Use of Theses

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Use of Theses Australian National University THESES SIS/LIBRARY TELEPHONE: +61 2 6125 4631 R.G. MENZIES LIBRARY BUILDING NO:2 FACSIMILE: +61 2 6125 4063 THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY EMAIL: library.theses@anu.edu.au CANBERRA ACT 0200 AUSTRALIA USE OF THESES This copy is supplied for purposes of private study and research only. Passages from the thesis may not be copied or closely paraphrased without the written consent of the author. THE AUSTRALIAN CHURCHES IN THE GREAT WAR ATTITUDES AND ACTIVITIES OF THE MAJOR CHURCHES by Michael McKernan A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Australian National University February 1975 This thesis is my own work Michael McKernan Ill CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v ABBREVIATIONS vi A NOTE ON TERMS vii INTRODUCTION ix CHAPTER 1 Churches in 1914 1 CHAPTER 2 August 1914 31 CHAPTER 3 Chaplains and the A.I .P. 54 CHAPTER 4 'These Glorious Days' January-June 1915 84 CHAPTER 5 The Failure of Recruiting 106 CHAPTER 6 Priorities 129 CHAPTER 7 The Conscription Years 155 CHAPTER 8 The Chaplain the Soldier and Religion 184 CHAPTER 9 Pacifists 208 CHAPTER 10 Peace 229 CHAPTER 11 Epilogue and Conclusion 253 APPENDICES 267 BIBLIOGRAPHY 309 ABSTRACT Australian churchmen accepted war when it came in August 1914 and sought to explain it to the Australian people. Their explanation relied on the belief that God could only permit what was ultimately good. They expected the war to convince the people that faith in material progress was inadequate and hoped that they would turn to faith in God. They expected, too, that the people would learn the value of sacrifice, devotion to duty and prayer. Clergymen enlisted in the A.I.F. as chaplains, in the hope that they could teach these lessons to Australian manhood. As the war dragged on it became clear that many Australians, perhaps the majority, were indifferent to war's redemptive value. Their lives mocked the clerical prediction of reform and renewal. The chaplains found that the bulk of the troops were indifferent, even antagonistic, to the religion of the churches. Such realisations undermined the faith with which churchmen had accepted the war and encouraged conflict and division between and within the churches. This bitterness reduced even further any prospect that the clerical thesis would be fulfilled. By 1918 churchmen longed for peace. V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my supervisor, J.A. La Nauze, for his interest in my work and his excellent advice. I am indebted to 0. MacDonagh who read all of the first draft and made many important criticisms and to C.M.H. Clark who encouraged me. My colleagues in the History Department have provided stimulating and entertaining companionship; I thank particularly D.H. Coward and C.N. Connolly for their interest in the thesis and G.W. Martin. My debt to librarians and archivists is obvious. Many church archivists act in a part-time, honorary capacity; nevertheless they gave me some of their valuable time to help me find documents that are not, unfortunately, well catalogued or easily located. I experienced very few refusals in my requests for help. Amongst the professionals I thank particularly Mr M. Draheim of the Australian War Memorial and Mrs L.E. Macknight of Australian Archives. During my research I endeavoured to contact descendants of clergymen who ministered during the first world war. I had hoped to unearth many more personal papers than were held by libraries and archives. While the exercise was largely fruitless I was gratified by the large number of people who replied to my letters and who encouraged me by expressing interest in my work. I thank Janice Aldridge and Lois Sims who typed the draft and Bev Gallina for the final typescript. My best thanks are reserved for my wife, Susan, who contributed more to this thesis than she realises. vi ABBREVIATIONS AA Australian Archives ACW Australian Christian World A.I.F. Australian Imperial Force AWM Australian War Memorial CM Church of England Messenger CS Church Standard FJ Freeman's Journal NL National Library of Australia PM Messenger of the Presbyterian Church of New South Wales PM (Q) Messenger of the Presbyterian Church of Queensland PM (V) Messenger of the Presbyterian Church of Victoria SDA Sydney Diocesan Archives (St Mary's) SDM Sydney Diocesan Magazine WAR West Australian Record vii A NOTE ON TERMS 'Clergyman1 and 'Churchman'. In this thesis a distinction is made between a clergyman and a churchman. The word 'clergyman' refers to an ordained member of a church. For the sake of variety, 'minister' and, where appropriate, 'priest' is occasionally substituted. 'Chaplain' refers exclusively to military chaplain. 'Churchman' is a more general word used to describe a church member, minister or layman, who took a real interest in the life of the church. I rejected the word 'Christian' as a general descriptive term because while most Australians claimed to be 'Christians' relatively few participated in organised church life. 