Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report

Project Number: 7106 May 2011

India: Preparing the Bihar Urban Development Project—Final Subproject Appraisal Report for Bhagalpur Water Supply (Tranche 1)

Prepared by: GHK Consulting Limited, UKG, in association with STUP Consultants P. Ltd., IND, and Castalia Strategic Advisors, USA

For Urban Development and Housing Department, Government of Bihar

This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design.

Bihar Urban Development Investment Program (BUDIP)

Subproject Appraisal Report Bhagalpur Water Supply (Tranche 1) FINAL

May 2011 3333

Urban Development & Housing GHK, UK Department

in association with Government of Bihar

Castalia

STUP Consultants Asian Development Bank (ADB)

Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

DISCLAIMER The contents of the reports are the recommendation of the consultants engaged under the project preparatory technical assistance (PPTA) by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). ADB missions subsequent to the PPTA will conduct due diligence and may modify the scope, implementation arrangements, safeguard measures and analysis. Therefore, the subsequent ADB’s official documents (such as the legal documents, the framework financing agreement, the report and recommendations of the president, the facility administration manual, the aide memoires) will supersede the contents of the reports, in case there are conflicts.

Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Acknowledgements

“Any city however small, is in fact divided into two, one the city of the poor, the other of the rich. These are at war with one another.” Plato (BC 427-BC 347) During the tenure of this assignment, help, co-operation and assistance have been obtained from a large number of individuals, government departments, local bodies, para-statal agencies, social workers, representatives of NGOs and CBOs. They have provided their valuable time and suggestions to members of the PPTA team to assist in this study. It is rather difficult to thank them individually. We express our sincere thanks to all those people collectively. Their support, encouragement and insights into the social, economic, environmental and infrastructure problems of the study area and the sector as a whole have provided an essential input into the proposals in the report. More often than not, these suggestions triggered useful discussions in shaping various projects in project towns of Bhagalpur, Darbhanga, Gaya and Muzzaffarpur for infrastructure improvement. In addition to the obviously critical technical support by the Asian Development Bank, preparation of this Report was made possible through the enthusiastic support and guidance of Shri Girish Shankar, Principal Secretary (up to February 2011) and Shri D K Shukla, Special Secretary of the Urban Development and Housing Department, Government of Bihar and the Mayors, Municipal Commissioners and their enthusiastic staff in the preparation of this PPTA report. At the very pragmatic level, Mr. Hiroyuki Ikemoto, the ADB Urban Development Economist, continues the challenge of supporting the consulting team and their enormous requests. Our thanks are also due to Shri Shashi Shekhar Sharma who guided the completion of this final report upon taking over as Principal Secretary from February 2011. Unknown to them, but the daily observation of all residents, their situations and their needs contributes the most to the exercise, and will be thanked by successfully contributing this project's results to their future.

Consultants Team S Bhattacharyya, Project Management Specialist /Team Leader John R Block, Water Sector Specialist John R Bowers, Urban Planner Vijay Tandon, Project Economist/Project Director Krishnan Padmanabhan, Financial Management & Accounting Specialist Archana S Hinduja, Urban Planner Parthajit Patra, Water Supply Specialist Tapan Banerjee, Institutional Specialist Sandeepan Choudhury, Sewerage Specialist Ardhendu Mitra , Environment Specialist Saswati Ghosh Belliappa, Social & Community Development Specialist Naval Paswan, Economist Rajeev Singh, Statistician Suresh Gupta, Procurement Specialist Sunil Kumar Goyal, Municipal Engineer Arkaja Singh, PPP Specialist P N Bhattacharya, Municipal Engineer

Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Main Report - Sub-Project Appraisal Report

Contents

1 Subproject 1 ...... 10 2 Introduction and Rationale ...... 10 2.1 Background ...... 10 2.2 Need of Project ...... 11 2.3 Actions by Government ...... 13 2.4 Sub-Project Rationale...... 15 3 Description ...... 16 3.1 Sub-Project Area ...... 16 3.2 Assessment of Existing Situation ...... 17 3.3 Objective of Sub-Project ...... 21 3.4 Sub-Project Component ...... 22 3.5 Right of Way Clearances ...... 27 3.6 Risk and Assumption ...... 27 4 Design Features ...... 28 4.1 Design Year ...... 28 4.2 Design Basis ...... 28 5 Project Cost ...... 30 5.1 Base Cost ...... 30 5.2 Contingencies ...... 31 6 Implementation Period ...... 31 6.1 Implementation Period...... 31 6.2 Procurement Method ...... 32 7 Implementation Arrangement ...... 32 7.1 Implementation Arrangements ...... 32 8 Procurement and Consultant Selection...... 32 9 Operation and Maintenance ...... 32 9.1 Asset Ownership ...... 32 9.2 Operation and Maintenance Cost ...... 32 10 Financial Analysis ...... 33 10.1 Cost Recovery Policy ...... 33 10.2 Water Demand Projections ...... 33 10.3 Costs and Revenue Projections ...... 33 10.4 Cost benefit analysis ...... 35 10.5 Financial Performance...... 37 10.6 Conclusion ...... 39 11 Economic Analysis ...... 40 11.1 Introduction ...... 40 11.2 Project Background and Rationale ...... 40 11.3 Option Assessment and Least Cost Analysis ...... 41 11.4 Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis ...... 42 11.5 Economic Analysis ...... 45 12 Environmental Assessment ...... 47 12.1 Brief Description of Environmental Impact ...... 47 12.2 Assessment of PMU, BUDP ...... 48

Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

13 Involuntary Resettlement ...... 49 13.1 Brief Description of Social (IR) Impact ...... 49 13.2 Entitlement, Compensation and Mitigation measures ...... 50 14 Indigenous Peoples Development ...... 51 14.1 Brief description of impact ...... 51 15 Attachments ...... 53 15.1 Attachment 1: Pictorial view of Ground Water quality ...... 54 15.2 Attachment 2: Design Criteria ...... 56 15.3 Attachment 3: Study on Surface Water Source ...... 65 15.4 Attachment 4: Proposal for Sub-Project Component ...... 68 15.5 Attachment 5: Details of Sites Proposed for WTP and OHT Locations ...... 83 15.6 Attachment 6: Break up of Block cost Estimate ...... 94 15.7 Attachment 7: Break up of O&M Cost ...... 99 15.8 Attachment 8: Economic and Financial Analysis of Bhagalpur Water Supply Project ...... 101 15.9 Attachment 9: Involuntary Resettlement Check List ...... 103 15.10 Attachment 10: Indigenous Peoples Impact Check List ...... 106 15.11 Attachment 11: Initial Poverty and Social Analysis ...... 110

LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Demand and Supply Gap Parameters (As in 2010) ...... 11 Table 3.1 Existing Land Use ...... 16 Table 3.2 Summary of Raw Water Abstraction ...... 23 Table 3.3 Process Parameters ...... 24 Table 3.4 Basic Parameters of Exiting WTP ...... 24 Table 3.5 Length Calculation for Distribution Pipe Lines ...... 25 Table 3.6 Power Requirement ...... 26 Table 3.7 Summary of Proposal ...... 26 Table 5.1 Summary of Cost of Block Items ...... 30 Table 6.1 Indicative time line of implementation of subproject ...... 31 Table 9.1 Operation and Maintence (O&M) Cost ...... 32 Table 10.1 Increase in Water Sales as a Result of the Project...... 33 Table 10.2 Present and Proposed Water Tariff ...... 35 Table 10.3 Affordability ...... 35 Table 10.4 Calculation of WACC ...... 36 Table 10.5 Calculation of FIRR for Bhagalpur WS Project (Rs million) ...... 36 Table 10.6 Sensitivity Analysis for Bhagalpur Water Supply Project ...... 37 Table 10.7 Summary of Financial Performance of GoB ...... 38 Table 10.8 Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation Financial Performance (Rs. Million) ...... 38 Table 11.1 Monthly user charges – Willingess to Pay ...... 42 Table 11.2 Economic Analysis of Bhagalpur Water Supply Project (Rs. Million) ...... 45 Table 11.3 Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis ...... 46 Table 11.4 Results of Sensitivity Analysis ...... 47

Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Table 14.1 Sub-project Social Categorisation: Bhagalpur Water Supply ...... 51 Table 15.1 Projected Population Distribution in Wards ...... 56 Table 15.2 Population Projection of Bhagalpur ...... 58 Table 15.3 Demand Pattern for Water Supply ...... 58 Table 15.4 Comparative Study of Pipe Materials ...... 59 Table 15.5 Design Parameter for Overhead Tank ...... 60 Table 15.6 Sample Calculation for OHT Volume ...... 61 Table 15.7 Discharge in River Ganges (Cumec) ...... 65 Table 15.8 Study on water intake sites at Sultanganj and Bhagalpur ...... 66 Table 15.9 Proposed Zoning of Distribution Network ...... 68 Table 15.10 Summary of Raw Water Abstraction ...... 69 Table 15.11 Comparative Study for Selection of Site Location ...... 73 Table 15.12 Process Parameters ...... 74 Table 15.13 Basic Parameters of Exiting WTP ...... 76 Table 15.14 Salient Features of Sludge Producing from Different Units of WTP ...... 77 Table 15.15 Pumping configuration ...... 78 Table 15.16 Salient Features of OHTs ...... 79 Table 15.17 Loacations of OHTs ...... 79 Table 15.18 Length Calculation for Distribution Pipe Lines ...... 80 Table 15.19 Details of Proposed Pipe Lines ...... 81 Table 15.20 Summary of Distribution Pipe lines ...... 81 Table 15.21 Details of Cost break-up of Project Cost ...... 94 Table 15.22 Cost of Personnel ...... 99 Table 15.23 Cost of Chemicals ...... 100 Table 15.24 Cost of Power ...... 100 Table 15.25 Total O&M Cost ...... 100 Table 15.26 Financial Projections for Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation ...... 101 Table 15.27 Financial Projections for Water Supply Account ...... 101 Table 15.28 Economic Analysis of Bhagalpur Water Supply Project (in Rs. Million) . 102 Table 15.29 Involuntary Resettlement Impact Screening Checklist-Bhagalpur ...... 103 Table 15.30 Indigenous Peoples Impact Screening Checklist ...... 106 Table 15.31 Initial Poverty and Social Analysis ...... 110

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1 Major Soil Type in Bhagalpur District ...... 17 Figure 3.2 Location of Existing WTP and OHTs ...... 20 Figure 3.3 Proposed Zoning of Distribution Network ...... 22 Figure 15.1 Ground Water Quality ...... 54

Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Figure 15.2 Demand Pattern for Water Supply ...... 59 Figure 15.3 Proposed Zoning of Distribution Network ...... 68 Figure 15.4 Schematic Diagram for WTP ...... 76

APPENDICES Appendix 1: Resettlement Plan (Separate Volume) Appendix 2: Environmental Impact Assessment (Separate Volume)

Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank AP Affected Person BOQ Bill of quantity BPL Below Poverty Line BRJP Bihar Rajya Jal Parshad BUDP Bihar Urban Development Project BUIDCO Bihar Urban Infrastructure development Corporation CBO Community-based organization CBD Central Business District CFE Consent for Establishment CFO Consent for Operation CGWB Central Ground Water Board CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation Cum Cubic meter CWC Central Water Commission CWR Clear water reservoirs DFID Department for International Development (UK) DLAO District Land Acquisition Officer DoEF Department of Environment and Fores DSC Design and Supervision Consultants DWR Department of Water Resources EAC Expert Appraisal Committee EARF Environmental Assessment Resettlement Framework EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environmental Monitoring Specialist EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESMC Environment and Social Management Coordinator GoB Government of Bihar GoI Government of India GRC Grievance Redress Committee GSHAP Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program H and S Health and safety IEE Initial Environmental Examination

Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Lpcd Litres per capita per day IP Indigenous peoples IR Involuntary Resettlement JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission LAA Land Acquisition Act kl/KL Kilo litre Km/KM Kilo meter MCM Million Cubic Meter MFF Multitranche financing facility MLD/mld Million litres per day MOEF Ministry of Environment and Forests NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NGBRA National Ganga River Basin Authority NGO Non governmental organization NH National Highway NRRP National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy NRW Non-revenue water OHT Overhead Tank O & M Operation and maintenance OHSA Occupational Health and Safety Administration OHT Overhead Tank OMC Operations and Maintenance Contractors PHED Public Health Engineering Department PIU Project Implementation Unit PMC Program Management Consultants PMU Project Management Unit RF Resettlement Framework ROW Right of way RP Resettlement Plan RS Resettlement Specialist SDS Social Development Specialist SEIAA State Environment Impact Assessment Authority SH State Highway SPS Safeguard Policy Statement Sq Km Square kilo meter STP Sewage treatment plant SWM Sold Waste Management TA Technical Assistance

Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

TDS Total dissolved solids ToR Terms of reference UDHD Urban Development and Housing Department UFW Unaccounted for water UIDSSMT Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns ULB Urban local body USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency WRD Water Resources Department WTP Water treatment plant

Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

1 Subproject 1

Name: Improvement of Water Supply system in Bhagalpur Sub-Project Location: Bhagalpur, Bihar, India Financing: Tranche 1of MFF Sub-sector: Water Supply

2 Introduction and Rationale

2.1 Background The Government of Bihar (GoB) intends to develop the basic infrastructure of prime towns of the state under the name of Bihar Urban Development Project (BUDP) and requested the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for financial assistance. The ADB to assess feasibility of such financial assistance appointed PPTA consultant to prepare an urban sector roadmap for the state along with a suitable investment plan. The Subproject Appraisal Report (SAR) has been prepared and submitted herewith for review and approval of the GoB and ADB. Bhagalpur town is a district head quarter of Bhagalpur districts situated on the southern bank of river Ganga. It comprises 51 municipal wards under a total area of 30.18 sqkm. The population (2010) of Bhagalpur is 419,000. Bhagalpur town although situated besides the mighty river Ganga faces short supply of safe drinking water. Its ground water source apart from unsustainable reserve is contaminated with arsenic and unsuitable for human consumption. With supply coverage around 81%1, the per capita availability of water is 38 litre per day2 against the required quantity of 135 litre3 for effective sewerage services. The project aims at removal of the deficiencies with rehabilitation of the existing system and augmentation by a new system sustainable for a design period of 30 years (2041). Bhagalpur town does not have a sewerage system except provision of taping the wastewater from 7 major drains and discharging it to river Ganga after treatment in a 11 mld capacity aerated lagoon. A comprehensive sewerage system is being proposed under National Ganga River basin Authority (NGRBA). The drainage system is inadequate covering about 54% of the town area with the capacity to drain the storm water to the tune of 28 cum/sec against an estimated requirement of about 115 cum/sec.4 The solid waste management is poor due to inadequate man power and equipment. As a result not more than 60%5 of the waste can be handled by the municipality. There is no sanitary landfill site for scientific disposal of the waste. There is about 221 km of roads in the town of width between 3 and 14 metre and 30 km for smaller roads.6 . Most of these roads are narrow poorly maintained and congested due to encroachment resulting slow traffic movement.

1 See Table 2.1 for calculation 2 See Table 2.1 for calculation 3 Source: Manual on water supply and treatment of Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO), Ministry of Urban Development 4 Refer Table 1.27 of Sector Report (Vol-3B) 5 As reported by Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation (BMC) 6 Source: Topographical survey conducted by PPTA for roads of 3-14 meter width. For smaller roads source is as reported by BMC.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 10 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

2.2 Need of Project The water supply system of Bhagalpur is old facing production problems. The present average per capita supply (38 lpcd) is much lower than the desired level (135 lpcd). The main reasons are : ▪ Water resource constraint - Ground water availability is limited (257 mld out of present required demand of 78.2 mld8) ▪ Detorioration of Existing facilities – 9  The current WTP design capacity is 17.3 mld but running at 12 mld due to deterioration of the plants and machineries. . 10  The existing distribution system is very old primarily laid during 1885 to 1970 , leading to leakages and transmission losses.

 The overhead tanks (OHT) are old. Oldest was contructed during year 1885. It was made of steel structure. The available capacity is 3 ML11 against requirement of 16 ML12. ▪ Inappropiate planning – 13  There is only 55 km of pipeline over the entire area covering 251 km of road length.

 No initiative for augmentation surface water abstraction.

 The distribution network is deficient in effective hydraulics. ▪ Poor O&M

 High transmission loss

 The efficiencies of pumping machinery and transformers are deteriorated ▪ Fund resource constraint - Low budget allocation for water supply rehabilitation and augmentation The Table below shows the major demand and supply gap parameters. Table 2.1 Demand and Supply Gap Parameters (As in 2010) S.No. Parameter Demand Supply Gap/ Need for the project 1 Ground water source As per CPHEEO, Ground water affected by Discard ground water, quality Permissible limit arsenic14.Traces of arsenic and go for surface for arsenic is 50 in ground water is more water microgm/lit than 50 microgm/lit 2 Surface water quality As per CPHEEO Turbid water even after Need for the Sub- after treatment permissible limit treatment in monsoon, as project is 10 NTU. No reported by public. turbid appearance

7 Source: Information Booklet of Central Ground Water Board – January 2009 8 See Table 2.1 for calculation. 9 As reported by BMC 10 Source – Draft Master Plan Bhagalpur – Vision 2027 11 As reported by BMC 12 See Table 2.1 for calculation. 13 As reported by BMC 14 Source – Bhagalpur ground water booklet by CGWB, Ministry of Water Resources, January 2009, Chapter 4.3.1

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 11 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

S.No. Parameter Demand Supply Gap/ Need for the project 3 Water production 78.2 mld (year 21 mld Need for the Sub- 15 2010) (Surface water 12 mld16 + project ground water 9 mld17) 4 System Leakage 15 %18 25%19 Need for the Sub- project 5 Delivery 66.5 mld20 (year 15.75 mld21 Need for the Sub- 2010) project 6 Per Capita Demand 135 lpcd 38 lpcd22 Need for the Sub- project 7 UFW 15%23 40%24 Need for the Sub- project 8 Reservoir capacity 16 ML25 3 ML Need for the Sub- project 9 Distribution lines 251 km 55 km Need for the Sub- project 10 Supply hours 24 hours per day 4-6 hours per day Need for the Sub- project 11 Coverage 100 % 8126 % coverage Need for the Sub- project 12 Power availability 20 hours per day 10-12 hours per day Dedicated power supply required

15 Population as on 2010 is 419000. Water demand = Population x{135 (Domestic) + 5% of Pop. (Floating) x 40 + 0.15xDomestic demand (Non domestic) + 1% of above (Fire demand)} = 66.5mld. Considering 15 % loss (as permissible in CPHEEO manual- sub- para 2.2.8.3 ) water production = 66.5/0.85 = 78.2 mld 16 As reported by BMC 17 26 TW (woking condition)* 600 lpmx10 hrs = 9 mld 18 As per CPHEEO manual- sub-para 2.2.8.3, 19 As reported by BMC 20 Population as on 2010 is 419000. Water demand = Population x{135 (Domestic) + 5% of Pop. (Floating) x 40 + 0.15xDomestic demand (Non domestic) + 1% of above (Fire demand)} = 66.5mld. 21 Surface water + Ground water = 12+9 = 21 mld, Physical loss = 25%, Water reaching to consumer = 21x0.75=15.75 mld 22 Delivery/Population = 15.75 mld x 10^6 / 419000 = 38 lpcd 23 As per CPHEEO manual- sub-para 2.2.8.3 24 UFW includes (i) Real losses (from transmission mains, storage facilities, distribution mains, connections), (ii) Apparent losses (unauthorised connections, water theft, metering inaccuracy), (iii) unbilled authorised consumption). For the case of Bhagalpur, UFW applies to (i) Real losses (defined as system leakages), ii) Apparent losses and (iii) unrealized property tax which includes water supply component. UFW is assumed as 40% in conjunction with CTA report for other similar towns of Bihar. In ideal situation when there is no apparent losses and unbilled authorised consumption, UFW = Real losses which is Syatem Leakage only. 25 Capacity requirement for 2010 = Capacity requirement for 2041* pop. of 2010 / Pop. Of 2041 = 29.718 ML (Refer Table 15.16)* 419000 / 795017 = 15662 cum = 16 ML 26 Total household connected /total household = 52071 (As reported by BMC) / 64067 = 81%

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 12 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

2.3 Actions by Government27

2.3.1 Works taken up by GoB The GoB has taken up renovation/rehabilitation works to improve the Bhagalpur water supply position as listed below. The Bihar Rajya Jal Parshad (BRJP), a subsidiary agency of PHED is implementing the works. ▪ Renovation of existing WTP at Barari at an estimated cost of Rs. 19.3 million. The scope mainly includes repair and renovation of civil structures and replacement of worn out pumping machineries in three separate treatment units as being used. The renovation is inadequate to restore the working capacity from 12mld to its installed capacity of 17.3 mld. ▪ Renovation of 2 nos Steel and 3 nos RCC OHTs at an estimated cost of Rs. 22 million ▪ Construction of 1 new OHT of 0.46 ML capacity at Gosala at an estimated cost of Rs. 8 million ▪ Construction of 26 new tubewells at an estimated cost of Rs. 27.3 million and rehabilitation of 5 existing tube wells at an estimated cost of Rs. 6.5 million. Due to fund constraint, abstraction of surface water has not been explored by BRJP. As water is one of the basic element of life, its availability is considered to be of prime importance than the quality. As ground water is readily available, although in limited quantity, the authority is inclined to abstract ground water within their limited budget to reduce quantitative demand gap, as far as possible.

▪ Laying 74 km of pipeline at an estimated cost of Rs. 159.3 million distributed throughout the town

2.3.2 Water Production and Supply

Original without BRJP works After BRJP Works

1 Ground Water

No. of tubewells 26 (working condition) 57 under operation

Yield per tubewell 600 lpm 600 lpm

Average operation 10 hr per day 10 hr per day period

Ground water 26x600x60x10/10^6= 9.36 57x600x60x10/10^6= 20.32 production mld, say 9 mld mld, say 20 mld ,.

