DOCSLIB.ORG

Covid-19 Conditional Movement Control Order (Cmco) in Malaysia Frequently Asked Questions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Covid-19 Conditional Movement Control Order (Cmco) in Malaysia Frequently Asked Questions COVID-19 CONDITIONAL MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER (CMCO) IN MALAYSIA FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS S/N Question Answer Leaving Malaysia 1 The Malaysian government Under the CMCO, some restrictions of the MCO have been eased, has implemented a such as allowing the re-opening of certain businesses and Conditional Movement resumption of the economic sector. Singaporeans in Malaysia will Control Order (CMCO) still be allowed to leave during the CMCO period. However, since 4 May. What is the Singaporeans should be prepared for significant travel CMCO, and will inconveniences due to the travel restrictions. Singaporeans will not Singaporeans be allowed be able to re-enter Malaysia during the CMCO period. to leave Malaysia? 2 Will airports, flights, and Based on the current available information, airports and land land checkpoints remain checkpoints* will continue to operate during the CMCO period. open during the CMCO There are limited direct flights to Singapore from KLIA and KLIA2. period? Those leaving Malaysia are advised to plan their own transport arrangements and check directly with transport operators for any changes/cancellations. [*Operating hours at the Bangunan Sultan Iskandar checkpoint in Johor Bahru is 7am to 7pm daily.] 3 [UPDATED] I am a According to the Malaysian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, foreign Singaporean and I intend nationals who wish to return to their respective countries are to return to Singapore. Am required to comply with the following procedures: I allowed to travel across states to KL International a) Possess valid travel documents including passport and Airport (KLIA) / Causeway / airline ticket; and Second Link? b) Obtain written concurrence from the respective Diplomatic Missions. You may obtain such a letter by sending an e-mail to the Singapore High Commission in KL ([email protected]) or the Singapore Consulate-General in JB ([email protected]) with the following details of all travellers: full name(s) as per passport, date(s) of birth, passport number(s), date/period of travel, and mode of travel (flight/road). c) A police permit is now required for interstate travel. The letter of travel passage issued by the High Commission and other supporting documents i.e a valid passport and flight itinerary (if travelling by air) must be provided. The documents mentioned above are required to facilitate movement by road to the airport / border checkpoints. 4 I am a Singapore passport According to Malaysian Immigration authorities, if your social visit holder in Malaysia. My visit pass has expired, you will have up to 14 days after the CMCO is lifted pass will be expiring soon. to leave Malaysia directly without any penalties. You must have a Can I leave Malaysia? valid travel document to leave Malaysia. If you intend to remain in Malaysia beyond this period, you must make an appointment to renew your visit pass at Jabatan Imigresen Malaysia (JIM) office as soon as possible within 14 days after the CMCO is lifted to apply for an extension. You may register for an appointment here: Putrajaya Immigration HQ: http://powerq.my Other immigration offices: http://sto.imi.gov.my For Social Visit Pass holders, JIM also requires a letter from the High Commission or Consulate-General to extend your visit pass. Please send an email with a copy of your passport biodata page and the page showing your expired social visit pass to: Singapore High Commission in KL: [email protected] OR Singapore Consulate-General in JB: [email protected] if you are in the state of Johor. Please note that the granting of pass extension is the discretion of the Malaysian immigration authorities. Entering Singapore 5 Will Singaporeans, As of 5 April 2359 hrs, anyone returning from Malaysia will be Singapore PRs, and required to serve a 14-day self-isolation at dedicated SHN Singapore long-term pass facilities. or permit holders, returning from Malaysia be subject to the 14-day Stay- Home Notice (SHN)? 6 Do I need to submit my As of 27 March 0900 hrs, all Singaporeans, Singaporean PRs and health information before Singapore permit holders returning to Singapore will have to submit entering Singapore? an online health declaration on the Singapore Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA)’s website up to three days before arriving in Singapore. 