes to School Program concept to-80” network can be found in the Design will be beneficial to ensure that portions of began in Denmark in the 1970s. Since that the city characterized by typical twentieth- time, cities across the U.S. have developed century suburban patterns of development are properly considered for retrofits that encourage and accommodate non-vehicular mobility. Maintaining a frame of reference for users limited to certain types of personal mobility, such as children and seniors, works toward fostering an inclusiveness to all who live, play or work in the City of Carlsbad.

An “8-to-80” city focuses on making its city more engaging and vibrant for its residents. This includes creating public spaces, building safe and connected walking and bicycling infrastructure, lowering traffic speeds, mixing land uses and investing in public transportation. Specifically this includes ensuring that the sidewalk network is in good condition and continuous, that there are ADA-compliant curb ramps which allow for residents in wheelchairs or other mobility devices to easily cross the street and get back on the sidewalk, as well as placing curb extensions at intersections to shorten the crossing distance. The focus of “8-to-80” cities was on creating a welcoming public realm by including street trees and

“8 to 80” friendly environment, street trees in a walkable neighborhood of Carlsbad (the Village)

73 CARLSBAD SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY PLAN - DRAFT GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND EMERGING MOBILITY TRENDS

and implemented programmatic and infra- number of people who have safe access Table 3-1 Total Daily Trips by Land Use Type in the structure changes to facilitate children walk- to parks. By creating the opportunity for City of Carlsbad ing and cycling to and from school. Safe Route safe walking and biking trips to the park, Daily Percent programs have also sprung up for seniors, for motorized trips are decreased. The result of Land Use Trips of Total transit stops and for parks. this switch is a reduction in carbon emissions Single Family 207,629 24.1% throughout the city. Neighborhood Safe Routes to School Commercial 117,898 13.7% Helping children walk and bicycle to Moving Beyond Commuting Trips Street-Front Commercial 104,546 12.1% school is good for children’s health and can The typical single-family household in the Multi-Family 76,981 8.9% reduce congestion, traffic dangers and air San Diego region generates approximately Industrial Park 72,796 8.4% pollution caused by parents driving children 10 trips per day for work, school, errands, Community Commercial 64,896 7.5% to school. Robust Safe Routes to School recreation and other uses. Historically, Low-Rise Office 37,658 4.4% programs address the six E’s(Engineering, the focus of planning efforts has been on Service Station 27,580 3.2% Education, Encouragement, Enforcement, improving conditions for only about 20% of Elementary School 15,080 1.7% and Evaluation and Equity). Chapter Six those trips, or those occurring between home Auto Commercial 12,818 1.5% includes more information about Safe Route and work during the traditional peak periods. Active Park 12,144 1.4% programs. Government Office or This was done in large part because planners Center 11,140 1.3% Safe Routes for Seniors were unable to evaluate usage rates, patterns Senior High School 10,593 1.2% A Safe Routes for Seniors program targets and distribution of the remaining 80% of Junior High or Middle pedestrian improvements in areas with senior trips due to poor reporting and counting School 10,214 1.2% centers, a large number of senior residences methodologies. Light Industry 8,812 1.0% Mobile Home Park 8,359 1.0% and other facilities such as hospitals and New perspectives on travel choices, as Other Recreation-High 5,994 0.7% clinics. The benefits of creating a Safe Routes noted in the section on “8-to-80” networks Low-Rise Hotel or Motel 5,985 0.7% for Seniors programs include allowing seniors above, are more inclusive and acknowledge Other Health Care 5,224 0.6% to remain independent by giving them the that a typical household makes many types Post Office 5,088 0.6% option to get around on foot and creating of trips each day. The City of Carlsbad’s Resort 4,651 0.5% a safer walking environment for everyone Climate Action Plan identifies a number of using the streets. trip reduction strategies designed to mitigate Church 4,237 0.5% Other Commercial 3,816 0.4% Safe Routes to Parks climate impacts from vehicle trips, amounting to a roughly five percent reduction from Regional Commercial 3,407 0.4% Safe Routes to Parks aims to increase the

74 GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND EMERGING MOBILITY TRENDS CARLSBAD SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY PLAN - DRAFT The neighborhood in this photo produces over 100 daily trips. Strategies for trip reduction should consider all of the places residents travel to and from.