2 Surface Water

Installed capacity of 17.3 mld 17.3 mld WTP

Working at 12 mld 12 mld

27 As reported by BRJP

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 13 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Original without BRJP works After BRJP Works

3 Total Water 9+12 = 21 mld 20+12 = 32 mld production

4 OHT capacity 1.6 ML 1.6+1.4 = 3.0 ML

5 Distribution line 55 km 74 km

6 System leakage 25% 20% (Assumed)

7 UFW 25+15 = 40% 20+15 = 35%

8 Water Supply 21 mld x (100-0.25)= 15.75 37.3 mld x 0.8 = 29.84 mld mld

9 Per capita supply 15.75 mld /419000 nos =38 29.84 mld/419000 nos =71.2 lpcd lpcd

After completion of government work following will be the gap in the system Sl Parameter Requirement Gap in the Gap Balance Remarks No. (as on year System addressed (Requirement 2010) (without by BRJP – With BRJP) BRJP works) (With BRJP – Without BRJP) 1 Population 419000 - - - 2 Ground water 78.2 mld 78.2-9 = 69.2 20-9 = 11 78.2-20 = 58.2 The BRJP work is in quanity mld mld mld progress. The ground water availability is limited to 25 mld 3 Surface water 78.2 mld 78.2-12 = 12-12=0 78.2-12 = 66.2 BRJP works not quantity 66.2 mld mld started yet. 4 Water 78.2 mld 78.2- 32-21=11 78.2-32 = 46.2 production (9+12)=57.2 mld mld mld 5 System 15% 25-15 = 10% 20-15 = 5% 25-20 = 5% Leakage 6 Delivery 66.5 mld 66.5-15.75 = 32*0.8- 66.5-25.6 = 50.75 mld 21*0.75=9.85 40.9 mld mld 7 Per Capita 135 lpcd 135-38 = 97 61-38 = 23 135 - 61 = 74 Demand lpcd lpcd lpcd 8 UFW 15% 40-15 =25% 40-35 = 5% 35-15 = 20% 9 Reservoir 16 ML 16-1.6 =14.4 3-1.6 = 16-3 = 13 ML capacity ML 1.4ML 10 Supply hours 24 24-5 = 19 0 24-5 = 19 11 Pipe line 251 km 251-55 = 74-27= 47km 251-74 = Out of 55km, 27k m 196km 177km will be replaced by BRJP and rest 28km will be replaced under

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 14 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl Parameter Requirement Gap in the Gap Balance Remarks No. (as on year System addressed (Requirement 2010) (without by BRJP – With BRJP) BRJP works) (With BRJP – Without BRJP) this proposal

12 House 64067 64067-52071 0 11996 connection = 11996 13 Metering 52071 52071 0 52071 Existing house connections only (52071) will be provided with water meter

2.4 Sub-Project Rationale From the above assessment it is clear that additional investment is needed for water supply system of Bhagalpur to address service level disparities compare to national average and national standard. It will also contribute in achieving India 11th 5 year plan target to provide potable water supply to the urban population of India by the plan period. Comparison of water supply service level indicators in Bhagalpur with respect to national bench mark

Sl. No. Proposed Indicator Bench Mark28 As in Bhagalpur 1 Coverage of water supply connection 100% 81% 2 Per capita supply of water 135 lcd 38 lcd 3 Extent of metering and water connection 100 % Nil 4 Extent of non revenue water 20% There is no direct revenue from water supply. It is included in the property tax 5 Unaccounted for water (asper CPHEEO) 15% 40% 6 Continuity of water supply 24 hrs 4-6 hrs (intermittent) 7 Efficiencies in redressal of customer 80% 20%29 complain 8 Cost recovery in water supply services 100% Nil 9 Efficiency in collection of water supply 90% Nil charges

28 Source: Handbook of service level bench marking by Ministry of Urban Development 29 As reported by BMC

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 15 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

3 Description

3.1 Sub-Project Area

3.1.1 Sub-Project Town Salient points : The Bhagalpur town geographically located at 25015‟0”N, 8700‟0”E, It is the administrative headquarters of Bhagalpur district. It is a class-I town. The town is situated at the southern bank of the river Ganga. It is one of the ancient and largest towns of Bihar. It is situated at a distance of about 225 km from state capital city Patna. It is connected to different cities and towns of Bihar by broad gauge railway lines and roadways. The Project Area considered in this report is the area covered under the present boundary of the Bhagalpur Municipality which is 30.18 sqkm. Road length of the town is 251 km, having width of 3m-4m of 109km, 4m-7m of 60km, above 7m of 52km and below 3 meter of 30 km.30

3.1.2 Economy of Town The economy of Bhagalpur is agrobased, but it also has its age old silk industry. In addition the town survives on sevice sector and manufacturing industry for the district. The annual percapita income of the town is assessed as Rs 20676.31

3.1.3 Existing Land Use Table 3.1 Existing Land Use 32 S. No. Land use Category Existing Land use Range as per UDPFI Area in Ha Land use in % guidelines in % 1 Residential 1129 37.42 40-45 2 Commercial 127 4.22 3-4 3 Industrial 214 7.10 8-10 4 Public & Semi-public 436 14.44 10-12 5 Recreational 128 4.24 18-20 6 Transport 533 17.64 12-14 7 Open land &Water bodies 449 14.88 8 Special area 1 0.04 Total 3018 100

3.1.4 Climate The period from March to June is the summer season. The cold season starts from November and lasts till January. The Monsoons last from July to September. Other months are transition months. Annual temperature varies from a maximum of 430C to a minimum of 40C.

30 Source: Topographical survey conducted by by PPTA and as reported by BMC. 31 Source: Socio-economic survey by PPTA team 32 Source: Draft master Plan Vision 2027 - Prepared by Department of Urban Development, GoB in May 2009.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 16 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

The district receives an average rainfall of 1435.02 mm per annum.

3.1.5 Topography The topography of Bhagalpur town is undulating. The ground level varies from 34m to 52m msl. The general slope is towards the river at north.

3.1.6 Soil Condition and Ground water level Figure 3.1 Major Soil Type in Bhagalpur District

The Bihar plain consists of a thick alluvial mantle of drift origin overlying in most part. The soil is mainly young loam rejuvenated every year by constant deposition of silt, clay and sand brought by different streams. This soil is deficient in phosphoric acid, nitrogen and humus, but potash and lime are usually present in sufficient quantity. Ground water level vary from 3-8m below ground level during pre-monsoon and 2-4m during post monsoon.

3.1.7 Population The present (2010) population of Bhagalpur is around 419,000 spread over about 30.18 sq.km of the municipal area.Poulation density is 138 nos/ha. Of these the slum population is 61725.33

3.2 Assessment of Existing Situation

3.2.1 Water Source: The source of water is combination of ground and surface water from river Ganga. Ground Water :  From the data of Ground Water Information Booklet of Bhagalpur - June 2009‟, utilizable ground water resources in the district of 2570 sq.km is 66994 ha.m say 670 million cubic meter (MCM)/year. In absence of present abstraction data, it is assumed that the abstraction rate is 670 MCM/year.

33 Source: DPR of IHSDP of BMC 2008.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 17 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

 Utilizable ground water resource for the purpose of potable water supply in Bhagalpur town of 30.18 sq.km area works out to be around 670 x 30.18 / 2570 = 7.87 MCM/year = 21.5mld (Assuming, the ground water distribution to be uniform throughout the geographical area of the district and there is no usage of ground water for irrigation purpose).  Assuming a reasonable amount of ground water recharge limited to 15% the total utilizable ground water resource for the purpose of potable water supply in Bhagalpur town may be estimated to 7.87 x 1.15 = 9.0 MCM/year = 25 mld (approx). Surface Water :  The surface water source is from the river Ganga flowing by northern boundary of the town.  There is unlimited availability of water in the river. Minimum average discharge in last 10 years period is 116450 mld34.

3.2.2 Population coverage and Water production The 2010 population of the Bhagalpur municipal area is 419000 with an estimated household of about 64067, of which 52071 households are connected to municipal piped water supply. Accordingly the water supply coverage for Bhagalpur town in terms of population is about 81%.

3.2.3 Water Quality Ground Water There is no ground water quality data of deep aquifers. However a zonal map of the state regarding distribution of Arsenic, Fluoride and Iron is prepared by CGWB. Pictorial view is shown below. It shows that Bhagalpur is affected by traces of Arsenic. Permissible limit of arsenic is 50 microgm/lit.35. Concentration of arsenic is however not given in the picture of CWGB but in its booklet it is stated that the concentration is more than the permissible limit. Refer pictorial view in Attachment 1. The coverage of arsenic contamination in Bhagalpur municipal area is 100 % as further shown in Attachment 1. Surface Water The major parameter of concern in the surface water is turbidity, which has high seasonal variation from 500-10000ppm36.

3.2.4 Description of Total Water Supply System Bhagalpur has an old water supply system. It was developed by British in the year 1885. Raw water was collected from river Ganges by 1 no Intake well. Later the water withdrawal system was augmented to 2 wells. Initial capacity of water treatment plant was 2.27mld, which was augmented to 17.3mld. WTP is presently running at 12mld. With increase of population it was experienced that surface water was not adequate to meet up the demand. Subsequently ground water abstraction was introduced to supplement the demand and to minimise demend-gap supply. Presently there are 57 tube wells all over municipal area of which only 26 are working. Average abstraction rate of each tube well is 600 lit/min, and working at 10 hours a day resulting in total production of 9 mld. The total water production with surface and ground water sources is therefore limited to 21 mld.

34 Refer Attachment 3 35 Source: CPHEEO Manual Table 2.2 36 Source: Draft Master Plan Bhagalpur – Vision 2027

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 18 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

The distribution system being old, has an physical loss of 25% approx. Total water reaching to the consumer is estimated to be 15.75mld, with per capita supply of 38 lpcd. About 81% consumer is connected to municipal water supply system. There is no separate identified revenue system on water consumption. Total non-revenue water is about 40%. Details of water supply components are described in following sub-chapters.

3.2.5 Intake and Water Treatment Plant  There are 2 intake wells for the existing water treatment plant. Water is extracted from the confluence of Champa nala and river Ganga. The WTP is on the southern bank of the river.  The WTP was commissioned in 1885 at Barari.  It had a slow sand filter with a capacity of 2.27 mld (0.5 mgd). This had been augmented over the years with additional capacities added periodically with 2.7 mld (0.6 mgd) mechanical filter, 5.5 mld (1.2 mgd) Peterson filter, and 9.1 mld (2.0 mgd) Jewel filter. The installed capacity in the works is of 17.3 mld (3.8 mgd ).  The actual treated water production is 12 mld.  The turbidity of the surface water exhibits a considerable variation during different periods of the year and it ranges from 500 ppm to 10,000 ppm.

3.2.6 Tube wells Salient points :  Existing tubewells under working condition - 26 nos  New Tubewells under BRJP (awarded) - 26 nos  Rehabilitation of old tubewells (awarded) - 5 nos  Total tubewells - 57 nos  Size of tubewell - 300mmx200mm size  Water yield (ground water abstraction rate) - 600 lpm  Period of operation - 10 hours per day  In addition to this, there are hand pumps installed at various locations. Most of the household have their own tube well.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 19 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

3.2.7 Power supply, Pumps and Electrical Gadgets Power Supply  Bhagalpur power supply is intermittent in nature, with 10 hours average in a day.  There is no back up generator for running of tubewell.  Pumps and Electrical Units  The tube wells are fitted with pumps and motors of varying capacity ranging from 25 HP to 50 HP.  The pumps in the existing tube wells are vertical turbine and submersible type.  The pumps yield are lower than its rated discharge

3.2.8 Overhead Tank There are 7 Overhead tanks (OHT), ranging from 0.18-0.46 ML capacity, and staging height ranging from 18m to 22m. However, only 5 are functional at present. Out of working 5 OHTs 2 are of steel. BRJP is constructing 2 new OHTs, which are considered as existing in this report. Figure below shows the location of existing OHTs. Figure 3.2 Location of Existing WTP and OHTs

3.2.9 Distribution system Salient points37 :  The present distribution system in the town has a total pipe length of about 55 Km distributed all over the town. The network is laid on the basis of decentralized water supply system covering by single or group of tube wells. The surface water is fed to the the same network. There is no defined zoning in the present network  The distribution system is of CI pipes, diameter ranging from 100 mm to 300 mm diameter.  The distribution network is very old, primarily laid during 1885 to 1970, and has leakages. The network has significant corrosion problem, and as such would require replacement.

37 Source: Discussions with BRJP and BMC

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 20 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

 The pressure head at consumer end is about 1-5 m head.  Water supply is about 4-6 hours a day.  Under ongoing works of 74km, 27 km old pipes will be replaced.

3.2.10 Public Stand Posts and Hand Pumps There are approximately 575 public stand posts (PSP). Many of the taps on PSPs are damaged resulting in large wastage of water. There are some 180 hand pumps in the municipal area.23

3.2.11 Service Coverage Municipal water supply serves about 81 percent of town population, remaining depends on in-house private tube wells.

3.2.12 Household Connection Out of the estimated 64067 households, 52071 households are connected to municipal water supply. Household connections are not metered.

3.2.13 System Leakage and UFW UFW = (i) Real losses (from transmission mains, storage facilities, distribution mains, connections), (ii) Apparent losses (unauthorised connections, water theft, metering inaccuracy), (iii) unbilled authorised consumption). Real loss is the system leakage is 25% as reported by BMC. Unauthorised connections + water theft = 15% (assumed) UFW = 25+15= 40%

3.2.14 Service Level The water supply system, in the town being very old, faces considerable problems. The service level is much below the desired level. As against the per capita supply of 135 lpcd, the present service level is 38 lpcd. The quality of water at the monsoon end is reported to be turbid. As stated earlier municipal water supply serves about 81% of the population and supply is limited to 4-6 hours per day.

3.2.15 Operation and Maintenance Operation and maintenance (O&M) of water supply is with the BMC who does not keep the details of the annual O&M costs separately for water supply. The BMC maintains the accounts for all municipal services together.

3.3 Objective of Sub-Project The objective of this sub-project is to provide potable water at 135 lpcd to 100% of Bhagalpur population on 24x7 module, at 12 m head except in specific cases having higher ground elevation where it will be minimum of 7 m.

3.3.1 Beneficiaries Total Design Population (beneficiaries) for Bhagalpur can be summed up as: ▪ 2010 – 419,000 ▪ 2015 – 469,000 ▪ 2020 – 523,000 ▪ 2026 – 590,101 ▪ 2041 – 795,017

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 21 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

The floating population at every stages considered to the tune of 5 % of the resident population will also be benefited from the project. In addition, the project will benefit the commercial and institutional establishments with 15% additional water production over the requirement for resident and floating population. Refer Attachment 2 for detail calculation.

3.3.2 Improved Service Level ▪ Per capita supply at consumer end – 135 lpcd; ▪ Supply hours – 24 per day; ▪ Qualit o f the potable water as per GOI standard ▪ Disinfected water supply at the consumer end; ▪ Pressure head – 12m at consumer end (7m at specific cases); ▪ Wholesome potable water supply to commercial and institutional units; ▪ Adequate fire fighting provisions; ▪ UFW – 15% ▪ Provision in the system to fluctuate demand pattern as and when required on emergency;

3.3.3 Service Level Standards The service level standards are elaborated in Section 4.2 Study on surface water source is given in Attachment 3.

3.4 Sub-Project Component

3.4.1 Proposed Zoning of Sub-Project Area : The town is proposed to be divided in 5 zones as shown in Figure 3.3 below. Refer Attachment 4 for detail. Figure 3.3 Proposed Zoning of Distribution Network

3.4.2 Water Source Estimated surface water requirement for 2026 and 2041 are 116 MLD and 156 MLD respectively (considering 5% treatment loss). Summary of Raw water extraction is given in table below. For detail refer Attachment 4.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 22 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Table 3.2 Summary of Raw Water Abstraction 1 Total Raw water requirement at 2026 116 mld 2 Existing Raw water withdrawal capacity (after renovation) 18 mld 3 Requirement of raw water withdrawal for 2026 (1)-(2) 98 mld 4 Proposal for new Raw water Intake for 2026 98 mld 5 Total Raw water requirement at 2041 156 mld 6 Augmentation in existing intake capacity for 2041 by 12 mld 7 Total capacity for Existing Intake for 2041 (2)+(6) 30 mld 8 Total capacity for new Proposed Intake for 2041 (5-7) 126 mld 9 Augmentation required in new proposed intake capacity for 2041 28 mld

3.4.3 Intakes – New Proposed Several different types of water intakes are in common use. An intake structure of the Jacked well type has been proposed at a distance of about 100m from the bank. Following criteria has been considered for selection of site of proposed intake location-  Concave side of the river flow having no possibility of siltation  Away from dircharging point of Champa nala carrying wastewater of Bhagalpur town (approximately 3kms). Thus dilution effect will be more and pollution effect will be less.  Availibility of water through out the year (from local enquiry)  Distance from WTP and route of raw water transmission main. Different sub-components are as follows :  Intake Wells  Vertival turbine pumps  Gates and Screens  Velocity Cap  Desiltation arrangement For details on proposed Intake refer Attachment 4.

3.4.4 Intakes – For Existing Existing Intake wells - There are two intake wells. Renovation work are required. Detail study is required for item wise renovation work. Intake Channel - The intake well is very near to the river bank. During dry season, river Ganga recedes back to about 200m from the inlet well. To ensure adequate water supply in the dry season, an inlet channel of 10 m length in each well followed by 200 m of non-metalled rubber armoured hose pipe is proposed to be constructed, as a solution, for low withdrawal rate of 18mld.

3.4.5 Raw water pumping main The pipeline is designed for a daily run of 20 hours to supply this quantity. MS pipes of 1200 mm dia is proposed at this point of study. Economic analysis of the pumping main will be done during detailed engineering stage.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 23 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

3.4.6 Treatment Plant – Proposed One treatment plant is proposed at Barari, which will be augmented in phases. Two sites of treatment plant are identified – 1) Just east of River Bridge (named as Vikramsila Setu), and 2) South of existing WTP. Total area requirement is 4 Ha Site II (south of existing WTP) is selected. The compsrative analysis between the two sites given in Attachment 4. Process parameters - The design of units of the WTP will be in conformation to the CPHEEO Manual on Water Supply. Table 3.3 Process Parameters Sl. No. Parameter Value 1 Output capacity of WTP for Stage I 93 mld 2 Output capacity of WTP for Stage II 120 mld 3 Operation of treatment unit 24 hours a day 4 Losses for WTP 5% (maximum)

Process units - The selected process treatment unit of the WTP is given in Attachment 4.: Land area - Approximate land area requirement for 120 MLD WTP will be about 3 Ha (considering presettling tank). As reported by BMC the land identified at Barari adjacent to the existing WTP is owned by a government agency.

3.4.7 Existing Treatment Plant – Renovation Proposal There are basically 3 small WTPs within the compound. It is proposed to renovate to a single water treatment plant, with proper clariflocculation and disinfection system. The execution shall start after commissioning of new proposed WTP. A Presettling tank and cascade aerator is proposed for existing plant, and designed as a single unit for the total plant. Other existing units are to be utilized with optimization. The exact renovation details will be worked out at the detailed design stage. Table 3.4 Basic Parameters of Exiting WTP Sl. No. Parameter Value 1 Output capacity of exiting WTP on renovation (after 17.3 mld commissioning of new proposed WTP for Stage I) 2 Output capacity of existing WTP after augmentation for Stage II 29 mld 3 Operation of treatment unit 24 hours a day 4 Losses for WTP 5% (maximum)

3.4.8 Clear water pumping main Clear water pumping station is proposed to be within WTP campus. The clear water pumping main from WTP is proposed for 5 zones separately. 4 zones will be from new WTP and the other from existing WTP. Total length is 47km. For detail refer Attachment 4.

3.4.9 Overhead tanks Salient points : ▪ 18nos OHTs are proposed. ▪ The OHTs will be tower type ▪ Staging height is proposed to be 26m. ▪ Capacity of reservoir is calculated from mass curve basis. ▪ The OHTs shall be of 21-25 m dia with 3.5m water depth. ▪ Minimum land area requirement for each OHT is 40mx40m.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 24 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Tentative locations of the OHTs are identified and shown in Attachment 5. The exact foot print for the OHTs shall be designed based on the particular available plot of land during detailed design stage. For detail refer Attachment 4.

3.4.10 Distribution system Salient points : ▪ Total length of roads – 251km (as per topographical survey carried out under PPTA and as reported by BMC). ▪ 15% increase in road network in the city by 2026 (assumed), which will be the smaller lanes. ▪ Under the ongoing program of PHED 74 km length of pipes will be laid. It is presumed that out of 55 km of existing pipelines about 50% or 27 km will be replaced under on-going program and remaining 28km will become redundant. Accordingly 177 km of new pipelines will be laid under the subproject. A Summary of distribution pipe lines is given below. For details refer Attachment 4. Table 3.5 Length Calculation for Distribution Pipe Lines Items Length 1 Total length of road, as on present 251 km 2 Length of existing pipe 55 km 3 Length of existing pipe to be replaced under on-going program 27 km 4 Length of remaining existing pipe (2)-(3) that will be redundant 28 km 5 Work under ongoing program including replacement of part of existing 74 km pipe lines 6 Work to be taken up under this Subproject (1)-(5) 177 km 7 Length of the existing pipe which is remaining after On-going program 0 km and to be used under this Sub-project 8 Net scope under this Sub-project (6)-(7) 177 km

3.4.11 Water Meter Connection Domestic connection - Assuming 6.54 persons per household (as per 2001 Census), number of houselolds in 2026 and 2041 will be 90230 and 121562 respectively. It is presumed that at least 5% of the total households will not be able to afford piped water connection and will depend on community stand posts or other sources of water. Accordingly number of domestic connection shall be 85719 in 2026 and 115484in 2041. Commercial connection- Domestic type water meter is proposed. Connection numbers are assumed to reach to 5000 and 10000 for the year 2026 and 2041 respectively. Water Meter – It is proposed to provide water meter under the subproject cost to the existing (2010) household connections only which is 52071, say 52000 only. Cost of water meters for subsequent connections are proposed to be borne by the consumers themselves thorugh an amicable arrangement with the municipality. Water meter for all commercial coinnections is proposed to be borne by the respective consumers. Domestic water meter is proposed to be of inferential type, multijet, magnetically coupled, having dry dial, straight reading Class B conforming to IS:779/1994, ISO 4064/1, of size 15mm. Commercial metes will be of 20mm. Community Stand Post –Considering 5% of the total household not be able to afford piped water connection, and need to depend on CSP, and presuming that each CSP will be shared by 30 house hold, nos. of CSP in 2026 and 2041 shall be 150 and 200 respectively. It is proposed to provide water meter in all CSPs at municipal cost and monitored by municipality to have control on the UFW.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 25 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

3.4.12 Power Dedicated power supply to Intake, WTP and Clear water pumping stations are required for proper functioning of the system. Power supply of 20 hours in a day is proposed. Per day power consumption breakup is indicated below. The figures are based on 2026 requirement. Cost of power transmission line from the nearest substation is considered in the estimate. It is presumed that the cost of power for operation of the system will be borne by the government. Table 3.6 Power Requirement Items Power Load per day Location to feed Raw Water Pumping station at 800 KW Adjacent to Vikramsila Bridge (east Intake side) Water Treatment Plant 460 KW Adjacent to existing WTP (south side) Clear water Pumps at WTP 1900 KW Within WTP campus Total 3160 KW Say 3.2 MW

3.4.13 Summary of Proposal Table 3.7 Summary of Proposal Sl. Major Item Salient Detail For 2026 Additional For Remarks No. 2041 1 Proposed New Jack well 2 nos, 9 m dia Nil Intake and Raw each Water Pump Intake Channel 2 nos. Each 50 m Nil House length (Av) Pump Vertical turbine – 5 Additional – 1 nos no. Pump House 1 no. NIL 2 Existing Intake Renovation of civil NIL structure Replacement of electrical mechanical components required. 3 Raw Water MS Pipe line 2.9 km, 1200 mm NIL Pumping Main dia 4 Proposed New Conventional 93 mld 120-93 = 27 Water Treatment type with Plate/ mld Plant Tube Settler 5 Existing Water Renovation to a 29-17.3 = Renovation to Treatment Plant single WTP of 11.7 mld be done after capacity 17.3mld commissioning (from 12mld to of new proposed 17.3 mld) WTP. 6 Clear Water Reservoir 40 ml NIL Pumping Station Pumps Vertical Turbine – Vertical 6 nos Turbine – 6 nos

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 26 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. Major Item Salient Detail For 2026 Additional For Remarks No. 2041 7 Clear Water DI K-9 Pipe 47 km NIL Pumping Main 8 Overhead Tank Tower Type 18 nos. NIL 9 Distribution Pipe 177 km Based on Line existing road length 10 Water Meter 52000 nos New meters for Connection existing (Class B) connections of year 2010 only

3.5 Right of Way Clearances ▪ Permission from Department of Water Resources (DWR), Government of India is required for withdrawal of 156 mld of raw water from river Ganga. ▪ Permission from Railways Department for pipe crossing at a 4 locations is required. It is for clear water transmission main from WTP to Zone V. Diameter of pipe is proposed to be 600mm to 400mm dia K-9 DI pipe. ▪ Permission from Bihar Road Construction Department for laying of pipelines on the road. ▪ Permission from DoEF/MoEF for construction of Intake well in river Ganga within the strtch of Vikramsila Dolphin Sanctuary and drawing of raw water. ▪ Transfer of all land for WTP and OHTs to the municipality.