7 Are foreigners who are As of 29 March 2359 hrs, all Singapore long-term pass holders will Singapore long term pass require an entry approval. This includes existing and In-Principle or permit holders allowed Approval holders of Long-Term Visit Pass, Student’s Pass, and Work to enter Singapore? Pass. Pass holders may enquire with ICA, Ministry of Education (MOE), or Ministry of Manpower (MOM) respectively. Entering Malaysia 8 [UPDATED] Are With effect from 1 June, Singaporeans who are Malaysian PR/ who foreigners, including are spouses or children of Malaysians and hold LTSVP / who are Singaporeans, allowed to approved MM2H holders can apply for entry into Malaysia. enter Malaysia during the Applicants will need to complete and sign a Letter of Undertaking, CMCO period? which needs to be presented during entry at immigration or flight check-in. The links and additional details can be found on the Malaysian High Commission in Singapore’s Facebook page. Singaporeans without these passes and need to enter Malaysia during the CMCO period may approach the Malaysian High Commission in Singapore to ascertain if they can enter. As of 19 April, all foreigners will be required to bear the cost of the 14-day quarantine upon entry into Malaysia, with a minimum cost of RM150 per day. Other Information 9 Who can Singaporeans High Commission of the Republic of Singapore in Kuala Lumpur contact for urgent Consular assistance during Address: 209, Jalan Tun Razak, 50400 Kuala Lumpur the CMCO period? Tel: +60-3-2161-6277 Emergency Tel (after hours): +60-16-661-0400 The Consular Counter will provide limited consular services via prior appointment only. Please email us at [email protected] Consulate-General of the Republic of Singapore in Johor Bahru Address: Suite 35.02, Level 35, Johor Bahru City Square Office Tower, 106-108, Jalan Wong Ah Fook Tel: +60-7-226-5012 Emergency Tel (after hours): +60-19-791-1166 The Consular Counter will provide limited consular services via prior appointment only. Please email us at [email protected] *Updated as of 1600 hrs, 31 May 2020 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dr Mahathir's
    OPPORTUNITY MALAYSIA 2018 Malaysia and Singapore Neighbours & Partners in Growth A SPECIAL PUBLICATION BY THE HIGH COMMISSION OF MALAYSIA, SINGAPORE OPPORTUNITY MALAYSIA 2018 Photo credits: CONTENTS Malaysian High Commission in Singapore Department of Information, Malaysia Singapore Ministry of Foreign Affairs Singapore Ministry of Communication & Information 01 Editor’s Note ASEAN Secretariat 02 Message from the High Commission of Malaysia, Singapore 03 Introducing the New High Commissioner BILATERAL TIES 04 Dr Mahathir’s Return to Singapore 06 Prime Ministers Highlight the Importance of Bilateral Ties 04 08 The TUN Experience 10 At the 33rd ASEAN Summit FEATURE 12 Special Conferment Ceremony ECONOMY 16 The ASEAN Business & Investment Summit: The Fight Against Protectionism 20 ARTS & CULTURE 20 Causeway EXChange: Arts & Healing Festival TOURISM 24 2019 Visit Melaka Year 25 See You in Sarawak 25 EDITOR’S NOTE Engaging at All Levels PUBLISHER & EDITOR-IN-CHIEF elcome to the 2018 edition of Nomita Dhar Opportunity Malaysia. We, for many EDITORIAL years in collaboration and support from Ranee Sahaney High Commission of Malaysia, have been Prionka Ray Wputting together this annual publication. Arjun Dhar Malaysia and Singapore being close neighbours are engaged on multiple levels. Each day people from DESIGN Syed Jaafar Alkaff the two countries work or move across the borders, to visit relatives, make a living, savour their favourite ADVERTISING delights etc. To ensure the smoothness of our ties, & MARKETING the two countries must cooperate and engage at so Swati Singh many different levels and many government agencies collaborate and communicate with each other on a PHOTOS High Commission of Malaysia, daily basis to this end.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Orang Asli and Melayu Relations
