GLASGOW CULTURAL STATISTICS DIGEST

A Digest of Cultural Statistics

John Myerscough

Prepared for Glasgow City Council and Glasgow Life

Co-funded by Glasgow Life, Creative Scotland and Glasgow City Council

January 2011

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2

CONTENTS

Introduction 4

1. Overview 6

2. Performance 12

3. Visual arts 32

4. Multi-arts, literature, and audio-visual 36

5. Museums 44

6. Historic buildings and heritage 51

7. Libraries and archives 57

8. Festivals, events 60

9. Education, Training and outreach 63

10. Voluntary organisations 71

11. Markets and attendance 74

12. Creative industries 85

13. Tourism 90

14. Resources 96

15. Lists of organisations within cultural sector 107

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1 INTRODUCTION

This Cultural Statistics Digest is intended to provide a quantitative basis for understanding the nature of Glasgow‟s cultural sector and the journey on which it has travelled. It sets a baseline for the sector, which can be used in thinking about its next phase of development. The work was commissioned by Glasgow Life and the Development and Regeneration Services of Glasgow City Council, with additional funding from Scottish Arts Council (now Creative Scotland).

The definition of the cultural sector employed in the Digest covers performance (drama, dance, music, halls and theatres), the visual arts, the heritage (museums, historic buildings, libraries and archives), literature and screen culture. These relate broadly to the classifications recommended in the DCMS‟s Evidence Toolkit - DET (2004). Materials on the creative industries and on tourism are also included, but not sport. The Digest adopts an “industrial” definition of the cultural sector. Many people with “cultural occupations” are economically active in other industrial sectors. Available data on “cultural occupations” can be seen in Section 14.

The Digest covers all the domains within the cultural sector and it describes structures and resources alongside activities and outcomes. Cross-cuts and contextual information are provided on markets, attendance, education, training and resources. The comparisons with earlier periods are made possible by previous work undertaken on similar lines. The principal previous studies cited in the Digest are Economic Importance of the Arts in Glasgow (1988), Glasgow Cultural Statistics Framework (1998) and Monitoring Glasgow 1990 (1991).

The Digest has been assembled by making use of existing quantitative material. A number of new analyses of existing data have also been supplied. Its contents are in the form of some 154 tables. A Technical Appendix is available on request. As necessary, and where possible, these have been subject to an appropriate level of validation and cross-checked to ensure consistency and comparability. The aim is to enable consistent read-across amongst the various tables. Commentaries are provided in each section, drawing attention to key features.

The dependence on available materials means that not all gaps could be fully filled. For example, a better record of the artistic and creative outputs and achievements of the cultural sector in the City would have been helpful. Some comparisons have been drawn with other cities and with the national level, where data are available. The continuing lack of comprehensive, consistent cultural statistics at the Scotland and the UK levels limits what has been possible in this respect.

Many people and organisations helped in the preparation of the digest. The Steering Group of the project comprised Mark O‟Neill, Charles Bell, Kate Wallace, Bridget Sly and Keri Isdale. To these and the numerous other individuals who supplied data and responded to specific queries, deep thanks are owed.

Symbols and conventions

The following symbols are used in the tables:

[] square brackets indicate incomplete returns and another uncertainties, including estimations - nil .. not available na not applicable x less than half the final digit shown / represents the financial year, unless otherwise stated

Dates: financial years, unless stated otherwise.

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GLASGOW POPULATION AND DRIVETIMES

Resident population, Glasgow City, contiguous local authorities, and Scotland, estimate, June 2008

Pop. % Glasgow City 584,240 11.3

West Dunbartonshire 90,940 East Dunbartonshire 104,720 North Lanarkshire 325,520 South Lanarkshire 310,090 East Renfrewshire 89,220 Renfrewshire 169,800 Outer Glasgow all 1,090,290 21.1

Greater Glasgow 1,674,530 32.4

Scotland 5,186,560 100.0

Drivetime populations, Glasgow and comparators, 2009

Resident population Adult (15+) 30 mins 45 mins 60 mins 30 mins 45 mins 60 mins Thousand Glasgow 1,508 2,198 2,815 1,257 1,828 2,342

Birmingham 1,784 3,637 4,980 1,429 2,954 4,066 Leeds 1,570 3,049 5,182 1,286 2,497 4,245 Manchester 1,438 3,409 5,941 1,187 2,795 4,878 Liverpool 1,377 3,007 5,473 1,137 2,481 4,500 Newcastle 1,144 1,654 2,085 957 1,387 1,742 Sheffield 1,012 2,243 4,387 840 1,856 3,630 Nottingham 962 2,205 4,122 805 1,832 3,409 Bristol 929 1,853 3,048 774 1,534 2,521

Southampton 749 1,431 2,345 624 1,191 1,950 Edinburgh 662 1,086 1,964 562 910 1,635 Cardiff 609 1,147 1,876 503 944 1,548 Bournemouth 477 731 1,392 405 618 1,171

Source: Audiences South.

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OVERVIEW

1. OVERVIEW

Sector

Glasgow‟s cultural sector is a major asset for the City and for Scotland. Comprising 184 professional organisations, employing some 3,484 FTEs and with a turnover of £186 million, it covers in depth most of the cultural domains (Table 1.1). The largest cluster is in performance; drama, music and dance companies, theatres and halls together employ some 1,485 FTEs. Museums, employing 496, form the next largest cluster. Self employed musicians, actors, dancers, artists and authors based in the City number a further 1,779, which brings the total cultural-sector workforce to 5,263.

Heritage

Glasgow‟s museums are the most attended outside London and contain huge collections of international significance (see Section 5). The City‟s architectural heritage strides the centuries and reflects Glasgow‟s medieval origins and its climb to a world manufacturing role and industrial prosperity. Glasgow‟s nineteenth-century townscape and the critical legacy of Charles Rennie Mackintosh‟s work are assets of world renown (see Section 6).

Performing arts

The big four (of the five) Scottish national performing companies are based in Glasgow. Scottish Ballet, Scottish Opera, the Royal Scottish National Orchestra and the National Theatre of Scotland, together with a further three producing theatres, the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra (Scotland‟s broadcasting orchestra), and numerous independent companies in drama, dance and music, add up to the largest concentration of live producing power in the performing arts outside London (see Section 2).

Visual arts and contemporary music

Glasgow has become one of the liveliest centres for the visual arts (see Section 3), with ever more artists‟ studios, prizes and accolades. This is fed to a significant degree by the success of the Glasgow School of Art. Glasgow‟s music scene (see Section 2), endlessly able to renew itself, continues to make an international impact.

Market

Glasgow‟s market for culture is highly developed and competitive (Table 1.2). The museums attract 3.57 million visits and the heritage a further 0.56 million. Live performances total 3,456 a year (excluding clubbing), averaging over nine a day, draw some 2.31 million admissions, 1.30 million to theatres/halls/centres and 1.01 million to concerts (pop and classical). The market for culture overall (excluding clubbing, cinema and libraries) increased by 45% from 1989 to 2008/09 and is 20% higher than at the early special peak in 1990.

Cultural actions

Visits to museums, heritage, concerts, theatre, visual arts and festivals, total 7.39 million. Adding cinema admissions (3.56 million), library visits (4.52 million) and outreach participations (0.45 million) brings the grand total (excluding clubbing) for cultural “actions” to 15.92 million (2008/09).

Innovation

The dynamism of Glasgow‟s cultural sector and its power to innovate was evident well before 1990. They have remained a Glasgow hallmark subsequently. The cultural sector has increased greatly in size since 1990, with new bodies (90) outnumbering the many (44) closures (Table 1.3). There are more drama producers, more dance professionals, more festivals, more museums and extra heritage sites to visit. Performance numbers have also increased by 75% since (since 1996/97). The growth in jobs has been considerable (up 44% since 1992/93), and much greater among independent practitioners than within the institutions (Table 1.4).

Responsive public

Glasgow‟s cultural expansion has elicited a strong response from its residents. The propensity to attend arts and cultural activities and organisations started below the Scottish average, jumped above the Scottish average in 1990, and remains above today. The propensity to attend has risen by over a fifth in the last 20 years (see Section 11). This development was evident in all social grades and ages, but particularly pronounced amongst under-35s and over 55s and the C2DEs.

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OVERVIEW

Funding

The City of Glasgow is Scotland‟s highest spending local authority in culture and the Scottish government provides major support to Glasgow‟s cultural system, but only in the arts, not for the City‟s museums (see Section 14). Other funding streams support Glasgow‟s broadcasting orchestra and its top training organisations for entry into the creative industries. Government spend on the arts in Glasgow has increased substantially since the late l990s, whilst City spend has not. Consequently, whereas the City was responsible for 66% of public spending on the arts and museums in the City in l997/98, its share has fallen to some 52% in 2008/09.

Fabric renewal

Much progress has been made in renewing the physical fabric of Glasgow‟s cultural infrastructure, utilising Lottery funding. The built heritage has benefited from regeneration investment. Refurbishment has been used to improve the operating conditions and the rooting in the City of key institutions. Two new organisations have come from this process, Trongate 103 and the Lighthouse, but few new buildings. The Bridge at Easterhouse, the Science Centre (a new operation) and the forthcoming, exciting Riverside Museum are the principal examples.

Training

Scotland‟s creative community concentrates greatly in Glasgow which is home to 42% of the country‟s actors, dancers, broadcasters, 38% of its musicians and 29% of its artists and graphic designers (Table 14.4). Glasgow is Scotland‟s major centre for training in the cultural professions, and training accounts for a fifth of the cultural sector in the City. The Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama, Scotland‟s national conservatoire, and the Glasgow School of Art are vital to the country‟s competitiveness in the cultural and creative industries (see Section 9).

Metropolis

Glasgow‟s exceptional cultural sector is unequalled in its range and scale in the UK outside London (Tables 13.12, 13.13). The City is Scotland‟s cultural metropolis and the comparators for this are best sought among the ambitious and well provided capitals of the smaller European states. The cultural strengths of Edinburgh largely complement those of Glasgow and, pulled together, the two conurbations almost breach the three-million population threshold to become a “global” city.

City‟s pulling power

Glasgow‟s metropolitan role can be clearly seen in the wide geographic extent of the market for its culture. Residents of the City account for a minority (42%) of museum attendance (Table 11.5) and less (30%) of performance ticket sales (Table 11.1). Outer Glasgow is more important to performance (42% of ticket sales) than to the museums (21% of attendance). The more distant market beyond Greater Glasgow is important to both aspects and delivers 32% of performance ticket sales and 37% of museum entrances. This is where the market for culture has an important interaction with tourism (see Section 13). Glasgow‟s successful growth in tourism is significantly driven by cultural tourism.

Employment

The direct employment in the cultural sector, the stimulus given by the cultural sector to the visitor economy (including the vital interaction with tourism), and the spill-over into Glasgow‟s creative industries, bring the City economic benefits. In addition to its exceptional arts and culture sector, Glasgow has the greatest concentration of the creative industries in Scotland and one of the largest in the UK outside London (see Section 12). The City has strong clusters in broadcasting, film, advertising, design, multi-media, publishing, software and music. The creative industries and arts and culture sector together directly support a workforce of some 31,000 people, equivalent to 7% of the City‟s total employment.