'Protestant1. The word 'Protestant' has a dual use in the thesis. When it is contrasted with 'Catholic' it refers to the Anglican, Presbyterian and Methodist churches, and, by extension, to the other 'non-Catholic' churches. When 'Protestant' is used in contrast to 'Anglican' it embraces all the churches other than the Anglican and Catholic. Few Anglicans regarded themselves as Protestants, except in the low dioceses, and many felt nearer, spiritually, to the Catholics. It would be wrong, therefore, not to point occasionally to the distinction between Anglicans and Protestants. In England the term 'Nonconformist' was used to describe 'Protestants'. The historian is warned not to use 'nonconformist' in the Australian context: 'all decently educated persons know that where there is no State Church there are no Nonconformists'.^ 'Church' and Denomination'. These are used indiscriminately or interchangeably. ^Messenger of the Presbyterian Church of Victoria, 29 November 1918. viii 'Sectarianism'. The term is used in the sense elaborated by Mark Lyons and describes any conflict between churchmen; it is not reserved to describe attacks by Protestants on the Catholic church.^ ^"Mark Lyons, 'Aspects of Sectarianism in New South Wales circa 1865 to 1880', Ph.D. Thesis, Australian National University, 1972. INTRODUCTION ix This thesis examines the reaction of Australian churchmen, ministers and laity, to the war of 1914-1918. It is one of a growing number of studies which have reconsidered the impact of war on various segments of Australian society. It seeks to contribute to our understanding of how the Australian people adjusted to the new experience of total war, and to add to our understanding of their society by examining one part of it in detail. Until recently, historians of the movement of social ideas in Australia have concentrated most of their attention on politicians, labour leaders and others of the 'ruling class'. Many, however, now appreciate that a more complete picture emerges when the area of investigation is expanded. Australians claimed to be a religious people. Their religious leaders assumed the right to speak on matters of public importance and worked strenuously to convert the people to their point of view. To ignore such activity is to reduce the size of the canvas on which the outline of Australian society will be portrayed. When war came, clergymen used the considerable resources at their disposal to explain and interpret what was happening in Belgium and France. They preached about the war, spoke of it at public meetings and wrote of it in church and local newspapers, drawing on their theology and the preconceptions they held about the war to make sense of events. An examination of these clerical ideas gives an insight into the general Australian debate and tests hypotheses other historians have made about Australia's reaction to the war. Clergymen hoped that Australia's participation, her 'baptism of fire', would have a regenerating effect on the nation. They expected that the crisis of war would allow them to wean the people from materialism and a love of pleasure and encourage them, instead, to reflect on eternal truths. In elaborating these expectations they and other churchmen expressed a large measure of dissatisfaction with the society in which they lived. They deplored the willingness of Australians to adopt the 'business-as-usual' attitude to drinking, gambling and sport. Since it was impossible to prohibit or even significantly to reduce such interests, churchmen experienced growing frustration and even anger as society refused to adopt X what they considered to be the means of improvement. Church leaders saw themselves as the guardians of public morals, as leaders of thought and as initiators of action; this thesis argues that they were rarely able to fulfil such self-appointed roles. The chaplains who served the men of the A.I.F. had the clearest proof that clergymen had only a marginal influence over the behaviour of Australian males. Some were bewildered by the fact that the indifference of their charges to formal religion did not breed the immorality they expected. Clergymen at home were unable to understand why men resisted their appeals to enlist. When they turned to conscription to 'help' men to follow the morally correct path they were troubled that the majority of the people rejected their point of view. Some even lamented their manifestly meagre influence over society. This frustration bred sectarianism, as churchmen searched for scapegoats to account for the defeat of conscription. The war, therefore, forced churchmen to examine their role in society. It also allows the historian to assess to what extent society valued the mission of the church. Thus, this thesis, although narrowing its scope to one section of society, attempts to throw some light on the motivations and aspirations of the whole society.