    1 Orang Asli and Melayu Relations: A Cross-Border Perspective (paper presented to the Second International Symposium of Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia, Padang, July 18-21, 2001) By Leonard Y. Andaya In present-day Malaysia the dominant ethnicity is the Melayu (Malay), followed numerically by the Chinese and the Indians. A very small percentage comprises a group of separate ethnicities that have been clustered together by a Malaysian government statute of 1960 under the generalized name of Orang Asli (the Original People). Among the “Orang Asli” themselves, however, they apply names usually associated with their specific area or by the generalized name meaning “human being”. In the literature the Orang Asli are divided into three groups: The Semang or Negrito, the Senoi, and the Orang Asli Melayu.1 Among the “Orang Asli”, however, the major distinction is between themselves and the outside world, and they would very likely second the sentiments of the Orang Asli and Orang Laut (Sea People) in Johor who regard themselves as “leaves of the same tree”.2 Today the Semang live in the coastal foothills and inland river valleys of Perak, interior Pahang, and Ulu (upriver) Kelantan, and rarely occupy lands above 1000 meters in elevation. But in the early twentieth century, Schebesta commented that the areas regarded as Negrito country included lands from Chaiya and Ulu Patani (Singora and Patthalung) to Kedah and to mid-Perak and northern Pahang.3 Most now live on the fringes rather than in the deep jungle itself, and maintain links with Malay farmers and Chinese shopkeepers. In the past they appear to have also frequented the coasts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vulnerability of Bajau Laut (Sama Dilaut) Children in Sabah, Malaysia
    A position paper on: The vulnerability of Bajau Laut (Sama Dilaut) children in Sabah, Malaysia Asia Pacific Refugee Rights Network (APRRN) 888/12, 3rd Floor Mahatun Plaza, Ploenchit Road Lumpini, Pratumwan 10330 Bangkok, Thailand Tel: +66(0)2-252-6654 Fax: +66(0)2-689-6205 Website: www.aprrn.org The vulnerability of Bajau Laut (Sama Dilaut) children in Sabah, Malaysia March 2015 Background Statelessness is a global man-made phenomenon, variously affecting entire communities, new-born babies, children, couples and older people, and can occur because of a bewildering array of causes. According to UNHCR, at least 10 million people worldwide have no nationality. While stateless people are entitled to human rights under international law, without a nationality, they often face barriers that prevent them from accessing their rights. These include the right to establish a legal residence, travel, work in the formal economy, access education, access basic health services, purchase or own property, vote, hold elected office, and enjoy the protection and security of a country. The Bajau Laut (who often self-identify as Sama Dilaut and are referred to by others as ‘Pala’uh’) are arguably some of the most marginalised people in Malaysia. Despite records of their presence in the region dating back for centuries, today many Bajau Laut have no legal nationality documents bonding them to a State, are highly vulnerable to exploitation and abuse. The Bajau Laut are a classic example of a protracted and intergenerational statelessness situation. Children, the majority of whom were born in Sabah and have never set foot in another country, are particularly at risk.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of the Sama-Bajau of Maritime Southeast Asia
    Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2016, hlm. 71-80 UNDERSTANDING IDENTITY AND DIASPORA: THE CASE OF THE SAMA-BAJAU OF MARITIME SOUTHEAST ASIA Matthew Constancio Maglana Department of Asian and Philippine Studies University of the Philippines Diliman Corresponding author: [email protected] Diterima/ Received: 1 Januari 2016 ; Disetujui/ Accepted: 1 Agustus 2016 Abstract The Sama-Bajau or the Sinama-speaking peoples are deemed to be the most widely dispersed indigenous ethno- linguistic group in maritime Southeast Asia. The Sama-Bajau “diaspora,” which constitute a locus of points across territorially-defined spaces, gives rise to specific socio-cultural contexts which in turn results in the emergence of distinct notions of identity. This diaspora, therefore, gives the student of culture the opportunity to observe ethno-genesis as either “completed,” incipient or on-going processes of the creation of identities that exhibit rare tensions between ideas of sameness and difference. The former is a function of a common origin, which may be real or perceived, while the latter results from site-specific sources of distinction such as those brought about by socio-cultural adaptation to environment, intercultural contact with other peoples or other external sources of culture change. This article interrogates this tension between sameness and difference through a selection of examples seen in labels of self-designation, language, and, religious and ritual practices. Keywords: Sama-bajau, diaspora, ethnic identities, maritime state INTRODUCTION Southeast Asia. It will be shown that Sama ethnic identity is characterized by tensions A very brief review of the literature of the between notions of sameness and difference.