Social growth and international profile

The economic benefits are only one dimension of the sector‟s value. A strong cultural sector is an engine of social growth and of civic participation, and the City‟s reputation and international profile continues to benefit from its cultural standing. Glasgow remains the second most visited major city after Edinburgh, outside London, amongst overseas leisure tourists (Table 13.4). The overseas demand for work by Glasgow‟s companies is increasing and Glasgow‟s creative community, especially in the visual arts, is drawing more international figures into its fold.

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OVERVIEW

Prime benefit

The prime benefit that the City gains from its cultural sector can be seen in the energy and stimulus given to daily life in the City, the pride and self-confidence generated in Glasgow and Scotland, the points of aspiration provided for young people, and the spiritual ease which can be delivered for all through engagement with the arts. These are found above all in the direct engagement of Glasgow‟s people with the performances, exhibitions and displays available in the City‟s cultural institutions and from the individual products of its creative community.

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OVERVIEW

Table 1.1 Glasgow cultural sector, turnover, employment and organisations, 2008/09

Turnover Staff Orgs

£m FTE no. Performance 87.62 1,485 57 Visual arts 4.83 78 24 Centres, other 5.43 107 11 Museumsa 21.04 496 19 Heritageb 8.35 77 10 Libraries, archives 14.96 405 34 Festivals, eventsc 2.96 18d 12 Training 38.62 707 10 Supporte 5.17 111 9 Totalf 185.98 3,484g 186

Source: see Tables 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1, 1.11. a Excludes 1 museum under training. b 5 heritage properties under museums (4) and training (1). c Art-form festivals under domains. d Core only. e Art-form support under domains. f Annual Business Enquiry data in 2005, which covers employees only, analysed by Ekos Ltd, recorded for the „arts and cultural industries”, 195 business units with 2,502 employees and a gross value added of £28.34 million. g In addition, self-employed actors, dancers, musicians, visual artists, directors/officers and authors resident in Greater Glasgow number 1,779 (2001).

Table 1.2 Glasgow City cultural attendance, by domain

1989 1990 96/97 07/08 08/09 % change Thousand 89-96 96-08 89-08 Theatres/halls/centresa 857 1,194 966 1,205b 1,305b +13 +35 +52 c Arenas 307 363 342 1,078 1,005 +11 +194 +227 d Visual arts 210 308 242 179 246 +15 +2 +17 Museums 3,092 3,565 3,515 4,475e 3,571e +14 +2 +15 Historics 151 151 322 564 554 +113 +72 +267 Total 4,617 5,581 5,387 7,501 6,681 +17 +24 +45 Festivals/events .. .. 184 950f 990g .. +438 .. Library visits .. .. 4,300 4,473 4,517 .. +5 ..

Source: see Tables 2.2, 2.6, 3.2, 5.3, 6.2, 8.2, 7.1. a Drama, dance, musical theatre, classical music; also GFT. b Includes Clyde Auditorium. c Major popular music venues; excludes stadium performances at Hampden. d Centres of practice and specialist galleries in contemporary art only; excludes museum shows and exhibitions in commercial/group galleries. e Calendar year. f Of which, 215k also enumerated within theatres, halls, visual arts and historics, above. g Of which, 298k also enumerated within theatres, halls, visual arts and historics, above.

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OVERVIEW

Table 1.3 Glasgow cultural institutions and organisations, by domain

1990 1998 2009 Changes Number of insts & orgs 90-98 98-09 90-09 Performance Drama Producing theatres 2 3 3 +1 - +1 NTS (producer) - - 1 - +1 +1 Ind companies 9 26 16 +17 -10 +7 Subtotal 11 29 20 +18 -9 +9 Dance 7 2 11 -5 +9 +4 Music/music theatre 17 13 13 -4 - -4 Subtotal 35 44 44 +9 - +9 Venues Theatres 5a 5b 6b - +1 +1 Halls 5 5 3 - -2 -2 Arena, pop venues 2 2 5 - +3 +3 Small receivers 6 8 2 +2 -6 -4 Subtotal 18 20 16 +2 +4 -2 Visual arts 9 13 24 +4 +11 +15 Multi-arts centres 4 4 4 - - - Otherc 3 3 7 - +4 +4 Museums (registered) Glasgow City 8 11 12 +3 +1 +4 Other 7 7 7 - +1 +1 Subtotal 15 18 19 +3 +1 +4 Heritaged 9 12 15 +3 +3 +6 Libraries [34] 34 33 - -1 -1 Training 7 8 10 +1 +2 +3 Supporte 5 6 9 +1 +3 +4 Festivals, events 4 6 12f +2 +6 +8 Grand totalg 138 161 184 +23 +23 +46

Source: Monitoring Glasgow 1990 (1991), GCSF (1998), CSG (Glasgow Life) and domain listings in Technical Appendix. a Of which, two also included under producing theatres. b Of which, three also included under producing theatres. c Literature, press, audio-visual. d Glasgow School of Art included under training and museums; Scotland Street School, Pollok House and Provand‟s Lordship under museums. e Ten art-form and heritage support organisations within domains. f Eleven single art-form festivals within domains. g Excludes numerous small organisations and recipients of small grants: see Appendix A. .

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OVERVIEW

Table 1.4 Glasgow cultural sector, employment trends, selected domains (performance, museums and independent practitioners), 1992/93, 1996/97, 2008/09

92/93 96/97 08/09

Number Performancea Companies, ensembles 889 826 889 Halls, theatres 455 525 596 Total 1,339 1,351 1,485 Museums, visual arts Glasgow City Museums 393 370 391 Other museumsb, h‟tgec, vis arts 296 321 412 Total 689 691 803 Independent practitioners, support 835 1,216 1,838d Total 2,879 3,258 4,144

Source: GCSF (1998); Tables passim. a Table 2.1. b Includes staff in registered museums in Outer Glasgow (152 FTE on 22 sites, 2008/09). c Tables 3.1, 6.1. d Includes 1,779 self-employed actors, dancers, musicians, visual artists and authors resident in Greater Glasgow 2001 (Table 14.12) and arts support (Table 4.11).

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PERFORMANCE

2. PERFORMANCE

Scale

The institutions dealing with live performance are much the largest element within Glasgow‟s substantial cultural system (Table 1.1). They generate a turnover of £88 million (2008/09) and employ some 1,485 FTE (Table 2.1). Performance is perhaps the most complex among the different domains, covering drama, dance and music, and in Glasgow this involves almost all their different forms and combinations.

Production

Producing new work is the aspect of performance which needs the greatest resource. In Glasgow, this involves some 44 organisations, production companies, performing ensembles, festivals and support bodies. Production accounts for 62% of the turnover and 60% of the jobs in the performance total. Four of Scotland‟s five National Performing Companies, Scottish Opera, Scottish Ballet, Scottish National Theatre and the Royal Scottish National Orchestra are based in the City. The concentration of live producing power in Glasgow is unequalled in any British city outside London.

Venues

The auditoria where Glasgow‟s performances take place number some 25 (Table 2.3). They comprise both producing theatres and presenting venues and cover the full range from receiving theatres to concert halls, pop venues, the multi-arts centres, various education venues (not least the halls and theatres within the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama) and Scotland‟s largest arena, SECC‟s Hall 4. The total seating capacity is 32,274. This figure excludes cinemas and clubs. In a comparison with Manchester of regular capacity (which excludes the arenas in the two conurbations), Glasgow has some 22,000 seats compared to Manchester‟s 16,4001 (including Salford, Oldham and Bolton).

Producing venues

The Citizens, Tron and Arches own and/or operate their own theatres, where they make and present their own work, alongside that of visiting companies. Scottish Opera owns the Theatre Royal, which is equipped for mainscale opera and ballet and is used extensively for stage rehearsals, as well as performance by both Scottish Opera and Scottish Ballet. Scottish Ballet has its own office, rehearsals studios and workshop premises within the Tramway. The BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra (BBC SSO) lives in the City Halls as its rehearsal and concert base and broadcasting studio. The Royal Scottish National Orchestra (RNSO) has priority use of the Royal Concert Hall for concerts and limited rehearsal, but currently has no other presence in the building.

Receiving theatres and halls

Glasgow‟s receiving theatres are the Theatre Royal and the King‟s Theatre, and the independent Pavilion, styled Glasgow‟s “family friendly theatre”. ATG is engaged to operate both the Theatre Royal and the King‟s Theatre. SECC‟s large Clyde Auditorium has also successfully entered the musicals and light-entertainment market. Two relatively new pop venues owned by Academy Music have increased the overall concert capacity. The upgraded City Halls and Fruitmarket have been brought into joint management with the Royal Concert Halls in 2005/06. This was transferred to Glasgow Life in 2010 and important changes to the curated programme of the Royal Concert Halls are being introduced, seeking new audiences and new levels of artistic collaboration with Glasgow‟s orchestras.

Performances and attendance

In 2008/09, some 3,456 live performances were given in the Glasgow venues (Table 2.2). They average over nine performances a day. The largest number took place in the producing theatres, at 1,221, with 785 in the receiving theatres (including the Clyde Auditorium). The concert halls accounted for 349 performances and the pop venues and arena 436. Attendance in the same year totalled some 2.3 million. The largest interest was for the popular-music and arena programmes, which drew some 1,005k, with 756k attending performances in the receiving theatres. The concert halls drew 303k. Music as a whole (concert halls, pop venues and arena) accounted for more than half (57%) of total attendance.

1 Comprising Palace, Opera House, Lowry, Royal Exchange, Library Theatre, Bolton Octagon, Oldham Coliseum, Bridgewater Hall, Carling Apollo, Roadhouse, Night & Day, Green Room, Moss Centre, Contact Theatre, Royal Northern College of Music.

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PERFORMANCE

Music

The two symphony orchestras, RSNO and BBC SSO, and Scottish Opera, are the marker performing institutions of Glasgow‟s exceptional music-making system. Smaller ensembles based in the City include the Scottish Ensemble and Theatre Cryptic. The Scottish Chamber Orchestra (from Edinburgh) presents a successful weekly concert series at the City Halls. Glasgow‟s music flows into the life of the City beyond the central institutions and the 1,308 performances of all types in the concert halls and large pop-music venues. The Glasgow City of Music successful bid document to UNESCO identified over 220 bands in Glasgow (Table 2.15) and the Census (2001) enumerated 739 professional musicians living the Greater Glasgow. A further 200 or so concerts are presented outwith the concert halls in places such as universities, churches, heritage building theatres, and multi-arts centres (Table 2.14). These include 21 chamber music concerts organised by music clubs under the Enterprise Music Scotland umbrella. King Tut‟s famously leads the smaller-scale, popular-music scene, presenting over 320 shows (2008). Some 239 clubs, pubs, hotels and restaurants are licensed to play live music in the City.