75 CARLSBAD SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY PLAN - DRAFT GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND EMERGING MOBILITY TRENDS

Table 3-1 Total Daily Trips by Land Use Type in the current estimates. comfort and transportation options for City of Carlsbad (continued) people on bicycles. Using trip generation rates for city land uses Daily Percent developed by the San Diego Association of While not selected for BFC status at that Land Use Trips of Total Governments (SANDAG) as part of their time, the following recommendations Passive Beach 3,228 0.4% regional modeling efforts (Series 13), the were provided. As shown below, the City Active Beach 3,196 0.4% following estimates of trips by each category of Carlsbad has made strides in several Other Public Service 2,967 0.3% of land use in the City of Carlsbad was categories since 2015: Other Transportation 2,290 0.3% developed. (See Table 3-1) Fire or Police Station 1,905 0.2% Engineering Furthermore, analyses have shown that Junkyard/Dump/Landfill 1,572 0.2% roughly 40% to 50% of all trips originating in • Adopt a Complete Streets policy Other School 1,384 0.2% the City of Carlsbad are less than two miles and offer implementation guidance. Warehousing 1,335 0.2% in length. These short trips could very well be Completed Golf Club House 996 0.1% made by bike. Other Recreation-Low 854 0.1% • Adopt bicycle facility selection Public Storage 730 0.1% In order to help the City of Carlsbad meet its criteria that increases separation and School District Office 683 0.1% Climate Action Plan goals, a focus on trip- protection of bicyclists based on levels Communication or Utility 623 0.1% reduction and trip-replacement strategies of motor vehicle speed and volume. Under Construction 504 0.1% specific to respective land uses, particularly Underway schools, housing and key destinations such Other Group Quarters 475 0.1% • Develop a design manual that meets as beach and park access points rather Wholesale Trade 462 0.1% current NACTO standards or endorse than simply focusing on general work trips Field Crops 321 0.0% the NACTO Urban Bikeway Design is a strategy worth exploring — chiefly Intensive Agriculture 226 0.0% Guide. Underway Parking 170 0.0% through the emphasis on providing safe and Right-Of-Way 120 0.0% competitive alternatives to driving. • Adopt standards for bike parking that conform to APBP guidelines. Orchards Or Vineyard 100 0.0% Bicycle Friendly Community Designation Extractive Industry 54 0.0% Underway Inactive Use 40 0.0% In spring 2015, the City of Carlsbad • Continue to expand the bike network, applied to be recognized as a “Bicycle Golf Course 14 0.0% especially along arterials, through Friendly Community (BFC)” by the League Residential Recreation 6 0.0% the use of different types of bicycle of American Bicyclists. This designation Cemetery 3 0.0% facilities. On roads where automobile indicates a community’s commitment to Grand Total 861,804 100% speeds regularly exceed 35 mph, it is bicycling infrastructure, programs and other recommended to provide separated initiatives designed to increase the safety, bicycle infrastructure such as cycle tracks, buffered bike lanes or parallel