3.6 Risk and Assumption

3.6.1 Major Risk Dolphin Sanctuary – Portion of river Ganges for a stretch of 50 km between Sultanganj and Kahalgaon is declared as Dolphin Sanctuary by the Department of Environment and Forest (DoEF), Govt. of Bihar. The intake structure for the proposed subproject falls at the mid way of the sanctuary range. A no objection certificate will therefore be necessary from DoEF to proceed with the proposed work. It is however learnt that as the DoE Fog GoB has not yet established a scrutinising committee for this purpose, the matter may be referred to the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Government of India. If the raw water withdrawal for survival of human being is not allowed for the existence of dolphin, even after taking environmental mitigation measures, then it is a major risk for the Sub- project.

3.6.2 Minor Risk Metered Connection – If households do not show any interest to accept metered connection, or metering is not introduced due to political or other reasons. Natural Hazards - Bhagalpur is in seismic zone IV. Proper measures are to be taken from structural point of view. Bhagalpur, almost entirely, falls under flood susceptible risk zone. Sludge Disposal – Sludge shall be taken by Brick industries and/or allowed for engineering filling to low lying areas. Otherwise it will be a liability to the owner. It is assumed that all the risks will be mitigated.

3.6.3 Other Issues Following are the physical surveys and investigation required for detailed design.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 27 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

▪ Topographical area of the total town showing roads and features like OHTs, pump houses, etc. (available) ▪ Area survey for OHTs and e WTP location. ▪ Bathymetry survey for Intake location. ▪ River water quality survey throughout the monsoon. Data for variation of water quality data required. ▪ Geotechnical survey – At Intake, WTP, OHT locations and sample locations on pipeline alignment. ▪ River water survey at the location of Intake. for calculation of 100 years return flood period, bathymetry survey, and modeling analysis for pinpointing location of intake structure. ▪ Study on status of aquatic bio-diversity species to dolphin.

4 Design Features

4.1 Design Year The subproject is designed for implementation in 2 phases. The one time civil structures like intake, raw water, clear water pumping mains, OHT, Clear water reservoir and distribution pipelines will be implemented in the first phase itself to fulfil the requirement of 30 years i.e 2041. The renewable civil works of WTP like clarifier, flux mixer and filters units and all equipment along with related mechanical and electrical works will be implemented in 2 phases to fulfil the requirement of 15 years - 2026 and 2041 respectively.38

4.2 Design Basis

4.2.1 Population The population analysis is based on 2001 Census and the trend value during 1961-2001. (Among the various mathematical models, usually adopted for population projections, the adopted method has been described in Volume 3A). The annual growth rate has been considered as 2.93% as on 2011, gradually reducing to 1.97% by 2041. Total Design Population for Bhagalpur can be summed up as: ▪ 2011 – 425,443 ▪ 2026 – 590,101 ▪ 2041 – 795,017

4.2.2Water Demand ▪ Domestic demand for resident population - 135 lpcd; ▪ Demand for floating population it is - 40 lpcd; ▪ Non-domestic demand - 15% of domestic demand; ▪ Fire demand - 1% of total demand. Total demand ▪ Phase I (2026) - 93.86 mld ▪ Phase II (2041) - 126.29 mld

38 Reference CPHEEO Manual

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 28 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

4.2.3 Coverage ▪ Coverage – 100 %

4.2.4 Losses in the System ▪ Treatment loss - 5% maximum ▪ Distribution and transmission loss – 15%

4.2.5 Demand Pattern The supply of water is targeted for 24x7 module, with peak factor of 2.0. (For detail refer Attachment 2)

4.2.6 Water Quality As per CPHEEO Manual

4.2.7 Distribution Lines Pipe material - There are several factors which influence the selection of pipe material. A comparison of benefit between DI, MS and HDPE pipes have been made and concluded that HDPE pipes will be used for diameter 300 mm or less (Internal diameter) and DI is recommended for more than 300mm diameter . Refer Attachment 2 for detail. Pipe sizes - Minimum diameter of pipe - 100mm. Residual head - 12m (But in specific cases, where it is not feasible, residual pressure limit may be reduced. Limit of rejection is below 7m.)

4.2.8 Structural Design Based on Seismic zone IV.

4.2.9 Pumping Main Design Hours - 20 hours Pipe size - DI K-9 pipes up to and including 600 mm diameter and MS pipes for larger sizes are proposed for this project. Velocity - The design velocity in the transmission mains and feeder mains should preferably be not less than 0.8m/s and in no case greater than 3m/s. Terminal pressure - The terminal pressure in the transmission mains at the point of discharge into various OHT reservoirs will be 2 m.

4.2.10 Water Treatment Plant The criteria for WTP water losses used in the design are: ▪ Losses for sludge withdrawal to be 0.5% to 2.0% to the raw water flow ▪ Losses for the wasting of waste back wash (WBW) drainage, from filter wash, to be 4% to 8% to the treatment plant capacity ▪ Losses for other activities to be 0.5% to 2% of the raw water flow ▪ Total Losses (including other activities) to be 5% to 12% of the raw water flow, with no recirculation of waste backwash water flow. The WBW drainage daily flow quantity fluctuates based upon the number of filters and how frequently they are backwashed. The study recommends the water losses be limited to be 5%.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 29 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

4.2.11 Intake ▪ Intake Structure – Jack well type ▪ Intake shape – Circular ▪ Minimum number of wells - 2 ▪ Method of construction – Well Sinking

4.2.12 Power Supply Power supply of 20 hours in a day is to be assumed.

4.2.13 House Connection 1 household in 1 holding consists of 6.54 persons. 1 water meter connection for 1 household is considered for this study. Domestic water meter is proposed to be of inferential type, multijet, magnetically coupled, having dry dial, straight reading Class B conforming to IS:779/1994, ISO 4064/1, of size 15mm. Commercial metes will be of 20mm.

5 Project Cost

5.1 Base Cost The cost estimate is prepared on the basis of prevailing market rates mainly for the items of pipe supply and laying, while for other units it is based on the contemporary similar other projects. The cost break-up detail is presented in the Attachment 6. The cost figure presented is for Phase I i.e 2026 demand at 2010 prices. Summary of cost for block item is given in table below. Tax and duties for material and machineries procurement at Sub-project site are included in the cost. This cost is for 2026 requirement. Table 5.1 Summary of Cost of Block Items Priority Block Items Cost (INR) PROPOSED A Land Cost 257,720,400 Power Supply To Intake and WTP 50,000,000 Survey & Investigation 5,527,600 B Water Intake And Raw Water Pumping Station - New Proposed 225,000,000 Raw Water Pumping Main 142,172,000 Water Treatment Plant – Proposed 234,871,728 Clear Water Sump And Pumping Station - New Proposed 129,226,270 Clear Water Pumping Main 863,561,700 Overhead Tank 381,420,000 Distribution System 755,793,028 C Water Meter Connection 234,000,000 D Resettlement and Environmental management & Monitoring 13,092,000 Total Base Cost 3,292,384,726

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 30 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Priority Block Items Cost (INR) Priority Block Items Cost (INR) E REHABILITATION OF EXISTING INTAKE AND WTP Water Intake And Raw Water Pumping Station 98,800,000 Water Treatment Plant 32,062,175 Clear Water Sump And Pumping Station 24,412,596 Total Base Cost 155,274,772 TOTAL (A+B+C+D+E) 3,447,659,498

5.2 Contingencies

5.2.1 Price Price contingency is assumed to be 5% per annum on compounded basis.

5.2.2 Physical Physical contingency is assumed to be 5%.

6 Implementation Period

6.1 Implementation Period Based on size and nature of the work construction period of the contracts is envisaged to be 36 months. Indicative time line of implementation of subproject is as follows: Table 6.1 Indicative time line of implementation of subproject Sl. No. Action Time Responsibility 1 Approval of SAR June 2011 ADB/GoB 2 Conducting Bathymetric survey and Geotechnical September 2011 PPTA Investigation 3 Issuance of Invitation of Consultancy Bid April 2011 EA/PMU/PPTA 4 Engagement of PMC and DSC December 2011 EA/PMU/PPTA 5 Issuance of Invitation of DBOT Bid October 2011 BUIDCO/PPTA 6 Contract Award June2012 BUIDCO/PIU/DSC/PMC 7 Commencement of contract August 2012 BUIDCO/PIU/DSC 8 Construction of Intake & raw water pumping station February 2014 BUIDCO/PIU/DSC 9 Laying Raw Water Pumping Main February 2014 BUIDCO/PIU/DSC 10 Construction of Water Treatment Plant including March 2014 BUIDCO/PIU/DSC clear water sump and pumping station 11 Construction of Overhead Tank February 2014 BUIDCO/PIU/DSC 12 Laying Clear Water Pumping Main February 2014 BUIDCO/PIU/DSC 13 Laying Distribution System February 2015 BUIDCO/PIU/DSC 14 Installing Water Meters June 2015 BUIDCO/PIU/DSC 15 Power Supply To Intake, WTP And Tube wells January 2014 EA/BUIDCO 16 Rehabilitation of existing intake May 2013 BUIDCO/PIU/DSC 17 Rehabilitation of existing WTP December 2014 BUIDCO/PIU/DSC

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 31 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. No. Action Time Responsibility 18 Completion of work components June 2015 EA/ BUIDCO/PIU/DSC 19 Completion of contract in including O&M June 2020 EA/ BUIDCO

6.2 Procurement Method The implementation of the subproject is proposed to be carried out through a single design, built, operate and maintain contract. The package will be awarded following ADB‟sInternational Competitive Bidding (ICB) method with post qualification.

7 Implementation Arrangement

7.1 Implementation Arrangements The sub-project will be implemented by BUIDCO, the Implementation Agency (IA) through its Project Implementation Unit (PIU) located at Bhagalpur. The PIU will be supported by Design and Supervision Consultant (DSC). The project implementation will be monitored by Project Management Unit (PMU) to be established under Urban development and Housing Department, the Execution Agency (EA). The PMU will be assisted by a Project Management Consultant (PMC). The PMC will mostly provide project management services and ensure quality of works, while the DSC will be responsible for reviewing/checking the detailed design and supervising the construction activities to be carried out by the DBOM contractor.

8 Procurement and Consultant Selection

PMC and DSC will be selected based on the quality and cost based selection (QCBS) procedure. The PPTA team will assist the PMU in preparing the Request for Proposal (RFP) to invite consultancy proposals and evaluation criteria for shortlisting as well as final selection of the firms. The PMU will commence the process for selection of project consultants soon after ADB‟s acceptance for the investment program.

9 Operation and Maintenance

9.1 Asset Ownership Post construction of the subproject the Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation (BMC) will be the owner of the project assets transferred by the IA as GoB grant.

9.2 Operation and Maintenance Cost Table 9.1 Operation and Maintence (O&M) Cost

Amount in Rs / year 1 Power 100,618,237 2 Chemical 35,136,098 3 Manpower 32,196,000 4 Others 13,200,000 Total 181,150,335

For detail, refer Attachment 7.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 32 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

10 Financial Analysis

10.1 Cost Recovery Policy Bihar Municipal Act 2007 empowers the urban Local bodies in Bihar to levy a water user charge (section 128) which however has not been introduced. Presently a water tax is charged as a part of the property tax (at 2 percent of the annual ratable value of the property) but does not considered as a user charge as it is levied regardless of whether the property owner has access to municipal water supply or not. The water tax is grossly inadequate and fails to recover the O&M cost of water supply. Bihar Municipal Act 2007 empowers the urban Local bodies in Bihar to levy a water user charge (section 128) which however has not been introduced. Instaed a water tax is recoverd which as a part of holding (property) tax at 2 percent of the annual ratable value (ARV) of the properties. The water tax is grossly inadequate and fails to recover the O&M cost of water supply. JNNURM (UIDSSMT scheme) guidelines provides local bodies to levy a reasonable user charge with the objective that full cost of operation and maintenance or recurring cost is collected within next seven years. To achieve this it is imperative that local bodies introduce a sepater water user charge as empowered under the BMA, fully considering an equitable tarrif structure, including the urban poor. The project water supply assets will be transferred to Bhagalpal Municipal Corporation (BMC) by GoB upon completion as grant from state government. GoB will be responsible for repayment of loans, financial charges and associated risks.

10.2 Water Demand Projections Future incremental water supply and demand are based on the increased water availability as shown in the table below. Increased consumption results from increased water volumes as a result of the system improvements. Expansion of tertiary networks allows additional connections and as part of poverty alleviation households sharing a connection will be provided with their own connection. Overall by 2020 the project is expected to increase water availability by 23.5 million cum per annum. Table 10.1 Increase in Water Sales as a Result of the Project Year 2011 2015 2020 Water production cum/day 19,100 77,400 83,700 Total per annum 000cum/yr 6.968 27,851 30,555 UFW (from 40 percent in 2010) 40 percent 20 percent 15 percent

10.3 Costs and Revenue Projections

10.3.1 Project Financial Analysis The financial analysis of the Bhagalpur water supply has been carried out in accordance with Asian Development Bank‟s (ADB) Financial Management and Analysis of Projects39. All financial costs and benefits have been expressed in constant December 2010 price levels. Cost streams used for the purposes of financial internal rate of return (FIRR) determination, i.e. capital investment and operations and maintenance, reflect costs of delivering the estimated benefits. The tariffs for water sales used to estimate the net financial benefits for the project are part of the financial improvement action plan to be adopted by BMC and are assumed to be effective from 2017. The water tariff will result in an estimated weighted average tariff for domestic consumers of Rs.7/m3 upon introduction

39 ADB. 2006. Handbook for Borrowers on the Financial Management of Analysis of Projects. Manila.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 33 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

of water metering by 2017. The volumetric water user charge will replace the currently levied water tax. The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) was calculated based on project financing and compared with the project FIRR to ascertain the financial viability of the Bhagalpur water supply project. The sensitivity of the FIRR to adverse movements in the underlying assumptions was also assessed. Based on this analysis, it is concluded that the Bhagalpur water supply project is financially viable.

10.3.2 Project Assumptions Following general assumptions are adopted for the project analysis: (i) All costs are expressed in December 2010 prices. (ii) Pipes and fittings are assumed to have a useful economic life of 30 years after construction. The Project is analyzed over a 25-year period 2011 to 2035- accordingly residual values calculated at 30 percent of the capital cost are assumed in year 25. (iii) Capital expenditures include all costs, less price contingencies; capital expenditures are recorded at the time they are incurred, while interest and finance charges are excluded. The value of benefits arising from water sales was calculated by multiplying the volume of water sold each year by the proposed tariffs used for each year in constant prices (iv) The cost estimate considered for financial and economic analysis for the project is shown in the Section 5.1. (v) Water losses or Non Revenue Water (NRW) in the project area is assumed at 40 percent in the without project situation, reducing to 20 percent by 2015 and 15 percent by 2020 in the with project situation. (vi) The implementation period is 48 months. It is assumed the process will commence in the year 2013 and will be completed by year2016. The phasing of project implementation period is assessed as 10 percent, 20 percent, 30 percent and 40 percent respectively over the period 2013 to 2016. (vii) The weighted average cost of capital employed in the financial analysis is set out below and is estimated at 2.6 percent. (viii) Collection efficiency has been assumed as 80%

10.3.3 Capital Costs and operating Costs Cost streams used for the purposes of financial internal rate of return (FIRR) determination, i.e. capital investment and operations and maintenance, reflect costs of delivering the estimated benefits. The estimated cost of Bhagalpur water supply project is Rs. 3,611 million excluding price contingencies at december 2010 prices. Further investments to the extent of Rs.257 million, at December 2010 prices, will be required subsequent to 2026 for meeting the service requirement till 2041. The Operating and maintenance costs for the Bhagalpur water supply project are assessed at Rs. 181.1 million at full capacity utilisation (110 mld) in 2026 which works out to about 4.5% of project capital costs. Break up of operation and maintenance costs is as under: Staffing Rs. 32.2 Million Energy Rs. 100.7 Million Chemicals Rs. 35.1 Million Repair and Maintenance Rs. 13.2 Million Total Rs. 181.1 Million

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 34 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

10.3.4 Additional Sales under the Project – Water Tariff In order to sustain the operation and maintenance cost of the water supply from the year 2016-17, there is requirement to introduce volumetric water tariff. Revenues over the forecast period are based on the proposed tariffs effective 2017 for Domestic and Non-Domestic customer classes as shown in Table 10.2. These tariffs will increase by 1.5 percent over the years‟ inflation. Table 10.2 Present and Proposed Water Tariff

Consumer Category Unit price (Rs/m3) 2011 2015 (proposed) Domestic Households Up to 10m3/household/month NA 3.0 11m3 – 20m3/household/month NA 6.3 21m3- 30 m3 / household/month NA 15.0 Average Tariff(26 m3/hh/month) NA 7.0 Commercial NA 14.0

1/Consultant estimate

10.3.5 Affordability Analysis The impact of new volumetric tariff and yearly revisions proposed for improved water supply on the household expenditure, as proxy for household income, was assessed. The details are shown in the following table. Proposed new charges and tariff revisions will be within the household affordable income limit of (4 percent) for water supply. Table 10.3 Affordability

HH Mean Income Group Expenditure* 2016 Water usage 2017 Water Charge at 2010 prices Rs./year Group Rs./Month M3/Month Rs./Month % of Income HIG 18,229 40 443 2.4 percent MIG 10,658 30 243 2.3 percent LIG 6,409 20 93 1.4 percent BPL/Poor 3,351 10 30 0.9 percent * Source: PPTA Household Survey November 2010- HH expenditure taken as proxy for income

10.4 Cost benefit analysis

10.4.1 Weighted Average Cost of Capital To compute the weighted average cost of capital, WACC, it is assumed that the financing sources would consist of equity contributions from GoB, and an ADB foreign currency loan (OCR) in US$ at the OCR rate plus ADBs margin plus spread of 0.4%40. For the purposes of the calculation of WACC the rate adopted is the 5 year forward LIBOR resulting in an interest rate of 2.9%. It is assumed that the repayment period would be 25 years including a five year grace period. GoI would re-lend the funds from ADB on back-to-back financing terms to GoB.

40 ADB News Release 12 April 2010: ADB Revises Charges on Sovereign Loans

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 35 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

The cost of Government equity is based on a 2010 average yield on GoI bonds estimate at 9.0%. Other assumptions are international inflation of 0.80% for the determining the real cost of the OCR loan to GoB relent in US$. Table 10.4 Calculation of WACC

ADB Loan GOB Financing Total Amount US$ m Weighting 70.00% 30.00% 100.00% Nominal Cost 2.90% 9.0041% Tax Rate 0.00% Tax Adjusted Nominal Cost 2.90% 09.00% Inflation Rate 0.80% 5.00% Real Cost 2.08% 3.81% Weighted Component of WACC 1.46% 1.14% 2.6%

10.4.2Financial Internal rates of Return The financial analysis carried out based on the proposed affordable water tariff and to recover additional O&M cost associated with increased water demand shows that the average water tariff fully covers the incremental O&M costs of water supply (Rs. 8.1/ cum). This results in a negative project financial internal rate of returnof 2.0 percent. Revenues are more than the operation costs with resulting surplus available to meet the additional investment requirements post FY 2026. Cash inflows (derived from revenues from water sales at proposed tariffs) for Bhagalpur water supply project fully covers the operation and maintenance costs and internal reserve for the additional investment requirements beyond 2026, indicating that the proposed project is financially viable. The FIRR calculation is set out in Table 10.5. Table 10.5 Calculation of FIRR for Bhagalpur WS Project (Rs million)

Year Capital Operating Cost Project Revenues Net Cash Flow Expenditure 2013 361.1 (361.1) 2014 722.3 (722.3) 2015 1,083.4 17.79 (1,065.6) 2016 1,444.5 12.92 (1,431.6) 2017 154.76 163.74 9.0 2018 156.21 167.51 11.3 2019 157.72 175.38 17.7 2020 162.85 189.14 26.3 2021 163.67 193.80 30.1 2022 164.54 201.01 36.5 2023 166.76 208.48 41.7 2024 169.02 216.24 47.2 2025 171.22 223.94 52.7

41 Reserve Bank of India publication - Month-end Yield to Maturity of SGL Transactions in Central Government Dated Securities for 20 year maturities.

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Year Capital Operating Cost Project Revenues Net Cash Flow Expenditure 2026 175.72 232.06 56.3 2027 178.03 240.46 62.4 2028 180.38 249.16 68.8 2029 182.78 258.18 75.4 2030 185.24 267.53 82.3 2031 187.62 276.85 89.2 2032 190.06 286.59 96.5 2033 192.54 296.68 104.1 2034 195.07 307.12 112.0 2035 195.07 311.86 116.8 2036 195.07 314.43 119.4 2037 195.07 319.15 1,207.5 RV (1083.4) AIFC 16.14 Rs./cum FIRR (2.0%) NPV (1877.0) Rs million WACC 2.6%

10.4.3 Sensitivity Analysis Separate analyses were carried out to examine the sensitivity of the FIRR and financial net present value to adverse changes in key variables. The variables considered for the sensitivity analyses were, (i) a 10 percent increase in capital costs, (ii) a 10 percent increase in O&M costs, (iii) a 10 percent decrease in benefits, (iv) a combination of (i) to (iii), and (v) a one year implementation delay. All results (Table 10.6) are negative. Table 10.6 Sensitivity Analysis for Bhagalpur Water Supply Project

Sensitivity Analyses FNPV FIRR SI SV Percent Rs m Percent percent Percent Base Case (1877.0) (2.0) Capital +10 (2154.4) Negative Negative Negative Operating +10 (2130.1) Negative Negative Negative Benefits -10 (2219.8) Negative Negative Negative All the above Negative One year delay Negative WACC 2.6 FIRR = Financial Internal Rate of Return FNPV = Financial Net Present Value SI = Sensitivity Indicator (ratio of percentage change in NPV to the percentage change in a variable) SV = Switching Value (percentage change in a variable required for the NPV to become zero)

10.5 Financial Performance

10.5.1 Past Financial Performance Financial Performance of the Government of Bihar (GoB) for the past five years is given in Table 10.7. State revenues as a percentage of Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) has

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 37 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

more or less remained same at around 18% in FY2009-10. Fiscal deficit, which was 4.7 percent in FY2005-06, has decreased to 1.9 percent in FY2008-09, increased to 6.7 percent in FY2009-10. Debts outstanding as a percentage of GSDP which was highest at 53.4 percent in the FY 2005-06 decreased to 35.6 percent in FY2009-10. Table 10.7 Summary of Financial Performance of GoB

S.No. Particulars 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 CAGR REVENUE 1 12,456 15,714 178,367 230,832 282,100 329,800 378,690 20.7% RECEIPTS 2 Tax Revenue 10,518 12,465 139,817 173,248 218,520 238,650 262,950 17.1%

3 Non-tax Revenue 1,938 3,250 38,550 57,584 63,580 91,150 115,740 31.6% CAPITAL 4 7,930 7,641 38,212 23,653 16,380 59,390 56,030 10.0% RECEIPTS 5 Recovery of Loans 10 15 509 74 260 110 290 -13.1%

6 Other receipts 820 1,654 18 32 4,680 1,400 14,010 427.5% Borrowings and 7 7,100 5,972 37,685 23,547 11,440 57,880 41,730 2.6% liabilities 8 TOTAL RECEIPTS 20,386 23,355 216,579 254,485 298,480 389,190 434,720 19.0%

9 EXPENDITURE 28,203 26,684 198,399 257,962 296,620 349,440 471,850 24.2% On revenue 10 12,711 14,638 177,560 205,850 235,580 285,080 376,800 20.7% account, of which Interest payments 3,343 3,474 36,489 34,161 37,070 37,960 41,710 3.4%

11 On capital account 15,492 12,045 20,839 52,111 61,040 64,360 95,050 46.1% TOTAL 12 28,203 26,684 198,399 257,962 296,620 349,440 471,850 24.2% EXPENDITURE Revenue Deficit (1- 13 -255 1,076 807 24,982 46,520 44,720 1,890 14) Source: State Budget

10.5.2 Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation (BMC)– Financial Performance Financial Performance of the BMC for the last five years is given in Table 10.8. BMC‟s own income, on an average, contributed 28 percent to the total revenue. Grants from Government, viz., Octroi compensation, State Finance Commission etc., accounted for the balance 72 percent of the average revenue income. On the expenditure side, salary and related expenses comprised of 77 percent of BMC revenue expenses. Table 10.8 Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation Financial Performance (Rs. Million)

Item 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 CAGR % Income A Income from Taxes 25.3 20.8 29.7 20.0 32.6 6.5 1 Holding Tax 7.0 5.6 8.1 5.5 8.9 6.4 2 Water Tax 5.6 4.5 6.5 4.3 7.1 6.4 3 Latrine Tax 5.6 4.5 6.5 4.3 7.1 6.4 4 Other Taxes 7.2 6.1 8.6 5.8 9.4 6.8

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Item 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 CAGR % B Non Tax Income 3.2 16.1 16.7 13.0 47.4 96.3 1 Registration Fees 0.0 12.0 10.9 8.7 36.8 45.3 2 Rent from Properties 2.1 2.2 1.3 0.4 3.1 10.3 3 Other non-tax revenue 1.1 1.9 4.6 3.9 7.6 60.7 Total Own Revenue C Income A+B 28.5 36.9 46.4 33.0 80.0 29.4 D Government Grants 54.6 57.5 41.9 104.4 313.6 54.8 1 Revenue Grant 25.4 0.0 29.1 42.0 70.5 29.1 2 Other Grants 29.2 57.5 12.8 62.4 243.1 69.9 E Total Income 83.1 94.3 88.3 137.4 393.6 47.5 Expenditure F Revenue Expenditure42 72.0 47.6 56.9 78.6 136.5 17.4 1 Salaries and Allowances 36.8 42.9 50.3 73.5 96.6 27.3 2 O&M 32.2 2.7 3.1 3.2 24.0 -7.0 3 Other expenses 3.0 2.1 3.5 2.0 15.9 51.3 G Capital Expenditure 20.7 26.3 26.3 10.5 296.2 94.5 H Total Expenditure 92.7 73.9 83.2 89.2 432.7 47.0 I Revenue Surplus / -18.1 -10.7 18.6 -3.7 14.0 (Deficit) (C+D1-F)

Source: Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation Accounts

10.5.3 Projected Financial Forecast – Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation Based on the proposed water tariff and following other assumptions for revenue mobilisation, financial statement for BMC and separately Water Supply account for 25 years is presented in Table 15.26 & Table 15.27 of Attachment 8.  Growth in property / house tax income has been based on the projected increase in the number of properties by 1 percent per annum and the revision of assessable value by 100 percent in the year 2012-13 followed by increase of 30 percent once in every 4 years;  Other taxes are assumed to grow at 1 percent per annum;  Income from municipal properties is assumed to grow at10 percent per annum;  Grants from Government of Bihar are assumed to increase 8.5 percent per annum43  All expenses are assumed to increase by 10 percent per annum; and  Upon project completion, water supply assets will be transferred by the PMU to BMC as capital grant from the State government.