Dance

Dance has expanded in recent years, with a new generation of contemporary dance professionals building a presence in Glasgow alongside a revitalised Scottish Ballet. But it still remains a small area. Indepen-dance is a special needs provider. With the support of the dance community, developments are beginning to emerge in circus and street theatre.

Drama

Around 20 companies are involved in the making of drama in Glasgow, where a new ecology is being established, exhibiting more informality and newly brokered relationships. The recently formed National Theatre of Scotland is part of this development. It functions as a producing house, with no theatre of its own. Productions are mounted increasingly in partnership with companies in Scotland and elsewhere (Table 2.17). It is still exploring its relationship with the existing theatre infrastructure in Glasgow (Tables 2.18, 2.19). Glasgow‟s three producing theatres, the Citizens‟, Arches and the Tron, each occupy their own artistic space. The Citizens‟ has the largest producing capacity and remains the principal place in Glasgow to see mainscale drama. Key independent companies include Visible Fictions, Vanishing Point, Mischief La-Bas and Birds of Paradise (special needs).

Trends in performances and attendance

There were 82% more performances in Glasgow in 2008/09 than 20 years previously (Table 2.2). The number of performances increased in all kinds of venue, with the largest proportional gain occurring in popular music. By the same token, attendance, totalling 2,310k in 2008/09, was 98% higher than 20 years previously. The growth was most evident in the popular-music venues, and also in the receiving theatres. Glasgow has seized, impressively, the opportunity presented by vigorous development in the live-entertainment market. This accounted in 2008/09 for 76% of total attendance at live performances in the City, compared to some 64% in 1989.

Producing theatres

The producing theatres more than doubled their performances from 1989 to 2008/09 (Table 2.4). This included a new emphasis on tours-in (Table 2.21), both by Glasgow-based companies and companies from elsewhere, including abroad (Table 2.22). But the producing theatres did not as a group experience the surge in demand enjoyed by the receiving theatres and especially by the popular-music venues. Whereas, from 1989 to 2008/09 total attendance at the producing theatres fell by 12%, paid admissions to the receiving theatres rose by 75% (Table 2.5). In the pop-music venues, including Hall 4, attendance was some 227% higher in 2008/09 than it had been in 1989 (Table 2.6). Average attendances at the producing theatres in 2008/09 were well down on earlier levels. This in part reflected a change in the scale and character of the work. Recently, audiences have begun responding to new approaches. The new business model at the Arches, built on clubbing, has increased performance attendance (Table 2.25). The Citizens‟ has built back its audience from the lowest point, in 2004/05, and the Tron has achieved again an upward trajectory (Table 2.5).

Scottish Opera and Scottish Ballet

The number of mainscale performances mounted by both Scottish Opera and Scottish Ballet are well below the levels of 15 years ago (Table 2.7). Consequently, both total and average attendances have fallen (Table 2.8). Under a restructuring plan, Scottish Opera performances were suspended in 2005/06 and the company was reduced in size. Both Scottish Opera and Scottish Ballet have begun the process of rebuilding from a lower base of mainscale activity. There is evidence of an upturn in the public for

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PERFORMANCE

Scottish Ballet, including revived demand for its work outside Scotland (Table 2.24). The Glasgow audiences for Scottish Opera were higher in 2009/10 than in 2008/09 and the demand for its alternative- scale work continues to be strong (Table 2.23).

Halls and orchestras

Attendance at the Glasgow Concert Halls stays in the range of 300k to 400k (Table 2.9). Admissions topped 400k in the early 1990s (Table 2.5) and again in 2006/07, the first full year of the reopened City Halls. Subsequently, numbers of performances and average attendances have moved down, equally for classical and other concerts (Table 2.10). The success of the popular music venues provides strong competition to the Glasgow Concert Halls (Table 2.29). Glasgow‟s orchestras each currently have strong artistic leadership to which the public is responding (Table 2.11) and bold audience development at the RSNO is beginning to pay off (Table 2.12). Average attendances are rising again for both the BBC SSO and the RSNO. The SCO continues to achieve impressively consistent results in the refurbished City Halls.

Tours out

A key function of the Glasgow-based companies is to tour their productions to the rest of Scotland. Over 700 performances are sent out annually by Scottish Opera, Scottish Ballet, the RSNO, the BBC SSO (Table 2.20), the National Theatre of Scotland, the Citizens‟ Theatre and the Arches (Table 2.21). This compares to 590 performances given by these companies in Glasgow. Both these figures exclude the contribution of the independent companies.

New work

Whilst the National Theatre of Scotland has added considerably to the volume of production activity in Glasgow, the independent companies are fewer than in the mid-1990s and the mainscale work undertaken by Scottish Opera, Scottish Ballet and the Citizens‟ Theatre has reduced significantly. The pattern of Glasgow-made work is constantly evolving (Table 2.26), but its volume may be no greater than a decade or so ago (Table 2.16). The work made in Glasgow currently accounts for some 27% of performances presented in the City2.

International links

The international aspect to the work of Glasgow‟s producing companies in performance is increasing again. The RSNO and the BBC SSO, Scottish Ballet and the National Theatre of Scotland are in demand overseas and international coproductions are in progress (Table 2.28). Other companies have international engagements and professional exchanges.

2 This figure excludes performances in the multi-arts centres and the smallest halls. When an estimate for the Glasgow-made work in these centres and halls is included, the overall proportion of Glasgow-made work rises to 34% of performances in the City.

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PERFORMANCE

Table 2.1 Glasgow performance infrastructurea, turnover and staff, 2008/09

Turnover Staff Orgs

£m FTE no. Production Producing theatres & drama companies 17.67 338 20 Dance companies and organisations 7.32 106 11 Music, opera, music theatre cos & orgs 29.44 445 13 Total 54.43 889 44 Presentation Theatres & halls 22.09b 402 8c b d Arenas, music venues, Clyde 11.10 194 5 Total 33.19 596 13e Total 87.62 1,485 57 Of which, nat. performing companies 31.68 466 4

Source: CSG, SAC, miscellaneous company reports and work materials, and additional data from related organisations, including ATG. a Excludes multi-arts centres (see Section 4), training (see Section 9) and independent practitioners. b Box office included net; some estimations. c Venues operated by CSG (4), Ambassador Theatre Group (2), Òran Mór (1), Pavilion (1); excludes producing theatres. d Venues operated by SECC (Clyde Auditorium, Hall 4 et al), Academy Music (2), Barrowland (1). e Excludes producing theatres (above) and multi-arts centres (section 4).

Table 2.2 Glasgow theatres and halls, performances and attendance

1989 1990 94/95 95/96 96/97 06/07 07/08 08/09 Performances (no.) Receiving theatresa 390 426 469 463 444 656 653 772 Producing theatres 597 674 955 917 665 1,189 1,014 1,221 Centres,, small halls 696 1,058 666 931 488 851 874 678 Concert hallsb 142 278 307 235 285 369 356 349 Pop venues, Arenac 79 94 125 114 100 446 446 436 Totald 1,904 2,530 2,522 2,660 1,982 3,511 3,343 3,456 Attendance (k) Receiving theatresa 433 464 572 361 426 604 640 756 Producing theatres 155 193 179 155 110 130 142 137 Centres, small halls 139 214 124 90 83 112 102 109 Concert hallsb 130 323 436 366 347 378 321 303 Pop venues, Arenac 307 363 338 393 342 1,030 1,078 1,005 Totald 1,164 1,557 1,649 1,365 1,308 2,254 2,283 2,310

Source: see Tables 2.4 to 2.11. a Excludes Pavilion; includes Clyde Auditorium. b GRCH, City Halls and Fruitmarket only. c SECC (concerts and events), 02 ABC, 02 Academy, Barrowland; excludes stadium performances at Hampden. d Excludes 1990 additional promotions (Ship, Sinatra, Bolshoi), which attracted 71k attendance for 65 performances; other 1990 initiatives (Tramway, Arches and special seasons in GRCH, Theatre Royal and Citizens) included in relevant venue rows.

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PERFORMANCE

Table 2.3 Glasgow performance venuesa, capacities

VENUE CAPACITY Producing theatres Citizens‟ Theatre 450 ; 100; 50 Tron Theatre 230 The Arches 104 ; 84; club spaces up to 1,800 Total 784 Receiving theatres Theatre Royal 1,541 King‟s Theatre 1,785 Pavilion 1,449 Clyde Auditorium 2,970 Total 7,745 Halls Royal Concert Hall 2,417 ; 500 City Halls 1,066 Fruitmarket (standing) 1,400 Total 4,883 Arenas, music venues Hall 4 10,000 ; 624; Halls 1 to 5 21,875 O2 Academy 2,500 Barrowland 1,900 O2 ABC 1,250 ; 350 Total 15,650 Centres

Tramway 600 ; 100; perf use of gallery up to 1,500

Platform 220

Centre for Contemporary Arts 150 ; 74

RSAMD Concert Hall 355 ; 150 (Guinness); 125 (Chandler)

RSAMD New Athenaeum Theatre 344 ; 150 (Opera Studio)

Mask & Puppet Centre 85

Total 1,754 Small halls

Mitchell Theatre 418

Òran Mór 400

Total 818 Education

James Arnott (Univ of Glasgow) 220

Crawfurd (Strathclyde Univ) 350 Ramshorn (Strathclyde Univ) 70

Total 640

Total (25 venues excl. 11 extra studios/halls) 32,274

Source: British Performing Arts Yearbook. a Excludes clubs.

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PERFORMANCE

Table 2.4 Glasgow theatres and halls, performances

1989 1990 91/92 94/95 95/96 96/97 06/07 07/08 08/09 Number Theatre Royal 177 178 191 156 155 189 214 210 235 King‟s Theatre 213 248 360 313 308 256 399 384 384 Pavilion ...... Clyde Auditoriuma n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 43 59 153 Total 390 426 551 469 463 444 656 653 772

Citizens 326 295 362 429 479 270 368 303 348 Tron 271 316 162 317 261 218 377 362 461 Archesb n/a 63 95 209 [177] [177] 444 349 412 Total 597 674 619 955 917 665 1,189 1,014 1,221

Tramway 101 224 140 174 545 98 131 125 52d RSAMD 183 343 222 260 264 279 [391] [391] 391e CCA [80]f [80] [80] [39] [39] 39 199 216 62 Mask & Puppet [151]f [151] [151] [50] [50] 50 [40] 40 [40] Platform n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a ...... Total 515 798 593 523 898 466 [761] [772] 545

Mitchell [181] [260] 312 143 33 22 90 102 133

RCHc n/a 120 264 237 196 187 208 194 204 City Hallc [142] 158 65 70 39 37 99 84 94 Fruitmarket n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 61 62 78 51 Total [142 278 329 307 235 285 369 356 349

Source: MG 1990 (1991), GCSF (1998), SAC, CSG, GGA, organisations; see also Table 2.6. a Mostly theatrical presentations. b Theatre, performance, live music, excludes clubbing. c Excludes small halls. d Partial closure. e 2009 figures: concerts 289, drama 45, musical theatre 42, dance 1 and other 14; excludes 10 tours- out performances. f 1985/86.