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THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF A produced by of Commerce or local business BICYCLE FRIENDLY COMMUNITY association can help promote WWW.BIKELEAGUE.ORG KEY OUTCO Designed by Language Dept. SETTING THE STANDARD MAKING PROGRESS GETTING STARTED MES the program and its benefits. G ERIN RIDERSHIP CRASHES Underway NE ople commuting per 10k daily FATALI GI EETS pe c p TIES EV N IAL STR by bicycle ommuter er 10k AL E RK RTER ES c dail U ETWO A IKE LAN ommu y AT LE N OAD ITH B ter 1 IO ICYC AL R W BIKE N L B TOT PRO OTA TO EAGE 90% STAF GR T AGE MIL F PE AM ILE RK RS Enforcement TO M TWO ON SS NE 50 C BIK CE 20% UR E C 70% 0.2 R P L E A LIC N ENT AN BIK UB TIO IMP AN IS P RTA LE D PO 10K ME BE NS NT IN & A ED G Y S TR per citizens AR OL excellent IM HO G AC • Police officers should be initially and PR SC IN TI F Y CL 78% SI VE O R CY yes GN B DA BI N AT IK % N G TIO U E CO IN A 90 RE CL N E R C 12% E U U S FE D 45% 0.5 V BS repeatedly educated on traffic law as O E E I OF N & T TS A 80% 20K G C IN G very good BI U R IN per citizens K E FE L T E D F C S O M N it applies to bicyclists and motorists. O Y E W O E L IC S yes O N C A B S 65% R T O U T LA K H N L C E & U N U V D S E B A A L 100 N I R IL 5.5% K F K monthly 43% 0.6 T E A O S 60% S G Underway 32K E very good excellent M A N per citizens D A E IO V C T IS T N A yes O IV C H R E T U C quarterly Y D B E A C I E O C C R 50% 45% Y I T M C L U 180 M L B excellent excellent E • Adopt fair and equitable traffic laws. O 3.5% 1.4 I U T P 30% yes T 70K E E at least two good / per citizens S S W E excellent A yes A Underway L C D T A V Y very good yes L O A L P 43% N D C C N A T N I E C I E V I S Y very good 33% E R E at least two M F C G - 26% 370 excellent 1.2% R N 4 E E yes O L A U C C N good I good P Y citizens R C D I R B very good O O 77K maybe F good 33% Evaluation & Planning yes P F per yes A N A / very good R T C R E N one K I E N O S L E good C I S T R M & A I E E I some E V C L A S E R T

G L I maybe L O

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K N D L N yes E

some A E C R

Y very likely yes O L B

W C • Appoint an official Bicycle Advisory

M I

I yes very likely A

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B L E yes likely E

yes S

DIAMOND PLATINUM GOLD SILVER BRONZE There’s no single route to becoming a Bicycle Friendly Community. In fact, the beauty of the BFC Committee (BAC) to create a BICYCLE BICYCLE BICYCLE BICYCLE BICYCLE program is the recognition that no two communities are the same and each can capitalize on its own FRIENDLY FRIENDLY FRIENDLY FRIENDLY FRIENDLY COMMUNITY COMMUNITY COMMUNITY COMMUNITY COMMUNITY unique strengths to make biking better. But, over the past decade, we’ve pored through nearly 600 applications and identified the key benchmarks that define the BFC award levels. Here’s a glimpse at systematic method for ongoing DIAMOND PLATINUM GOLD SILVER BRONZE the average performance of the BFCs in important categories, like ridership, safety and education. citizen input into the development of important policies, plans and projects. 10ft wide shared-use paths (in low • Expand encouragement efforts during Underway density areas). Underway Bike Month. Underway • Ensure the ongoing implementation of Education • Encourage local businesses, the bicycle master plan. Underway agencies, and organizations • Continue to expand the public to promote cycling to their • Expand efforts to decrease the education Bike+Walk Carlsbad employees and customers and number of crashes involving a campaign. Underway to seek recognition through bicyclist. Underway • Work with the local bicycle groups the Bicycle Friendly Business program. Underway The City of Carlsbad has taken several or interested parents to develop and key actions that would support another implement a Safe Routes to School • City government should be BFC application. This should be a priority program for all schools. Underway the model employer for local action as the application itself can help businesses, and the Chamber • Offer regular bicycling skills training guide the City of Carlsbad to focus on opportunities for adults Underway proven methods for enhancing its image as a safe and desirable place to cycle.