    [Show full text]
  • A Genome Wide Pattern of Population Structure and Admixture In
    Hatin et al. The HUGO Journal 2014, 8:5 http://www.thehugojournal.com/content/8/1/5 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Open Access A genome wide pattern of population structure and admixture in peninsular Malaysia Malays Wan Isa Hatin1, Ab Rajab Nur-Shafawati1, Ali Etemad2, Wenfei Jin3, Pengfei Qin3, Shuhua Xu3, Li Jin3, Soon-Guan Tan4, Pornprot Limprasert5, Merican Amir Feisal6,7, Mohammed Rizman-Idid6, Bin Alwi Zilfalil1,2* and The HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium Abstract Background: The Malays consist of various sub-ethnic groups which are believed to have different ancestral origins based on their migrations centuries ago. The sub-ethnic groups can be divided based on the region they inhabit; the northern (Melayu Kedah and Melayu Kelantan), western (Melayu Minang) and southern parts (Melayu Bugis and Melayu Jawa) of Peninsular Malaysia. We analyzed 54,794 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which were shared by 472 unrelated individuals from 17 populations to determine the genetic structure and distributions of the ancestral genetic components in five Malay sub-ethnic groups namely Melayu Bugis, Melayu Jawa, Melayu Minang, Melayu Kedah, and Melayu Kelantan. We also have included in the analysis 12 other study populations from Thailand, Indonesia, China, India, Africa and Orang Asli sub-groups in Malay Peninsula, obtained from the Pan Asian SNP Initiative (PASNPI) Consortium and International HapMap project database. Results: We found evidence of genetic influx from Indians to Malays, more in Melayu Kedah and Melayu Kelantan which are genetically different from the other Malay sub-ethnic groups, but similar to Thai Pattani. More than 98% of these northern Malays haplotypes could be found in either Indians or Chinese populations, indicating a highly admixture pattern among populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysia Singapore & Brunei
    © Lonely Planet 30 History As the countries we know today, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei have been around since 1963, 1965 and 1984 respectively. The region’s history, of course, stretches back much further, although pinning down exactly how far back is a moot point due to a lack of archaeological evidence and early written records. What is known for sure is that early civilisation here was shaped by the ebb and Key Malay words like flow of the convergent sea trade from China and India. The following sketches bahasa (language), raja in the main events – see the history sections of the destination chapters for (ruler) and jaya (success) more-specific details of each region and p17 for the latest happenings. are Sanskrit terms imported to the area by ORIGINAL PEOPLE Indian visitors as early as The discovery of a 40,000-year-old skull in the Niah Caves of Sarawak in the 2nd century AD. 1958 (see p450 ) gives a notional starting point to pre-history in Malaysia. In Peninsular Malaysia, the oldest remains are of the 11,000-year-old skeleton, ‘Perak Man’, which has genetic similarities to the Negrito who now live in the mountainous rainforests of northern Malaysia. The Negritos were joined by It’s thought that the Malaysia’s first immigrants, the Senoi, who are thought to have slowly filtered word Malay (or Melayu) down from central and southern Thailand around 2500 BC. is based on the ancient A third wave, the Proto-Malay, ancestors of today’s Malays, came from the Tamil word malia, mean- Indonesian islands between 1500 and 500 BC.