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PERFORMANCE

Table 2.5 Glasgow theatres and halls, attendance

1989 1990 91/92 94/95 95/96 96/97 06/07 07/08 08/09 Thousand Theatre Royal 198 161 188 161 129 153 150 131 161 King‟s Theatre 235 303 333 411 234 273 392 398 374 Pavilion ...... Clyde Auditoriuma n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 61b 109 253c Total 433 464 521 572 363 426 604 640 756

Citizens 123 130 117 113 106 67 68 69 64 Tron 32 44 23 47 38 35 32 34 41 Archesd n/a 19 8 19 11 8 30 39 32 Total 155 193 148 179 155 110 130 142 137

Tramway 45 70 [25] 25 29 24 31 11 14f RSAMD 38 71 46 45 30 31 [41] [41] 41g CCA ..[8] [8] [8] [4] [4] 4 6 8 2 Mask & Puppet [9]h [9] [9] [3] [3] 3 [2] 2 [2] Platform n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 9 14 17 Total 100 158 88 77 66 62 89 76 76

Mitchell 39 56 67 47 24 21 23 26 33

RCHe n/a 179 428 349 309 286 293 242 236 City Halle 130 144 [50] 52 22 26 52 48 46 Fruitmarket n/a n/a n/a [35] [35] 35 33 34 21 Total 130 323 478 436 366 347 378 321 303

Source: MG 1990 (1991), GCSF (1998), SAC, CSG, GGA, organisations; see also Table 2.6. a Mostly theatrical presentations. b Includes 18k Peter Pan. c Includes 85k Mamma Mia! and 6k Black Watch. d Theatre, performance, live music; excludes clubbing. e Excludes small halls. f Partial closure. g 2009 attendance: concerts 30,226, drama 9,053, musical theatre, dance and other events 1,684; excludes 1,535 tours-out to Tron, Traverse and Hampstead Theatre. h 1985/86.

Table 2.6 Glasgow music arenas, performances and attendance

1989 1990 91/92 94/95 95/96 96/97 06/07 07/08 08/09 Performances (no.) SECC (Hall 4) 24 28 30 31 43 40 95 95 95 O2 ABC ------[191] [191] 191 O2 Academy ------[100] [100] [100] Barrowland 55 66 94 94 71 [60] [60] [60] [60] Total 79 94 124 125 114 100 446 446a 436a Attendance (k) SECC (Hall 4) 224 261 280 188 273 242 514 562 489 O2 ABC ------203 203 [203] O2 Academy ------212 212 212 Barrowland [83] [102] 142 150 120 [100] 101 101 101 Total 307 363 422 338 393 342 1,030 1,078a 1,005a

Source: Performing Right Society; GCSF (1998), SECC, some estimations. a Excludes Hampden, which presented some 2 stadium performances in 2008 and 7 in 2009, with estimated attendance of 101k and 354k respectively.

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PERFORMANCE

Table 2.7 National companies, performances in Glasgow

1989 1990 91/92 94/95 95/96 96/97 06/07 07/08 08/09 Number Scottish Operaa 52 49 61 47 38 42 23 22 22 Scottish Balleta 29 34 43 51 44 27 24 23 28 NTSb n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a [67] 67 53 RSNO 60 57 49 54 53 47 45 42 37 SCO 18 21 17 15 19 14 23 22 23 BBC SSOc 42 37 33 25 17 25 29 17 21 Total 201 198 203 192 171 155 [211] 193 184

Source: MG 1990 (1991), GCSF (1998), GGA, organisations. a Mainscale in Theatre Royal. b Productions shown in Glasgow only. c Funded by BBC Scotland.

Table 2.8 National companies, attendance in Glasgow

1989 1990 91/92 94/95 95/96 96/97 06/07 07/08 08/09 Thousand Scottish Operaa 70 60 73 54 40 48 21 22 17 Scottish Balleta 36 37 48 55 35 28 19 21 21 NTSb n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a [31] 31 18 RSNO 63 77 80 93 79 73 56 50 48 SCO 13 17 10 12 18 9 12 12 12 BBC SSOc 10 15 16 10 7 10 11 7 10 Total 192 206 227 224 179 168 [156] 147 129

Source: MG 1990 (1991), GCSF (1998), GGA, organisations. a Mainscale in Theatre Royal. b Productions shown in Glasgow only. c Funded by BBC Scotland.

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PERFORMANCE

Table 2.9 Glasgow Concert Halls, performances, attendance and average attendance

04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 Performances (no.): Royal Concert Hall 247 235 208 194 204 City Halls n/a 22 99 84 94 Fruitmarket n/a 21 62 78 51 Small Hallsa 121 158 213 195 203 Total 368 436 582 551 552 Attendance(k): Royal Concert Hall 337 297 293 242 236 City Halls n/a 12 52 45 46 Fruitmarket n/a 11 33 34 21 Small Hallsa 23 21 24 19 20 Total 360 376 401 341 323 Avge attendance (no.): Royal Concert Hall 1,362 1,264 1,407 1,249 1,156 City Halls n/a 540 527 539 489 Fruitmarket n/a 524 526 441 402 Small Hallsa 194 135 113 98 99

Source: Glasgow Cultural Enterprises (now CSG), Glasgow Grows Audiences. a Strathclyde Suite, City Halls Recital Room, Exhibition Hall, other spaces in City Halls.

Table 2.10 Glasgow Royal Concert Hall, performances, paid attendance and average attendance, by classical and other concerts

04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 Performances (no.): Classical 99 86 91 79 81 Other 148 149 117 115 123 Paid attendance(k): Classical 134 117 115 93 90 Other 203 180 177 149 146 Avge attendance (no.): Classical 1,349 1,378 1,265 1,178 1,108 Other 1,372 1,207 1,512 1,297 1,188

Source: Glasgow Cultural Enterprises (now CSG), Glasgow Grows Audiences.

Table 2.11 Glasgow orchestras, own promotions, performances, attendance and average attendance in Glasgow

04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 Number Performances: RSNOa 39 43 45 42 37 BBC SSO 3 15 29 17 21 SCOb 16 14 23 22 23 Total 58 72 97 78 83 Attendance: RSNOa 53,514 57,103 56,212 49,729 47,925 BBC SSO 2,517 5,583 11,397 7,106 9,520 SCO 7,910 8,426 12,462 12,070 12,127 Total 63,941 65,112 80,071 69,678 69,572 Average attendance: RSNOa 1,372 1,188 1,249 1,184 1,295c BBC SSO 839 372 393 418 453 SCO 497 602 542 549 527

Source: Glasgow Cultural Enterprises (now CSG), Glasgow Grows Audiences. a Attendance includes zero-price tickets; includes RSNO season, summer concerts and audience-development concerts (Naked Classic and Classic Bites); excludes concerts at Kelvingrove in 2007/08 (2) and 2008/09 (3). b Edinburgh-based; Glasgow series. c Attendance for 30 concerts in 2009/10 averaged 1,432.

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PERFORMANCE

Table 2.12 Royal Scottish National Orchestra, Glasgow concert season, average attendance of young people through audience-development schemes

07/08 08/09 [09/10]a

Number Average per concert Under 16s 47 48 69 Under 26s 47 40 52 Total 94 88 121 All attenders 1,167 1,285 1,412 Concerts 40 34 19

Source: Royal Scottish National Orchestra. a First five months of season only.

Table 2.13 Celtic Connections festival, performance and attendance numbers

04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09

Number Performances 207 253 232 234 222 Attendance 72,866 76,352 93,432 68,996 69,780 Average attendance 352 302 403 295 314

Source: Glasgow Cultural Enterprises (now CSG).

Table 2.14 Glasgow concerts, by venues, 2008/09

Concerts Attend Date (no.) (k) a b b Glasgow Concert Halls 552 323 2008/09 RSAMD 289 30 2009 SECC Hall 4 95 489 2008/09 O2 ABC 191 [203] [2003] 2008/09 O2 Academy and Barrowlands [160] [314] 2008/09 Multi-arts centres, theatres, small hallsc 68 [16] 2004/05 Universitiesd 65 [6] 2004/05 Churchese 26 [4] Music clubsf 22 [3] 2009/10 King Tut‟s Wah Wah Hut 322 [86] 2008/09 Totalg 1,790 1,474

Source: GGA; CSG; SECC; Performing Right Society; Scottish Music Information Centre 2004/05 database; Enterprise Music Scotland. a Royal Concert Hall, City Halls and Fruitmarket; also includes 203 events in the small halls (Strathclyde Suite, Exhibition Hall, City Halls Recital Room, and other spaces in City Halls) drawing some 20k attendance. b RSNO, BBC SSO and SCO promoted 86 concerts attracting 70k attendance; three concerts were given in Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum by the RSNO to an audience of 2k. c CCA, Tramway, Arches, Tron, Òran Mór, Henry Wood Hall, St Andrew‟s. d Mainly University of Glasgow Music Department and Ramshorn at Strathclyde University. e In 14 different churches. f Westbourne, Pollok House and University of Glasgow; excludes Helensburgh, Milngavie, Motherwell and Kilmardinny in Outer Glasgow. g Excludes performances in clubs, cafes and bars.

Note: the SMIC database also recorded for 2004/05 43 events taking place in historic settings (eg Barony Hall, Glasgow Museum of Modern Art, Merchant House), other centres (eg Alliance Française, Annexe) and buildings subsequently closed or no longer used for public concerts (eg BBC Concert Hall, BBC Studio 1, Cottier, Athenaeum, Adelaide‟s and Henry Wood Hall).

21

PERFORMANCE

Table 2.15 Glasgow popular music inventory, 2008

Licensed venues 78 Includes squares, parks, churches licensed thro‟ promoter Businesses licensed to play music Hotels 29 Pubs 167 Restaurants 23 Clubs 20 Music stores 27 Bands Rock and Pop 123 Jazz 21 Traditional and folk 44 Dance 7 Crossover, small 31 Commercial radio stations 11 Includes Clyde 1 and Clyde 2 Recording studios 20+ Includes CAVA and Park Lane Studios Artists‟ managements 20 Attendance, music events (k)a Celtic Connections 92 Glasgow International Jazz 25 Piping Live 25 World Pipe Band Championship 40 Musiciansb Employed 272 Self-employed 464 Total 736 Musicians Union membersb 882 Incl. semi-professional, 2nd career & amateur performers

Source: Performing Right Society, Glasgow City of Music Application Dossier (2008), 2001 (10% sample) Census, Musicians Union. a Includes estimates of unticketed admissions. b Greater Glasgow.