77 CARLSBAD SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY PLAN - DRAFT GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND EMERGING MOBILITY TRENDS

EMERGING MOBILITY mobility services. In the future, automated communities to access transit and other shared TRENDS and connected transportation services may mobility choices. enhance mobility for travelers of all ages and Four potential locations for mobility hubs have Mobility Hubs abilities while fostering a safer environment for all mobility hub users. been identified in the City of Carlsbad: the Mobility hubs are places of connectivity existing Poinsettia and Village Coaster stations, where different modes of travel – walking, As part of the fulfillment of San Diego the Shoppes at Carlsbad/Plaza Camino Real biking, transit and shared mobility – converge Forward: The Regional Plan, SANDAG has shopping center and in the business park area and where there is a concentration of developed a Regional Mobility Hub Strategy adjacent to Palomar Airport Road. employment, housing, shopping and/or to demonstrate how transportation services, recreation. They provide an integrated amenities and supporting technologies Additional detail on this topic, as well as an suite of mobility services, amenities and can work together to make it easier for evaluation of each site’s suitability and potential technologies to bridge the distance between high-frequency transit and an individual’s origin or destination. They also serve as a destination in their own right, where many trips may end or where errands may take place.

Sample mobility hub services, amenities and technologies include bikeshare, carshare, neighborhood electric vehicles, bike parking, dynamic parking management strategies, real-time traveler information, ridesharing, microtransit services, bike and pedestrian improvements, wayfinding and urban design enhancements. These features help travelers connect to regional transit services and make short trips within the neighborhood and beyond. Integration of information technology helps travelers find, access and pay for transit and on-demand shared Example Mobility Hub Services (source: SANDAG)

78 GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND EMERGING MOBILITY TRENDS CARLSBAD SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY PLAN - DRAFT

features, is found later in Chapter Five. • Pedestrian Level of Service (PLOS), vehicles, and values close, high traffic City of Carlsbad: Quantifies sidewalk conditions less favorably. Bikeways Emerging Mobility Analysis Tools dimensions and traffic volumes. This that have more space from less The practice of evaluating vehicle traffic method values wide and comfortable vehicles maintain higher scores, operations has existed more or less since the sidewalk conditions favorably; whereas bikeways with little to no invention of the automobile. Known as “level and values constricted, high traffic separation from high vehicle volumes of service,” the evaluation centers primarily conditions less favorably. A wide maintain lower scores. on the functional capacity of an existing sidewalk on a residential street • Level of Traffic Stress (LTS), Chen roadway to move vehicles efficiently. receives a high score, whereas a busy roadway with no sidewalks receives a Ryan Associates: Qualitatively In the 21st century, traffic engineers low score. examines the comfort of bicycling nationwide, as well as in the City of Carlsbad, for all users. This method scores have developed a number of additional • Pedestrian Environment Quality roadways based on suitability for criteria to comprehensively evaluate the Evaluation (PEQE), Chen Ryan different types of cyclists. A low traffic public right-of-way for all users. Associates: Examines pedestrian stress score (LTS 1) is a comfortable conditions qualitatively. This method roadway condition for all users. A Brief descriptions of these techniques can takes into consideration such factors high traffic stress score (LTS 4) is only be found below, and additional analyses as pedestrian obstructions, lighting, suitable for confident and experienced conducted within the City of Carlsbad can be vehicle speeds and vehicle/pedestrian cyclists. found in the draft Existing Conditions Report separation. Sidewalks that are and provided in Appendix A. comfortable to walk on for all people • Walkability Index: The Walkability and times of day receive high scores, Index is a quantitative tool used to Examples of these methodologies include: and sidewalks that are difficult to walk measure the pedestrian environment on comfortably receive low scores. within a geographic area to • Multi-Modal Level of Service determine the degree to which it (MMLOS), City of Carlsbad: Aims • Bicycle Level of Service (BLOS) may be considered safe, comfortable, to determine level of service for all and Roadway Dimensions, City of accommodating or useful to the users, not just vehicles. A high score Carlsbad: Quantifies the quality pedestrian. indicates a balance between drivers, of bikeways based upon roadway pedestrians, bicyclists and transit dimensions and traffic volumes. These indexes can be used to promote options. A low score tips the scale in This method values greater physical walkable neighborhoods by creating the favor of the traditional vehicle-centric separation between bikes and ability for one to identify the degree to roadway environment. which certain features, such as sidewalk