10.6 Conclusion Water supply project is viable with financial cash flows covering the operation and maintenance cost and additional investment requirements post FY 2026.

42 Break-up of expenditure by activity is not maintained by BMC - water supply, solidwaste, drainage etc. 43 GoB revenue grants have grown by 29 percent (CAGR) in the last five years.

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Sustainability analysis shows that with the implementation of the financial improvement action plan with regard to new volumetric water tariff and subsequent increases thereafter in water supply onwards and property tax reforms etc., the BMC will be able to sustain the operation and maintenance cost and additional investment requirement beyong FY2026 of Bhagalpur water supply project.

11 Economic Analysis

11.1 Introduction The main objective of Bhagalpur water supply sub-project evaluation is to determine various aspects of economic feasibility including an analysis of rational use of resources and the expected benefits. In principle, following aspects of the proposed sub-projects have been considered: (i) Consistency of sub-projects with Government of Bihar (GoB) sector policies and priorities, and within the overall infrastructure development plan for the specific ULB; (ii) Consistency with overall broad strategies of the Bank (ADB) in environmental protection and social protection in urban development sector; (iii) Review of proposed investments, life-cycle cost, phasing, implementation schedules and determination of economic costs; (iv) Analysis of potential economic benefits; and (v) Overall economic cost-benefit analysis in terms of economic internal rate of return (EIRR) and economic net present value (ENPV) of the proposed investments. The objective of economic evaluation, broadly, is to determine whether the project is an economically worthwhile investment proposal and whether it should be taken up for implementation. Economic evaluation is based on an analysis of economic costs and benefits over a fixed analysis period, „with‟ and „without‟ the project scenario. The predominant cost is the cost of construction of the facilities, followed by maintenance and operation costs. All costs and benefits are valued in monetary terms and expressed in economic prices to reflect the true resource cost to the economy. The results are expressed in terms of Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) and Net Present Value (NPV). The economic analysis of the Bhagalpur water supply project has been carried out in accordance with ADB‟s Guidelines for Economic Analysis of Projects and for the Economic Analysis of Water Supply Project based on the primary and available secondary data. Economic benefits arise from increases in improved water supply to both existing and new domestic and commercial customers, while a reduction in water losses in the project areas allows more water to be available and/or a reduction in pumping, chemical and O&M costs as less water production is required for the same level of sales.

11.2 Project Background and Rationale Details of project scope and rationale is given in section 2. Water supply and sanitation is a State subject in India and State/Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are vested with constitutional right for planning, designing, implementing, and operation and maintenance of water and sanitation projects. The Union Ministry provides technical assistance to States/ULBs in project formulation. National Water Policies provide guidelines on priority of allocation, methods of management, resource management and institutional issues, emerging approaches and trends. Due to lack of political will and

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inadequate regulatory framework, private sector role has been limited to O&M, service delivery and billing and collection. This project is proposed by GoB in line with its objectives and responsibilities of providing water to people of Bhagalpur keeping the option of engaging private sector in selected functions. The project will be: (i) beneficial for Bhagalpur by supporting urban development and economic growth; (ii) positive for overall public health, sanitation and the well being of the beneficiaries; and (iii) by reducing losses provide opportunities to relieve the environmental stress on local groundwater resources, and surface water resources. The Government‟s strategy focuses on (i) developing new water sources; (ii) protecting existing sources by controlling industrial and residential pollution in rivers, (iii) controlling over extraction from groundwater resources; and (iv) improving demand management with the introduction of water saving technology, more efficient operations, and the adoption of appropriate pricing mechanisms.

11.3 Option Assessment and Least Cost Analysis The water supply project proposed interventions are the appropriate options catering to provision of drinking water to 95 percent population by 2020; reducing the non-revenue water losses and better service delivery. Least cost analysis has been done for major components of this project and presented in Tables 15.4 15.8, 15.11 and 15.14 of this report. The water supply project proposed interventions are the most economical option for meeting effective demand, in terms of scale, location, technology and timing catering to provision of drinking water to 95 percent population by 2020; reducing the non-revenue water losses and better service delivery.

11.3.1 Project Assumptions For the economic analysis of the Bhagalpur water supply project, the following general assumptions are adopted: (i) All costs are expressed in December 2010 prices. (ii) The Project is analyzed over a 25-year period 2011 to 2035. Accordingly residual values are assumed in year 25 for project assets. (iii) The real opportunity cost of capital employed in the economic analysis is assumed to be 12 percent, and represents the economic opportunity cost of capital (EOCC). (iv) Capital expenditures include all costs, less taxes and duties (12.5 percent) and price contingencies but physical contingencies are included because they represent real consumption of resources; physical contingencies have been taken as 5 percent for civil works and equipment; capital expenditures are recorded at the time they are incurred, while interest and finance charges are excluded. (v) A standard conversion factor (SCF) of 1.0444 is assumed. [Balance of trade calculated as four years average receipts of export and import divided by total export, import and custom duties]

44 (see note)

Balance of Trade – GoI Rs. Million 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 2005-06 RE Actual Actual Actual

a) Exports 7,669,340 6,558,640 5,717,790 4,564,180 b) Imports 13,055,030 10,123,120 8,405,060 6,604,090

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(vi) It is assumed that there are no significant distortions in the wage rates for skilled labor. The existence of unemployment and underemployment for unskilled workers within the Indian economy means that the opportunity cost of unskilled labour can be considered to be lower than its wage rate - a conversion factor of 0.75 is used to estimate the shadow wage rate. (vii) Water losses or Unaccounted For Water (UFW) in the subproject area are assumed at 40 percent in the without project situation, reducing to 15 percent by 2020 in with project situation. (viii) Average household dwelling size assumed in the analysis is 6.5 with household water consumption assumed at 57 lpcd in the “without” project case, increasing to 135 lpcd “with” the project from piped sources. (ix) The economic analysis was based on data/information from the SAR. Project information has been procured on the following: capital costs of improvement, annual operating and maintenance (O&M) costs of improved infrastructure, forecasts of demand for usage of infrastructure services, supply characteristics of infrastructure networks and services delivery, and socio-economic parameters related to economic evaluation.

11.4 Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis

11.4.1 Water Demand Projections Future incremental water supply and demand are based on the increased water availability. Increased consumption results from increased water volumes as a result of system improvements. Expansion of tertiary networks allows additional connections and as part of poverty alleviation households sharing a connection will be provided with their own connection. Overall on completion in 2017 the project is expected to increase water availability by an additional 19.6 million cum per annum and 23.5 million cum per annum by 2020.

11.4.2 Willingness to Pay The findings of survey, conducted in November 2010, with regard to the willingness to pay for improved level of water supply is presented in Table 11.1. Table 11.1 Monthly user charges – Willingess to Pay Monthly amount Number of Weighted Monthly Collection Efficiency willing to pay (Rs.) respondent amount (Rs.) (%) 0 362 0 50 273 13,650 75.4% 100 138 13,800 38.1% 150 45 6,750 12.4% 200 7 1,400 1.9% 250 0 0 0.0%

c) 3. Customs Duties 847,100 720,290 628,190 466,450 AD-HOC STANDARD CONVERSION FACTOR d) (a+b)/(a+b+c) 0.961 0.959 0.957 0.960 e) (1/d) 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 Source: Reserve Bank of India

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A sample of 362 was selected for the survey by adopting accepted sampling method45. Survey findings revealed that 46.2% of connected households and an overwhelming 98% of unconnected households were willing to pay for improved level of service. Wheras, the median willingness to pay for connected households was Rs.75/month, the median willingness to pay amongst the unconnected households was lower, Rs. 50/month. Government can, at tariff of upto Rs. 50 per month per HH, achieve the collection efficiency of 75% and maximum revenue, at tariiff upto Rs. 100 per month per HH, albeit at lower collection efficiency of 38%. At proposed lifeline tariff, the burden of water charge on poor will be lesser than willingness to pay.

11.4.3 Economic Benefits Following alternatives are considered for the economic analysis. A. Without Project Situation is the situation assuming no improvement takes place and the existing situation prevails B. With Project Situation is with the improvement option with a definite beneficiary population. Under the project the existing ground water source will be discontinued with surface water source. In addition the existing intake wells and water treatement plant will be rehabilitated under the project. Thus 100 percent of the connected households, both existing and new consumers, will be benefitted under the project. Economic benefits arise from increases in improved water supply to both existing and new domestic and commercial customers, while a reduction in water losses from an estimated 40 percent to 15 percent in the project zones allows more water to be available in these and other areas of the city and/or a reduction in pumping, chemical and O&M costs as less water production is required for the same level of sales. Health benefits will also arise from households using clean potable water rather than needing to resort to the use of polluted groundwater for their water requirements. Households without a connection and relying on others sources for their water supply needs will benefit from lower cost water piped supplies. As a result, household will benefit from reduction in costs and time involved with collecting and maintaining non-piped sources, avoidance of the costs to boil and filter and store water, and reduced risk of water borne pathogens in non-piped sources, i.e health benefits. In addition, as the result of the convenience and lower cost of piped sources and the likely improvement in sanitation practices with more water available, overall water consumption is expected to increase. For households with a connection, benefits associated with the improvement in distribution services include the provision of a 24 hour service in areas currently experiencing interrupted service, improvements in system pressure, increased security of supply, improved drinking water quality, and reduced risk of exposure to water borne pathogens in delivered tap water. Subproject zones suffer from water stress and the need to store water when supply is available. Indirect benefits of a 24 hour service for domestic beneficiaries include the elimination of costs incurred to cope with the interrupted water supply service and enhancement of the quality of life and economic productivity. Non-domestic water supply customers, will benefit financially due to an improved supply without the need to pump and store water or to use more costly tanker supplies. In time the increased availability of piped water should also lead to a large scale reduction in

45Sampling Methodology:The multi-stage stratified random sampling method was adopted to determine the distribution of households, taking care to ensure representation of wards in different zones of the city. Three zones (core city, intermediate zone, and peripheral zone) were segregated based on density parameters. Sample households were selected from a stratified sample of electoral wards within each zone, based on landuse and population characteristics. The number of samples selected from each zone/ward was based on the proportion of resident population in the same. Random selection of samples from selected core, intermediate and peripheral wards was then undertaken to avoid any bias in sampling. Random selection of households also helped ensure that the sample was representative and allows generalization of findings.

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groundwater use as existing supplies become more polluted and saline and non-domestic users transfer to piped supplies. The economic analysis and calculation of benefits was based on results from the household survey and the costs and time involved in obtaining water in the without project situation compared with piped water supply. While households indicated that time involved in collecting/fetching water on average was modest - some 26 minutes per day, this does not include the time spent pumping water, storing water in tanks and buckets in the house compared with having a piped connection. In addition those households with a piped connection also store water and often use electric pumps to collect water from the mains, with most willing to pay more for improved pressure and quality. Survey data indicated that on average non-piped households collected water from various sources. For a dwelling of 6.5 persons average consumption was some 11.1 cum per month (57 lpcd). In many cases households purify water, filter and boil (30 percent) for drinking purposes. The cost of the water consumption in the “without” project situation that is displaced by piped water supply results in resource cost savings. Normally, the convenience of piped water source also results in a greater use of piped water than that used in the “without project” situation. At the same time improved sanitation practices will lead to increased water use. This additional water consumption is incremental consumption induced by piped water supplies as a result of lower costs and other positive externalities (such as improved hygiene practices and greater convenience). The resource costs of water in the “without” project situation is an indication of the willingness to pay for the quantity of water consumed. Average resource cost savings generated from the household Socio-Economic survey relating to water was estimated as Rs.828 per month per household as under: (i) Water purification cost saving based on average expenditure per household as cost of purification and 20 minutes time spent on purification of water – Rs.15; (ii) Time savings resulting from water collection - this on an average assumed at 26 minutes per day per household, and is quantified using the opportunity cost of unskilled urban labourer based on minimum wages – Rs 154; (iii) Saved health expenditure – doctor fee and medicine - Rs.388 (40% of total HH health expenditure). (iv) Saved work days lost as a result of water borne diseases - Rs. 222. (v) Tanker / bottled water purchase - Rs 10, and (vi) O&M costs of pumping water – Rs 39. In additon, one time cost saving for storage tank (Rs. 4,000) has been considered for new households conneting to improved piped water supply. Other benefits namely public cost of treating water borne diseases due to poor environmental sanitation and gains on businesses, industries and tourism and tourist- related businesses have not been quantified for want of adequate data and quantification techniques. These qualitative benefits along with the quantifiable benefits discusses above, the proposed water supply system will tend to provide better living condition in Bhagalpure.

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11.5 Economic Analysis Economic feasibility analysis focuses on Identification and quantification of the implied project cost and benefit components, economic feasibility analysis; and sensitivity analysis. The analysis was conducted at December 2010 prices. The project EIRR has been calculated using discounted cash flow methods. The detailed cost and benefit schedules on which the results are based are presented in Table 11.2 followed by details of cost benefit analysis in Table 15.28 of Attachment 8. Table 11.2 Economic Analysis of Bhagalpur Water Supply Project (Rs. Million)

Year Economic Cost Economic Benefits Net Cash Flow Storage Tank Resource Cost Total cost Saved Savings46 2013 299 0 0 0 -299 2014 599 0 0 0 -599 2015 898 9 23 32 -866 2016 1,198 9 44 53 -1,145 2017 136 21 686 707 571 2018 137 6 708 714 577 2019 139 7 730 737 598 2020 143 13 770 783 640 2021 144 4 787 791 647 2022 145 4 804 808 664 2023 147 5 822 826 680 2024 149 5 840 844 696 2025 151 5 857 862 711 2026 154 5 875 880 725 2027 157 5 894 898 742 2028 159 5 912 917 759 2029 161 5 932 937 776 2030 163 5 951 956 793 2031 165 5 970 975 810 2032 167 5 990 995 828 2033 169 5 1,009 1,015 845 2034 171 5 1,030 1,035 863 2035 171 5 1,050 1,056 884 2036 171 5 1,071 1,076 904 2037 -727 5 1,071 1,076 1,803 NPV 1225 Rs million EIRR 18.3%

A sensitivity analysis was undertaken in order to test the robustness of the economic results. The following changes in parameters and assumptions were analyzed: (i) A capital cost overrun 20 percent;

46 Includes time savings, saved health expenses, saved purification costs and o&m costs of pumps

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 45 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

(ii) Increase in O&M cost by 20 percent; (iii) Decrease in benefit components by 20 percent; (iv) Worst case scenario of combined effect with cost (capital and O&M) increase by 20 percent and benefit decrease by 20 percent, and (v) One year delay in implementation As part of the Sensitivity Analysis, switching values (SV) were estimated for each of the five scenario above. The switching value is, by definition, the reciprocal of the sensitivity indicator and measures the extent of change for a variable which will leave program decision unchanged. A sensitivity indicator (SI) summarises the effect of change in a variable on the project net present value (NPV). The SI is calculated as the ratio of percentage change in the NPV to percentage change in a variable. A high value indicates project sensitivity to the variable. Given the complexity of estimating country-specific economic opportunity cost of capital (EOCC), a discount rate of 12 percent in constant economic prices was used as a proxy for EOCC. The economic internal rate of return (EIRR) is compared with the economic opportunity cost of capital. As part of the economic feasibility analysis, the following feasibility parameters were worked out in Table 11.3. Table 11.4 presents results of sensitivity analysis. The project is found to be economically viable in the base case EIRR being higher than the EOCC -12 percent. Table 11.3 Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis Details Present Value (Rs. million) a/ Costs Capital costs 2,092 O&M costs 712 Total costs 2,804 Benefits Resource cost savings 4,029 (includes, Time savings, Storage tank cost savings, Alternate source of water cost savings, Saved purification costs, saved health costs and saved working days) Total benefits 4,029 Economic Return Measures Net Present Value (Rs. Million): Net benefits 1,225 EIRR (%) 18.3 a/ In December 2010 prices. Discounted to 2010 at 12% real discount rate. Source: Consultant

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 46 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Table 11.4 Results of Sensitivity Analysis

Details EIRR (%) Main Evaluation (Base Case) a/ 18.3 Capital Cost Overrun b/ 15.6 Switching Value c/ 69.4 O&M Cost Overrun d/ 17.6 Switching Valuec/ 310.3 Decrease in Project Benefits e/ 14.3 Switching Valuec/ 42.8 One Year Delay in Implementation 17.9 All Tests Combined 11.3 a/ From Table 11.2 b/ 20 percent increase in capital cost. c/ Calculated as the percentage change in a variable required for EIRR to reduce to 12 percent. d/ 20 percent increase in O&M cost. e/ Decrease in project benefits by 20 percent.

12 Environmental Assessment

12.1 Brief Description of Environmental Impact The subproject is located at Bhagalpur, north eastern part of Bihar. The main components of the subproject are construction of raw water intake, water treatment plant, pumping station, clear water reservoir and overhead tanks, laying of raw water, clear water and distribution pipelines, renovation of existing intake and water treatment plant and installation of water meters. The intake structure is proposed to be constructed in river Ganga near Vikramshila bridge in the protected area of Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin sanctuary stretching 50 km from Sultanganj to Kahalgaon. Since the project site is located within protected area of Dolphin Sanctuary, a no objection certificate (NOC) from Department of Environment and Forest (DoEF) of Bihar and/or Ministry of Environmental and Forest (MoEF), GoI will be required before implementation of the project. There is one forest (only tree species no wildlife) protected by forest department of Bihar is located within 100 m of the proposed WTP at Barari. But there is no impact is anticipated on tree species due to construction of water treatment plant. Special protection of biodiversity is necessary through selection of mitigation process and sound engineering technology as well as scheduling of the work in consultation with wildlife department. There are no archaeological and historical sites nearby, hence no impact is anticipated. During project implementation the impacts are consider on physical environment like water, air, soil, noise; on biological environment, like flora and fauna and socio-economic environment (which is positive). All the impacts are temporary and for short duration. In all the cases mitigation measures i.e. control of air, dust pollution, checking of water and noise pollution, protection of biological environment are taken care. Safety measures, both occupational and social are taken into consideration.. Implementation of Environmental management plan as per monitoring frequency is the essential requirement during construction phase. During operation phases there are few positive socio-economic impacts will be anticipated. Environmental management and monitoring cost for the sub-project has been estimated as 0.8 million Rupees. Public consultation has been conducted for understanding the local issues and public views regarding the possible impact. Action plan has been formulated accordingly. The project authority will establish a mechanism to receive and facilitate

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 47 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

resolution of affected persons‟ concerns, complaints and grievances about the project‟s environmental performance.

