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PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN BERBASIS E-PLANNING DI KABUPATEN SUBANG

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PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN BERBASIS E-PLANNING DI KABUPATEN SUBANG Dinamika : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara e-ISSN 2614-2945 Volume 6 Nomor 4, Bulan Desember Tahun 2019 PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN BERBASIS e-PLANNING DI KABUPATEN SUBANG Oleh : Diah Andani [email protected] Program Pascasarjana Magister Ilmu Administrasi Universitas Subang ABSTRAK Perencanaan Pembangunan Berbasis e-Planning di Kabupaten Subang. Penelitian dan penulisan ini membahas hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan bagaimana Perencanaan Pembangunan Berbasis e-Planning di Kabupaten Subang sesuai dengan Prinsip ideal perencanaan dikemukakan oleh Jamshid Gharajedagi dan Rusell L. Ackoff (dalam Ginandjar Kartasasmita yaitu Partisipatif, Berkesinambungan, dan Holistik. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif, karena penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran yang diteliti digunakan untuk mengungkapkan permasalahan dalam kehidupan kerja organisasi pemerintah dan observasi, wawancara, studi kepustakaan, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Perencanaan Pembangunan Berbasis e-Planning di Kabupaten Subang sesuai dengan Prinsip ideal perencanaan dikemukakan oleh Jamshid Gharajedagi dan Rusell L. Ackoff (dalam Ginandjar Kartasasmita yaitu Partisipatif, bahwa meskipun sejauh ini system digitalisasi telah digunakan, baik proses maupun hasil perencanaan pembangunan itu sendiri masih belum benar-benar bisa dilihat oleh masyarakat. Selain dari pada itu transparansi dinilai masih semu. Hal ini disebutkan karena system masih dalam proses pengembangan. Berkesinambungan, bahwa beberapa usulan masih dalam bentuk tertulis, tidak seluruh pengajuan di ajukan dalam sistem elektronik. Selama ini pemerintah Kabupaten Subang memfasilitasi SIRENDA sebagai situs yang menampung seluruh ajuan masyarakat, namun seluruh ide dan aspirasi tidak dimuat secara langsung. Holistik, bahwa masih terdapat GAP antara realisasi dengan pengajuan, seharunya ketika telah berbasis elektronik, maka tidak ada GAP temukan. Selain dari pada itu trouble jaringan dan sulitnya komunikasi dengan operator perangkat daerah dinilai menjadi sorotan penting bagi pemerintah. Kata Kunci : Perencanaan Pembangunan, Berbasis E-Planning A. PEDAHULUAN pembangunan yaitu sebagai arahan untuk Keberhasilan pembangunan suatu berjalan menuju tujuan yang ingin dicapai. negara tidak terlepas dari proses Berawal dari terbitnya Permendagri perencanaan yang baik. Pembangunan Nomor 54 Tahun 2010 tentang merupakan proses perubahan kearah yang Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor lebih baik lagi, dan perencanaan berfungsi 8 Tahun 2008 Tentang Tahapan, Tatacara sebagai alat koordinasi antar lembaga Penyusunan, Pengendalian, dan Evaluasi pemerintahan untuk menghasilkan Pelaksanaan Rencana Pembangunan dokumen perencanaan dan untuk mecapai Daerah, Pemerintah Kabupaten Subang tujuan pembangunan. Perencanaan berupaya untuk tertib administrasi dan memiliki peran penting dalam proses tepat waktu dalam hal perencanaan pembangunan daerah. Permendagri 194 Dinamika : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara e-ISSN 2614-2945 Volume 6 Nomor 4, Bulan Desember Tahun 2019 Nomor 54 Tahun 2010 mengatur tentang 1. Transparansi dalam perencanaan kewajiban pemerintah daerah dalam pembangunan masih belum penyusunan Rencana Pembangunan benar-benar transparan, sehingga Jangka Panjang Daerah (RPJPD), Rencana dalam hal ini keikutsertaan Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah masyarakat dinilai masih minim (RPJMD), Rencana Strategis Rencana karena masyarakat didak dapat Strategis Satuan Kerja Pemerintah Daerah mengetahui atau mendapatkan (Renstra SKPD), Rencana Kerja informasi yang jelas dan akurat Pemerintah Daerah (RKPD) dan Rencana terkait dengan rumusan Kerja Satuan Kerja Pemerintah Daerah perencanaan pembangunan. (Renja SKPD). 2. Masih belum optimalnya dalam Terbatasnya waktu dan terlalu memanfaatkan kemajuan panjangnya proses penyusunan sesuai teknologi dalam perencanaan permendagri dimaksud membuat pembangunan. Usulan-usulan Pemerintah Kabupaten Subang melakukan perencanaan pembangunan inovasi dalam proses penyusunan dilakukan secara manual dan perencanaan pembangunan tanpa melalui perwakilan dalam bentuk mengurangi keakuratan data serta tertulis melalui pemerintahan ketepatan waktu yang diberikan membuat tingkat bawah. Sehingga pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Subang Perencanaan pembangunan memanfaatkan Teknologi dalam Proses membutuhkan waktu dan proses Perencanaan Pembangunan yakni aplikasi yang cukup panjang. berbasis komputer yang dinamakan e- 3. Perencanaan pembangunan Planning guna mendukung dan membantu masih belum terintegrasi, proses penyusunan perencanaan daerah di sehingga perencanaan Kabupaten Subang pembangunan masih belum