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PERFORMANCE

Table 2.16 Glasgow-based opera, ballet and drama companies, new productionsa

96/97b 08/09b £m Scottish Operac 6 3 Scottish Balletc 3 1

Producing theatres 12 14d National Theatre Scotland n/a 12e Independent companies 35 [21] Total 56 51

Source: GCSF (1998); 2008/09 information from organisations; some estimations for independent companies. a Excludes revivals, of which in 2008/09 Scottish Opera produced 2, Scottish Ballet 1 and National Theatre 1. b Season. c Mainscale and full-length only; FY. d Citizens four, Tron six (previously averaged three), Arches four. e Of which, seven performed in Glasgow.

Table 2.17 National Theatre Scotland, new productionsa by partner/associated institutions

06/07 07/08 08/09 Number National Theatre Scotland 7 2 - With Glasgow-based companyb 4c 4d 2e With company based elsewhere 2 2 11 Total 13 8 13

Source: National Theatre of Scotland. a Excluding Home, Exchange, Transform and Learn programmes, Young Company and workshop projects. b Includes two three-way co-productions with Citizens and Lyceum. c Citizens, Tramway, Vanishing Point, Tron. d NVA, Suspect Culture, Citizens (2). e Mischief La-Bas, Vanishing Point.

Table 2.18 Glasgow-based companies/artists with National Theatre of Scotland supported projects, 2008/09

Company/artist Project Note

Vanishing Point Little Otik Co-production in ass‟n with Citizens Theatre Tramway Peeping at Bosch Partnership

Cora Bissett Roadkill Performer/director Tam Dean Burn The Fanatic Performer Neil Doherty Cria Director Glas(s) Performance Life Long Lynda Radley Dorm Writer/performer Phil Spencer Great Apeth Writer/director/performer

Source: National Theatre of Scotland.

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PERFORMANCE

Table 2.19 National Theatre Scotland, Glasgow work/presence

2007/08 2008/09 Number Productions 7a 7b Performances 67 53 Attendance 31,293 17,792 Attendance by venue: Theatre Royal 6,204 1,973 Citizens 4,230 4,771 SECC 267 6,305 Platform 82 168 King‟s Theatre 15,790 - Tramway - 4,575 Fruitmarket 4,720 - Performances by venue: Theatre Royal 7 5 Citizens 28 20 SECC 6 9 Platform 1 1 King‟s Theatre 12 - Tramway - 18 Fruitmarket 13 - Productions by venue: Theatre Royal 1 1 Citizens 3 2 SECC 1 1 Platform 1 1 King‟s Theatre 1 - Tramway - 3 Fruitmarket 1 - Net cost (£k) 318 388

Source: National Theatre of Scotland. a Black Watch, Futurology, Tutti Frutti, Venus as a Boy, The Bacchae, Molly Sweeney, Six Characters in Search of an Author. b Black Watch, The Emperor‟s New Kilt, Little Otik, Peeping at Bosch, Something Wicked This Way Comes, Be Near Me, Dolls.

24

PERFORMANCE

Table 2.20 Scottish Ballet, Scottish Opera, Royal Scottish National Orchestra and BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra, home-based performances, and tours-out in Scotland and elsewhere, 2008/09

Else- Glasgow Rest of Scot where

Attend Attend Perf Perf Perf (k) (k) Scottish Ballet 28a 20.5 44 29.3 14 Scottish Operab 22c 16.9 28 18.3 2 RSNO 40 48.7 34 [42.1] 8d BBC SSO 33 9.5 16 .. 14e

Source: organisations. a Mainscale only: 3 productions. b Performances at other scales (Opera Go Round, Five:15, Operalites, symphony concerts totalled 121, of which 29 in Glasgow. c Mainscale only: 5 productions; excludes Opera Unwrapped performances on main stage, of which five in Glasgow and ten in rest of Scotland. d Of which, six in Spain. e Of which eight in China.

Table 2.21 Glasgow producing theatres and National Theatre of Scotland, home-based productions, visiting companies and tours out, 2008/09

Home Visiting Tours prods cos. out No. Perfs Attd(k) No. Perfs Attd(k) Pds Perfs Attd(k) Citizens 7a 226 44.5 20 122 19.6 4 123 7.5 Arches 5b 61 5.5 62 277 8.8 3 22 1.4 Tron 6 124 17.7 23 197 14.6 - - - NTS 7c 53 17.8 n/a n/a n/a 13 443 132.5

Source: organisations. a Excluding four community productions. b A further production was toured only. c Productions played in Glasgow.

Table 2.22 Visiting companies at Glasgow producing theatres, by geographic origin

07/08 08/09

Number Citizens Glasgowa 9 10 Rest of Scotland 8 2 Rest of UK/O/s 7 8 Total 24 20

Tron Glasgow 12 15 Rest of Scotland 4 4 Rest of UK/O/s 6 4 Total 22 23

Source: Citizens‟ Theatre and the Tron. a Of which, NTS two in each year.

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PERFORMANCE

Table 2.23 Scottish Opera, performances and attendance, by location

05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 Number Glasgow Mainscale: Performances 6 23 22 22 22 Attendance 5,409 22,605 21,843 16,913 20,288 Opera Unwrapped Performances n/a 4 4 5 5 Attendance n/a .. .. 2,592 2,435 Other Performances 8 12 20 29 20 Attendance ...... 22,035 9,100 Rest of Scotland Mainscale: Performances 5 15 23 28 25 Attendances ...... 18,276 19,804 Opera Unwrapped Performances n/a 4 7 9 8 Attendance n/a .. .. 2,753 2,375 Other Performances 54 47 64 75 49 Attendance ...... 21,024 11,201 Rest of UK Mainscale: Performances - - 4 2 - Attendance - - .. 2,034 - Other performances - - 1 3 -

Source: Scottish Opera.

26

PERFORMANCE

Table 2.24 Scottish Ballet, performances and attendance, by location

05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 Number Glasgow Mainscale: Performances 23 24 23 28 25 Attendance 21,916 19,042 21,363 20,516 23,192 Other scale: Performances 1 3 2 .. - Attendance 400 1,138 600 .. - Rest of Scotland Mainscale: Performances 36 28 33 44 44 Attendances 37,297 25,557 34,232 29,290 .. Rest of UK Performances 16 13 6 14 9 Attendance 11,466 11,675 5,473 11,210 .. Rest of world Performances - - - - 5a Attendance - - - - 5,050 Mainscale totals Performances 75 65 62 86 83 Attend totals 70,679 56,274 61,068 61,016 .. Other scale Performances 1 16 2 13 - Attendance 400 4,172 600 2,932 - Productions Full length 2 2 1 2 2 Mixed 1 1 2 1 1 EIF 1 1 1 - 1

Source: Scottish Ballet. a Nanjing, Beijing, Shanghai.

27

PERFORMANCE

Table 2.25 Arches, performances and attendance, by type, clubbing and education

05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 Performances (no.) Theatre/perf .. 371 282 360 470 Live music 98 73 67 52 Sub-total .. 444 349 412 Attendance (no.) Theatre/perf 12,958 14,873 18,905 15,641 13,656 Live music 22,809 14,998 20,970 16,094 Sub-total 35,767 29,871 39,875 31,731 Average attendance (no.) Theatre/perf .. 40 67 43 29 Live music 233 205 313 310 All .. 67 114 777 Clubbing Events (no.) 109 136 145 117 Attendance (k) 86 111 135 110 Education (no.) Events 92 119 37 77 43 Participations 3,485 2,771 3,196 6,142 2,776

Source: Arches.

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PERFORMANCE

Table 2.26 Glasgow companies, productions, 2008/09

SCOTTISH BALLET Mainscale Romeo & Juliet (Krzysztof Pastor, new commission) Autumn mixed bill (including Ashley Page new work) Other Small-scale mixed bill (including Diana Loosmore, Gregory Dean, new works) Commissions 2007/08 and 2009/10 Stephen Petronio Richard Alston Ian Spink SCOTTISH OPERA Mainscale A Night at the Chinese Opera Falstaff Two Widows (EIF co-prod) La Traviata (WNO and Lyceu co-prod) Secret Marriage Other Merry Widow (tour) Five:15 NATIONAL THEATRE OF SCOTLAND The Emperor‟s New Kilt (co-prod Wee Stories) Little Otik (co-prod Vanishing Point) The Bacchae Peeping at Bosch (co-prod Mischief-La-Bas) Architecting (co-prod The Team) 365 (co-prod EIF) One Giant Leap (co-prod Wee Stories) Something Wicked This Way Comes (co-prod Catherine Fields) Cockroach Nasty, Brutish and Short; the Dogstone Nobody Will Ever Forgive Us (co-prod with Traverse) Be Near Me (co-prod Donmar Warehouse) Dolls (co-prod Hush) CITIZENS THEATRE Mainscale Don Juan The Caretaker Wizard of Oz Educating Rita Other Liar (new commission, TAG tour co-prod Sounds of Progress) Sound of My Voice Sub Rosa (promenade, co-prod Fire Exit) Yellow Moon (TAG tour, Scotland, Wales, Frankfurt, The Hague, New York) Outspoken Commissions 2007/08 Mary Stuart (new version) Yellow Moon No V in Gaelic TRON THEATRE The Drawer Boy (M Healey, Scottish premiere) Six Acts of Love (J Anderson, premiere) Suddenly Last Summer Like The Rain Mother Bruce Defender of the Faith (S Carolan, UK premiere) Other Slick (J Harrison & C Edmonds, co-prod Vox Motus, premiere) Year of the Horse (T D Burn, co-prod Burnt Goods, premiere) The Wasp Factory (in association with Cumbernauld)

29

PERFORMANCE

ARCHES Mainscale The Snow Queen (Christmas) Scratch Amada (tour) Finished with Engines (Edinburgh Fringe) New Directors Awards The Severed Head of Comrade Bukhari (award) Sixteen (award)

Source: organisations.

Table 2.27 BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra, commissioned composers, 2008/09a

Jonathan Harvey Anna Meredith Nigel Osborne Jun Lee Angela Morley Dave Heath

Source: BBCSSO. a Peter Maxwell Davies; Leif Segerstam, Ronald Stevenson, Detlev Glanert, Rolf Hind in 2007/08.

Table 2.28 Glasgow performance organisations, some overseas engagements, 2008/09

National Theatre Scotland Ireland, Canada, US, Australia, New Zealand Scottish Ballet China (09/10) Royal Scottish National Orchestra France, Netherlands, Germany (09/10) BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra Holland Citizens Orebro, New York Stammer Potsdam, Essen, Antwerp Theatre Cryptic Netherlands Vanishing Point Naples, Kosovo

Source: CSG, SAC, organisations.

30

PERFORMANCE

Table 2.29 Glasgow performancesa, by genre

06/07 08/09 Change Number Drama 559 566 +7 Popular musicb 560 466 -104 Kids‟ events 206 320 +114 Musicals 303 188 -114 Classical music 193 186 -7 Dance 112 92 -20 Opera 66 65 +1 Other theatre (panto) 622 705 +87

Source: Glasgow Grows Audiences. a Theatre Royal, King‟s Theatre, Citizens, Tron, Arches, Platform, Glasgow Concert Halls, Tramway; excludes SECC venues and Barrowland; includes some workshops and miscellaneous events. b Folk, jazz, rock/pop, world.