Recommended publications
  • Inaugural Speeches in the NSW Parliament Briefing Paper No 4/2013 by Gareth Griffith
    Inaugural speeches in the NSW Parliament Briefing Paper No 4/2013 by Gareth Griffith ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author would like to thank officers from both Houses for their comments on a draft of this paper, in particular Stephanie Hesford and Jonathan Elliott from the Legislative Assembly and Stephen Frappell and Samuel Griffith from the Legislative Council. Thanks, too, to Lenny Roth and Greig Tillotson for their comments and advice. Any errors are the author’s responsibility. ISSN 1325-5142 ISBN 978 0 7313 1900 8 May 2013 © 2013 Except to the extent of the uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means including information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior consent from the Manager, NSW Parliamentary Research Service, other than by Members of the New South Wales Parliament in the course of their official duties. Inaugural speeches in the NSW Parliament by Gareth Griffith NSW PARLIAMENTARY LIBRARY RESEARCH SERVICE Gareth Griffith (BSc (Econ) (Hons), LLB (Hons), PhD), Manager, Politics & Government/Law .......................................... (02) 9230 2356 Lenny Roth (BCom, LLB), Acting Senior Research Officer, Law ............................................ (02) 9230 3085 Lynsey Blayden (BA, LLB (Hons)), Research Officer, Law ................................................................. (02) 9230 3085 Talina Drabsch (BA, LLB (Hons)), Research Officer, Social Issues/Law ........................................... (02) 9230 2484 Jack Finegan (BA (Hons), MSc), Research Officer, Environment/Planning..................................... (02) 9230 2906 Daniel Montoya (BEnvSc (Hons), PhD), Research Officer, Environment/Planning ..................................... (02) 9230 2003 John Wilkinson (MA, PhD), Research Officer, Economics ...................................................... (02) 9230 2006 Should Members or their staff require further information about this publication please contact the author.
    [Show full text]
  • Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru the National Assembly for Wales
    Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru The National Assembly for Wales Y Pwyllgor Materion Cyfansoddiadol a Deddfwriaethol The Constitutional and Legislative Affairs Committee Dydd Llun, 11 Mawrth 2013 Monday, 11 March 2013 Cynnwys Contents Cyflwyniad, Ymddiheuriadau, Dirprwyon a Datganiadau o Fuddiant Introduction, Apologies, Substitutions and Declarations of Interest Offerynnau Nad Ydynt yn Cynnwys Unrhyw Faterion i’w Codi o dan Reolau Sefydlog Rhif 21.2 neu 21.3 Instruments that Raise no Reporting Issues under Standing Order Nos. 21.2 or 21.3 Offerynnau sy’n Cynnwys Materion i Gyflwyno Adroddiad arnynt i’r Cynulliad o dan Reolau Sefydlog Rhif 21.2 neu 21.3 Instruments that Raise Issues to be Reported to the Assembly under Standing Order Nos. 21.2 or 21.3 Cynnig o dan Reol Sefydlog Rhif 17.42 i Benderfynu Gwahardd y Cyhoedd o’r Cyfarfod Motion under Standing Order No. 17.42 to Resolve to Exclude the Public from the Meeting Tystiolaeth Ynghylch yr Ymchwiliad i Ddeddfu a’r Eglwys yng Nghymru Evidence in Relation to the Inquiry on Law Making and the Church in Wales Papurau i’w Nodi Papers to Note Cynnig o dan Reol Sefydlog Rhif 17.42(vi) i Benderfynu Gwahardd y Cyhoedd o’r Cyfarfod 11/03/2013 Motion under Standing Order No. 17.42(vi) to Resolve to Exclude the Public from the Meeting Cofnodir y trafodion yn yr iaith y llefarwyd hwy ynddi yn y pwyllgor. Yn ogystal, cynhwysir trawsgrifiad o’r cyfieithu ar y pryd. The proceedings are reported in the language in which they were spoken in the committee.