Pada tahun 2016 Kabupaten Subang efektif dan efisien. pertama kali menggunakan Aplikasi e- Berdasarkan uraian diatas penulis Planning dalam proses penyusunan renstra tertarik untuk meneliti tentang tahun 2016-2021 yang di sahkan oleh “Perencanaan Pembangunan Berbasis e- Bupati Subang saat itu yakni Hj. Imas Planning di Kabupaten Subang” Aryumningsih, SE. Dengan aplikasi e- Rumusan Masalah Planningdiharapkan mampu menghasilkan Penulis merumuskan masalah Renstra yang berkualitas karena digunakan sebagai berikut : “Bagaimana Perencanaan sebagai acuan bagi seluruh perangkat Pembangunan Berbasise-Planning di daerah dalam menjalankan program- Kabupaten Subang?” program dan kegiatan-kegiatan selama Tujuan Penelitian lima tahun ke depan agar tujuan dan Adapun tujuannya yakni untuk sasaran perangkat daerah akan sesuai mengetahui Perencanaan Pembangunan dengan yang direncanakan. Namun pada Berbasis e-Planning di Kabupaten Subang. penerapannya hingga saat ini masih di temukan beberapa permasalahan, B. KAJIAN PUSTAKA diantaranya : Dalam Penelitian ini penulis menggunakan teori perencanaan. 195 Dinamika : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara e-ISSN 2614-2945 Volume 6 Nomor 4, Bulan Desember Tahun 2019 Perancanaan itu sendiri berasal dari kata terus-menerus dapat diadakan rencana, yang berarti rancangan atau koreksi dan perbaikan selama sesuatu yang akan direncanakan. perencanaan dijalankan. Perencanaan harus diarahkan pada 3. Holistik tercapainya tujuan, jika tujuan tidak Prinsip holistik menunjukan tercapai mungkin di sebabkan karena bahwa masalah dalam kurang baiknya perencanaan. Artinya perencanaan dan pelaksanaannya bilamana perencanakan dirumuskan secara tidak dapat dilihat dari satu sisi tidak baik, maka akan berakibat pada (atau sektor) tetapi harus dilihat tujuan akhir, sebaliknya jika perencanaan dari berbagai aspek, dan dalam dirumuskan dengan baik maka keutuhan konsep secara kemungkinan tujuan yang di capai akan keseluruhan. baik pula. Adapun untuk mengukur penelitian C. METODE PENELITIAN ini, penulis menggunakan Prinsif Metode yang digunakan dalam Perencanaan yang ideal menurut Jamshid penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif Gharajedagi dan Rusell L. Ackoff dalam dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Tujuan buku Ginanjar Kartasasmita“Administrasi penelitian tipe deskriptif adalah Pembangunan”. Dengan 3 prinsif, yakni mendeskripsikan secara terperinci sebagai berikut : fenomena sosial tertentu. Guna 1. Partisipatif mendapatkan fenomena yang lebih Prinsip partisipatif menunjukan mendalam, maka digunakan kualitatif. bahwa rakyat atau Masyarakat Jenis dan sumber datanya yakni yang akan diuntungkan oleh berupa data primer dan data sekunder. (atau memperoleh manfaat dari) Data primer adalah data yang yang perencanaan harus turut serta diperoleh secara langsung dari objek yang dalam prosesnya. Dengan kata diteliti yang dapat berupa tanggapan, lain Masyarakat menikmati saran, kritik, pernyataan, dan penilaian dari faedah perencanaan bukan informan. Adapun informan dalam semata-mata dari hasil (product) penelitian ini adalah stakeholder di kantor perencanaan, tetapi dari BP4D Kabupaten Subang. Sedangkan data keikutsertaan dalam prosesnya. sekunder adalah data yang merupakan 2. Berkesinambungan hasil pengumpulan orang atau instansi Prinsip berkesinambungan dalam bentuk publikasi, laporan, dokumen, menunjukan bahwa perencanaan dan buku-buku lainnya yang berkaitan tidak hanya berhenti tidak pada dengan penelitian ini. satu tahap, tetapi harus berlanjut Instrumen penelitian yang sehingga menjamin adanya digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kemajuan terus-menerus dalam peneliti sendiri yang bertindak sebagai kesejahteraan, dan jangan sampai perencana, pelaksana, pengumpulan data, terjadi kemunduran (relapse). melakukan analisis menafsirkan data dan Juga diartikan perlunya evaluasi menulis laporan. dan pengawasan dalam Berdasarkan kriteria keabsahan data pelaksanaannya sehingga secara diataspenulis menggunakan kriteria 196 Dinamika : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara e-ISSN 2614-2945 Volume 6 Nomor 4, Bulan Desember Tahun 2019 kepercayaan (credibility). Adapun teknik Ackoft (dalam Ginandjar Kartasasmita pemeriksaan keabsahan data yang dipakai 1997:52-53) yang terdiri dari tiga prinsif untuk memeriksa validitas data ini adalah yakni Partisipatif, Berkesinambungan dan pemeriksaan triangulasi. Trianggulasi Holistik. merupakan teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan 1. Partisipatif data yang memanfaatkan sesuatu yang lain Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam proses diluar data itu untuk keperluan pengecekan Perencanaan Pembangunan berbasis e- atau sebagai perbandingan. Planning di Kabupaten Subang dinilai Data yang diperoleh dari lapangan, belum sepenuhnya diterapakan, baik baik data primer maupun data skunder proses maupun hasil perencanaan akan disusun dan disajikan serta pembangunanitu itu sendiri masih belum dianalisismelalui reduksi data, penyajian
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