12.2 Assessment of PMU, BUDP The subproject is lkikely to be classified as:

Category A under the EIA Notification of 2006 of GoI Category B under the EIA Notification of 2006 of GoI Unknown * * There is no categorization of water supply project components The project site is: Within 10 km from the boundary of protected areas, notified areas and inter-state and international boundaries as defined under EIA Notification of 2006 of GoI A part of National Parks/Sanctuaries and Tiger Reserve areas (notified as defined under Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972) Near to reserved forest or protected forest as defined under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 (amended in 1988) The subproject does require: Consent for Establishment and Consent for Operation under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and/or the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 Authorization for waste processing and landfills under Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 of GoI

Details on the Initial Environmental Examination are given in Appendix 2 of SAR.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 48 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

13 Involuntary Resettlement

13.1 Brief Description of Social (IR) Impact Envisaged sub-project components for Bhagalpur Water Supply include 18 Over Head Tanks (OHTs), a Water Treatment Plant (WTP), water intake, pumping station, clear water reservoir, raw and clear water pipelines, distribution mains, pumping main, renovation of existing water treatment plant and intake and household metering. Measures to avoid and minimize involuntary resettlement impacts included consideration of viable alternative sites/locations for sub-project components, in accordance with the RF and EARF to ensure that land acquisition and other IR impacts are avoided or minimized. Based on a thorough survey of all possible site alternatives, sub-project components are proposed on vacant Government land, where available. The overall impacts are to be further minimized through careful alignment selection during detailed design and sub- project implementation. All land required for sub-project components in Bhagalpur has been identified - no land acquisition/population displacement is envisaged. Subproject components are proposed on vacant Government land, where available. On the basis of preliminary design, anticipated impacts are temporary, and will have impacts on non-titled persons for laying transmission mains, and hawkers and vendors during laying of networks. Temporary impacts on 3966 non-titled persons (vendors with push carts, baskets and tables, those with bamboo and tarpaulin repair stands) are envisaged during construction of distribution pipelines and transmission mains. Transect walks reveal that ~20% of temporarily affected persons are vulnerable APs including women, children and BPL. Temporary relocation of ~4 non-titled APs due to construction of raw water transmission mains is envisaged (hence total number of temporarily affected persons is estimated at 3970). Of the temporarily affected persons, vulnerable APs would need special protection measures. Based on transect walks and confirmation of project engineers, impacts are anticipated on two permanent common structures on government school sites. A Resettlement Plan (RP) is prepared for the Water Supply sub-project in Bhagalpur (refer Appendix 1). It addresses the IR impacts of the proposed Bhagalpur Water Supply project and is consistent with the Draft Resettlement Framework for BUDP. Details of survey numbers, ownership and area of each identified sites for subproject facilities and sketches depicting footprints of proposed facilities on each site are provided in the RP (Appendix 1). Seventeen of 18 Overhead Service Reservoirs (OHTs), the Water Treatment Plant, provision of disinfection (chlorination) facilities, water quality testing laboratory and pumping stations will be on vacant government land. Only one OHT will be on vacant land belonging to the Inter-level Muslim High School, which has in principle agreed to allow construction of the proposed OHT on its land; formal permission from the School‟s Management Committee, lease agreement with the Municipal Corporation, Bhagalpur are under process. The school presently lacks proper drinking water facilities and toilets. Of the 17 OHTs proposed on government land, three are on land belonging to government schools and one is proposed on Bhagalpur University land (a government university). Of the three government educational institutions, the Primary School (Kalabganj) and the Middle School (Barari) neither have drinking water facilities nor adequate number of toilets in good repair with water connections at present. In two of the government school sites (OHT 5-1 and 2-2), impacts on presently unused sheds at the edges of the sites are envisaged; the sheds will need to be rebuilt. The proposed OHT site (2/2-1) in Upper Tola Goaltoli Jogsar Chunihari Tola, owned by Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation is presently used by residents in the vicinity of the site to keep cattle. Focus group discussions with users of the site (refer Attachment 5 for summary of discussions) revealed the felt need for improved water supply (they did not

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 49 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

object to construction of an OHT at the location) as well as need to continue using the space below the water tank to keep cattle. This is a potential area of conflict that needs to be dealt with by the ULB through consultations with the community to arrive at workable arrangements. Focus Group Discussions held with residents/users in and around each of the identified OHT sites (refer summary of discussions held at OHT locations in Attachment 5) revealed the felt need for the water supply project in Bhagalpur and the fact that people recognize the potential benefits of the same in terms of improved quantity and quality of water supplied. Even for OHT sites that are part of school compounds (in the absence of any other suitable site in the vicinity), discussions with stakeholders (school authorities, children and residents of the locality) revealed the acute felt need for drinking water supply in and around the schools (where most of the children and their families live) and the fact that the need for a good water supply system and recognition of its potential benefits subsumes all other concerns. The site identified for the WTP belongs to the Health Department, Government of Bihar; the site is vacant and no adverse social impacts are envisaged related to the same. There are no social safeguards issues on the intake site as this is within the Ganga River, 100 m from the bank. The location of intake is proposed within an environmentally sensitive area (within 50 km of a protected area and National Park on the River Ganges). Focus group discussions were conducted with the fishing community of Barari (Mallah community, belonging to Other Backward Castes category). The fishermen are of the opinion that the project itself may not impact their livelihood, but if they are not allowed to fish in Barari in the name of the project, then they will lose their livelihoods. They are also wary of the possible impact of abstraction of water from the river on fish population. The fishermen met appeared to be aware of environmental issues as their livelihood depends on the same. There are no archaeological or historical sites in the vicinity of the above- mentioned facilities proposed under BUDIP sub-project for Bhagalpur water supply.

13.2 Entitlement, Compensation and Mitigation measures The Resettlement Framework designed for BUDIP provides details on entitlement, compensation, grievance redressal and other aspects of involuntary resettlement that will need to be adhered to, should there be any adverse social impacts. For OHT sites proposed within school compounds, care must be taken to ensure that the present use of the major portion of such land (as playground) is not affected. In addition, each of the government schools must be provided water connections, without any levy of connection charge; the primary and middle school presently lacking toilet facilities will be provided toilets. The Inter-level Muslim High School (the only affected non-government school) will be provided a water connection sans connection charge and toilet facilities for boys and girls. These measures are expected to generate goodwill and lead to positive outcomes for the project. One-room structures (presently not in use) at two of the proposed OHT locations (OHT 5-1 and 2-2 in government schools) that will have to be demolished during OHT construction, will be rebuilt. Potential areas of conflict (as in the case of OHT 2/2-1), need to be resolved by the ULB through consultations with the community to arrive at workable arrangements. Measures related to involvement of the fishing community in dolphin protection, in line with MoEF‟s Conservation Action Plan for the Ganges River Dolphin, 2010-20 and EIA for Bhagalpur water supply (refer EIA document) are proposed. The community will also be given preference in project related employment. The Resettlement Plan for Bhagalpur (refer Appendix 1) drawing upon the BUDIP Resettlement Framework/Entitlement Matrix provides for special protection measures for vulnerable groups that are likely to be temporarily affected during construction/laying of

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 50 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

pipelines. The social impact mitigation costs are estimated at Rs. 6.725 million for the Bhagalpur Water Supply sub-project (excluding personnel costs for PMC and PMU).

14 Indigenous Peoples Development

14.1 Brief description of impact The Scheduled Tribe population in Bhagalpur is a very small proportion (0.48%) of the total population47. The Scheduled Tribe population in the city (as in all of Bihar) does not maintain distinctive customs/cultural mores or economic activities. For the proposed water supply subproject in Bhagalpur, land required for a WTP and for 17 OHTs have been identified on government land and 1 OHT on vacant land belonging to a private institution that has agreed in principle to provide land for the same; IP/EM groups are not present on any of the identified sites. The only institutional site identified for an OHT (Inter-level Muslim High School), belongs to a Trust; there are no IP groups on this site. The religious group that runs the school cannot be classified as an ethnic minority; the Muslim community in Bhagalpur is very much a part of the mainstream socio-political set-up in the town. No permanent resettlement impacts are envisaged. Transect walks did not reveal the presence of IPs – hence proposals for laying of pipelines are not expected to impact IPs. Conclusions: Scheduled Tribe population in the town is assimilated in mainstream society. There are no IPs or EM groups in sub-project locations in Bhagalpur; no impacts on indigenous peoples are therefore envisaged. The Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework and the Resettlement Framework for BUDIP ensure adequate safeguards for protection of indigenous peoples, to cover any unanticipated impacts, though highly unlikely. Table 14.1 Sub-project Social Categorisation: Bhagalpur Water Supply Subproject Components IR IP Remarks Category$ Category Water Supply Rehabilitation of existing water B C Refer Attachment 9 for system in distribution system. IR Categorisation Form Bhagalpur 18 OHTs (40x40m - avg.),WTP and Appendix 1 for (4 ha), Resettlement Plan for Pumping main Bhagalpur Water Supply; Attachment 10 Expansion of distribution for IP Categorisation system to new areas Form; and Attachment Clear Water Pumping Stations 11 for Initial Poverty at existing and proposed WTP and Social Analysis. locations Refer Attachment 5 for Replacement of pumping details on Proposed machinery WTP and OHT sites Bulk water meters (including summary of Consumer connections & discussions held with metering stakeholders). Water Quality testing

47 According to the Census 2001, 8.2 percent of India‟s population is classified as ST. In comparison with the national figure, Bihar has only 0.91 percent of population classified as ST (758,351 of a population of 82,998,509 based on Census of India, 2001). In Urban Bihar, only 0.47 percent of the total urban population of the State is classified as Scheduled Tribe (ST). Concentrated tribal areas, termed as Integrated Tribal Development Project (ITDP) existed in undivided Bihar; however, these now fall in Jharkhand, following the division of the state.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 51 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Subproject Components IR IP Remarks Category$ Category laboratory at WTP Campus

$ The nature of social impacts envisaged under BUDIP sub-project – Bhagalpur water Supply are temporary and much smaller in scale than those falling under the domain of Government of India‟s National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy (NRRP), 2007, hence, NRRP is not applicable.

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15 Attachments

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15.1 Attachment 1: Pictorial view of Ground Water quality

Figure 15.1 Ground Water Quality

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 54 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 55 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

15.2 Attachment 2: Design Criteria

15.2.1 Design Year Civil structure – 30 years Mechanical and Electrical unit – 15 years

15.2.2 Population The population analysis is based on 2001 Census and the trend value during 1961-2001. The annual growth rate has been considered as 2.93% as on 2011, gradually reducing to 1.97% by 2041. See table below. Total Design Population for Bhagalpur can be summed up as: ▪ 2011 – 425,443 ▪ 2026 – 590,101 ▪ 2041 – 795,017 The project area is the municipal area i.e, 30.18 km2. Average population density for 2041 equates to 263.5 persons/Ha. A logical endeavour has been made to distribute the population figures among the wards in Table below. Table 15.1 Projected Population Distribution in Wards Ward No. Area 2001 2011 2026 2041 (sqkm) Pop. Density Pop. Density Pop. Density Pop. Density (nos/Ha) (nos/Ha) (nos/Ha) (nos/Ha) 1 0.29 7098 244.1 8856 304.5 8856 304.5 8856 304.5 2 0.13 6004 466.1 6004 466.1 5704 442.8 3993 310.0 3 0.35 7113 203.6 8875 254.1 10206 292.2 10206 292.2 4 0.51 6427 126.8 8019 158.2 11146 219.8 14997 295.8 5 0.46 7342 160.4 9161 200.2 12732 278.2 13369 292.2 6 0.18 7003 396.1 7003 396.1 7003 396.1 5427 307.0 7 0.25 6600 265.5 7260 292.0 7260 292.0 7260 292.0 8 0.66 6637 101.1 8281 126.2 12421 189.3 18632 283.9 9 1.70 6162 36.2 7688 45.1 10686 62.7 17098 100.4 10 0.60 6009 99.6 7497 124.2 11996 198.8 16141 267.5 11 1.20 5695 47.4 9112 75.9 16402 136.6 32803 273.3 12 0.46 7535 164.1 9401 204.7 13067 284.5 13721 298.7 13 0.59 6544 111.0 8165 138.5 8165 138.5 8165 138.5 14 0.42 6652 158.0 8300 197.1 11536 274.0 12689 301.4 15 0.28 7402 260.8 8142 286.9 8549 301.2 8549 301.2 16 0.28 7262 257.8 7988 283.6 8388 297.7 8388 297.7 17 0.59 6903 117.0 8613 145.9 11971 202.8 16108 272.9 18 0.31 5879 189.6 7335 236.6 9169 295.8 9169 295.8 19 0.33 6198 190.5 7733 237.7 9666 297.2 9666 297.2 20 0.58 6850 118.4 8547 147.7 11879 205.3 15984 276.3 21 0.28 5722 203.2 7139 253.5 8210 291.6 8210 291.6

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Ward No. Area 2001 2011 2026 2041 (sqkm) Pop. Density Pop. Density Pop. Density Pop. Density (nos/Ha) (nos/Ha) (nos/Ha) (nos/Ha) 22 0.67 6147 91.6 7670 114.3 12271 182.9 19634 292.7 23 1.05 6485 62.0 9079 86.8 16342 156.3 29416 281.3 24 0.38 7299 191.2 9107 238.5 11384 298.2 11384 298.2 25 0.39 6120 159.0 7636 198.3 10613 275.7 11568 300.5 26 0.67 6223 92.5 7764 115.4 12423 184.6 19877 295.4 27 1.20 6445 53.9 10312 86.3 18562 155.3 33411 279.6 28 0.48 7656 161.0 9552 200.8 13277 279.2 13941 293.1 29 1.95 7664 39.3 12262 63.0 22072 113.3 46352 238.0 30 0.95 6784 71.1 9498 99.6 17096 179.2 27353 286.8 31 1.57 6848 43.6 8544 54.4 11876 75.6 19001 121.0 32 0.56 6802 120.6 8487 150.5 11796 209.1 15872 281.4 33 1.14 7367 64.6 10314 90.5 18565 162.8 33417 293.1 34 0.27 6003 225.5 7490 281.4 7864 295.4 7864 295.4 35 0.28 6590 232.7 8222 290.3 8633 304.9 8633 304.9 36 0.17 6760 403.8 6760 403.8 6760 403.8 5070 302.9 37 0.57 7531 132.4 9396 165.2 13060 229.7 16978 298.5 38 0.45 7366 164.0 9190 204.6 12774 284.4 13413 298.6 39 0.75 6504 86.3 8115 107.7 12984 172.4 22073 293.0 40 0.24 7315 299.4 7315 299.4 7315 299.4 7315 299.4 41 0.39 5983 154.1 7465 192.3 10376 267.3 11413 294.0 42 0.93 6687 71.6 8343 89.4 15018 160.8 27032 289.5 43 0.52 7646 148.4 9540 185.2 13260 257.4 15249 296.0 44 0.39 7668 196.0 9567 244.6 11481 293.5 11481 293.5 45 0.37 6055 163.6 7555 204.2 10501 283.8 11026 298.0 46 0.48 5871 121.7 7325 151.8 10181 211.0 13700 283.9 47 0.36 7377 206.3 9204 257.4 10585 296.0 10585 296.0 48 0.61 5929 96.8 7398 120.8 11836 193.3 15926 260.1 49 0.51 6216 121.1 7756 151.1 10780 210.0 14505 282.5 50 0.63 6467 102.0 8069 127.3 12103 191.0 18155 286.4 51 0.80 5922 74.4 7389 92.8 13300 167.1 23940 300.8 Total 30.18 340767 112.9 425443 141.0 590101 195.6 795017 263.5

Note – It is assumed that with increase of urbanisation population will tend to distribute evenly throughout the project area. Following factors are considered during distribution. ▪ Topography and physical features, like hillock, forest area, etc.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 57 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

▪ Railway station, airport location and Bus stand, ▪ Military and paramilitary campus, School and college campus ▪ River banks, ▪ Present population density (zonal). ▪ A floating population of 5% has been assumed, considering the upcoming economic development of the town.

15.2.3 Water Demand Domestic demand for resident population - 135 lpcd; Demand for floating population it is - 40 lpcd; Non-domestic demand - 15% of domestic demand; Fire demand - 1% of total demand.

Table 15.2 Population Projection of Bhagalpur

Year Population Floating Population 5% Domestic135 @ lpcd in MLD Floating 40 @ lpcd in MLD domestic Non 15% of domestic in MLD Firedemand 1% MLD in Totaldemand at consumerend in MLD Distribution and transmission15% loss MLD Waterrequirement in MLD 2001 340767 17038 46.00 0.68 6.90 0.54 54.12 9.55 63.67 2006 380637 19032 51.39 0.76 7.71 0.60 60.45 10.67 71.12 2011 425443 21259 57.40 0.85 8.61 0.67 67.53 11.92 79.44 2016 474491 23725 64.06 0.95 9.61 0.75 75.36 13.30 88.66 2021 529532 26477 71.49 1.06 10.72 0.83 84.10 14.84 98.94 2026 590101 29548 79.78 1.18 11.97 0.93 93.86 16.56 110.42 2031 652417 32621 88.08 1.30 13.21 1.03 103.62 18.29 121.90 2036 720269 36013 97.24 1.44 14.59 1.13 114.39 20.19 134.58 2041 795017 39759 107.35 1.59 16.10 1.25 126.29 22.29 148.58

15.2.4 Losses in the System Treatment loss - 5% maximum Distribution and transmission loss – 15%

15.2.5 Demand Pattern The supply of water is targeted for 24x7 module, with peak factor of 2.0.

Table 15.3 Demand Pattern for Water Supply

Hours

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Peak

0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.5

0.25 0.25 0.25 Factor 0.25

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 58 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Figure 15.2 Demand Pattern for Water Supply

Demand Pattern

2.5

2

1.5

1 Peak factor

0.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Hours

15.2.6 Distribution Lines Pipe material - There are several factors which influence the selection of pipe material such as internal pressure, coefficient of roughness, maximum permissible diameters, hydraulic and operating conditions, internal and external corrosion problems, laying and special conditions. Ductile Iron (DI), Cast Iron (CI), Mild Steel (MS) and PVC / HDPE are mostly used because of their availability and simplicity in handling, jointing etc. Since CI pipes are very heavy and will be difficult to handle it has not been considered for the project. A comparison of benefit between DI, MS and HDPE pipes have been made and concluded that HDPE pipes will be used for diameter 300 mm or less (Internal diameter) and DI is recommended for more than 300mm diameter . Table 15.4 Comparative Study of Pipe Materials Factors for selection of DI MS HDPE pipes

Hydraulic Smoothness 140 130 150 (C value) Structural strength for Very good Very good Good in resisting external loads external loads Ease in handling, Pipes are heavy & Lighter than DI Light & easy to handle, transportation and storage hence difficult to pipes. But still lighter equipment are handle heavy to handle used in jointing & installation. Resistance to internal Internally protected by Anti corrosive Does not rust, rot or corrosion cement mortar lining painting is corrode necessary Economy Very costly Costly Much cheaper than DI or MS pipes at lower dia. Availability of specials and Available indigenously Available Available indigenously replacements indigenously

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 59 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Factors for selection of DI MS HDPE pipes

Availability of skilled Available Available Available personnel for installation & maintenance Capacity to withstand Damage to internal Better than DI Very good in damage in handling and cement lining is pipes withstanding damage maintenance possible during due to handling handling Reliability and effective Reliable Welded joints are Fusion joints or butt joints reliable joints are very reliable Capability to absorb surge Capable Capable These has excellent pressure water hammer characteristics & effective in withstanding surge pressure Ease in maintenance and Handling of heavy Lighter than DI Materials are light & very repair materials is required pipes & specials easy to handle Durability (Sustainable Durable if external Durable if external Durable. Very resistant to trouble free maintenance) corrosion protection is corrosion breaking made. protection is made. Resistance to tampering by Fairly good Fairly good Not good. anti-social elements

Recommendation – HDPE pipes for diameter 300 mm or less (Internal diameter). DI is recommended for more than 300mm internal diameter. Pipe sizes - For the pipelines, minimum diameter of pipe is generally considered as 100mm. In some cases, particularly in case of house connections depending upon specific site condition, it may go below 100mm. Residual head - The residual pressure in the distribution lines at the point of will be 12m in general. But in cases, where it is not feasible, residual pressure limit may be reduced. Limit of rejection is below 7m.

15.2.7 Overhead Tank Table 15.5 Design Parameter for Overhead Tank 1 Type of reservoir Overhead tower 2 Type of structure RCC 3 Minimum staging height 25m 4 Shape of tank Circular – Intze type OR Rectangular type 5 Volume of tank Based of mass balance of CWR and Demand pattern 6 Maximum capacity 1800 cum 7 Target year Demand of 2041 8 No. of reservoirs Minimum 1 per 2 sq.km area

Capacity of reservoirs shall be calculated as per mass curve. A sample calculation for OHT volume for 1MLD is shown below.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 60 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Table 15.6 Sample Calculation for OHT Volume Demand 1 mld =41.67 cum/hr = 1000 cumec/day Pumping hours 20 hrs/day Supply hours 24 hrs/day Pumping rate 50 cum/hr Supply rate 41.7 cum/hr

Hours in a Day Rate of water Rate of water demand from OHT (cum) Cumulative Volume of tank supply into OHT vol. (cum) (cum) (cum) From To Volume Cum. Av. Vol Peak Volume Cum. Deficit (-)/ per hour Vol. per factor per hour Vol. Surplus (+) hour 0 1 0 41.7 0.25 10.4 10.4 -10.4 93.8 + 106.3 1 2 0 41.7 0.25 10.4 20.8 -20.8 2 3 50 50 41.7 0.25 10.4 31.3 18.8 3 4 50 100 41.7 0.5 20.8 52.1 47.9 4 5 50 150 41.7 0.5 20.8 72.9 77.1 5 6 50 200 41.7 1 41.7 114.6 85.4 6 7 50 250 41.7 1 41.7 156.3 93.8 7 8 50 300 41.7 1.5 62.5 218.8 81.3 8 9 50 350 41.7 2 83.3 302.1 47.9 9 10 50 400 41.7 2 83.3 385.4 14.6 10 11 50 450 41.7 1.5 62.5 447.9 2.1 11 12 50 500 41.7 1.5 62.5 510.4 -10.4 12 13 500 41.7 1 41.7 552.1 -52.1 13 14 500 41.7 1 41.7 593.8 -93.7 14 15 50 550 41.7 1 41.7 635.4 -85.4 15 16 50 600 41.7 0.5 20.8 656.3 -56.3 16 17 50 650 41.7 1 41.7 697.9 -47.9 17 18 50 700 41.7 1.5 62.5 760.4 -60.4 18 19 50 750 41.7 2 83.3 843.8 -93.8 19 20 50 800 41.7 1.5 62.5 906.3 -106.3 20 21 50 850 41.7 1 41.7 947.9 -97.9 21 22 50 900 41.7 0.5 20.8 968.8 -68.8 22 23 50 950 41.7 0.5 20.8 989.6 -39.6 23 24 50 1000 41.7 0.25 10.4 1000.0 0.0 1000 1000 24 1000.0 200.1 Cum OK OK OK OK 0.20 times daily demand

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 61 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Mass Curve for 1 MLD 1200

1000

800

600

CumulativeVolume (cum) 400

200

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Hours in a day Cumulative supply Cumulative Demand

15.2.8 Pumping Main Design Hours - The pipeline is designed for a daily run of 20 hours to supply this quantity. DI K-9 pipes up to and including 600 mm diameter and MS pipes for larger sizes are proposed for this project. Economical size - Most economic pipe size to be analysed as per the procedure specified in the Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO) Manual on Water Supply and Treatment. MS pipes manufactured by bending steel plates with Fe-410 grade steel conforming to IS: 2062, with submerged arc welding are proposed. The pipes shall conform to the requirements specified in IS: 3589. Velocity in pipeline - The design velocity in the transmission mains and feeder mains should preferably be not less than 0.8m/s and in no case greater than 3m/s. Terminal pressure - The terminal pressure in the transmission mains at the point of discharge into various OHT reservoirs will be 2 m. Internal Pressure - The operating pressure on the pipe would be equal to the static pressure plus the frictional head. The frictional head loss through the pumping main is to be calculated with the Hazen Williams formula. The pipes are internally lined and hence the roughness coefficient value (C value) will be considered as 140 for analyzing the frictional head loss. Head loss on account of fixtures and bends is to be considered at 10% of the total frictional head loss. Adequacy of the proposed shell thickness to be checked for the internal working pressure including water hammer. Structural Design - Design of Large Diameter MS pipes, adequacy of the proposed shell thickness has to be checked for internal vacuum, horizontal deflection and buckling due to external dead load of fill material over the pipes laid in trenches and super imposed live load due to vehicular traffic for various combinations of the loading. External Coating - Bare MS pipes are susceptible to corrosion due to chemical reaction with soil and water. Coating on the external pipe surface as specified below is proposed for protection from corrosion.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 62 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

All pipes: First coat of coal tar epoxy primer, followed by two coats of coal tar epoxy, conforming to IS 14948 or AWWA C-210, with a total dry film thickness of not less than 800 micron. The coating shall be factory applied. For buried pipes: Factory applied Polyethylene or Polyolefin tape wrapped or extruded coating for a thickness of 80 mils, over the coal tar epoxy coating. Exposed pipes: Field application of a single coat of 2-part epoxy coating applied by spraying for a Dry Film Thickness (DFT) of 150 micron, over the coal tar epoxy coating. Internal Lining - To protect the internal surface of the MS pipeline from corrosion, Factory applied Fusion bonded epoxy coating by preheating the pipe to required temperature or Spray coating is proposed for a DFT () of minimum 400 or 600 micron respectively. Valves - The test pressure of the valve bodies should not be less than (i) 1.5 times of the operating pressure or (ii) operating plus water hammer pressure; whichever is more. All types of valves including butterfly valves, sluice valves, washout valves, pressure reducing valves and air valves provided on the pumping main including the pump delivery main, are proposed to have a pressure rating of PN 1.0-2.5 (10-25 kg/cm2).