    [Show full text]
  • Welsh Church
    (S.R. 0-- O. and S.I. Revised to December 31,1948) ---------~ ~--"------- WELSH CHURCH 1. Charter of Incorporation. 2. Burial Grounds (Commencemen~ 1 of Enactment). p. 220. 1. Charter of Incorporation ORDER IN COUNCIl, APPROVING DRAFT CHARTER UNDER SECTION 13 (2) OF THE WELSH CHURCH ACT, 1914 (4 & 5 GEO. 5. c. 91) INCORPORATING THE REPRESENTA­ TIVE BODY OF THE CHURCH IN WALES. 1919 No. 564 At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 15th day of April, 1919. PRESENT, The King's Most Excellent Majesty in Gouncil. :\Vhereas there was this day read at the Board a Report of a Cmnmittee of the Lord.. of His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy C.ouncil, dated the 9th day of April, 1919, in the words following, VIZ.:- " Your Majesty having been pleased, by Your Order of the 10th day of February, 1919, to refer unto this Committee the humble Petition of The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of St. Asaph, The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of St. David's, 'rhe Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Bangor, The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Llandaff, The Right Honourable Sir John Eldon Bankes, The Right Honourable Sir J ames Richard Atkin, Sir Owen Philipps, G.C.M.G., M.P., and The Honourable Sir John Sankey, G.B.E., praying that Your Majesty would be pleased, in exercise of Your Royal Preroga- 1,ive and of the power in that behalf contained in Section 13 (2) of the Welsh Church Act, 1914, to grant a Charter of Incorpora­ tion to the persons mentioned in the Second Schedule to the said Petition, and their successors, being the Representative Body of the Church in Wales under the provisions of the said Ad: "1'he Lords of the Committee, in obedience to Your Majesty's said Order of Reference, have taken the said Petition into consideration, and do this day agree humbly to report, as their opinion, to Your Majesty, that a Charter may be grant~~ by Your Majesty in terms of the Draft hereunto annexed.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Notes: the Sesquicentenary Committee
    BOOK NOTES By David Clune * In a recent Book Note, two works sponsored by the Sesquicentenary of Responsible Government in NSW Committee were mentioned. As the Sesquicentenary year advances, readers of Australasian Parliamentary Review may be interested in a summary of what else has been published so far under the Committee’s auspices. The Sesquicentenary Committee is funding works on the major political parties and minor parties and independents in NSW. Michael Hogan’s Local Labor: A history of the Labor Party in Glebe, 1891–2003 (Federation Press, 2005) is a pioneering account of the ALP at grass roots level that also tells the story of Labor in NSW in microcosm. Recently published is Paul Davey’s The Nationals: The Progressive, Country and National Party in New South Wales 1919 to 2006 (Federation Press, 2006). A former journalist and Federal Director and NSW Secretary of the National Party, Paul Davey provides a sympathetic but balanced assessment of the Nationals and their predecessors. The Sesquicentenary Committee has combined with the State Records Authority of NSW to produce an administrative history of NSW. Hilary Golder’s Politics, Patronage and Public Works: The administration of New South Wales, Vol. 1, 1842–1900 (UNSW Press) was published in 2005. The next volume, Humble and Obedient Servants: The Administration of New South Wales 1901–1960 Vol. 2 by Peter J Tyler (UNSW Press) is now available. A Guide to New South Wales State Archives Relating to Responsible Government has also been published (State Records Authority of NSW, 2006). A number of biographical works have been sponsored.