31

VISUAL ARTS

3. VISUAL ARTS

Infrastructure

Glasgow has become perhaps the liveliest centre of the visual arts in Britain outside London. The visual arts infrastructure includes well established centres for contemporary practice (such as the Glasgow Print Studio, Transmission, Street Level, the Glasgow Sculpture Studio) and huge, much expanded, provision of artist studios. WASPS has been the main agent in studio development and it is now joined by other providers (Table 3.1). Several of the contemporary-practice studios were grouped together in 2009 to form 103 Trongate as a creative hub and visitor facility. It houses nine organisations, with gallery and studio space covering contemporary practice in painting, printmaking, photography, digital and media, film, ceramics and sculpture. This sits in the Merchant City, where much property has been redeveloped to meet the needs of artists for studios and galleries.

Artists

The 2001 Census counted 243 individuals occupied as artists living in the City and a further 169 in Outer Glasgow, 412 in total. Some 70% are self-employed. It is most likely that the total is now significantly larger. Evidence for this can be found in the growth over the decade of artists‟ groups and collectives. Key current names include Finn Collective, Lowsalt, Market Gallery and Washington Garcia.

Glasgow School of Art

The role of the Glasgow School of Art, as one of Europe‟s leading art schools, is central to the development of the visual arts in the City (see Section 9). Some 20% of students come from overseas and its international professional links extend to other continents (Table 9.14). Its graduates continue to win prizes and accolades and reinforce the City‟s role as an international magnet for artists. Between 2005 and 2009, 30% of nominees for the prestigious Turner Prize, and two winners, have been graduates of GSA.

Attendance

Visits by the public to the contemporary practice centres totalled 62k in 2008/09, with little change over the years. These figures do not cover either the new studios or the newly established artist groups, for which visit numbers are not available. The galleries in Tramway, the Centre for Contemporary Art, Glasgow School of Art and Collins Gallery also mount exhibitions of contemporary work. Admissions to these programmes totalled 65k in 2008/09. The equivalent figure in 1989 was 153k (Table 3.2). One explanation for the fall is the much reduced role of CCA (previously the Third Eye). Also, the Gallery of Modern Art opened in 1996/97, and has become very active in mounting contemporary shows alongside changing displays of its 20th-century collection (Table 5.4). It was immediately successful with the public, attracting 656k visits in the first year. Admissions totalled 571k in 2008, up by 3% on 2006, and by 39% on 1997/98. Another new feature is Glasgow International Festival of Visual Art, a prominent, biennial contemporary-art event, which built attendance to 89k in 2008. Without the GoMA visits (and excluding the new artist groups/studios), contemporary art attendance grew from 210k in 1989 to 231k in 2007/08. Adding to this figure the GoMA visits, attendance grew from 210k in 1989 to 802k in 2007/08.

Commercial and international developments

In addition to the artist galleries and studios, Glasgow has some fifteen commercial galleries, including several which deal in contemporary work. No estimates exist for the value of art sales in the City. Vibrant new commercial galleries opening in Glasgow in the last ten years include The Modern Institute, Sorcha Dallas and Mary Mary. These and other galleries give Glasgow artists direct access to global markets. As an indication of Glasgow‟s developing role as an international hub, over half the artists represented by The Modern Institute are from outwith the City, principally the Continent and the USA (Table 3.3). Similarly, an increasing number of international artists have moved to the City to join its creative community.

32

VISUAL ARTS

Table 3.1 Visual arts infrastructure, turnover and staff, 2008/09

Turnover Staff Orgs

£m FTE no. Contemporary practice 1.82 22 5 Studios 1.08 [15] 3 Groups, galleries 1.10 23 11 Meeting special needs 0.83 14 3 Events 0.88 4 2 Total 5.72 78 24

Source: CSG, SAC, organisations.

Table 3.2 Glasgow visual arts institutions, attendance

1989 1990 96/97 06/07 07/08 08/09 Thousand Glasgow Print Studio [13] 18 31 17 [14] 14a Street Level √ √ 14 2 2 2a Glasgow Sculpture Studio √ √ .. 5 5 [5] Transmission √ √ 16 49 51 [51]a Sub-total studios/practice 54 68 66 73 72 [62] Tramway 2 55 10 11 11 14 CCA [92] 104 60 21 18 [18] Glasgow School of Art [27] [27] 27 [16] 16 20 Collins Gallery 32 51 58 48 16 13 Sub-total galleries 153 137 155 96 61 65 Project Ability [3] [3] [3] 25 25 [2]a Glasgow International n/a n/a n/a 54 - 89 Glasgow Art Fair n/a n/a [16] [16] 16 13 Sub-total events/needs [3] [3] [19] [95] 41 104 Grand totalb 210 308 240 264 174 231

Source: GCSF (1998), SAC, CSG, organisations. a Rebased in Trongate 103 in 2009, together with Glasgow Independent Studios, Sharmanka Kinetic Theatre, Glasgow Media Access and Russian Cultural Centre. b Numbers available for regular centres only; excludes NVA installations (attracting 120k in 2006/07, 17k in 2007/08, and 40k in 2008/09); also excludes studios and exhibiting artist groups (such as SWG3, Southside Studios, Lowsalt, Washington Garcia) which have expanded considerably in recent years.

Table 3.3 Glasgow visual artists’ representation, by domicile

Modern Sorcha Institute Dallas Number of artists Glasgow 18 10 Rest of UK 5 1 Rest of EU 10 1 USA 7 - Total 40 13

Source: MI and SD websites.

33

VISUAL ARTS

Table 3.4 Glasgow institutions and galleries engaged in Glasgow International Festival of Visual Art, 2010

INSTITUTIONS Glasgow Print Studios Glasgow Sculpture Studios Street Level Transmission Gallery of Modern Art Hunterian Art Gallery Kelvingrove Museum and Art Gallery Centre for Contemporary Art Tramway Glasgow School of Art The Mitchell Library The Arches BBC Scotland House for an Art Lover

GALLERIES AND COLLECTIVES Finn Collective at Glue Factory Lowsalt Mary Mary Market Gallery Social Landscape Sorcha Dallas Gallery The Common Guild The Modern Institute Washington Garcia Intermedia Ten til Ten Fred Pedersen and Anne Marie Copestick David Harding and Ross Birrell Raydale Dower: Le Drapeau Noir 3 Blows: Urlibido Sympozeum: Sarah Tripp, Ruth Barker, Kathryn Elkin and Martine Myrup SWG3 The Whitehouse Southside Studios The Duchy WASPS

CITY-WIDE PROJECTS NVA: City-wide Susan Philipsz City Centre Bridges GI Hub: 68 Miller Street – David Maljkovic and Gerard Byrne Modern Terra The Tall Ship Streetland Modblocks

Source: Glasgow International.

34

VISUAL ARTS

Table 3.5 Glasgow commercial galleries

ARTeries Art Experience Compass Gallery Cyril Gerber Fine Art Ewan Mundy Glasgow Gallery John Green Mansfield Park Mary Mary Roger Billcliffe Royal Glasgow Institution Kelly Gallery Russian Cafe-Gallery Cossack Ok Smithy Gallery Sorcha Dallas The Modern Institute

Source: Glasgow Galleries Guide April – June 2010 (CSG).

35

MULTI-ARTS, LITERATURE AND AUDIO-VISUAL

4. MULTI-ARTS, LITERATURE AND AUDIO-VISUAL

Multi-occupancy centres

Glasgow has several multi-occupancy and multi-art-form centres for the arts (Table 4.2). Some pull together a range of organisations offering varied specialisms within one field. Others in one place provide for developing activities in more than one art form. The multi-occupancy centres include Trongate 103 (for the visual arts), Film City, Garret‟s Mask and Puppet Theatre (which includes mime and some physical theatre) and City Halls (for music promotion and education), which houses the BBC SSO, SMIC, the GES music service and provides the Glasgow base for the SCO.

Multi-art form centres

The multi-art form entities are headed by the legendary Tramway (a centre for international work in the visual arts and performance, with versatile spaces and a growing focus on dance) and the CCA (a cross-discipline platform for digital/performance art and experimental cinema, and a base for organisations and small businesses in the arts). Scotland‟s conservatoire, the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama is another multi-art-form institution, which provides many public performances in music, drama, opera, music theatre and modern ballet. The Bridge is a community arts centre in a new building, which also houses a pool, library and college, with strong links to the local voluntary sector in Easterhouse.

Literature promotion and support

Literature has no general organisation serving the art form in the City, though in certain respects the Glasgow Library Service fulfils this function. Its new Aye Write! festival focuses on writers and reading. Specialist literary organisations in the City include the Playwrights‟ Studio, a test-bed for new stage writing, and two promotional bodies, The Gaelic Books Council and the Association of Scottish Literary Studies (Table 4.1). SAC (now Creative Scotland) is a valuable source of small grants to new writing in the City. In 2008/09, grants were given to playwrights (11) and other individual authors (4), as well as promotional bodies (Mirrorball, ConFAB, Lapidus, Variant and two storytelling units), publishers (4) and exchange arrangements (2).

Screen and media access

Glasgow has three organisations devoted to advancing the understanding of film and screen culture. The Glasgow Film Theatre (GFT) is long established and its admissions are expanding. They totalled 160k in 2009, up from 125k in 2005/06 (Table 4.4). The success of the GFT‟s Glasgow Film Festival makes a significant contribution to this. The Glasgow Media Access Centre and Camcorder Guerrillas provide professional services and social access to media facilities and technical advice.

Cinema attendance

Total cinema attendance in Glasgow (overwhelmingly at the commercial screens) is an estimate (Table 4.3). The calculations suggest 3.6 million admissions to the screens in the City and a further 2.9 million in Outer Glasgow, with 7% growth between 2006 and 2009 (Table 4.4). The divisions between commercial and art cinema are less sharp than once believed. Scottish Screen (now within Creative Scotland) has persuaded commercial cinemas to show “art” films.

Screen and digital industries

The screen and digital industries are a major feature of the Glasgow economy. Some 57% of Scotland‟s screen-production infrastructure is based in Glasgow, comprising around 200 businesses, including 47% of Scotland‟s production companies and 60% of its facilities (Table 4.5). Scotland‟s principal broadcasters, BBC Scotland and the STV Group, are both based in the City (Table 4.9). They make upwards of 960 television production hours a year (Table 4.10). According to the Glasgow Film Office, the direct spend on film and TV drama production in the City rose from £7.7 million in 2003 to £17.8 million in 2008 (Table 4.7). The total high impact screen production was valued at £33.6 million in 2008, of which 52% was generated by Glasgow-based companies (Table 4.6). The activity covered features, TV comedy/drama and documentary (Table 4.8). 2010 is said by industry voicesto have been the best year for independent features for some time. The new Film City is a successful addition to the screen facilities in the City. It continues to be fully let and the production offices are heavily used. Work is attracted out of London to its Dolby Gold Standard kit, a unique facility in Western Europe. The prize- winning Sigma continues to lead the independent TV-producing cluster in the City.