15.2.9 Water Treatment Plant The raw water demand is the water production demand plus an allowance for the loss of water within the WTP process trains. These losses include waste backwash (WBW) drainage (from filter wash) to be discharged off-site (the largest potential loss of water), sludge withdrawal from the sedimentation tanks (a minor quantity), site irrigation and washdown/sanitary usages. From the experience there will always be some water loss through the WTP, from the activities stated above. The criteria for WTP water losses used in the design are: ▪ Losses for sludge withdrawal to be 0.5% to 2.0% to the raw water flow ▪ Losses for the wasting of waste back wash (WBW) drainage, from filter wash, to be 4% to 8% to the treatment plant capacity ▪ Losses for other activities to be 0.5% to 2% of the raw water flow ▪ Total Losses (including other activities) to be 5% to 12% of the raw water flow, with no recirculation of waste backwash water flow. The WBW drainage daily flow quantity fluctuates based upon the number of filters and how frequently they are backwashed. The study recommends the water losses be limited to be 5%. Sr. No. Parameter Value 1 Raw water intake (rounded to whole figure) 156 mld (for 2041) 116 mld (for 2026 2 Treated water requirement 149 mld (for 2041) 110 mld (for 2026) 3 Pumping hours (raw water and clear water) 20 hours per day 4 Running of treatment plant 24 hours per day

15.2.10 Intakes ▪ Intake Structure – Circular Jack well type ▪ Intake shape – Circular ▪ Pump house – On top of Intake structure The number of wells required depends upon the following factors: – ▪ Pump configuration

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 63 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

▪ No. of Pumps required ▪ Total size of openings ▪ Size and length of intake channel ▪ Total weight of well ▪ Construction method of well ▪ Relationship of well diameter to height Minimum number of wells -2 Pump and Pump configuration shall be designed keeping in consideration the well size and shape. Intake well size is dependent on pump configuration. Hence intake and pump design shall be done simultaneously.

15.2.11 Power Supply Power supply of 20 hours in a day is assumed.

15.2.12 House Connection 1 household in 1 holding consists of 6.54 persons. 1 water meter connection for 1 household is considered for this study. Domestic water meter is proposed to be of inferential type, multijet, magnetically coupled, having dry dial, straight reading Class B conforming to IS:779/1994, ISO 4064/1, of size 15mm. Commercial metes will be of 20mm.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 64 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

15.3 Attachment 3: Study on Surface Water Source

Water Source Ground water source - In the Bhagalpur district of 2570 km2 area, net annual ground water availability is 66994 Ha-m (described in previous chapter). Bhagalpur town is of 30.18 sqkm. Assuming uniform distribution of ground water, net ground water availability works is 21.5 mld (669.94/2570x30.18x1000/365 = 21.54, say 21.5) . It is assumed that there will be no ingress of water into the study zone. In that case, 21.5 mld is too less to depend on for the demand. Recharge for ground water development, as stated by CGCB for the total district is 23- 35%. It will be less in urban area to about 10-15%. With 15% recharge in urban area, utilizable ground water availability works out to be about 25 mld (21.5x1.15 = 24.8, say 25) which is inadequate against the demand. Raw water quality test for ground water and river water is required to be conducted. Bacteriological parameters, hardness, iron, fluoride, arsenic are decisive factor for treatment of ground water. However, CGCB report indicates the traces of arsenic in ground water. Major portion of the town falls under its influence. So ground water is not considered to be a suitable water source for a large scale community supply. Surface water source - River Ganges flows right across the town from west to east, (i.e from Sultanganj towards Kahalgaon) making the northern boundary of the municipality. As Ganges is a perennial river, Bhagalpur can fully be depended on its flow throughout the year. There is no data available for the discharge of river Ganges at Bhagalour. The nearest measurement station of Central Water Commission (CWC) for Bhagalpur is at a place called Hatidah, about 108 km upstream. The records of discharge at this station for 10 years (1999-2000 to 2008-2009) are presented in Table 15.7. The record shows (i) maximum average discharge in 10 years period as 2,946,240 mld occurring in monsoon months and (ii) minimum average discharge of the same period as 116,450 mld in summer months, while (iii) the average annual discharge in the same period is 745,744 mld. In addition there are discharges from the streams and other runoffs into the river within the 108 km between Hatidah and Bhagalpur for which there is however no record. Against the above mentioned discharge in the river, the total drawal of water will be in the tune of 156 mld (126 + 30 = 156) for demand of year 2041. Table 15.7 Discharge in River Ganges (Cumec)

Month 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 JUN 2000 2150 1800 2800 2066 1653 1460 2150 2150 1294 JUL 7000 9500 10500 5050 5800 4800 2092 3100 3250 16450 AUG 39500 28700 41700 13400 20000 11500 19000 18700 2850 36700 SEP 38800 25800 30700 16600 34500 31400 29000 34800 31400 48000 OCT 26300 15700 9300 14550 39900 13300 20000 13200 28800 34400 NOV 7100 3700 5500 4850 9400 6150 8400 4925 6700 5375 DEC 3000 2450 3350 2950 4000 3550 4650 3150 3400 3275 JAN 1900 1750 1750 1850 2777 2185 2313 1850 2160 1679 FEB 1550 1700 3350 1481 2712 2155 1558 1700 1967 1525 MAR 1500 1500 2113 1864 1627 1670 1271 1725 1340 1283 APR 1400 1500 1561 1575 1383 1296 1155 1700 1090 1002

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 65 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Month 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2008- 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 MAY 1550 1500 1500 1916 1354 1442 1325 1760 1168 1320 Annual 10967 7996 9427 5741 10460 6758 7685 7397 7190 12692 Average

For river water suspended solids, iron, manganese are the important parameters. However, all parameters as per CPHEEO needs to be tested for surface water. Maximum turbidity in the river water varies from 500 ppm to 10000 ppm. The location of the source from where water is proposed to be abstracted falls at the middle of the existing Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary stretching over a length of about 50 km from Sultangaqnj to Kahelgaon. For withdrawal of water from the river in this stretch proper environmental protection and mitigation measures are required..

An additional study on surface water source intake at Sultanganj (25 km upstream of Bhagalpur) was undertaken and is analysed in table below. Table 15.8 Study on water intake sites at Sultanganj and Bhagalpur Sl. No. Parameters Intake site at Bhagalpur Intake site at Sultanganj 1 Demand For Bhagalpur For Bhagalpur and major towns enroute (Sultanganj, Pain and Akbarpur). It will be 20-30% more. 2 WTP site Well identified and To be proposed 2km upstream of defined at Bhagalpur Sultanganj at Masjid, 3 Master Balancing Not required Required at Bhagalpur Reservoir 4 Booster pumping station Not required Required at Bhagalpur 5 Operation point of view Easy Not easy At same location of a At discrete towns – Existing at town – existing and Bhagalpur and Proposed at Sultanganj proposed

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 66 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. No. Parameters Intake site at Bhagalpur Intake site at Sultanganj 6 Clear water TRUNK Not required. 25km TRUNK main is required (from pumping main Sultanganj to Bhagalpur) 7 Project Cost „X‟ 1.5-1.6 times of „X‟ 8 Clear water Pumping cost „Y‟ 2.5-3 times of „Y‟ 9 Social adverse impact NIL Small impact during implementation 10 Environmental Impact In the region of dolphin Just beyond dolphin sanctuary limit sanctuary 11 Nature of Water supply Independent Water Regional Water Supply Scheme scheme Supply Scheme

Recommendation : Constructing WTP at Sultanganj to meet the Bhagalpur demand seems not rational when there is abundant surface water is available at Bhagalpur. The water shall however be extracted from the bank (within 100m) of the river where the river width is 2000 m approx near the Vikramsila Bridge by proper intake structure. Further, the Chapter 4 of the Conservation Action Plan for the Ganges river dolphins (2010-2020) of National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA), Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India suggests that as the socio political conditions make it impractical to halt water development activities especially in the Ganga basin the goal must be to manage such activities in ways that will minimise the harm to dolphins and other aquatic species. Therefore with proper environmental protection and mitigation measures (screens, velocity cap, etc.) supported by sound engineering solution intake site at Bhagalpur is recommended.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 67 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

15.4 Attachment 4: Proposal for Sub-Project Component

15.4.1 Zoning of Sub-Project Area The proposed zoning of the total system is based on the following factors: ▪ Possibility of integrating of existing/ongoing system ▪ Nature of water source ▪ Location of Intake ▪ Location of treatment plant ▪ Crossing of river, canals ▪ Crossing of railway line, important roads and National Highway The town is proposed to be divided in 5 zones based on the above factors as shown in Table and Figure below. Table 15.9 Proposed Zoning of Distribution Network Zones Zone name Ward nos. included Area Water source Water requirement (MLD) (sq.km.) 2026 2041 Zone I Nath Nagar 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 6.598 Surface water 22.849 29.849 zone 10, 11, 12(part) (New WTP) Zone II Ghanta Ghar 12(part), 13, 14, 15, 16, 4.295 Surface water 19.724 21.649 zone 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 38 (New WTP) Zone III Tilak Maji zone 22, 23, 24, 25, 26(part), 5.649 Surface water 22.621 30.853 32, 33(part), 34, 35, 36, (New WTP) 37 Zone IV Barari zone 26(part), 27, 28, 29, 30, 6.640 Surface water 17.113 28.912 31(part) (Old WTP) Zone V Sikanderpur 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 6.991 Surface water 27.982 33.703 zone 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 (New WTP) TOTAL 110.290 148.579

Figure 15.3 Proposed Zoning of Distribution Network

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 68 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

15.4.2 Water Source Estimated surface water requirement for 2026 and 2041 are 116 MLD and 156 MLD respectively (considering 5% treatment loss). Summary of Raw water extraction is given in table below. Table 15.10 Summary of Raw Water Abstraction 1 Total Raw water requirement at 2026 116 mld 2 Existing Raw water withdrawal capacity (after renovation) 18 mld 3 Requirement of raw water withdrawal for 2026 (1)-(2) 98 mld 4 Proposal for new Raw water Intake for 2026 98 mld 5 Total Raw water requirement at 2041 156 mld 6 Augmentation in existing intake capacity for 2041 by 12 mld 7 Total capacity for Existing Intake for 2041 (2)+(6) 30 mld 8 Total capacity for new Proposed Intake for 2041 (5-7) 126 mld 9 Augmentation required in new proposed intake capacity for 2041 28 mld

Schematic figure is shown below.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 69 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Provision for emergency requirement

15.4.3 Intakes – New Proposed Several different types of water intakes are in common use. An intake structure of the Jacked well type has been proposed. An alternate option with Wet well in the river to accommodate gate & screen and Dry well at the bank to house pumps is studied. This is elaborated in EIA Report. On comparative analysis Jack well in the river to accommodate gate, screens and Pumps is recommended. It is proposed to construct a gated intake well so as to enable the drawing of raw water from two (2) elevations: one below low water level (LWL) and another at the middle of the middle of LWL and high water level (HWL). These are to be checked and correlated with the CWC‟s record of LWL and HWL for the period between 1990 and 2009 as 23.790 M and 34.200 M respectively during detailed design. The intake structure is designed to house vertical turbine pumps for pumping of

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 70 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

126 mld. The pin-point location of Intake structures are to be decided after bathemetric survey and hydrological study. Following criteria has been considered for selection of site of proposed intake location- Concave side of the river flow having no possibility of siltation Away from dircharging point of Champa nala carrying wastewater of Bhagalpur town (approximately 2kms). Thus dilution effect will be more and pollution effect will be less. Availibility of water through out the year (from local enquiry) Distance from WTP and route of raw water transmission main. Intake Wells – The Intake well is proposed to be of 9 m dia circular cylindrical shape at this point of study with the pump house at the top. Two numbers of wells are proposed. Pump and Pump configuration - Option for pump configuration is required to be studied during detailed design stage. An indicative option is summarised below.

Stage I Demand for 2026 = 98 mld (rounded) Number of working = 3 pumps Number of stand by = 2 pumps Pump capacity = 33x3 = 99MLD Stand by = 33x2 = 66 MLD (i.e 67 %)

Stage II Additional Demand = 28 mld for 2041 Total demand = =98+28 = 126mld Number of working = 4 pumps Number of stand by = 2 pumps Pump capacity = 33x4 = 132 MLD Stand by = 33x2 = 66 MLD (i.e 50 %)

Intake Channel– The raw water will be drawn by means of a RCC intake channel constructed below the LWL terminated at the two lower level sluice gates. The sluice gates at the upper level will remain free to allow water intake at HWL of the river. The requirement, size and length of the intake channel will be determined during detailed design stage based on the bathemetric survey, hydrological study and geotechnical investigation. Gates - A series of sluice gates is proposed to be installed at the two (2) intake levels. The sluice gates shall be mounted on the outside of the well so as to operate under a seating head condition. Sluice gates shall be made of cast iron with guiding channels of stainless steel. Gate sizes may be recommended as 20% greater than that required to reduce the inlet velocity thus reducing the suction impact on dolphins.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 71 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Screens - Travelling type screens are proposed at the mouth of the intake well It will restrict the dolphins and fishes to enter the well. Provision for lifting and cleaning the screens shall be made. Guiding channels for the screens will be made of stainless steel with MS screens treated with anticorrosive measures. Mechanical arrangements shall be provided for cleaning and lifting of the screens. Spacing of screens may be kept generally as 10x10mm mesh to restrict fishes.. Velocity Cap - This structure is recommended at the inlet of intake structure. It will restrict dolphins and fishes to enter the intake structure. Desiltation - The raw water pump station is proposed to be configured to allow space for a 1 (working) + 1 (standby) submersible centrifugal vortex type desilting pumps. These are to be stored and lowered into each well to the bottom of the well. Each pump will be equipped with a hose on the discharge side which will be connected to a permanent discharge line above the floor level in the pump house. The pump discharge line shall run back to discharge into the river, outside of the area of influence of the intake structure. The sluicing and pumping operation should be completed within 2 hour. The frequency of desiltation is dependent of the turbidity. A comparative study on Intake construction technology, Intake design & type, Pin-pointing Intake location are given in EIA Report.

15.4.4 Intakes – For Existing

Note – Proposed WTP premises location is not relevant to this, so not shown. Existing Intake wells - There are two intake wells. Apparently structures seem to be ok. Minor renovation work may be taken up during summer, when the water brink recedes considerably. Detail study is required for item wise renovation work. Intake Channel - The intake well is very near to the river bank. During dry season, river Ganga recedes back to about 200m from the inlet well. Every year during this period Champa nala is the main contributor of raw water. The well receives bulk water from this

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 72 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

stream, which is the tributary of Ganga. The quality of water in this period is reported to be of concern. To ensure adequate water supply in the dry season, an inlet channel of 10 m length in each well followed by 200 m of non-metalled rubber armoured hose pipe is proposed to be constructed, as a permanent solution. For 2026 demand, withdrawal of raw water from existing intake will be 18 mld, and for 2041 demand pumping machineries shall be augmented to 30 mld (18+12). There is no need to increase the capacity of intake structure.

15.4.5 Raw water pumping main The raw water pumping main from Ganges is designed for a supply of 126 MLD at the design, year 2041. The pipeline is designed for a daily run of 20 hours to supply this quantity. MS pipes of 1200mm dia is proposed at this point of study. Length of pumping main will be approximately 2.9 km. Economic analysis of the pumping main will be done during detailed engineering stage. An alternative study on the route of raw water transmission main is done and given in the EIA Report.

15.4.6 Treatment Plant – Proposed One treatment plant is proposed at Barari, which will be augmented in phases. Two locations of treatment plant are identified – 1) Just east of River Bridge (named as Vikramsila Setu), and 2) South of existing WTP. Total area requirement is 4 Ha. Selection of Site location - Comparative study for selection of site location is presented in table below. Pictorial views of WTP site I and II, taken from Google Map, are shown below. The pictures are at different scale. Based on the assessment of both option, it is concludedas follow.

Table 15.11 Comparative Study for Selection of Site Location Sl. No. Parameters WTP Site – I WTP Site – II

1 Location of WTP site Adjacent to Intake. Hence About 1.8 km aerial distance Proposed Intake pumping cost will be less. west of Intake, south of existing WTP at Barari. 2 Raw water pumping main 0.3 km 2.9 km 3 Clear Water pumping More Marginally less main

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 73 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. No. Parameters WTP Site – I WTP Site – II

4 Discharge of WTP Being the location on the bank of The site is 0.6 km from river. process waste water the river, wastage from filter Additional cost is involved. back wash may be directly discharge to river by gravity without any additional energy consumption. 5 Discharge point of waste Can be designed to discharge Discharge point will be on the water downstream of Intake point upstream side of intake point, 1.5km along the bank . 6 Cost of WTP Less Marginally more 7 Land owner Partly government departments. Health department (as but mostly private property- reported by BMC) need to be acquired 8 Nature of land Major portion covered by trees Except a small part of and vegetation cultivation, major portion is barren type with few palm trees 9 Existing WTP location About 2 km from existing WTP Adjacent to existing WTP.It will facilitate in O&M 10 Sensitive issue Very near to crematoria No issues

Site-I is near to Intake raw water pumping station. So power cost can be cheaper than Site-II. Capital cost will also be cheaper (marginally). However Site-1 requires land acquisition from the private ownership and may cause delay. Site-II is adjacent to existing WTP. In future, it may be administratively united, considering operation, control and monitoring point of view. If required, raw water from proposed WTP one can also be diverted to the existing WTP, in case of emergency. WTP Site-II is therefore recommended. . A photographic view of Site-II is presented below.

Process parameters - The design of units of the WTP will be in conformation to the CPHEEO Manual on Water Supply. Table 15.12 Process Parameters Sl. No. Parameter Value 1 Output capacity of WTP for Stage I 93 mld 2 Output capacity of WTP for Stage II 120 mld 3 Operation of treatment unit 24 hours a day

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 74 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. No. Parameter Value 4 Losses for WTP 5% (maximum)

Process units: The surface water source from river Ganga is characterized by large variations in the physical data during the annual cycle with high values of turbidity and suspended solids content during the monsoon season. Assuming the water to be highly turbid, from local consultation, the selected treatment unit processes for the WTP are: ▪ Pre-settling, ▪ Cascade aeration ▪ Pre-oxidation by Chlorine and prechlorination ▪ Flash Mixing, ▪ Coagulation/Flocculation, ▪ Plate/Tube Settling (or Clariflocculator), ▪ Rapid Sand Filtration, ▪ Disinfection by Chlorine, ▪ Sludge thickener for Clarifiers sludge, with recycling of supernatant, to ahead of flash mixing, ▪ Sludge Dehydrator, recycling of supernatant, to ahead of flash mixing, ▪ Discharge of natural sediment from the Pre-settling Tank to settling chamber, with overflow arrangement to river, ▪ Discharge of backwash water from Filters to the river A laboratory is proposed under the WTP campus. SCADA and central monitoring shall be introduced in the system. Some design concepts which have been adopted are discussed below. Process Design A comparative analysis on the process design is done with (i) Clariflooculator, (ii) Pulsator Clarifier (iii) Plate/Tube settler. Considering area requirement, power requirement, and maintenance point of view, Plate/Tube settler is recommended. The study analysis is given in EIA Report. Process Trains It is proposed to adopt a single process train for the ultimate design stage (2041) with parallel individual units. Some units will be constructed for the ultimate design stage at the intermediate design stage (2026) itself, along with the units required for the intermediate design stage. Provision shall be kept for additional units to be constructed for ultimate design stage without disturbing the operation of the WTP. A schematic diagram is shown in figure below.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 75 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Figure 15.4 Schematic Diagram for WTP

Land area - Approximate land area requirement for 120 MLD WTP will be about 3 Ha (considering presettling tank). As reported by BMC the land identified at Barari adjacent to the existing WTP is owned by a government agency..

15.4.7 Existing Treatment Plant – Renovation Proposal There are basically 3 small WTPs within the compound. It is proposed to renovate to a single water treatment plant, with proper clariflocculation and disinfection system. The execution shall start after commissioning of new proposed WTP. A Presettling tank and cascade aerator is proposed for existing plant, and designed as a single unit for the total plant. Other existing units are to be utilized with optimization. The exact renovation details will be worked out at the detailed design stage. Table 15.13 Basic Parameters of Exiting WTP Sl. No. Parameter Value 1 Output capacity of exiting WTP on renovation (after 17.3 mld commissioning of new proposed WTP for Stage I) 2 Output capacity of existing WTP after augmentation for 29 mld Stage II 3 Operation of treatment unit 24 hours a day 4 Losses for WTP 5% (maximum)

15.4.8 Sludge Handling There will be 3 sludge/waste producing units. A part of existing settling tank/pond is proposed to be used as sludge settling/disposal tank from Presettling tank, both for existing and proposed WTPs. Sludge cake, produced from both WTPs, is proposed to dump/stack in the areas south and south-west of existing WTP campus.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 76 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Salient features of sludge/waste produced from different units is given below. Table 15.14 Salient Features of Sludge Producing from Different Units of WTP

Sl. No. Parameter Sludge/Waste water Sludge/Waste water Sludge/Waste water producing unit – 1 producing unit - 2 producing unit – 3 1 Units producing Pre-settling Tank Dehydrator Filter Plant major sludge to be disposed out of the system 2 Type of sludge Physical Chemical Physical (mainly) 3 Nature of sludge Muddy water Sludge cake Dirty water (Liquid portion will be recycled d/s of PS Tank 4 Type of treatment Settlement in Dumping the sludge pH control for tanks/ponds, cake inside available disposal to river. presently acting as area within extg. pre-settling tank of WTP, over a layer of existing WTP. clay lining. Supernatant to be disposed to river by overflow arrangement from the tank. 5 Size required 35mx70mx1m depth 30mx30mx3m depth Channel for disposal – 2nos to be designed during detailed design 6 Final disposal 1. Low lying area. No 1. Low lying area River liner is required. after proper clay 2. To brick fields lining. 2. To brick fields 7 Duration of Once in Once in During backwashing disposal / 4 days – 2041 11 days – 2041 clearance from

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 77 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. No. Parameter Sludge/Waste water Sludge/Waste water Sludge/Waste water producing unit – 1 producing unit - 2 producing unit – 3 WTP site 5 days – 2026 15 days – 2026 6 days – 2015 19 days – 2015 Remarks Only mother/parent Due to addition of Solids in the filter material of river Lime, alum, back wash shall not polyelectrolyte (non- be more than toxic) 100ppm

15.4.9 Clear water pumping main Clear water pumping station is proposed to be within WTP campus. The clear water pumping main from WTP is proposed for 5 zones separately. 4 zones will be from new WTP and the other from existing WTP. Each zone will have dedicated working pumps. Standby pumps will be common for Zones I, II, III, & V. Though the requirement of the zones is different, average pumping capacity is taken for the purpose of this report. Average head is considered as 90m. Piping shall be done accordingly. Pumping configuration is given below. Table 15.15 Pumping configuration For 2026 For 2041 Total demand 93 mld 120mld Number of working pumps 4 4 Number of stand by pumps 2 2 Pump capacity 24x4 = 96MLD 30x4 = 120 MLD Stand by 24x2 = 48 MLD (i.e 50 %) 30x2 = 60 MLD (i.e 50 %)

The sizes for new pipes shall be for the total demand of 120mld for ultimate design year (2041). The pipeline shall be designed for a daily run of 20 hours to supply this quantity. DI K-9 pipes are proposed. For each zone, a separate pipe is proposed. Indicative lengths of the pumping mains are given below

Zone Length Remarks Zone I 13 km Pipes under on-going Zone II 10 km projects to be utilized for final proposal. Zone III 7.5 km Zone IV 5.5 km Zone V 11 km Total 47 km

Out of 47 km, 27 km will be 600 mm dia and 20 km will be 400 mm dia . It shall be finalised during detailed design stage on the basis of OHT locations , detail survey of the pipe route and zoning after distribution network design. Pumping mains need to cross railway line at 3 locations.