    [Show full text]
  • Ijegisijative Council
    No, 17. • MINUTES OF THE PROOEEDINGS OF THE I JEGISIJATI VE COUNCIL. WEDNESDAY, 17 AUGUS1', 1910. 1. The House me~ pUl'i;Uant to adjournment. The P resident took the Chair. Mernbe1's p,'esent:- The Honorable Sir Francis Bathurst Suttor, Rt., President. The H onorable James Ashton, The Honorable William Fergus Hurley, The Honorable Reginald J ame.i Black, 'rile Honorable Hem'V Edward Kater. The Honorable Colonel James Burns, The Honorable A l ex ~nder Kethe.l, . The Honorable Nicholas James Buzacott, The Honorable Colonel James Alexa.nder Kenneth The Honorable Sir Joseph Hector Carruthers, Mackay, C.B., K.C.M.G., LL.D., The Honorable Chades Kinnaird Mackella.r, M.B., The Honorable J obn Mildl'ed Creed, M.R.C.S., C.M., The H onorable William Thomas Dick, 'rhe Honorable Sir Henry N ormand MacLauri n, The H Oll Ol'able George F rederick Earp, Kt., M.D., LL.D., The Honorable John Gibson Farleigh, The H onorable H enry Moses, 'rhe Honorable R ober t George Dnndas FitzGerald, Tbe H onorable J ohn Brady Nash, M.D., The Honorable Frederick Flowers, The H onorable Broughton Barnabas Q'Conor, The Honorable Edmund Walcott Fostery, C.M.G., The l I onorable Ch arles Edward P ilcher, K.C., The Honorable James Conley Gannon, K .o., The H onorable Ch arles James Roberts, C.M.G., The Honorable John Garland, R .C., 1'he H onorable William Robson, The Honorable H enry GuUett, 'rhe Honorable Alexander Ross, 'rhe Honorable J oh n Hepher, The Honorable Fergus J ago Smith, The Honorll.ble Louis Francis Heydon, The Honorable John Travers.
    [Show full text]
  • Welsh Disestablishment: 'A Blessing in Disguise'
    Welsh disestablishment: ‘A blessing in disguise’. David W. Jones The history of the protracted campaign to achieve Welsh disestablishment was to be characterised by a litany of broken pledges and frustrated attempts. It was also an exemplar of the ‘democratic deficit’ which has haunted Welsh politics. As Sir Henry Lewis1 declared in 1914: ‘The demand for disestablishment is a symptom of the times. It is the democracy that asks for it, not the Nonconformists. The demand is national, not denominational’.2 The Welsh Church Act in 1914 represented the outcome of the final, desperate scramble to cross the legislative line, oozing political compromise and equivocation in its wake. Even then, it would not have taken place without the fortuitous occurrence of constitutional change created by the Parliament Act 1911. This removed the obstacle of veto by the House of Lords, but still allowed for statutory delay. Lord Rosebery, the prime minister, had warned a Liberal meeting in Cardiff in 1895 that the Welsh demand for disestablishment faced a harsh democratic reality, in that: ‘it is hard for the representatives of the other 37 millions of population which are comprised in the United Kingdom to give first and the foremost place to a measure which affects only a million and a half’.3 But in case his audience were insufficiently disheartened by his homily, he added that there was: ‘another and more permanent barrier which opposes itself to your wishes in respect to Welsh Disestablishment’, being the intransigence of the House of Lords.4 The legislative delay which the Lords could invoke meant that the Welsh Church Bill was introduced to parliament on 23 April 1912, but it was not to be enacted until 18 September 1914.