79 CARLSBAD SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY PLAN - DRAFT GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND EMERGING MOBILITY TRENDS

installation, gap closure, amenities, Future Updates to the City’s Multi-Modal they are meeting the specified standard or access to services, would improve Level of Service Methodology by street type. Ultimately the MMLOS “pedestrian-ism” in a community. methodology was revised to accomplish The General Plan Mobility Element calls Walkability Indexes often utilize a 0-100 these goals and a spreadsheet-based MMLOS for the use of a MMLOS methodology to scale, ranking locations or nodes from Tool was developed to provide an easy-to- provide a metric for evaluating bicycle, being highly car-dependent at the low use way of calculating points for a specified pedestrian and transit modes of travel. In end, to allowing full independence on foot location. 2015, a method for evaluating bicycle and at the high end. Scores are determined pedestrian LOS was first developed as part through distance to amenities using the The MMLOS Tool generates a letter grade of the General Plan Environmental Impact roadway network, whereby increased (A through F) to reflect the quality of service Report (EIR); this EIR method was applied on distance yields a lower score. provided to a user of that mode of travel. This a broad, program level to evaluate service to grade is based on the applicable attributes of A popular Walkability Index is WalkScore pedestrian, bicycle and transit users. When the associated pedestrian, bicycle or transit (www.walkscore.com), which is commonly consultants applied the original method mode. Examples of the attributes used to used in real estate listings, and has been during the preparation of impact studies of develop the MMLOS grade for bicycle travel used in wayfinding signage for pedestrian- proposed development projects, limitations include pavement condition, posted speed oriented districts, including the City of were discovered in terms of the study area, limit, on-street parking and buffered bike Pasadena’s Old Town District. directional travel and potential inconsistent lanes. Each attribute contributes to a point interpretations of how the method should be system that corresponds to a MMLOS letter applied. grade, when the total points for all attributes are added together. A LOS D score indicates Accordingly, a more robust method was that the existing attributes provide the developed in 2018 to calculate MMLOS for minimum acceptable service for that mode. each mode and to identify a broader range The MMLOS grades are determined using of improvements that could be implemented field data related to each attribute used in the to ensure the minimum operating standard scoring criteria. would be met. As noted in General Plan Mobility Element Policy 3-P.3, the purpose The FY2018-19 Growth Management Plan of the MMLOS methodology is to provide a Monitoring report was the first time that means for evaluating impacts of individual bicycle and pedestrian travel modes were development projects, as well as monitoring Example shipping truck services used in the city monitored using the MMLOS Tool. Through the LOS for individual streets to ensure that the GMP monitoring analysis, the city

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Walkability Score identified several concerns with the initial Rideshare and Transportation Network Due to the nature of these trips – the driver results and underlying MMLOS methodologies. Companies (TNC’s) drops passengers off at the curb – there The city intends to reevaluate the is a need to manage high-volume pick-up Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) methodologies and make refinements to the and drop off locations, as well as manage such as Uber and Lyft use online platforms MMLOS Tool, in coordination with the Traffic high-volume pick-up and drop off periods. to connect passengers with drivers. Drivers and Mobility Commission. The transit travel Examples of this include defining areas where for TNCs use their own personal vehicles. mode methodology will also be revisited for passengers can be picked-up and/or dropped TNCs are one of the most recognized forms possible incorporation into the MMLOS Tool. off at the beach or curbside in front of a of shared mobility. Ridesharing involves The MMLOS methodology update will produce concert venue before and after a concert. adding additional passengers to a trip that a tool that will be consistent with the goals will already take place. Types of ridesharing and policies of the city’s General Plan Mobility Shared Mobility Devices (bikeshare and include carpooling, vanpooling and real-time Element and effectively evaluate impacts of e-scooters) or dynamic online ridesharing services. individual development projects, amendments Bikeshare and electric scooter share are to the General Plan, and be utilized as part of Uber Pool and Lyft Line allow TNC drivers components of the increasingly diverse the City’s annual Growth Management Plan to add additional passengers to a trip in shared mobility landscape. Bikeshare monitoring program. real time. This type of service is known as companies provide a pool of bicycles that are “ride-splitting” since it allows the passengers available for short-term rental. Bikeshare to split the cost of the trip. This is an area comes in a variety of forms, including dock- of continued innovation as companies based and dockless systems, as well systems experiment with other services. which are available to anyone who downloads the online application or restricted to

