ETHJ Vol-41 No-2
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East Texas Historical Journal Volume 41 Issue 2 Article 1 10-2003 ETHJ Vol-41 No-2 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj Part of the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Recommended Citation (2003) "ETHJ Vol-41 No-2," East Texas Historical Journal: Vol. 41 : Iss. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj/vol41/iss2/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the History at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in East Texas Historical Journal by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VOLUME XU 2003 NUMBER 2 HISTORICAL JOURNAL EAST TEXAS mSTORICAL ASSOCIATION 2002-2003 OFFICERS Ty Cashion '" President Gail K Beil First Vice President Cary D. Wintz .., Second Vice President Portia L, Gordon Secretary-Treasurer DIRECTOR.c\ R.G. Dean Nacogdoches , 2003 Sarah Greene Gilmer 2003 Dan K. Utley Pflugerville 2003 Robert C. Bashaw Lufkin 2004 W.R. "Russ" Campbell Beaumont , 2004 Alexander Pratt Texas City 2004 Priscilla M. Benham Houston 2005 Jonathan K. Gerland Diboll 2005 Beverly 1. Rowe Texarkana 2005 Linda S. Hudson Marshall ex-Presidenl Kenneth E. Hendrickson, Jr Wichita Falls ex-President EDITORIAL BOAR)) Valentine J. Belfiglio Da11as Bob Bowman " Lufkin Garna L. Christian Howloton Ouida Dean , Nacogdoches Patricia A. Gajda Tyler Robert L. Glover ,, , Flint Bobby H. Johnson ", Nacogdoches Patricia Kell Raytown Max S. LaIc , , Fort Worth Chuck Parsons Luling Fred Tarpley Conmlerce Archie P. McDonald EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AND EDITOR Mark D. Barringer ASSOCIATE EDITOR MEMBERSHIP INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERS pay $100 annually LIFE MEMBERS pay $300 or more BENEFACTOR pays $100. PATRON pays $50 annually STUDENT MEMBERS pay $12 annually FAMILY MEMBERS pay $35 annually REGULAR MEMBERS pay $25 annually Joumals $7.50 per copy P.O. Box 6223 Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches, TX 75962 936-468-2407 e-mail: [email protected] http:Jneonardo.sfasu.edu/ethai ©Copyright2003 XLI - No. 2 - East Texas Historical Association EAST TEXAS mSTORICAL JOURNAL Volume XLI 2003 NUMBER 2 CONTENTS "SOMEONE GET THE GOVERNOR AN ASPIRIN": ROSS STERLING AND MARTIAL LAW IN EAST TEXAS by Page S. Foshee 3 THE 1976 GOP PRIMARY: FORD, REAGAN, AND THE BATTLE THAT TRANSFORMED POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS IN TEXAS by Sean P. Cunningham 15 A '·GRAND OLD CHURCH" ROSE IN THE EAST: THE CHURCH 01-' GOD IN CHRIST (COGIC) IN EAST TEXAS by Karen Kossie-Chernyshev 26 u.s. FOREST SERVICE RESEARCH AT NACOGDOCHES, TEXAS by Ronald E. Thill 37 THE TEXAS GRAY SQUIRREL MIGRATION OJ-' 1857 by Stanley D. Casto , 48 GREAT-AUNT IDA MAE REMEMBERS THE OLD DAYS by Afary Alice Cook 51 BOOK NOTES 55 hy Archie P McDonald 2 EAST TEXAS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION BOOKS REVIEWED Bolton, The Hasi/W.is: Southern Caddoans As Seen by the ulr/iest Europeans by Robert C. Vogel Imhoff, The DitJry of Juan Dominguez de Me1U1oza'.{ Expedition into Texas (1683-1684) by Robert C. Vogel Hanke, The Spanish Struf:f:le for JlL{tice in the Conquest ofAmerica by Donald E. Chipman Kessell, Spain in the Southwest: A Narratil.·'e History of Colonial Nev..' Mexico, Arizona, Texas, and California by Robert S, Weddle Quinute. The An and Architecture ofthe Texas Mission~ by James Wright Sleely Winders. Crisis in the Southwest: The United States, Mexico. a1U1 the Struggle over Texas by Kevin R. Young Madis, Tne Taking oJTexas: A Documentary History by Bob Bowman Dc la Tcja, A Revolution Remembered: The Memoirs and Selected Correspondence ofJuan N. Seguin by James E. Crisp Bos\\-ell, Her-Act arul Deed: Women's Lives in a Rural Southern County, IR37~IR73 by Janet Brantley BakerlHanison. Adobe Walls: The History andArc:heology ofthe 1874 Troding Post by William J, Tudor Utley, ume Star Justice: The First Century ofthe Texas RaPlgers by Ben Procter Hyslop, Boundfor Santa Fe: The Road to New Mexico and the American Conquest. J806-J848 by Bruce Winders Van Wagenen. The lexas Republic and the Momwn Kingdom ofGod by Melvin C. Johnson Reben, l.LJ Gran Linea: Mapping the United States - Mexico Boundary, 1849-1857 by Johnny Ingranl Woodwonh. While God is Marching On: The Religious World ofCivil War Soldiers by Priscilla Benham Wilsontrhompson. The Civil War Tn West Texa~· And New Mexico: Thl' Lost Letterbnok of Brigadier General Henry Hopkins Sibley by Melvin C. Johmon I...c\\lis, Queen ofthe Confederacy: The Innocent Deceits ofLucy Holcombe Pickens by Beverly Rowe Jewett, Texas in the Confederacy: An Experiment in Nation Building hy Donald Willett Maretta., William Pitt Ballinger: Texas wYo-}'er, Southern Statesman, 1825-1888 by Ken Stevens Thompson. Civil War In The Southwext: Recollections OfThe Sibley Brigade by Melvin C Johnson MundieJLelZaring/AllardicdLuckey, Tems Burial Sites oj Ch;iJ War Notahles: A Biographical and Pictorial Field Guide by Kenneth Wayne Howell Hunt, The Last Battle ofthe Civil War: Palmetto Ranch by Dan K. Utley May, Manlfest Dl'~tiny·.