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MULTI-ARTS, LITERATURE AND AUDIO-VISUAL

Cultural Enterprise Office

The Cultural Enterprise Office works in the creative economy at the interface between artistic commitment and small-business formation (Table 4.11). As a national body, based in Glasgow, some 41% of its work is in Glasgow and west central Scotland, 36% in Edinburgh and east central, and 23% in the rest of Scotland. The main demands for CEO services, which are expanding, come from the visual arts, design and audio-visual are key domains, together with performance and heritage (Table 4.12).

Support organisations

Glasgow is home to a number of organisations which provide support to various parts of the cultural sector. They include bodies with specific art-form interests, such as the Scottish Music Information Centre and three in literature. The creative industries are served by the Cultural Enterprise Office, the Glasgow office of Creative Scotland and by the Glasgow Film Office. Other bodies with a Glasgow focus include the arts development and events units of Glasgow Life and Glasgow Grows Audiences. Two international cultural agencies, Alliance Française and the Goethe Institute, are also based in the City (Table 4.13).

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MULTI-ARTS, LITERATURE AND AUDIO-VISUAL

Table 4.1 Glasgow multi-art-form centres and other domains, turnover and staff, 2008/09

Turnover Staff Orgs

£m FTE no. Multi-art forma 2.96 57 4 Lit.b & audio-vis.c 2.50 [50] 7 Total 5.43 107 11

Source: CSG, SAC. a Tramway, Centre for Contemporary Art, Platform and Mask & Puppet Centre. b Gaelic Book Council, Association of Scottish Literary Studies, Playwrights‟ Studio, Aye Write; excludes 16 small grants given to other organisations and 11 grants given to playwrights.. c Glasgow Film Theatre, Glasgow Media Access and Guerrilla Camcorder; see Tables 4.9 and 4.10 for BBC Scotland and STV group; excludes commercial cinema.

Table 4.2 Glasgow multi-art form and other centres

Activity Centre Function tables Tramway Legendary centre for international work in visual arts & performance; versatile spaces; Scottish Ballet HQ, studios 2.4, 2.5, 3.2 and production workshops; base for independent dance Platform for cross-discipline digital/performance art & Centre for experimental cinema; base for numerous organisations and 2.4, 2.5, 3.2 Contemporary Art small businesses in the arts, which contribute to the programme Community arts centre; professional programming and Platforma participatory work in dance, music, drama & visual arts; .. resident dance company; strong links to local voluntary sector Scotland‟s conservatoire; advanced training for entry into Royal Scottish Academy music, drama, theatre tech, opera, music theatre & modern 2.4, 2.5 of Music & Drama ballet; many public performances in own halls/theatres and on tour Mask, puppetry, mime and physical theatre centre; Garret Mask & Puppet presents (in own theatre) home-produced & visiting shows; 2.4, 2.5 workshops, school visits, in-service teacher training, exhibitions Creative hub & visitor facility for contemporary practice in Trongate 103 painting, printmaking, photography, digital media, film, 3.2 ceramics & sculpture; houses 9 organisations, with gallery & studio spaces a Within the Bridge, a new building, which also houses FE college, library and pool.

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MULTI-ARTS, LITERATURE AND AUDIO-VISUAL

Table 4.3 Glasgow City and Outer Glasgow, cinemas, screen numbers and seat, 2009

Screens Seats Glasgow City: Cineworld, Renfrew Street 18 4,232 Showcase Cinemas, Glasgow East 14 3,580 Odeon, Springfield Quay 12 2,603 Odeon, Renfield Street 9 2,008 Cineworld, Parkhead 7 1,913 Glasgow Film Theatre, Rose Street 2 548 Grosvenor Cinema, Ashton Lane 2 208 Imax Theatre, Glasgow Science Centre 1 370 65 15,462 Outer Glasgow: Braehead, Odeon 12 2,436 Clydebank, Empire 10 2,554 East Kilbride, Odeon 9 2,008 Hamilton, Vue Cinemas 9 1,515 Paisley, Showcase Cinemas 14 3,656 54 12,169 Total 119 26,911

Source: websites.

Table 4.4 Glasgow cinemas, attendance

2006 2007 2008 2009

Thousand Glasgow City commercial 3,185 3,290 3,291 3,399 Glasgow Film Theatre (FY) 125 137 162 160 Glasgow City total 3,310 3,427 3,453 3,559 Outer Glasgow commercial 2,730 2,821 2,821 2,913 Total 6,040 6,248 6,274 6,472

Source: CSG (GFT); Creative Scotland; UKFC; EDI/CAA (attendance estimated from central Scotland screen averages and UK attendance totals).

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MULTI-ARTS, LITERATURE AND AUDIO-VISUAL

Table 4.5 Scotland’s screen production infrastructure, by location, 2009

Rest of GLA GLA Total Scotland % Production companies 30 34 64 47 Workshops 4 6 10 40 Facilities 165 112 277 60 Total 199 152 351 57

Source: Film Bang.

Table 4.6 Glasgow high-impact screen production activity, shooting days and budgets, by Glasgow indigenous and incoming companies, 2008

Shooting Local Budget in GLA spend (£k) (days) (£k) Indigenous companies 298 17,486 11,396 Incomers 133 9,531 4,722 Outwith Glasgowa 4 6,548 1,194 Total 435 33,585 17,312

Source: Glasgow Film Office. a With location/post-production spend in Glasgow.

Table 4.7 Glasgow film and television drama production

Direct % Screen local Con Year office Notable productions spend ver enqs. (£k) sions 2003 7.90 215 40 Dear Frankie, Unleashed, Sea of Souls, Ae Fond Kiss 2004 18.17 201 56 The Jacket, On a Clear Day, Festival, Meet the McGoons, Missing 2005 13.66 230 42 Red Road, The Flying Scotsman, Nina‟s Heavenly Delights 2006 12.37 238 55 Hallam Foe, Rebus, Senseless 2007 11.19 283 67 .. 2008 17.76 266 68 Rounding Up Donkeys, Valhalla Rising, Wasted

Source: Glasgow Film Office.

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MULTI-ARTS, LITERATURE AND AUDIO-VISUAL

Table 4.8 Glasgow high-impacta screen production activity, by company, production and format, 2008

COMPANY PRODUCTION FORMAT

Glasgow based BBC Scotland Fiona‟s Story TV drama No Holes Bard TV comedy Old Guys TV comedy (x6) STV Taggart TV drama (x10) Comedy Unit Burnistoun TV comedy Gary‟s War TV comedy Only an Excuse TV comedy Incredible Will and Greg Show TV comedy Rab C Nesbit TV comedy Limmy Show TV comedy pilot Sigma Films I Love Luci Short Rounding Up Donkeys Feature Tern Television KNTV Learning (x10) Shared Moment Productions Next Time Ned Feature Broken Spectre Road Safety commercial Stacked TV drama pilot Effingee Productions Dear Green Place TV comedy (x6) Lansdowne Productions New Ten Commandments Documentary feature La Belle Alley/Nimbus Films Valhalla Rising Feature Raindog Wasted Feature

From elsewhere Machine Productions Zig Zag Love TV drama BBC 39 Steps TV drama 2 AM Films PAs TV drama (x3) Catherine Bailey Productions Life of Reilly TV comedy (x6) Brown Eyed Boy How Not to Live Your Life TV comedy (x6) Hat Trick God on Trial TV drama

Source: Glasgow Film Office. a Five days or more shooting.

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MULTI-ARTS, LITERATURE AND AUDIO-VISUAL

Table 4.9 Principal broadcasters in Glasgow, turnover and staff

06/07 07/08 TURNOVER (£m) BBC Scotland Scotland 77.8 73.4 Network 42.8 55.5 Total 120.6 128.9 STV Groupa 120.0 102.0 Total 240.6 240.9 STAFF (no.) BBC (GLA only) .. 1,320 STVa 728 595 Total .. 1,915b

Source: BBC Scotland executive reports; STV Group accounts. a Calendar year: STV Group data include Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Dundee, Inverness and Pearl & Dean. b Annual business enquiry data show total employees in all VAT registered TV/radio business units in Glasgow City at 3,360 (2005); the 2001 (10% sample) Census reported 203 self-employed broadcasting professionals resident in Greater Glasgow.

Table 4.10 Production hours by principal broadcasters in Glasgow

2007 2008 BBC Scotland In-house 710 723 Independent 120 112 Total 869 857 STV Groupa 120 112 Total 989 969

Source: BBC Scotland executive reports; BTV Group accounts. a Calendar year: STV Group data include Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Dundee, Inverness and Pearl & Dean.

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MULTI-ARTS, LITERATURE AND AUDIO-VISUAL

Table 4.11 Cultural Enterprise Office, output data

Yearly average 08/09 04-08a Clients 1,326 2,721 Information requests 2,344 4,153 Event attendance 763 1,157 Advice level 1 413 587 Advice level 2 151 313 New businesses established .. 33

Source: Cultural Enterprise Office. a During Four Cities (Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh, Glasgow) phase.

Table 4.12 Cultural Enterprise Office, service use, 2008/09

% By geography Glasgow/west central 41 Edinburgh/east central 36 Rest of Scotland 23 100 By domain Visual arts/design 26 Audio-visual 23 Performance 19 Heritage 16 Books/publishing 5 Other/general 11 100

Source: Cultural Enterprise Office. a During Four Cities (Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh, Glasgow) phase.

Table 4.13 Glasgow-based cultural support organisations, 2008/09

Turn Staff Orgs over a FTE no. £m Creativesa [2.60] [52] 4 Art formsb 5.60 103 10 Arts supportc [2.57d] [59] 5 Total [10.77] [214] 19

Source: CSG, SAC, Charity Commission, websites, companies. a Cultural Enterprise Office, Glasgow Film Office, Creative Scotland (screen/digital office). b Dance House, Scottish Music Information Centre, Scottish Piping Centre, Association of Scottish Literary Studies, Gaelic Books Council, Playwrights Scotland, Glasgow Building Preservation Trust, Glasgow City Heritage Trust, Civic Trust of Scotland, Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society. c CSG (Arts Development and Events Unit only), Glasgow Grows Audiences, Goethe Institute, Alliance Française. d Excluding CSG overhead charges.

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MUSEUMS

5. MUSEUMS

Sites

Glasgow has some 17 registered museums open to the public. Ten are the property of the City. The remainder are independent museums, including the important Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, owned by the University of Glasgow. Their turnover was rather over £17 million in 2008/09, with a workforce of 391 FTE, including those in support services (Table 5.1). The quality and range of Glasgow‟s collections and the architectural importance of some of the museum buildings make them an exceptional resource. Additionally, there are 22 registered museums in Outer Glasgow (Table 5.2).