81 CARLSBAD SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY PLAN - DRAFT GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND EMERGING MOBILITY TRENDS

potential implementation in the future. efficiency of curb space, including for those arriving by TNC, taxi, transit, private car “Shared Use Cities” and Flexible Curb drop-off, parked car or another mode that Space requires curbside access (e.g., bikeshare, Ridesharing via Transportation Network motorcycle, etc.). Companies (“TNC”s such as Uber, Lyft, In future mobility considerations, the curb etc.) and shared mobility devices are space can serve a variety of functions and increasing the need for safe and efficient users, including commercial loading which curbside access for passengers and drivers. can be as important to users as often as In response to the growing competition passenger loading. Many cities and agencies A typical TNC service used for a variety of different trips for space, some cities are calling the are developing policies and frameworks in curbside “flex space” and starting to be response to the changing needs and uses of members of the service. The fees for use more intentional about defining curbside curb space. are assessed either on a membership basis, uses. Cities are attempting to increase the on the length of time the bicycle has been used, the distance the bicycle was ridden or any combination thereof. Bikeshare systems can be comprised of traditional bicycles or electric bicycles.

A scooter sharing system is a service, similar to a bikeshare service, in which scooters are made available for short-term rental. Usually scooter share systems are available to anyone who downloads the online application, and has an initial unlocking fee and then charges based on the length of time the scooter is used.

As of 2019, the City of Carlsbad has elected not to participate in a regional bikeshare program, but will be monitoring the effort for

People with example Shared Mobility services

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A brief discussion of potential flexible curb party providers in bulk to help evaluate trip or other capital investments until absolutely space locations and policy framework can be patterns and maximize the efficiency of necessary. found in the Carlsbad SMP Complete Streets public spaces. These datasets can take the Design Guidelines in Appendix C. form of GPS-enabled e-scooter and bikeshare E-Bikes trip logs, heavy truck trip data, as well as E-bikes are bicycles equipped with electric Mobile Technology and “Big Data” passive, location-based service metrics such motors that can either provide additional Perhaps no technology will have a greater as location, time of day, trip start and trip end power to the user pedaling or move the bike role in the development of safe, efficient and “hot spots” and trip speed. Using this data, without human assistance. Bicycle style adaptable transportation systems than the cities can more effectively manage existing e-bikes can be categorized into two types: smartphone. Throughout the country, cities right-of-way to improve decision-making powered bike (engine can generate thrust are embracing the innovation and ability to and increase the efficiency of transportation without the user pedaling) and electric assist present, retrieve and collect information networks without incurring unnecessary and bicycles (engine will only generate additional regarding how people move throughout their significant impacts such as roadway widening thrust when someone is pedaling). cities with the support of a smartphone. In California, E-bikes have been divided into While most people realize they can access three classes: real-time information on vehicle traffic conditions through smartphone applications, innovative cities are supplementing this information with comprehensive information for people walking and biking, including preferred routes to school, trail network connections, safety or bicycle maintenance tips, custom route maps and many other elements that have traditionally been paper-based or static exhibits lacking the location-specific benefits found in modern smartphones.

In addition to the benefits for residents and visitors, cities have begun to utilize anonymous location data provided by third- Electric scooters and e-bikes curb space

83 CARLSBAD SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY PLAN - DRAFT GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND EMERGING MOBILITY TRENDS

BIKE WALK SOV TAXI PRIVATE BUS/ TRANSIT SHUTTLE • Class 1 electric bicycles: A low-speed pedal-assisted electric e-bike. These bikes are equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the TRADITIONAL MODES rider is pedaling and ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 MPH.

• Class 2 electric bicycle: A low-speed throttle-assisted electric bicycle. These bikes are equipped with a MOBILE motor that may be used exclusively TECHNOLOGY to propel the bicycle and that is not capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches 20 MPH.