15.4.10 Overhead tanks Treated water from treatment plant will be pumped to zonal reservoirs. The reservoirs will be tower type, sufficiently elevated to distribute the water to consumers with 12m residual head. Staging height is proposed to be 26m. Capacity of reservoir is calculated from mass

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 78 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

curve basis. Volume of tank comes to be 0.2 times daily demand figure in volume unit. Salient features of the OHTs proposed are: Table 15.16 Salient Features of OHTs Zones Zone name Total capacity Under Existing Additional capacity required of OHT (ML) ongoing OHT (ML) requirement project capacity Total Nos Each (ML) (ML) (average) Zone I Nath Nagar 5.869 0.460 5.409 4 1.352 zone Zone II Ghanta Ghar 4.330 0.460 0.182 3.688 3 1.229 zone Zone III Tilak Maji zone 6.171 0.920 5.251 3 1.750 Zone IV Barari zone 5.782 0.460 5.322 3 1.774 Zone V Sikanderpur 7.566 0.460 7.106 5 1.420 zone TOTAL 29.718 1.380 1.562 26.776 18

The OHTs shall be of 21-25 m dia with 3.5m water depth. Minimum land area requirement for each OHT is 40mx40m. Tentative locations of the OHTs are identified and shown below. The exact foot print for the OHTs shall be designed based on the particular available plot of land during detailed design stage. Alternative studies on the OHT location and OHT shape are given in EIA Report.

Description of the locations of OHTs (Refer Attachment 5 for Pictorial View) Table 15.17 Loacations of OHTs Zone OHT No. Location and Site description / Ownership Ownership I 1-1 Corner of University Campus Bhagalpur University

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 79 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Zone OHT No. Location and Site description / Ownership Ownership 1-2 Central Training School, North side land Govt. of Bihar 1-3 Mahshay Deodi in Champanagar BMC 1-4 Abir Mishra Lane in Nath nagar BMC II 2-1 Uppertola goaltoli jogsar Chunihari- tola BMC 2-2 Within school premises of Govt. Residential Company Govt. of Bihar Bagh High School 2-3 Muslim High Scool premises Musim High School Board III 3-1 South side open space of municipality office bldg. BMC 3-2 Within Rural development deptt. premises in Govt. of Bihar Adampur 3-3 Tripurapura Barahpura in the land of defunct tube well BMC of Municipal Corporation IV 4-1 Inside Balak Madhya Vidyalaya (Govt. school) at State Barari Government 4-2 On the open land, about 150m opposite Sunderban; Medical Anandgarh Colony near PHED Tank department 4-3 On the open space corner of Durga Ashram BMC V 5-1 Rajakiyakrit Prathamik Vidyalay, Kalabganj Govt. of Bihar 5-2 Agriculture Market Complex, Baghbari Govt. of Bihar 5-3 Aliganj Katghat BMC 5-4 Maulana Chowk Maidan BMC 5-5 Mughol Para, Kowali Maidan, Hushanabad BMC

15.4.11 Distribution system The distribution lines are proposed on all roads. Total length of roads as per topographical survey carried out under PPTA and as reported by BMC is about 251km. It is assumed that there will be 15% increase in road network in the city by 2026 which will however be the smaller lanes and shall be covered with required distribution network by the municipality at the appropriate time. The existing distribution lines are worn-out and proposed to be replaced under the ongoing program of PHED 74 km length of pipes will be laid. It is presumed that out of 55 km of existing pipelines about 50% or 27 km will be replaced under on-going program and remaining 28 km will become redundant. Accordingly 177 km of new pipelines will be laid under the subproject. A Summary of distribution pipe lines is given below. Table 15.18 Length Calculation for Distribution Pipe Lines Items Length 1 Total length of road, as on present 251 km 2 Length of existing pipe 55 km 3 Length of existing pipe to be replaced under on-going program 27 km 4 Length of remaining existing pipe (2)-(3) that will be redundant 28 km 5 Work under ongoing program including replacement of part of existing 74 km pipe lines 6 Work to be taken up under this Subproject (1)-(5) 177 km

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 80 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Items Length 7 Length of the existing pipe which is remaining after On-going program 0 km and to be used under this Sub-project 8 Net scope under this Sub-project (6)-(7) 177 km

Details of 177 km proposed pipeline is given below. The pipe proportion in the distribution system is assumed as given below. Table 15.19 Details of Proposed Pipe Lines Area Total pipe reqd.For 2026 (m) Total Add. For Total (sq. for 2041 for

km) 500 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 2026 150 100 2041

I 6.598 274 549 823 1098 2745 8234 13724 27448 54895 4117 4117 63130

II 4.295 179 357 536 715 1787 5360 8933 17865 35731 2680 2680 41090

III 5.649 235 470 705 940 2350 7049 11748 23497 46993 3525 3525 54043

IV 6.640 276 552 829 1105 2762 8287 13811 27622 55244 4143 4143 63531

V 6.991 291 582 872 1163 2908 8725 14541 29083 58165 4362 4362 66890

1255 2510 3765 5021 12551 37654 62757 125515 251029 18827 18827 288683

Ongoing 15600 29000 29400 74000 Project Balance for 2026 2041

1255 2510 3765 5021 12551 22054 33757 96115 177029 18827 18827 214683

Pipe dia. (mm) 500 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 Total Proportion 0.5 1 1.5 2 5 15 25 50 100

It is assumed that the existing pipelines, being very old, will not be in use either for ongoing projects or for under this proposal. If during detailed design by Network Specialist it is felt that any part of existing distribution can be used, it shall be judiciously established. But at this stage it has been not considered. Table 15.20 Summary of Distribution Pipe lines Internal Pipe Type Outer diameter Total length of pipes (m) Diameter (mm) Initial requirement (to Additional Requirement (to (mm) satisfy intermediate design satisfy ultimate design stage of 2026) stage of 2041) 500 DI-K7 n/a 1255 400 DI-K7 n/a 2510 350 DI-K7 n/a 3765 271 HDPE PN6 315 5021 215 HDPE PN6 250 12551 172 HDPE PN6 200 22054

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 81 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Internal Pipe Type Outer diameter Total length of pipes (m) Diameter (mm) Initial requirement (to Additional Requirement (to (mm) satisfy intermediate design satisfy ultimate design stage of 2026) stage of 2041) 138 HDPE PN6 160 33757 18827 95 HDPE PN6 110 96115 18827 Total 177029 37654

Note : Internal diameter of HDPE pipes are approximate

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 82 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

15.5 Attachment 5: Details of Sites Proposed for WTP and OHT Locations

Sl. Proposed Location and Ownership Present Sensi Summary of Location map from Google Pictorial view of site/location No. zone /OHT Site description features / -tive Discussions with No. land use features Local People

1 4/ Inside Balak State Unutilised - Discussions with 4-1 Madhya Government corner of teachers, Vidyalaya (Govt. playground students & school) at Barari residents of the area (Krishna Devi, Lal Bhadur Singh, Beena Devi, Neelam and Bulu Devi) revealed acute felt need for

improved water supply and drinking water facilities in school and surrounding areas.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 83 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. Proposed Location and Ownership Present Sensi Summary of Location map from Google Pictorial view of site/location No. zone /OHT Site description features / -tive Discussions with No. land use features Local People 2 4/ On the open Medical Open field, - Water pipeline 4-2 land, about department scrub land laid in area, but 150m opposite no water supply Sunderban; High spot at present. Acute Anandgarh need for improved Colony near system. PHED Tank

3 4/ On the open Bhagalpur Rubbish - Discussion with 4-3 space corner of Municipal disposal Mr. Ajit Prasad Durga Ashram Corporation Gupta, municipal conservancy staff working in the area and with residents of nearby localities (Mr. Harsh Vardhan and Ms. Anju Majhi) revealed the need for improved water supply in the locality.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 84 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. Proposed Location and Ownership Present Sensi Summary of Location map from Google Pictorial view of site/location No. zone /OHT Site description features / -tive Discussions with No. land use features Local People 4 3/ South side open Bhagalpur Open field, 3-1 space of Municipal scrub land municipality Corporation office bldg.

5 3/ Within Rural Govt. of Bihar Open field, - 3-2 development shrub land deptt. premises in Adampur

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 85 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. Proposed Location and Ownership Present Sensi Summary of Location map from Google Pictorial view of site/location No. zone /OHT Site description features / -tive Discussions with No. land use features Local People 6 3/ Tripurapura Bhagalpur Shrub land - Surrounding land 3-3 Barahpura in the Municipal under Idgah land of defunct Corporation Committee. tube well of Committee Municipal members Corporation (Md. Soin Ansari and Md. Ali Shabbir) expressed the need to address water problems in the locality.

7 1/ Corner of Bhagalpur Near Mango - Mainly 1-1 University University orchard institutional Campus (Govern-ment stakeholders in University) area. Improved water supply system would benefit staff of these institutions and people living in the area. Discussion held

with Prof CM Das, Registrar, who agreed in principle to allow use of the land required for an OHT. Bhagalpur MC has sent a

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 86 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. Proposed Location and Ownership Present Sensi Summary of Location map from Google Pictorial view of site/location No. zone /OHT Site description features / -tive Discussions with No. land use features Local People formal request to the Registrar for the use of the land.

8 1/ North of Central Bihar Govt. Scrub land, Brief discussion 1-2 Training School land Vacant, with two guards High spot revealed that the land in question is presently not used.

9 1/ Mahshay Deodi Municipal Play ground/ - Area suffers from 1-3 in Champanagar Corporation open land; acute water Durga temple problems, in one corner especially in summer.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 87 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. Proposed Location and Ownership Present Sensi Summary of Location map from Google Pictorial view of site/location No. zone /OHT Site description features / -tive Discussions with No. land use features Local People 10 1/ Abir Mishra Municipal Open land Discussions with 1-4 Lane in Nath corporation residents of nagar nearby area (Md. Iqram Ansari, Md. Iqbal Khaleel). Ground water is not potable/usable for domestic purposes. Cloth dyeing workshop

(Rangi Karkhana) in area led to ground water pollution.

11 2/ Uppertola Municipal Open land - Residents and 2-1 goaltoli jogsar corporation and cattle users of site (Alka Chunihari- tola shed Yadav, Amrita, Kallu Yadav) Higher expressed the elevation; need for improved hence water supply as suitable for well as space to

water tank. keep cattle. Hence, space

below/ around water tank must be available for cattle-keeping.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 88 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. Proposed Location and Ownership Present Sensi Summary of Location map from Google Pictorial view of site/location No. zone /OHT Site description features / -tive Discussions with No. land use features Local People 12 2/ Within school State Govt. Stack of - School authorities 2-2 premises of building would be happy Govt. waste to provide space Residential materials for water tank Company Bagh near school gate. High School New school building constructed recently with toilet facilities. Water is a felt need.

13 2/ On Highway Land Vacant - Discussions held 2-3 between Jain belonging to with Dr. Md. temple and Rly. Inter-level Zahirullah, station Muslim High Principal and Dr. School, Farukh Ali, Bhagalpur. General Secretary of School Managing Committee. In principle, both agreed to allow usage of part of

school land for OHT; subject to approval by the Managing Committee. Municipal

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 89 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. Proposed Location and Ownership Present Sensi Summary of Location map from Google Pictorial view of site/location No. zone /OHT Site description features / -tive Discussions with No. land use features Local People Corporation, Bhagalpur has sent a formal letter to the

school authorities regarding the issue.

14 5/ Rajakiyakrit Municipal land One hand - Discussion with 5-1 Prathamik tube well Mr. Shekhar Vidyalay, Kumar Gupta, Kalabganj School Teacher, students and residents of nearby areas. At present, no water supply in school and surrounding areas; residents face great difficulties related to water availability in summer; need improved water supply facilities.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 90 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. Proposed Location and Ownership Present Sensi Summary of Location map from Google Pictorial view of site/location No. zone /OHT Site description features / -tive Discussions with No. land use features Local People 15 5/ Agriculture State Govt. Shrub land 5-2 Market Complex, Baghbari

16 5/ Aliganj Katghat Municipal Tube well of - Residents 5-3 Corporation corporation expressed that ever since tubewell of Corporation became defunct, they face great difficulty in getting water for domestic use.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 91 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. Proposed Location and Ownership Present Sensi Summary of Location map from Google Pictorial view of site/location No. zone /OHT Site description features / -tive Discussions with No. land use features Local People 17 5/ Maulana Chowk Municipal Open ground - 5-4 Maidan Corporation

18 5/ Mughalpura Municipal Open ground Extreme 5-5 Qawwali Corporation hardships faced Maidan, due to water Hussainabad scarcity; residents are very keen on OHT being built at the location.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 92 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Proposed Water Treatment Plant Site Sl. No. Proposed Location and Ownership Present land Sensitive Location map from Google Pictorial view of site/location WTP area Site use features description 1 4 ha Barari; Health Open ground - Department, GoB

List of Persons Consulted regarding proposed facility locations: Councillors, Municipal Engineer and municipal staff were consulted for identification of suitable sites for WTP and OHTs. Discussions were held with the following residents of Bhagalpur (living in the vicinity of sites considered for selection) regarding suitability of selected sites for OHTs: Mr. Deepak Chowdhary, Ms. Savitri Devi, Mr. Shyam Prasad, Mohammad Iqram Ansari, Mohammad Iqbal Khaleel, Mohammad Soin Ansari, Mohammad Ali Shabbir, Ms. Krishna Devi, Mr. Lal Bahadur Singh, Ms. Beena Devi, Ms. Neelam Maithrani, Bulu Devi, Mr. Tilak, Ms. Anita Devi, Mr. Ajit Prasad Gupta, Ms. Alka Yadav, Ms. Amrita, Mr. Kallu Yadav, Mr. Shekhar Kumar Gupta, Mr. Harsh Vardhan and Ms. Anju Majhi. In sites located on land belonging to schools, school teachers and students were consulted wherever available; further consultations may be required with school authorities before finalizing RP proposals. Dr. CM Das, Registrar, Bhagalpur University and Dr. Md. Zahirullah, Principal and Dr. Farukh Ali, General Secretary, Inter-level Muslim High School were also consulted about their willingness to provide land for OHTs and water and sanitation requirements in their school. Consultations were held in December 2010 and February 2011.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 93 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

15.6 Attachment 6: Break up of Block cost Estimate Table 15.21 Details of Cost break-up of Project Cost Sl. Major Items of works For Phase I i.e 2026 demand (as on December 2010) No. Unit Rate in Rs. Amt in Rs. 1 Water Intake and Raw Water 126 mld Pumping Station - New Proposed Civil and Piping Jack well at river Ganga 2 nos 60,000,000 120,000,000 Intake Channel 100 m 1,00,000 10,000,000 Piping arrangement with all 1 nos 3,000,000 3,000,000 accessories PN1.6 Header Piping arrangement 1 sets 10,000,000 10,000,000

Velocity Cap Arrangement Lump sum 4,000,000 Access bridge 100 M 180,000 18,000,000 Mechanical Pumping arrangement with column 5 nos 4,000,000 20,000,000 assembly (VT Pumps 1650cum/hr, head 36m), and cooling pumps Crane of 10t capacity 2 nos 2,500,000 5,000,000 Desilting pump of Submersible 4 nos 1,000,000 4,000,000 vortex type Travelling screen and Sluice gates 4 nos 6,000,000 24,000,000 Electrical and Instrumentation HT motors 5 nos 1,000,000 5,000,000 Other electrical items 1 LS 2,000,000 2,000,000 225,000,000 2 Water Intake and Raw Water 18 mld Pumping Station – Existing Civil and Piping RCC channel 20 m 40,000 800,000 Non-metal rubber armored hose 400 m 100,000 40,000,000 pipe arrangement River bed support for attachment 200 m 30,000 6,000,000 Rehabilitation of well 2 LS 1,000,000 2,000,000 Mechanical Rehabilitaion of mechanical and 2 LS 10,000,000 20,000,000 electrical components of well Crane of 10t capacity 2 nos 1,000,000 2,000,000 Desilting pump of Submersible 4 nos 1,000,000 4,000,000 vortex type Rehabilitation of Trash rack and 4 nos 6,000,000 24,000,000 Sluice gates 98,800,000

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 94 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. Major Items of works For Phase I i.e 2026 demand (as on December 2010) No. Unit Rate in Rs. Amt in Rs. 3 Raw Water Pumping Main 129 mld MS 1200mm dia welded pipe 2.9 km 47,800,000 138,620,000 Sluice valves 400mm dia PN1.0 5 nos 143,200 716,000 Air valves 80mm dia 2 nos 18,000 36,000 Butterfly valve 400 mm 5 nos 264,000 1,320,000 Sluice valves 1100mm dia 2 nos 240,000 480,000 Surge control device 2 no 500,000 1,000,000 142,172,000 4 Water Treatment Plant - Proposed 93 mld Civil and Piping Presettling tank (for 120 mld) 1 LS 24,345,550 24,345,550 Cascade Aerator and Parshall 1 LS 4,705,882 4,705,882 Flume (for 120 mld) Flash mixer, Distribution, 1 LS 35,057,592 35,057,592 Flocculation, Tube-settler Filtration unit 1 LS 92,513,089 92,513,089 Sludge handling facilities (120 mld) 1 LS 21,176,471 21,176,471 Chlorination and Chemical dosing 1 LS 11,764,706 11,764,706 building with facilities (120 mld) Other facilities 1 LS 23,529,412 23,529,412 Mechanical Motors and mixers 1 LS 486,911 486,911 Pumps 1 LS 973,822 973,822 Centrifuge 1 LS 5,842,932 5,842,932 Others- Filter control, Compressors, 1 LS 3,651,832 3,651,832 Crane, Hoist, wighing machine Electrical and Instrumentation HT/LT&Lighting 1 LS 470,588 470,588 Sub-station and cables 1 LS 5,647,059 5,647,059 SCADA with PLCs, Hardware, 1 Lot 4,705,882 4,705,882 Software & Instrumentation 234,871,728 5 Water Treatment Plant - Existing 17.3 mld Civil and Piping Presettling tank Cascade Aerator and Parshall 1 LS 1,137,255 1,137,255 Flume (29 mld) Flash mixer, Distribution, 1 LS 6,521,466 6,521,466 Flocculation, Tube-settler Filtration unit 1 LS 8,604,712 8,604,712 Sludge handling facilities (29 mld) 1 LS 5,117,647 5,117,647

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 95 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. Major Items of works For Phase I i.e 2026 demand (as on December 2010) No. Unit Rate in Rs. Amt in Rs. Chlorination and Chemical dosing 1 LS 2,843,137 2,843,137 building with facilities Other facilities 1 LS 5,686,275 5,686,275 Mechanical Motors and mixers 1 LS 90,576 90,576 Pumps 1 LS 181,152 181,152 Centrifuge 1 LS 1,086,911 1,086,911 Others- Filter control, Compressors, 1 LS 679,319 679,319 Crane, Hoist, wighing machine Electrical and Instrumentation HT/LT&Lighting 1 LS 113,725 113,725 Sub-station and cables 1 LS 0 SCADA with PLCs, Hardware, 1 Lot 0 Software & Instrumentation 32,062,175 6 Clear Water Sump And Pumping 17.3 mld Station – Existing Civil and Piping Clear water sump and pump station 1 LS 6,105,882 6,105,882 Piping arrangement with all 2 Lot 1,137,255 2,274,510 accessories Header Piping arrangement 2 Lot 398,039 796,078 Mechanical Pumping arrangement with column 2 nos 4,000,000 8,000,000 assembly (VT Pumps 1250cum/hr, head 90m av.), with cooling pumps. Pumps for WTP service water 1 LOT 486,911 486,911 EOT crane 1 nos 1,000,000 1,000,000 Surge protection device 1 nos 584,293 584,293 Electrical and Instrumentation HT Motors 2 nos 1,000,000 2,000,000 Other Electrical items 1 LS 3,164,921 3,164,921 24,412,596 7 Clear Water Sump And Pumping 120 mld Station – Proposed Civil and Piping Clear water sump and pump station 1 LS 56,544,503 56,544,503 Piping arrangement with all 5 Lot 4,705,882 23,529,412 accessories Header Piping arrangement 5 Lot 2,198,953 10,994,764 Mechanical

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 96 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. Major Items of works For Phase I i.e 2026 demand (as on December 2010) No. Unit Rate in Rs. Amt in Rs. Pumping arrangement with column 6 nos 4,000,000 24,000,000 assembly (VT Pumps 1200cum/hr, head 110m av.), with cooling pumps. Pumps for WTP service water 1 LOT 486,911 486,911 EOT crane 1 nos 1,000,000 1,000,000 Surge protection device 6 nos 584,293 3,505,759 Electrical and Instrumentation HT Motors 6 nos 1,000,000 6,000,000 Other Electrical items 1 LS 3,164,921 3,164,921 129,226,270 8 Clear Water Pumping Main 123 mld DI K9 600mm dia 27000 m 22,468 606,636,000 DI K9 400mm dia 20000 m 12,174 243,480,000 Sluice valves 600mm dia PN1.6 14 nos 372,000 5,208,000 Sluice valves 400mm dia PN1.6 7 138,000 920,000 Air valves 80mm dia PN1.6 5 nos 18,000 90,000 Butterfly valve 600 mm PN1.6 5 nos 445,540 2,227,700 Pipe jack 1 LS 5,000,000 5,000,000 863,561,700 9 Overhead Tank Civil structure of reservoir (18 nos x 26.73 ML 14,000,000 374,220,000 average 1.485 ML capacity each) Others 18 Nos 400,000 7,200,000 381,420,000 10 Distribution System Pipe diameter 177,028 m 500mm DI K7 1255 m 14,565 18,279,075 400mm DI K7 2510 m 10,461 26,257,110 350mm DI K7 3765 m 8,725 32,849,625 315mm HDPE PN6 5021 m 7,115 35,724,415 250mm HDPE PN6 12551 m 4,495 56,416,745 200mm HDPE PN6 22054 m 2,888 63,691,952 160mm HDPE PN6 33757 m 1,854 62,585,478 110mm HDPE PN6 96115 m 885 85,061,775 Valves and other accessories 1 LS 30 % 114,259,853 Bulk Flow meters & district meters 30 nos 500,000 15,000,000 Road Restoration 144,510 m2 1,700 245,667,000 755,793,028 11 Water Meter Connection (For Existing Households)

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 97 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Sl. Major Items of works For Phase I i.e 2026 demand (as on December 2010) No. Unit Rate in Rs. Amt in Rs. Domestic water meter including 52000 nos 4,500 234,000,000 234,000,000 house connection of existing as on 2011 Commercial Water meter

12 Environmental and Social safeguard Environmental Management and 30 mnth Lump Sum 6,367,000 Monitoring Resettlement Cost 30 mnth Lumpsum 6,725,000 13,092,000

TOTAL 3,134,411,497

12 Land Cost Raw water pipe 0 Ha 43,830,000 0 WTP 3 Ha 43,830,000 131,490,000 Tubewell Pump house 0 Ha 43,830,000 0 OHT 2.88 Ha 43,830,000 126,230,400 257,720,400 13 Power Supply To Intake & WTP 1 LS 50,000,000 50,000,000 50,000,000 14 Survey & Investigation Topographic survey 251 km 10,000 2,510,000 Area survey 10.92 Ha 5,000 54,600 Utility survey 74 km 7,000 518,000 Geotechnical survey at OHTs 18 nos 50,000 900,000 Geotechnical survey at WTP 5 nos 45,000 225,000 Geotechnical survey at Intake 2 nos 160,000 320,000 Bathymetry survey 1 LS 1,000,000 1,000,000 5,527,600 TOTAL BASE COST 3,447,659,497

15 Engineering Cost 4% of project cost (design + 137,596,560 supervision)48

48 The firm subprojects for investment program amounts to $ 237million (Refer ADB mission aide memoire 27 Jan – 2 Feb 2011). With addition of nonphysical investment of $ 20 million the total subproject cost stands at $ 257 million. The consultancy cost estimate = $ 11 million, which is 4.2 % of the subprojects cost.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 98 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

15.7 Attachment 7: Break up of O&M Cost Table 15.22 Cost of Personnel

No. Designation Total staff Rate per month (Rs) Total cost per month (Rs) Skilled Staff 1 Executive Engineer 1 50000 50000 2 Assistant Engineer 3 35000 105000 3 Mechanical Engineer 2 35000 70000 4 Electrical Engineer 2 35000 70000 5 Junior Engineer 10 25000 250000 6 Technical Assistant 10 20000 200000 7 Chemist 1 25000 25000 8 Lab. Technician 3 15000 45000 9 Lab. Attendant 3 10000 30000 10 Chlorinator Operator 2 15000 30000 11 Pump Operator 8 15000 120000 12 Filter Operator 4 15000 60000 13 Electrician 5 15000 75000 14 Chemical Operator 4 15000 60000 15 Supervisor 12 20000 240000 16 Mechanic 13 15000 195000 17 Assistant Mechanic 13 12000 156000 18 Chlorine Operator 3 15000 45000 Chemical Dosing 19 8 12000 96000 Staff 20 Dehydrator Operator 4 15000 60000 21 Helper 9 12000 108000 22 Plumber 10 12000 120000 23 Helper 20 8000 160000 Other Staff 24 Meter Reading 3 20000 60000 25 Accounts staff 5 10000 50000 26 Support staff 10 7000 70000 27 Security staff 9 7000 63000 28 Gardener & Others 10 7000 70000 Total 186 2683000 Total cost per year 2683000 x 12 = 32,196,000

Note : Other administrative staff are not included in the list.

