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Defending an Evangelical Society and an Evangelical Diocese: Sydney James Kirkby, 1879-1935

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Defending an Evangelical Society and an Evangelical Diocese: Sydney James Kirkby, 1879-1935 University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016 University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 1984 Defending an Evangelical society and an Evangelical diocese: Sydney James Kirkby, 1879-1935 Donald George Anderson University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Anderson, Donald George, Defending an Evangelical society and an Evangelical diocese: Sydney James Kirkby, 1879-1935, Master of Arts thesis, Department of History, University of Wollongong, 1984. https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/2167 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] NOTE This online version of the thesis may have different page formatting and pagination from the paper copy held in the University of Wollongong Library. UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG COPYRIGHT WARNING You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Defending an Evangelical Society and an Evangelical Diocese Sydney James Kirkby, 1879-1935 A Thesis submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Arts from The University of Wollongong by Donald George Anderson, B.A. TH.SCHOL. f UNIVERSITY I ¡1 UBftARY \ Department of History, October 1984. 77 ^ 7 7 g - ABSTRACT Sydney James Kirkby was nurtured in and committed to the doctrines taught by conservative Evangelical Anglicans in Australia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It was a period of conflict and growth for the conservative Evangelical- Party, and Kirkby took his place as a consistent and able defender of Evangelical religion and one who' worked ceaselessly to extend its' influence in the Australian Anglican Church. In Chapter One, attention is given to Kirkby*s formative years and it is argued that his contact with committed conservative Evangelicals in the Anglican Church in Bendigo determined his theological stance and future life. In Chapter Two, Kirkby's continuing contacts with conservative Evangelicals in Sydney and Bendigo is traced. It is shown that men such as Canon N.. Jones of Moore College Sydney and Bishop John Langley of Bendigo were to further develop his commitment to conservative Evangelicalism.. It is. argued, that his position as tutor at Moore College Sydney brought him into contact and conflict with liberal Evangelicalism in the person of Principal D* J„ Davies. Chapter Three outlines Kirkby's move to the Parish of Ryde?where he is seen to be closely involved with the growth of an 11 Evangelical ecclesiastical political party, the Australian Church League. In Chapters Four to Eight, a detailed description is given of the reasons for the foundation and development of the Evangelical Bush Church Aid Society, a society through which Kirkby worked to give wider opportunities for evangelical ministry in the outback of Australia and by which he sought to provide for the needs of lonely and isolated farmers and settlers. In the Final Chapters, Nine and Ten, Kirkby*s v/ork as Bishop Mministrator of the Diocese of Sydney together with his role in the conservative/ liberal Evangelical struggles of the early 1930s are analysed. His relationship with Archbishop H.. Mowll and his death are considered. The study demonstrates Kirkby*s lifelong commitment ta the conservative Evangelical Party of the Anglican Church and his deep concern for the spiritual and physical plight of outback Australians, both black and white. Ill ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people who willingly helped me and opened up their experiences of the past. To members of the Kirkby family, especially to Mr. Clem Kirkby and Mrs. Hilda Parkinson, I am grateful for their willingness to allow me access to the family records and for answering many questions. Many clergy and others who worked with S. J. Kirkby, were very helpful and filled in many gaps.. Without the help of the Librarians of Moore Theological College, Sydney, the State Library of New South Wales, the Archivists of the Anglican Diocese of Sydney and Bendigo, much would have remained untold. The Rev'd W. Wade, the Pederal Secretary of the Bush Church Aid Society, gave me great assistance by making available the B.C..A.S. historical records. Many others, especially Mr. S. Judd, were also patient listeners and generous with their time and advice. My special thanks must go to Dr. Stuart Piggin of the University of Wollongong, for his constant encouragement and patient supervision. I appreciate greatly Mrs. Sue Palmer's help in typing this thesis. Pinally, I must record my appreciation for all the support and assistance given to me by my wife Carol, who laboured often over a very difficult manuscript in proof-reading and correction. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract i Acknowledgements iii Table of Contents iv List of Illustrations vi Introduction vii PART 1 . 1. Kirkby1s Early Life 1 2. Theological Training and Early Days of Ministry 15 3# Rector of Ryde 1914— 1919 4-0 PART 2 4-. Foundation and First Year of the Bush Church Aid Society, 1920 63 5. Nurturing An Evangelical Soc ie ty 1 921-1 922 90 6- Defending An Evangelical Diocese 1921-1922 7*- The Middle Years of Labour and Doubt 1923-1927 135 8.. Consolidation of the Society and A New Sphere of Service 1928—1932 159 V Page PART 3 9.. Power and Influence 1932-1934- 191 10 . Honour in Death 225 1 1 . Conclusion 24-7 Bibliography 257 A« Primary Sources (.1) Unpublished 258 (2) Published 259 (3) Newspaper Collections 259 (4-). Interviews 260 B „ Secondary Sources (1) Books 260 (2 ) Articles 262 (3) Theses and Other Secondary Sources 263 vi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page Kirkby about 1906 62 Kirkby, Organising Missioner of the Bush Church Aid Society 89 Kirkby at the Enthronement of Archbishop H.W.K. Mowll 13 March 1934- 224- Kirkby in Melbourne, 1935 24-6 Vll INTRODUCTION The period 1879 to 1935 (the life span of Sydney James Kirkby) was, for Australia and the Anglican Church, an era of development and change» Australia moved from being a number of separate English colonies to a Commonwealth. Periods of prosperity, adversity and war characterised the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early part of the twentieth century. The Anglican Church, planted in the Colony of New South Wales in 1788 by the Rev'd Richard Johnson, a military chaplain, grew in time to become a group of self-governing Dioceses. The Anglican Church, together with other Christian denominations, struggled to establish itself in the often unsympathetic Australian environment, like its parent body, the Church of England, the Australian Anglican church was to undergo conflict occasioned by internal division and the external assaults, resulting from the advent of Biblical criticism and modern scientific thought. While the main effects of these external assaults were felt by the Australian Church in the 1880s, the results of biblical criticism and the new scientific findings were to trouble the Church, in a lesser degree, viii throughout Kirkby's life. (1) Sydney James Kirkby was associated closely with a small group of clergy and lay people involved with the creating and shaping of the conservative Evangelical Party within the Australian Church. Evangelicalism came to Australia with the Rev’d Richard Johnson, Chaplain to the First Fleet. Many of the early chaplains were conservative Evangelic a ls,? but the appointment of later chaplains by the Ecclesiastical Board, under Anthony Hamilton, diminished the proportion of Evangelicals in Australia. Under Bishop Frederic Barker (Bishop of Sydney 1854--1882) the numbers of Evangelicals in New South Wales greatly increased. Kirkby was brought under the influence of Anglican Evangelicalism as a youth and was to remain a loyal and active member of what was to become, in the early part of the twentieth century, an organised Party within the Church. He had close and prolonged contacts with most of the Australian conservative Evangelical leaders of his day.,and a study of his life reveals some of the activities and growth of this Party, which were turbulent times for Australian Anglicans.
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