• Class 3 electric bicycle: A speed pedal- assisted electric bicycle. These are equipped with a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling and that ceases to provide

BIKE USER CARPOOL CARSHARE RIDESHARE DYNAMIC SHARE INFORMATION BUS LINE (Weather, Destinations, etc.)

ONE-WAY PEER TRADITIONAL TO PEER NEW MOBILITY OPTIONS

SINGLE SHARED CUSTOMER OCCUPANCY Smartphone using a Bikeshare app Source: Chen Ryan Associates, 2019

84 GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND EMERGING MOBILITY TRENDS CARLSBAD SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY PLAN - DRAFT

assistance when the bicycle reaches the local authority permits them by 28 MPH and is equipped with a ordinance. speedometer. Class 3 electric bicycles shall not be operated on a bicycle path Conceptual guidance is provided in the or trail, bikeway, bicycle lane, (more graphic from the League of American names for essentially the same thing), Bicyclists below. UNLESS it is adjacent to a roadway or

85 OCEANSIDE

MARRON

GE LA L C VI O D L A L VISTA SB E RL G A E CARLSBAD SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY PLAN - DRAFT C GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND EMERGING MOBILITY TRENDS

CK RA MA TA FIGURE 3-1 NEV ACCESSOceanside EL CA MI NO ·}78 R C EA A L Ma Rd M rron R L o S n ADAY r B o R e A A F S D t CAN OCEANSIDE NON Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEVs) d ba r rls D C a ge o C illa lle Vista V g LOMAR A Beginning in 2019, cities like the City of e E PA IRPO T B EG R l L COL Carlsbad can develop specific NEV plans SAN MARRON k rac designed to optimize the use of NEVs as a ma e MARCOS Ta Av viable mode of transportation. Because of A M V E El I E C A L the slow speed of NEVs and lack of safety G am R A in R C L o R A O I L C e A A V O al M TI S D L BLE ET features, routes of travel for NEVs are C BA L V O VISTA S E Sa E I D R OI N L r G A P R ls A b E POINSETTIA C a §5 d ¨¦ identified or designated that will make access F B ar l A ad CK ve ay in NEVs convenient, while protecting them RA Can MA non Rd from automobile traffic. TA E A n v R c d Bl A in a ge N a le San C l TIAE H s o ET L C INS CA O PO MI ALGA Marcos S Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEVs) N A N O T R A C alomar AirpC EA F o E A P rt R L A d present unique opportunities and challenges R L R M S e L ADAY l B R ro A S A Vida s F to policy and infrastructure, as they often D B am e e P C obl Ln D C a A R tia ANNO s et r N e D ins o Po

share space infrastructure with cars, and D e l

N AR PALOM AIR E sometimes with bikes and other slow modes o EGE PORT r L S t nL e CLO a O tti Rd SAN e lga R such as e-bikes and scooters. NEVs are a ns A A oi via L P ra MARCOS E Pk type with slow-speed, lightweight electric wy LA COSTA M A M V E I A L R Local Use Vehicle (LUV). NEVs are limited to R C A O A IA M BLE TT S V O SE E I DA R POI N speeds up to 25 mph and may drive only on POINSET E TIA F

A streets with speed limits up to 35 mph, as per T N A the California Vehicle Code. NEVs can cross S R O A N H IA C C ETT H INS O N roads of speed limits greater than 35 mph PO ALGA S A A N T R A

C F E A if the crossing, controlled or uncontrolled, R L S B begins and ends on a street with speed limits A celona D Bar lle Ca r ho D less than 35 mph. nc e E Legend a F S R a t O an S R L E California Regulatory Context LA COSTA M Roadways ENCINITAS

NEVs Allowed (35 mph or less) E The California Vehicle Code defines NEVs F A Encinitas T NEV Status N as a type of Low Speed Vehicle (LSV). The A NEVs Prohibited (36 mph or greater) S O NEVs Allowed (35 mph or less) H C N driver of an NEV must have a driver’s license, A NEVs Prohibited (36 mph or greater) R

Legend 0 1 2 86 0 1 2 Miles NRoENadVwEa AyVsc cAecsscess ENCINITAS Miles NEVs Allowed (35 mph or less) Source: City of Carlsbad OSource: City of Carlsbad O NEVs Prohibited (36 mph or greater) ! !