\' Undem'orId: Filibustering in Antebellum America by Dallas Cothrum Jennings, Through the Shadows with 0. Henry by Sarah Jackson Erickson, Friends: Cowboys. Cattle. Horses, Dogs, Cat~·. and 'Coons by Kyle Childress Fairchild, The L£memme Plains: Death and Revival on an American FronJier by Kenneth Wayne Howell Wooster. Recollectiom of Westem Texas. 1852-1855 By Two of the U.S. Mounted Rifle~· by Donald R. Walker Dalton, Beyond the Law by Bilt O'Neal Beighls, Jesse James and the First Missouri Train Rubbery: A Historical Documentation o.fthe Train Raid at Gads Hill. Missouri by Bill O'Neal Radison. l.est Wnrd.t: DyillR in the Old West by Bill O'Neal Tannerffanncr, UlS[ '?f the Old-TIme Outlaws: The George West Musgrave STory by Roger Tuller Phillips, RW11ling with Bonnie and Clyde: The "li'n "'a.l"t YcJan i~f Ralph Fu/t.~ by Pauick McCona! Kesselu~. Ah'in Ml1z: The SelUltor, LBJ, and LCRA by Clayton Brown LinslcylRienstralStiles. Giant Under the Hill: A HiSTOry of the ::''pindletop Oil Disco~'ery at Beaul7JolJ1, Texas by Roger M. Olien Olien/Olien, Oil in Texat: The Gu.ther A.Re, 1895-1945 by Jo Ann Stiles Smith. The Wrong Stuff: The Adventures atuJ M;.~adve"tures ojan Hill Air f(>rc:e Aviator by Jason Denzin Flores. Remembering tlU' Alnl1W: Menwry, Modemif); & tlu' Ma~ter S.vmbol by Daniel Newcomer Brager. The Texas 36th Division: A Hi\·tory by Richard I.. Merrill Dempsey. The Light Crust [Joughboy,~ Are on the Air: Cl'lehratinR Seventy Years qf Texas Music by Kathleen Hudson LoughrnillcrlLoughmillcr, Bif.: Thicket LeRae}' hy Maxine Johnston Moore, Acts ofFaith: The Catholic Church in Texas. 19f.XJ-11J5V by Joseph A. Devine Uzzel. Blind Lemon Jefferson: JJis Life. HiI Death. and His Legacy by Steve Davis EAST TEXAS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 3 "SOMEONE GET THE GOVERNOR AN ASPIRIN": ROSS STERLING AND MARTIAL LAW IN EAST TEXAS by Page S. Foshee In 1930 Ross S. Sterling won the Democratic primary race for the Texas governorship. He defeated ten other contenders - including fonner governor Miriam A. "Ma" Ferguson - to succeed popular, two-term Democrat Dan Moody. Because Texas was essentially a single-party state, winning the primary ensured a candidate's ultimate election to office. Despite the onerous demands placed upon him by the campaign, Sterling soon confronted economic problems that made the primary election fight a pleasant memory.l The Texas economy during the early years of the Great Depression relied upon the production of two commodities: cotton and oil. The inherent capriciousness of both industries exacerbated the already painful effects the Great Depression had on farmers and oil men. Cotton production depended upon adequate rain and sunshine appearing in the correct proportions. in the proper sequence, for the right length of time. Success in the discovery and production of oil required equal amounts of geological skill, persuasive ability, dogged determination, and good luck. Although Texas cotton farmers and oil men regarded their futures as blessed or danmed by their own hands and lands, their fate depended upon the actions of foreign governments and of their neighbors in other states; in 1931 no fann field or oil patch could remain insulated from external economic factors. The collapse of both cotton and oil prices forced Governor Sterling to alter his philosophy regarding the relationship between government and private enterprise to shore up the price of cotton and, quite possibly, to save the oil industry from ruin. Ross Sterling's background made it difficult for him to impose state government controls upon farmers and businessmen. Born in 1875 to a rural merchant near Anahuac, Texas, Sterling quit school at the age of thirteen and ten years later built his first country store. By 1904 Sterling operated stores in the oil field boomtowns of Batson, Saratoga, Sour Lake, and Humble. Oilmen needed feed for mules and horses; Sterling accumulated both feed contracts and friends in the oil patch. In 1907 Sterling closed his store in Batson and bought fOUf small state banks from a panic-distressed Fort Worth lawyer, integrating them into his Humble. Saratoga, and Sour Lake operations. From these small, diversified enterprises Sterling began to amass his fortune. 2 In 1911, Sterling and several friends founded the Humble Oil Company. The initial partners included Sterling, Joe Fincher, Clint Wood, and C. D. Goddard. Humble proved so profitable that Sterling sold his store and bank holdings to concentrate on the oil company. Through skillful geological exploration and shrewd bargaining with Gulf Oil Company, primary lease owner in the Goose Creek oil field, Sterling secured his company's position. Goose Creek, condemned by Gulf as only marginally productive, made Humble a major Texas oil producer. In 1917 the Humble Oil Company Page S.