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 99 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

Table 15.23 Cost of Chemicals Consumption per year (in Total Cost in Rs per Major chemicals Rate (in Rs.) ton) Proposed & Existing year Alum 1326+247 13000 20,439,438 Lime 663+123 12000 9,433,587 Chlorine 139+26 32000 5,263,072 Total 35,136,098

Table 15.24 Cost of Power

Power in KW Hours in a day Power unit KWHr Proposed & Existing WTP Raw water pumping Stations 800+200 20 max 14,325 WTP Mechanical electrical 460+70 24 max 7,129 components Clear water pumping Stations 1900+120 20 max 39,805 Total power in a day 61,259 Total power in a year 22,359,608 Power tarrif Rate Rs. 4.5 Total cost Rs. Per year 100,618,237

Table 15.25 Total O&M Cost

Amount in Rs / year

1 Power 100,618,237 2 Chemical 35,136,098 3 Manpower 32,196,000 4 Others 13,200,000 Total 181,150,335

Subproject Appraisal Report - Bhagalpur Water Supply 100 Bihar Urban Development Investment Program

15.8 Attachment 8: Economic and Financial Analysis of Bhagalpur Water Supply Project Table 15.26 Financial Projections for Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation

Particulars Actual Projections in Rs. Million 2009-10 2010-11 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2021-22 2026-27 2027-28 2031-32 2034-35 Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation (Revenue Account) Opening Balance 3.8 95.4 129.2 157.6 182.9 216.3 247.8 331.2 440.6 447.8 418.1 202.2 Revenue Income without Project Tax Revenue 25.5 36.1 63.6 61.1 61.2 73.0 75.4 76.4 96.5 126.4 127.7 166.6 218.9 Non Tax Revenue 44.4 48.8 65.0 71.5 78.6 86.5 95.1 104.6 139.2 224.3 246.7 361.2 528.8 Grants & Contribution 70.5 76.5 97.7 106.0 115.0 124.8 135.4 146.9 187.7 282.2 306.2 424.4 588.1 Other Income Total- Revenue Income without Project 140.3 161.4 226.3 238.6 254.9 284.3 306.0 328.0 423.4 632.9 680.6 952.1 1,335.8 Revenue Expenditure without Project Salaries & Allowances 96.6 106.3 141.4 155.6 171.2 188.3 207.1 227.8 303.2 488.3 537.1 786.4 1,151.4 Operation and Maintenance 39.9 42.3 51.0 54.6 58.4 62.7 67.4 72.5 91.3 137.3 149.5 211.5 302.3 Debt Servicing Total- Revenue Expenditure without Project 136.5 148.6 192.5 210.2 229.6 251.0 274.5 300.3 394.5 625.7 686.6 997.9 1,453.7 Revenue Surplus /(Deficit) (without Project) 3.8 12.9 33.8 28.4 25.3 33.4 31.5 27.7 28.9 7.2 (6.0) (45.8) (117.9)

Closing Balance 3.8 16.7 129.2 157.6 182.9 216.3 247.8 275.5 360.1 447.8 441.7 372.3 84.3 Table 15.27 Financial Projections for Water Supply Account

Water Supply Account - Existing Income 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.8 7.8 8.2 8.5 - Income - Incremental 2.4 3.1 158.2 186.0 225.0 233.3 269.9 310.8 -New Connection Fees 8.3 2.7 6.2 4.2 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.1 Total Revenue 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 17.8 12.9 171.6 197.6 234.6 243.0 280.1 321.5 Revenue Expenses - Expenditure - Existing - Expenditure - Incremental 162.50 178.51 227.82 237.37 288.53 350.71 Total Expenses 162.5 178.5 227.8 237.4 288.5 350.7 Revenue Surplus /(Deficit) 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 17.8 12.9 9.1 19.1 6.8 5.7 (8.4) (29.3) Cumulative Closing Balance 48.3 108.2 113.9 102.9 19.0

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Table 15.28 Economic Analysis of Bhagalpur Water Supply Project (in Rs. Million)

Economic Analysis - Bhagalpur Water Supply Benefit Cost Sensitivity Capital Cost O&M Over- Benefits Worst One Year Storage tank Resource Cost Total Investment OM Total Net Over-run by 20 run by 20% reduced by Scenario (all Delay cost saved Savings1 % 20% comb) 1 2013 0 0 0 299 0 299 -299 (359) (299) (299) (359) (150) 2 2014 0 0 0 599 0 599 -599 (719) (599) (599) (719) (150) 3 2015 9 23 32 898 0 898 -866 (1,046) (866) (873) (1,052) (599) 4 2016 9 44 53 1,198 0 1,198 -1,145 (1,384) (1,145) (1,155) (1,395) (866) 5 2017 21 686 707 0 136 136 571 571 544 430 403 (1,145) 6 2018 6 708 714 0 137 137 577 577 550 434 407 571 7 2019 7 730 737 0 139 139 598 598 571 451 423 577 8 2020 13 770 783 0 143 143 640 640 611 483 455 598 9 2021 4 787 791 0 144 144 647 647 618 489 460 640 10 2022 4 804 808 0 145 145 664 664 635 502 473 647 11 2023 5 822 826 0 147 147 680 680 650 514 485 664 12 2024 5 840 844 0 149 149 696 696 666 527 497 680 13 2025 5 857 862 0 151 151 711 711 681 539 509 696 14 2026 5 875 880 0 154 154 725 725 695 549 519 711 15 2027 5 894 898 0 157 157 742 742 711 562 531 725 16 2028 5 912 917 0 159 159 759 759 727 575 544 742 17 2029 5 932 937 0 161 161 776 776 744 589 556 759 18 2030 5 951 956 0 163 163 793 793 761 602 570 776 19 2031 5 970 975 0 165 165 810 810 777 615 582 793 20 2032 5 990 995 0 167 167 828 828 794 629 595 810 21 2033 5 1,009 1,015 0 169 169 845 845 811 642 609 828 22 2034 5 1,030 1,035 0 171 171 863 863 829 656 622 845 23 2035 5 1,050 1,056 0 171 171 884 884 850 673 639 863 24 2036 5 1,071 1,076 0 171 171 904 904 870 689 655 884 25 2037 5 1,071 1,076 -898 171 -727 1,803 1,983 1,769 1,588 1,733 904

Total 150 18,824 18,974 2,096 3,270 5,366 13,609 13,189 12,955 9,814 8,741 11,806

NPV @ 12% 50 3,980 4,029 2,092 712 2,804 1,225 807 1,083 419 -141 985

EIRR Base EIRR 18.3% Sensitivity SI SV 1. Includes time savings, saved health expenses, saved purification Capital Cost Over-run by 20% 12% 15.6% 1.4 69.4% costs and o&m costs of pumps O&M Cost over-run by 20% 12% 17.6% 0.3 310.3% Benefits reduced by 20% 12% 14.3% 2.3 42.8% Worst Scenario (all three) 12% 11.3% One Year Delay in Implementation 17.9%

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15.9 Attachment 9: Involuntary Resettlement Check List Table 15.29 Involuntary Resettlement Impact Screening Checklist-Bhagalpur Probable Involuntary Yes No Not Remarks Resettlement Effects Known

Involuntary Acquisition of Land

1. Will there be land √ Government land identified for WTP (4 ha) and 17 OHTs acquisition? (40 m x 40 m - avg.) – refer details of each site in Attachment 5; BMC has identified land for 1 OHT on land belonging to a school (Muslim School, run by a religious Trust) and is in the process of formalizing the arrangement through an agreement. Rehabilitation of existing distribution system and new distribution system in other areas is proposed along existing road RoWs, for which land acquisition is not foreseen. 2. Is the site for land Not applicable; there will be no land acquisition. Land acquisition known? required for all facilities proposed under the sub-project in Bhagalpur has been identified and ownership ascertained (refer Appendix 1 - RP for details). 3. Is the ownership status Not applicable, as no land acquisition is envisaged. Details and current usage of land to of ownership status and current usage of land for WTP site be acquired known? and 18 OHTs is known (refer details in Attachment 5). 4. Will easement be utilized √ within an existing Right of Way (ROW)?5. Will there be loss of √ All government land identified (for WTP and OHTs) does shelter and residential land not have any housing/shelter. The OHT site identified on due to land acquisition? land belonging to the Muslim School is vacant. Temporary impacts on non-titled persons (~4 households living in kutcha structures) are envisaged during construction of transmission mains; compensation for loss of non-land assets is provided for in the RP.

6. Will there be loss of √ All sites identified for proposed facilities under the water agricultural and other supply sub-project in Bhagalpur are within the jurisdiction of productive assets due to the Corporation and are urban in character; no agricultural land acquisition? use is found on any of the selected sites. 7. Will there be losses of √ Sites identified for WTP and 18 OHTs do not involve land crops, trees, and fixed acquisition; care will be taken to ensure that existing trees assets due to on identified sites49 are not affected. land acquisition?

49 There are a few trees in the proposed WTP site and on the OHT site proposed on University land. Felling of trees on these sites can be avoided through careful location/design of proposed facilities; site sketches with footprints of facility locations in Appendix 1 reveal that tree felling can be avoided.

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Probable Involuntary Yes No Not Remarks Resettlement Effects Known

8. Will there be loss of √ Sites identified for WTP and 18 OHTs will not require land businesses or enterprises acquisition and will not lead to loss of businesses or due to land enterprises. acquisition? Temporary losses may be suffered by ~3966 hawkers and vendors during construction. These can be minimized through construction in off-peak/non-festive seasons when sales are low and through quick /timely execution of work. Potential temporary loss of access by customers to residences, shops, offices and enterprises during construction must be minimized by making appropriate access arrangements / maintaining access. 9. Will there be loss of √ For sites that have been identified, no permanent land income sources and means acquisition is envisaged. of livelihoods due to land During construction of pipelines, temporary economic acquisition? impacts on ~3966 hawkers and vendors are likely. Alternative temporary sites for vendors to continue economic activity so as to avoid/minimize impacts on livelihood proposed. The Entitlement Matrix for BUDIP provides for temporary income losses, with special provisions for vulnerable households. Involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas

10. Will people lose access √ 4 (of the 18) OHTs are proposed on land belonging to to natural resources, educational institutions; however, loss of 40x40m (avg) communal facilities and space shall be in presently unused portions of land services? belonging to the respective institutions. Hence, loss of access to facilities by users is not anticipated. The remaining facilities (WTP and 14 OHTs) proposed on Government land are also not expected to have such impacts on users. One OHT on municipal land (2-1) will impact people using the space to keep cattle; care is to be taken to avoid potential conflicts and provide alternatives to the community through a process of consultation with the community. 11. If land use is changed, √ will it have an adverse impact on social and economic activities? 12. Will access to land and √ For sites that have been identified, access to land and resources owned resources by community/state shall not be restricted. In communally or case of OHTs proposed on institutional land, the proposed by the state be restricted? facility is expected to occupy presently unused and vacant corners of land available; hence, these are not expected to lead to any loss of access to land/resources. The proposed intake in the river is not likely to have any permanent impact on access to resources by the fishing community, which will benefit from involvement in dolphin conservation activities (refer EIA for Bhagalpur Water Supply). Information on Displaced Persons:

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Probable Involuntary Yes No Not Remarks Resettlement Effects Known

Any estimate of the likely number of persons that will be displaced No permanent displacement is likely due to the proposed by the Project? Yes [√ ] No [ ] sub-project. Temporary impacts on ~4 non-titled If yes, approximately how many? households living in kutcha structures during construction of raw water transmission mains, are envisaged. . Compensation for non-land assets lost by such households is provided for in the RP. Are any of them poor, female-heads of households, or vulnerable Not known; to be confirmed through Census Survey of the to poverty risks? Yes [ ] No [ ] ~4 temporarily affected non-titled households during RP updation. Are any displaced persons from indigenous or ethnic minority No IP groups are present in Bhagalpur town or district; groups? Yes [ ] No [√] there are no scheduled areas in Bhagalpur district. Categorization Involuntary Resettlement Category [ ] Category A: 200 or more people will be severely affected (physically displaced from housing or losing 10% or more of their productive/income-generating assets). Resettlement Plan is required. [√ ] Category B: Less significant resettlement impacts than Category A. Resettlement Plan is required. [ ] Category C: No person is permanently affected.

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15.10 Attachment 10: Indigenous Peoples Impact Check List Table 15.30 Indigenous Peoples Impact Screening Checklist KEY CONCERNS (Please provide YES NO NOT KNOWN Remarks elaborations on the Remarks column) Indigenous Peoples

Identification 1. Are there socio-cultural There are no IPs or EM groups in sub- groups present in or use the project locations in Bhagalpur. The city project area who may be has a small proportion of Scheduled considered as "tribes" (hill Tribe population (0.48%)50, which tribes, schedules tribes, does not have distinctive customs/ tribal peoples), "minorities" cultural mores/economic (ethnic or national activities/language/collective minorities), or "indigenous attachement to land. There are no √ communities" in the project ethnic minorities in Bhagalpur. Land area? required for WTP and construction of 18 OHTs has been identified and IP/EM groups are not present on the same. Transect walks did not reveal the presence of IPs – hence proposals for rehabilitation and new pipelines are not expected to impact IPs. 2. Are there national or local laws or policies as well as anthropological researches/studies that consider these groups present in or using the √ project area as belonging to "ethnic minorities", scheduled tribes, tribal peoples, national minorities, or cultural communities? 3. Do such groups self- identify as being part of a √ distinct social and cultural group? 4. Do such groups maintain collective attachments to distinct habitats or ancestral √ territories and/or to the natural resources in these habitats and territories?

1. According to the Census 2001, 8.2 percent of India‟s population is classified as ST. In comparison with the national figure, Bihar has only 0.91 percent of population classified as ST (758,351 of a population of 82,998,509 based on Census of India, 2001). In Urban Bihar, only 0.47 percent of the total urban population of the State is classified as Scheduled Tribe (ST). Hence, BUDP is not likely to have any adverse impacts on IP/EM groups in any of the project towns.

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KEY CONCERNS (Please provide YES NO NOT KNOWN Remarks elaborations on the Remarks column) 5. Do such groups maintain cultural, economic, social, and political institutions √ distinct from the dominant society and culture? 6. Do such groups speak a √ distinct language or dialect? 7. Has such groups been Not applicable, in the present context. historically, socially and Historically, undivided Bihar had IP economically marginalized, groups and scheduled areas; these disempowered, excluded, are now part of the state of Jharkhand. and/or discriminated There is a record of oppression/land against? alienation of IP groups in undivided Bihar, who then rose against the regime and obtained the right to reclaim their land, through the Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act, 1908. The Act is still applicable in Bihar, though there are no scheduled areas in the State. 8. Are such groups There is a practice of reservation of represented as "Indigenous 50% seats in the Municipal Council Peoples" or as "ethnic and State legislature for people minorities" or "scheduled belonging to the Scheduled Castes √ tribes" or "tribal populations" and Scheduled Tribes. in any formal decision- making bodies at the national or local levels? B. Identification of Potential

Impacts 9. Will the project directly or Not applicable, as the “scheduled indirectly benefit or target √ tribe” population in Bhagalpur are not Indigenous Peoples? IPs. 10. Will the project directly or indirectly affect Indigenous Peoples' traditional socio-cultural and √ Same as above belief practices? (e.g. child- rearing, health, education, arts, and governance) 11. Will the project affect the livelihood systems of Indigenous Peoples? (e.g., food production system, √ Same as above natural resource management, crafts and trade, employment status)

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KEY CONCERNS (Please provide YES NO NOT KNOWN Remarks elaborations on the Remarks column) 12. Will the project be in an area (land or territory) occupied, owned, or used √ Same as above by Indigenous Peoples, and/or claimed as ancestral domain? C. Identification of Special Requirements

Will the project activities include: 13. Commercial development of the cultural √ resources and knowledge of Indigenous Peoples? 14. Physical displacement from traditional or √ customary lands? 15. Commercial development of natural resources (such as minerals, hydrocarbons, forests, water, hunting or fishing grounds) within customary lands under use √ that would impact the livelihoods or the cultural, ceremonial, spiritual uses that define the identity and community of Indigenous Peoples? 16. Establishing legal recognition of rights to lands and territories that are traditionally owned or √ customarily used, occupied or claimed by indigenous peoples ?

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KEY CONCERNS (Please provide YES NO NOT KNOWN Remarks elaborations on the Remarks column) 17. Acquisition of lands that Government land (vacant sites) has are traditionally owned or been identified for the WTP and 17 customarily used, occupied OHTs. A site (40x40m) for an OHT is or claimed by indigenous identified on land belonging to Muslim peoples ? High School, which is also vacant. Since there are no scheduled areas in Bhagalpur, IPs are not likely to be affected. Care will be taken to ensure √ that there is no acquisition of land from STs. No permanent resettlement impacts are envisaged in Bhagalpur. Temporary impacts, if any, will be minimized. In case of unforeseen impacts on IPs, additional entitlements will be accorded to affected IPs (if any) as part of the Resettlement Plan.

D. Anticipated project impacts on Indigenous Peoples : Not applicable, as there are no Indigenous Peoples Project component/ Anticipated positive effect Anticipated negative effect activity/ output

E. Categorization [ ] Category A: It is likely to have significant IP impacts. An IPP including assessment of social impacts is required. [ ] Category B: It is likely to have limited IP impacts. An IPP including assessment of social impacts is required. [√ ] Category C: No impact. The magnitude of impact in terms of (i) customary rights of use and access to land and natural resources; (ii) socialeconomic status; (iii) cultural and communal integrity; (iv) health, education, livelihood, and social security status; and (v) the recognition of indigenous knowledge The level of vulnerability of the affected IP community.

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15.11 Attachment 11: Initial Poverty and Social Analysis Table 15.31 Initial Poverty and Social Analysis A. Initial Social Analysis Who are the potential primary The water supply sub-project in Bhagalpur is designed to be inclusive and result beneficiaries of the project? How do in broad-based growth benefiting both poor and non-poor. Elements such as the poor and the socially excluded provision of water up to the boundaries of slum areas will permit slum benefit from the project? households to link up with the city network using funds available from slum upgrading programs funded by the central and state government, improving particularly the lives of poor women and girl children. The project shall provide direct benefits in the form of employment opportunities for unskilled labour.

Indirect benefits in terms of time savings, health opportunity costs saved etc. are also envisaged for poor (and non-poor) households in Bhagalpur.

Citizens do not have access to basic municipal infrastructure and services, 2. What are the potential needs of including water supply, sanitation, and solid waste management. Improved beneficiaries in relation to the water supply system was stated as top priority by over 60% respondents of the proposed project? household survey conducted in Bhagalpur. Discussions with users of/residents around government sites where OHTs are proposed revealed the acute felt need for drinking water facilities in those areas.

3. What are the potential constraints Affordability of poor and vulnerable households to pay connection charge is a in accessing the proposed benefits potential constraint. This can be addressed either by facilitating access to and services, and how will the project micro-finance under various Government schemes or by allowing payments in address them? installments.

B. Consultation and Participation 1. Indicate the potential initial Potential initial list of stakeholders include: ADB, GoB, in particular, UDHD, GoB stakeholders. and BUIDCO (PMU), Bhagalpur Municipal Corporation (BMC), ULB staff in PIU, Councillors and other elected representatives, NGOs/Civil Society, academia including experts in dolphin research at Bhagalpur University, businessmen, shopkeepers, industrialists, fishing community (Mallah), Jal Shramik Sammelan,

Dolphin Mitra, community members (women and men, poor and vulnerable households), SHGs/CBOs, project consultants, implementing NGO, contractors, state government departments providing land for WTP / OHTs, Bhagalpur University as land donor for OHT, present users of land where OHTs proposed, Project Affected Persons (temporarily affected persons including hawkers, vendors and shopkeepers) and DFID SPUR.

2. What type of consultation and During project preparation, stakeholder consultations were an important participation (C&P) is required during element of project development and design. Structured Focus Group the project processing (e.g., Discussions were held with the community, discussions were held with workshops, community mobilization, municipal officials and joint site visits conducted, which helped identify and involvement of nongovernment prioritise sub-projects and components of the same. Consultation Workshops organizations (NGOs) and were undertaken in Bhagalpur with municipal officials, elected representatives, community-based organizations, non-government organizations (NGOs), citizens and affected persons during etc.)? the project processing phase; key areas of focus were sub-project features and costs, environmental and social disclosure. Consultation, information, education, and communication activities shall continue in subsequent stages. 3. What level of participation is

envisaged for project design?

Consultation (refer C&P Strategy) 4. Will a C&P plan be prepared ?

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Yes C. Gender and Development 1. What are the key gender issues in Gender analysis undertaken (based on sex-disaggregated primary and the sector/subsector8 that are likely to secondary data for the town and for urban Bihar) for BUDIP reveals that the be relevant to this project/program? status of women in Bihar is worse than that in other parts of the country (in terms of Gender Development Index). In the context of the proposed water supply sub-project in Bhagalpur, primary data reveals the presence of about 5% woman-headed households; several of them having multiple disadvantages.

Transect walks revealed potential impacts on ~198 women APs (hawkers and vendors) during laying of pipelines. The implementing NGO will identify such vulnerable households and ensure they are facilitated (through micro-finance or subsidies) in accessing project benefits.

2. Does the proposed project have A Gender Action Plan (GAP) has been prepared. It provides for involvement of the potential to promote gender women in various stages of the project cycle : in awareness generation and equality and/or women‟s consultation, training and recruitment of poor women for project related empowerment by improving women‟s unskilled jobs/O&M of water supply assets. It also provides for pro-poor access to and use of opportunities, schedule of tariffs for water supply and sanitation services; and inclusion in user services, resources, assets, and charge plans, lifeline user rates to benefit the poor, vulnerable, and women- participation in decision headed households. It also provides for recruitment and training of women staff making? in the PMU and PIU, gender orientation to all PMU and PIU staff, concerned ULB officials and staff, and project contractors and incorporation of gender items in the Project Information Format for regular reporting and inclusion of gender indicators in the PPMS.

Women (especially those belonging to poor households) are likely to benefit greatly in terms of productive time saved in water collection (as they are primarily responsible for water collection and purification at household level) and care of sick members of households (they are also primary care-givers for sick members of the household; and a majority of illnesses reported in the primary survey of households were either water/vector-borne diseases).

3. Could the proposed project have an adverse impact on women and/or No girls or to widen gender inequality?

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