    [Show full text]
  • Neville Wran. Australian Biographical Monographs No. 5, by David Clune
    158 Neville Wran. Australian Biographical Monographs No. 5, by David Clune. Cleveland (Qld): Connor Court Publishing, 2020. pp. 80, Paperback RRP $19.95 ISBN: 9781922449092 Elaine Thompson Former Associate Professor, University of New South Wales. It’s been many years since I’ve thought about Neville Wran, so I came to this monograph with an oPen mind, limited by two Personal judgements. The first was the belief that Wran was a giant of his time, a real leader and moderniser. The second was the tragedy (farce) of his last years. It was a reminder to us all that there are no guarantees that a great life will be rewarded with a kind death: for Neville Wran that was certainly not the case. Luckily, now with time we remember his leadershiP, his modernising Policies and his largely successful ability to dominate an extraordinarily Powerful Political Party with its deeP factions. David Clune’s monograph, through the use of first-hand materials and comments from Wran’s colleagues, takes us through Wran’s rise to Power, his successes as Premier and his fall via the web of corruPtion and scandal that ended his Premiership. Clune’s narrative is clear and remarkably free of value-judgements. It reminds us just how moribund the Politics and Parliament of NSW were at the time leading uP to Wran’s Government and of all the talent Wran brought with him, which transformed NSW Politics, Policy and Parliament. Of course, there were failures; things left incomPlete and the embedded corruPt culture of NSW Politics largely ignored. Nonetheless, in this monograph we gain a Picture of an extraordinary man leading Australia (via NSW) into the modern era.
    [Show full text]
  • Church Autonomy in the United Kingdom
    Final Draft - 12 March 1999 CHURCH AUTONOMY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM MARK HILL LLB, LLM(Canon Law), AKC, of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law; Research Fellow, Centre for Law and Religion, Cardiff Law School; Formerly Visiting Fellow, Emmanuel College, Cambridge; Deputy Chancellor of the Diocese of Winchester Presented to the Second European/American Conference on Religious Freedom, ‘Church Autonomy and Religious Liberty’, at the University of Trier, Germany, on 27-30 May 1999 From the point of view of the state, though not necessarily of every religious organisation, the autonomy of churches in any legal system is achieved actively, through the express grant and preservation of rights of self-determination, self-governance and self-regulation; and passively, through non-interference on the part of organs of state such as national government, local or regional government or the secular courts. In the United Kingdom there is no systematic provision made for the autonomy of churches and, in the main, a self-denying ordinance of neutrality predominates. This paper considers, by reference to the general and the particular, the operation of churches within the United Kingdom1 and the extent to which the state does – and does not – interfere with their internal regulation. The Human Rights Act 1998 Though the first nation state of the Council of Europe to ratify the European Convention on Human Rights on 18 March 1951, and though permitting individual petition to the European Court in Strasbourg since 1966,2 the United Kingdom declined to give effect to the Convention in its domestic law until the socialist government recently passed the Human Rights Act 1998.
    [Show full text]
  • Judi Bird Ordained a Priest in Hometown of Charlton
    The monthly Anglican Diocese of Bendigo september 2018 issue 140 Priested: Judi Bird with Archdeacon Anne McKenna and Bishop Matt as she is presented as a newly ordained priest Photo: Jenny Pollard Judi Bird ordained a priest in hometown of Charlton Sarah Crutch Bishop Matt, carrying out his first congregation responding in great ordination as Bishop of Bendigo, applause as she was presented as a he Revd Judi Bird was ordained preached from Ephesians 4: 1-13 where newly ordained priest in the Church a priest in the very same church he outlined the role of a priest and of God. encouraged Judi and the congregation sheT was baptised and confirmed in “To also be ordained in the church in to be expectant of God’s gifts for us. at a vibrant ordination service led by which I was baptised and confirmed Bishop Matt Brain on 18 August. “God is a gift-giving God, and if that is is a source of joy for me,” Judi said. true, then we as God’s people need to be With the excitement of hosting such a “Support and encouragement has expectant – we need to want what God is special occasion, the people of St Martin’s come from everywhere and for this I about to give,” he said. Charlton and the parish of Charlton- am eternally grateful”. Donald welcomed not just regular “Judi you are being gifted so that all of Judi will continue to minister as parishioners but friends from the local God’s people can be engaged in His work”.