    [Show full text]
  • BECAUSE I CARE Ess: Arising and Falling
    DO YOU BELIEVE? ------------------------------------ 1 A REDEFINITION --------------------------------------- 6 TELESCOPIC VISION --------------------------------- 15 DO ALL ROADS LEAD TO ROME? --------------- 18 TO CHANT OR NOT TO CHANT ------------------- 23 GNOSTICISM -------------------------------------------- 27 FOUNDATIONS ----------------------------------------- 28 BEYOND PREFERENCES --------------------------- 31 FIRE AND BRIMSTONE ------------------------------ 37 NOTHING SPECIAL ------------------------------------ 39 CONDITIONING ----------------------------------------- 46 LOOK BACK, GO ON ---------------------------------- 47 MORNING GLORY ------------------------------------- 52 FOR SALE ------------------------------------------------ 56 LISTENING AND HEARING ------------------------- 62 MEDITATION WITHOUT THE CENTER --------- 70 SKILLFUL MEANS ------------------------------------- 77 DREAM COME TRUE --------------------------------- 88 WHO KNOWS? ------------------------------------------ 92 NAME-AND-FORM ------------------------------------- 97 BE PREPARED ------------------------------------------ 101 LINKS ------------------------------------------------------ 108 PAPER PEOPLE ---------------------------------------- 112 NOT SO NARROW ------------------------------------- 117 HYPOCRISY --------------------------------------------- 123 THE PRICE OF LOVE --------------------------------- 130 TAKING A STAND -------------------------------------- 133 BATAAN REVISITED ---------------------------------- 143 HOLEY GHOST
    [Show full text]
  • Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia : Population, Spatial Distribution and Socio-Economic Condition
    Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia : Population, Spatial Distribution and Socio-Economic Condition Tarmiji Masron*, Fujimaki Masami**, Norhasimah Ismail*** Abstract Orang Asli or indigenous peoples are peoples with unique languages, knowledge systems and beliefs. Indigenous peoples often have much in common with other neglected segments of societies, such as lack of political representation and participation, economic marginalization and poverty, lack of access to social services and discrimination. Besides that, there is population problem in the community and among them often leads to the neglect of their health and of essential needs like proper clothing and nutritious foods for the whole family. In Peninsular Malaysia, Orang Asli is separated into three main tribal groups includes Semang (Negrito), Senoi and Proto Malay (Aboriginal Malay) and consists of 19 ethnic. This study was an attempt to study and mapped the spatial distribution of the Orang Asli where two kind of data collection were applied; primary data obtained from the Department of Statistics of Malaysia, consist of Orang Asli population data for each states in Peninsular between 1947 and 2010; and secondary data collection based on the literature review or previous study for any information of Orang Asli from history, distribution, issues and problems and others which significant to the study. The result showed that overall, populations of Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia increasing between 1947 and 2010 which the highest growth rate recorded in 1991 (32.96%) while the lowest in 1957 (16.01%). Between 1947 and 2010, highest Orang Asli population was recorded in Pahang and Perak while the lowest in Pulau Pinang and Perlis.
    [Show full text]
  • (Mco) in Malaysia Frequently Asked Questions
    MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER (MCO) IN MALAYSIA FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS S/N Question Answer Leaving Malaysia 1 The Malaysian government Various states and territories in Malaysia are placed under different has reintroduced the phases of the MCO (MCO, Conditional MCO, Recovery MCO) to Movement Control Order combat COVID-19. Inter-state travel is banned while inter-district (MCO) on various states. travel in areas under MCO is also not allowed. Areas under the MCO A State of Emergency has have the strictest restrictions and only essential economic sectors are also been declared until 01 allowed to operate. Please refer to official government and news Aug 2021. Are websites for more information on the restrictions under the different Singaporeans allowed to MCOs. leave Malaysia? In addition, a State of Emergency has been declared until 01 Aug 2021 or until the COVID-19 situation improves. The authorities have given the assurance that that there would be no curfews, and that government services would continue to operate during this period. We urge all Singaporeans to abide by local laws and restrictions; and to adhere strictly to the SOPs. Singaporeans in Malaysia are still allowed to leave Malaysia during this period. However, you should be prepared for some travel inconveniences. 2 Are airports and land Based on available information, airports and land checkpoints** will checkpoints open during continue to operate during this period. There are daily direct flights to this period? Are flights Singapore from KLIA and klia2, as well a few other cities.^ Note that available during this cross-border land/rail transport services remain suspended at this period? time.