0 1 2 NEV Access Miles Source: City of Carlsbad !O GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND EMERGING MOBILITY TRENDS CARLSBAD SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY PLAN - DRAFT

be insured in the same way as a driver of a full speed vehicle, and the vehicle has to be registered with the DMV and have a VIN number. Dealers of NEVs are required to warn buyers of the risks associated with driving a vehicle without safety features. NEVs need to conform to the safety standards set forth in the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards governing the requirement for features such as seat belts and headlamps. If an NEV is modified to travel at a speed greater than 35 mph, then it is required to have all the safety equipment of a full speed vehicle.

Barring the few cases where a jurisdiction’s NEV Plan is adopted as the result of an action by the state legislature, an NEV cannot travel on roads with speed limits above 35 mph. NEVs can cross roadways with a speed limit in excess of 35 miles per hour if the crossing begins and ends on a roadway with a speed limit of 35 miles per hour or less and occurs at an intersection of approximately 90 degrees. An NEV shall not traverse intersections Conceptual alignment of a slow-speed NEV lane without traffic controls (e.g. traffic lights, (Source: LA Metro) stop signs) with any state highway, unless A local police department with primary traffic NEV Plans and Space Requirements that intersection has been approved and enforcing responsibility, or the CHP, may authorized by the agency having primary prohibit the use of NEVs on any roads under Safe NEV routes can be established through traffic enforcement responsibilities for that their jurisdiction in the interest of public a network of designated slow speed paths, crossing. safety. Any such prohibition is made effective lanes and routes on streets with speed through signs upon the roadway. limits up to 35 mph. Consideration of safe

87 CARLSBAD SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY PLAN - DRAFT GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND EMERGING MOBILITY TRENDS

crossings is key to ensuring connectivity of of 25 mph that also meet the city’s by the city Council, and, five years later, a the network. Specific signage is necessary for definition of a low-stress roadway as report back to the legislature on the safety ensuring mobility and safety for NEV routes identified in Chapter Two of the SMP performance of the network. so drivers of NEVs understand where they should and should not go, and other drivers • Class IV - Physically separated lane are also aware of the presence of NEVs. for bikes and non-NEV on-street slow modes; 35 mph roadway shared Cities throughout California are adapting by cars and NEVs (recommended 5’ the Streets and Highway Code definitions minimum in each direction) of bicycle facilities to include provisions for NEVs as “Slow Speed” networks. In cases where speed limits are over 35 mph, Typically, this can be done within the current California law would require lowering design considerations of existing bikeways, the spped limit to accommodate NEVs. NEVs although occasionally additional lane width cannot travel on roads with a speed limit of is required to accommodate NEVs. Typical over 35 mph. considerations are as follows: By preparing an NEV Plan, cities have been • Class I Slow Speed Path - Off street granted exemptions from the California multi-use path, shared by all slow Vehicle Code rule that restricts NEVs to modes (recommended 14’ width, 7’ in roads with speed limits of 35 mph and under. each direction) NEV Plans lay out the design and engineering for NEV networks - including striped lanes • Class II Slow Speed Lane - Striped, and crossings shared by NEVs on specific dedicated on-street lane on 35+mph roads with speed limits higher than 35 mph. roads shared by on-street slow modes (recommended minimum of 7’ width These planning and engineering proposals using existing bicycle lanes) require buy-in from law enforcement and Caltrans, and then are submitted by cities • Class III Slow Speed Route - Shared and Council of Governments to the state by all on-street modes (recommend legislature so lawmakers can make the using existing 10-12’ general purpose necessary additions to the California Vehicle travel lanes). Segments would ideally Code granting exemptions. The final steps run on roads with posted speed limits would be the local adoption of the NEV Plan

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