    [Show full text]
  • Select List 38. Question Is Shall the Right Reverend Francis De Witt Batty, M. A., Bishop of Newcastle, Be P
    Select List 38. Question is shall the Right Reverend Francis de Witt Batty, M. A., Bishop of Newcastle, be placed on the Select List? 39. Proposed by Rev Dr. Micklem, seconded by Mr C. H. G. Simpson, supported by Sir Albert Gould, Chancellor. 40. Vote taken. 41. The Right Reverend Francis de Witt Batty is not placed on the Select List. 42. The question is shall the Reverend Thomas Walter Gilbert, M.A., D.D., Principal of St. John's Hall, Highbury, be placed on the Select List? 43. Proposed by Archdeacon Charlton, seconded by Mr T. S. Holt. 44. Mr H. L. Tress said that information had been received that he is uncertain that he will even consider the nomination. 45. Vote taken. 46. The Reverend Dr. Gilbert is not placed on the Select List. 47. The question is shall the Reverend Arthur Rowland Harry Grant, D.D., C.V.O., M.V.O., Canon Residentiary in Norwich Cathedral, be placed on the Select List? 48. Proposed by Rev S. H. Denman, seconded by Mr H. L. Tress, supported by Rev Stanley Howard and Canon H. S. Begbie. 49. Vote taken. 50. The Rev Canon Grant, D.D., is placed on the Select List. 51. The question is, shall the Reverend Laurence William Grensted, D.D., Canon of Liverpool Cathedral, be placed on the Select List? 52. Proposed by Rev Dixon Hudson; seconded by Rev H. N. Baker; supported by Rev G. C. Glanville, Rev C.' T. Parkinson, Rev L. N. Sutton and Canon Garnsey. 53. Vote taken. 54.
    [Show full text]
  • The Religious Life for Women in Australian Anglicanism, 1892-1995
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Sydney eScholarship THE BEST KEPT SECRET IN THE CHURCH : THE RELIGIOUS LIFE FOR WOMEN IN AUSTRALIAN ANGLICANISM, 1892-1995 BY GAIL ANNE BALL A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Studies in Religion University of Sydney (c) Gail Ball June 2000 CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 9 CHAPTER ONE 10 The Introduction of the Religious Life into the Church of England in the Nineteenth Century CHAPTER TWO 34 The Introduction of Dedicated Work for Women in the Anglican Church in the Australian Colonies CHAPTER THREE 67 The Establishment and Diversification of the Outreach of Religious Communities in Australia: 1892-1914 CHAPTER FOUR 104 From Federation to the Second World War: A Time of Expansion and Consolidation for the Religious Life CHAPTER FIVE 135 The Established Communities from the Second World War PAGE CHAPTER SIX The Formation of New Communities 164 between 1960 and 1995 CHAPTER SEVEN 187 An Appraisal of Spirituality particularly as it relates to the Religious Community CHAPTER EIGHT 203 Vocation CHAPTER NINE 231 Rules, Government and Customs CHAPTER TEN 268 The Communities Compared CHAPTER ELEVEN 287 Outreach - An Overview CHAPTER TWELVE 306 The Future CONCLUSION 325 BIBLIOGRAPHY 334 General Section 336 Archival Section 361 APPENDIX ONE 370 Professed Sisters of the Communities in Australia, 1995 Professed Sisters of Former Communities 386 Bush Church Aid Deaconesses
    [Show full text]
  • The Activity and Influence of the Established Church in England, C. 1800-1837
    The Activity and Influence of the Established Church in England, c. 1800-1837 Nicholas Andrew Dixon Pembroke College, Cambridge This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. November 2018 Declaration This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my dissertation has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It does not exceed the prescribed word limit for the relevant Degree Committee. Nicholas Dixon November 2018 ii Thesis Summary The Activity and Influence of the Established Church in England, c. 1800-1837 Nicholas Andrew Dixon Pembroke College, Cambridge This thesis examines the various ways in which the Church of England engaged with English politics and society from c. 1800 to 1837. Assessments of the early nineteenth-century Church of England remain coloured by a critique originating in radical anti-clerical polemics of the period and reinforced by the writings of the Tractarians and Élie Halévy. It is often assumed that, in consequence of social and political change, the influence of a complacent and reactionary church was irreparably eroded by 1830.
    [Show full text]