    [Show full text]
  • Recovery Movement Control Order (Rmco) in Malaysia Frequently Asked Questions
    RECOVERY MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER (RMCO) IN MALAYSIA FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS S/N Question Answer Leaving Malaysia 1 The Malaysian government The RMCO is the recovery phase of the Movement Control Order. has announced that the Under the RMCO, further restrictions of the MCO have been eased, Recovery Movement such as allowing even more businesses to reopen, and interstate Control Order (RMCO) will travel. Singaporeans in Malaysia are allowed to leave during the begin from 10 June until RMCO period. However, Singaporeans should be prepared for some 31 August 2020. What is travel inconveniences. Singaporeans are still not allowed to enter the RMCO, and are Malaysia on social visit pass during the RMCO period. Singaporeans allowed to leave Malaysia? 2 Are airports and land Based on available information, airports and land checkpoints* will checkpoints open during continue to operate during the RMCO period. There are limited the RMCO period? Are direct flights to Singapore from KLIA and klia2, as well a few other flights available during this cities such as Penang and Kuching.^ Note that cross-border land/rail period? transport services remain suspended at this time. Those leaving Malaysia are advised to plan their own transport arrangements and check directly with transport operators for any changes/cancellations. [*Operating hours at the Bangunan Sultan Iskandar Checkpoint in Johor Bahru is 7am to 7pm daily.] [^Please check with the airlines (Singapore Airlines, SilkAir and Scoot) for the latest information.] 3 I am a Singaporean and I From 10 June, interstate travel is allowed. A letter from the High intend to return to Commission/Consulate-General or police permit is no longer Singapore.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural and Biological Differentiation in Peninsular Malaysia: the Last 10)000 Years
    Cultural and Biological Differentiation in Peninsular Malaysia: The Last 10)000 Years PETER BELLWOOD IN THIS ARTICLE I address a question that has provided a source of intellectual interest for almost a century.! How have the cultural, linguistic, and biological differences among the various indigenous populations of Peninsular Malaysia evolved? Are they the result of processes of cultural and biological differentiation totally internal to the peninsula? Or have successive migrations-either piecemeal or large-scale-from outside regions, such as Thailand and Indonesia, produced these differences? Perhaps more realistically, given the time-span involved, has there been a combination of both internal and external factors? The indigenous populations of Peninsula Malaysia are classified today, in terms oflanguage, biology, and culture (with varying significances given to each accord­ ing to the situation), as Malay, Aboriginal Malay, Senoi, and Negrito (Semang). It must be fairly obvious, however, that these are not pure and internally homogeneous populations. Like all major human groups, they undoubtedly never have been. But it may be legitimate to ask whether the relatively high degree of contact and diffusion noted between these groups in the recent recorded past demonstrates their origins out of a single prehistoric population complex, or whether the populations of the peninsula were more isolated and differentiated from each other in the millennia before the rise of Malay civilization with its world­ wide linkages of religion, trade,
    [Show full text]
  • Of the Sakai (Thailand) and the Semang (Malaysia): a Literature Survey SHUICHI NAGATA1,2*
    ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE Vol. 114, 45–57, 2006 Subgroup ‘names’ of the Sakai (Thailand) and the Semang (Malaysia): a literature survey SHUICHI NAGATA1,2* 1Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3 2School of Social Welfare, Tokyo University of Social Welfare, Isesaki, Japan Received 2 July 2003; accepted 1 August 2005 Abstract After a long interruption due to the Pacific War and Malayan Emergency, anthropological research on the foraging populations of southern Thailand and northern Malaysia was resumed with renewed vigor by Thai, Malaysian, and international scholars. However, the link between recent find- ings and those reported by earlier workers in the region is often not made explicit. One difficulty in constructing a clear linkage is the lack of unambiguous identities or ‘names’ of the foraging groups under investigation. The present paper addresses this problem, examining the ‘names’ of the Sakai and Semang subgroups reported in the literature, evaluating the status of their referents, and discussing the reasons why subgroup names have been obscure. Key words: Sakai, Semang, tribe, identify, foragers Introduction all three of them as a single entity in his times, ‘Sakai’, a much maligned term for its residual meaning of servitude, One of the difficulties a field researcher encounters in the was used to refer to non-Muslim aborigines of the peninsula study of Orang Asli, the aboriginal peoples of Malaysia, is in pre-colonial Malaya. ‘Sakai’ in this sense continues to be the name of the people under study. Who are these people heard occasionally in Malay kampongs (or villages).
    [Show full text]