Collections

The City collections complement and match in quality those of the Scottish National Gallery and the Scottish National Museum in Edinburgh. Kelvingrove has European art from the 16th century onwards, with Italian, Dutch and important 19th-century French holdings, as well as Scottish painting and Glasgow decorative art from the Mackintosh period. The huge Burrell Collection holds classical antiquities, oriental art, medieval art with important tapestries and stained glass, European painting, again with notable 19th-century French holdings, not least outstanding Degas and other Impressionists. The Transport Museum‟s Clyde ship models and Scottish cars are international highlights within an exceptional collection. The local history, archaeology, natural history and textile collections are further major aspects of the City‟s collections.

Attendance

The museums of Glasgow attract an impressive total attendance, some 3.52 million in 2009, of which the City museums account for 93% and the independents 7% (Table 5.3). This is the largest number of visits to registered museums in any UK city outside London (Table 13.13). Among the City‟s sites, Kelvingrove is much the biggest draw, followed by GoMA and the Museum of Transport (Table 5.4).

Geographic origins of visitors

Some 42% of the attendance at the City museums is by Glasgow residents, a further 21% from Outer Glasgow and the remaining 37% from further afield, including an estimated 26% staying visitors (Table 11.6). Annual visits per head by Glasgow City residents to the City museums average 2.43, ranging from 1.78 visits by South-West residents of the City to 3.51 by people in the West (Table 5.8).

Impact of new museums

Several new museums have boosted attendance in the City. St Mungo (1995/96) and GoMA (1996/97) have succeeded in maintaining subsequent attendances at levels similar to those achieved on opening (Table 5.4). In contrast, the early interest in the Burrell Collection was massive, but it now attracts only a fifth of the attendance received in its first years. The Museums Resource Centre (2003) is a path- finding open store which draws some 5k visitors annually.

Kelvingrove refurbishment

The major refurbishment of Kelvingrove led to an initial doubling of its attendance on re-opening (2006), which brought the City museums‟ overall figure to 4.27 million and the Glasgow total to 4.47 million. It was anticipated that total attendance would fall from the exceptional peak of 2007 once the initial excitement of the Kelvingrove reopening waned. The 2009 3.52 million total attendance still remains a major result, which sits some 25% above the level of 25 years ago (Table 5.3).

Professional outputs

Re-display, rotation, exhibitions and events are essential to sustaining interest and attendance at museums long term. This also involves research and conservation, which advances the understanding and appreciation of the collections. In 2006/07, the Glasgow City museums conserved over a thousand objects and received over a thousand day-research visits at a time when 15 research projects/assignments were in progress (Table 5.5). This was in addition to the work on the re-displays of Kelvingrove and of the Museum of Transport holdings for the forthcoming Riverside Museum.

Temporary exhibitions

Glasgow experimented in the 1990s by putting major exhibitions in the McLellan Galleries in central Glasgow (Table 5.7). After 1990, the visits per day were disappointing, apart from the Home of the Brave and Charles Rennie Mackintosh. Perhaps the investment in exhibitions was insufficient to trigger sustained major interest and the central location of the McLellan proved testingly remote from the life of 44

MUSEUMS the institution. Major shows have been switched to Kelvingrove, where popular exhibitions, Kylie and Dr Who, have recently been mounted. A new temporary exhibition strategy, with a regular pattern of major shows, aims to balance the interest of the public and of the institution and advance the appreciation of its collections. The recent great success with The Glasgow Boys exhibition may show the way forward (Table 5.8).

Learning and access

The extensive work of the museum learning team comprised some 6,613 sessions in 2008/09 (Table 9.11). These were split between programmes for schools (61%), closely tailored to the formal curriculum, and for other publics (39%), young people, families and talks‟ programmes (Table 9.12). These drew some 184,000 participations (2008/09) and constitute an investment both in current understanding and in the visitors of the future.

Riverside Museum

The opening of the new Riverside Museum in 2011 will stimulate significant extra public interest in the transport collections and in Glasgow. A major recasting of the Burrell is intended as the next big project for the museums.

Hunterian

At the University, the Hunterian‟s collections of Whistlers, Mackintosh, 18th-century British and 19th- and 20th-century Scottish pictures are another exceptional Glasgow resource. Hunterian visitor numbers (Table 5.3) are 68k for the art gallery and 52k for the museum (2007). They remain well below the levels achieved in the mid-1990s, despite the excellent run of small, changing exhibitions which illuminate the Hunterian displays.

Other independents

Among the independent museums, points to note are the success of the Scottish Football Museum, drawing some 59k visitors in 2008, and the continuing relative popularity of Pollok House, with 81k visits (2008). This is operated by the National Trust for Scotland on behalf of the owner, Glasgow City Council (Table 5.3). The Glasgow Science Centre, whilst not a registered museum, presents concepts of natural science and technology through displays and educational programmes. It draws upwards of 400k visitors annually.

45

MUSEUMS

Table 5.1 Glasgow City museums and library infrastructurea, turnover and staff, 2008/09

Turnover Staff Orgs

£m FTE no. Glasgow City Museums 17.38 391a 12b Other registered museumsc 3.66 107 7 Libraries/archive 14.96 405a 34d

Source: CSG, Cipfa, Charity Commission, institution websites a With estimates of staff in support services. b Sites; includes Martyrs‟ School (no longer open to the public) and the McLellan Galleries (closed since 2005). . c Excludes Glasgow School of Art (see Section 9). d Service points and community libraries.

Table 5.2 Glasgow and Outer Glasgow registered museums, 1990, 1995 and 2009

1990a 1995 2009 Glasgow City Number City Councilb 8 11 12c Independent 7 7 7 Total 15 18 19 Outer Glasgow LA 6 14 16 d Independent 2 1 6 Total 8 15 22 Greater Glasgow 23 33 41

Source: MLA, Museums & Galleries Scotland. a As covered in Monitoring Glasgow 1990 (1991); includes several institutions only registered subsequent to that year. b Includes Pollok House, owned by the City Council but managed by NTS. c Includes the McLellan Galleries and the Martyrs‟ School, which are closed to the public. d Includes five museums in South Lanarkshire which prior to the 1996 local authority reorganisation lay outwith Greater Glasgow.

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MUSEUMS

Table 5.3 Glasgow museums, visits

85/86 1989 1990 91/92 95/96 96/97 97/98 2006 2007 2008 2009 Thousand Glasgow City mus 2,696 2,951 3,374 2,453 2,341 3,316 [2,542] 3,928 4,271 3,359 3,264 Other reg mus 127 145 191 185 193 199 [199] 227 204 212 257 Total 2,823 3,096 3,565 2,638 2,534 3,515 [2,741] 4,155 4,475 3,571 3,521

Source: see Table 5.4.

Table 5.4 Glasgow registered museums, visits

85/86 1989 1990 91/92 95/96 96/97 97/98 2006 2007 2008 2009 Thousand GCC Burrell 1,050 491 879 408 298 309 285 204 193 203 203 GOMA n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 656 410 554 563 571 537 Kelvingrove 806 1,016 1,002 896 996 1,084 1,040 1,861a 2,232 1,445 1,368 McLellan Gallsb n/a 130 130 70 56 217 32 - - - - Mus of Trans 300 634 536 501 397 442 440 506 536 456 469 People‟s Palace 244 351 467 289 245 249 7 c 333 278 252 269 Prov Lord et ald 124 182 199 148 127 107 98 132 126 116 117 Pollok Housee 172 147 161 141 71 42c .. 80 79 81 86 St Mungo‟s n/a n/a n/a n/a 151 155 131 179 188 158 144 Scotland St Sch n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 55 57 57 56 61 65 Mus Res Centre n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 10 6 5 6 Total 2,696 2,951 3,374 2,453 2,341 3,316 [2,542] 3,928 4,271 3,359 3,264 Other reg‟d mus Glas Sch of Art 2 [10] [10] [10] 11 19 .. 21 20 17 25 Heather Bank 3 ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø ø Hunterian AG 60 109 104 112 109 .. [77] 68 [62] 80 116 Hunterian Mus 67 64 61 62 61 .. [40] 52 [70] 79 Roy Highl‟d Fus 6 [8 [8] [8] 8 10 .. 5 [4] 3 [3] Sc Ftball Mus n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 48 51 49 41 Tall Ship Mus n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a [36] [35] 31 29 Total 127 145 191 185 193 199c [199] 227 204 212 257 All reg mus 2,823 3,096 3,565 2,638 2,534 3,515 [2,741] 4,155 4,475 3,571f 3,521

Source: EIAG (1998), CSG, Visit Scotland. a Reopened July. b Closed from October 2005. c Partial closure in year. d Also includes Rutherglen Museum (till 1996), Hagg‟s Castle (till 1996), Fossil Grove (from 1993/94 to 2006), Martyr‟s School (from 199X to 2008). e Operated by National Trust service 199X. f Glasgow Science Centre, which is not a registered museum, received 481k visits in 2008, 481k in 2007 and 411k in 2006.

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MUSEUMS

Table 5.5 Glasgow City Museums, outputs, 2006/07

Collections Accessions 1,285a Loans 64ab Conservation Objects assessed 5,477 Objects treated 1,175 Research Internal projects 4c Staff assignments 8 External research projects 3d Rsrch visits to museums (days) 1,140 Temporary exhibitions Burrell 5 GOMA 9 Kelvingrove 3e Museum of Transport 1 People‟s Palace 2 St Mungo 4 Scotland Street School 10 Overseas 2 Support Volunteers 296 Volunteer tours 1,485 Volunteer research (days) 1,152 Placements (number) 65

Source: Glasgow Museums, Annual Accreditation Report 2006/07. a 2005/06 figure. b Excluding open museum. c Excluding development and re-display of Kelvingrove and Riverside. d Undertaken by various university departments in arrangement with CSG e Closed until [June].

Table 5.6 Glasgow City Museums, Glasgow residents’ attendance, by Glasgow community area, 2008

S S All W N E W E Glas Visits by Glasgow residents (k) 492 220 208 271 220 1,411a Resident population (k) 140 116 117 101 107 581 Attendance per head 3.51 1.90 1.78 2.68 2.06 2.43

Source: CSG surveys and analysis. a Glasgow residents proportion as in table 11.6, applied to Glasgow City Museum total visits..

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MUSEUMS

Table 5.7 Glasgow City museums, temporary exhibitions at McClellan Galleries

Visits Title Days Visits per day 1990 British Art Show 40 25,807 645 Glasgow‟s GB art show 44 26,381 600 Art Machine 85 64,804 762 RGI 1990 19 5,904 311 Scotland Creates 135 17,063 126 1991 Out of Order 67 21,012 314 Magnum – In Our Time 87 33,392 384 RGI 1991 26 4,791 184 1992 Alan Davie 66 9,832 149 170,48 Home of the Brave 129 3 1,322 RGI 1992 25 7,315 292 Niki de St Phalle 137 16,487 120 1993 Glasgow Print Studio 32 16,091 503 Peter Howson 67 18,521 276 RGI 1993 32 8,652 270 1994 The Bigger Picture 113 24,433 216 Sharmanka 32 2,501 78 Sharmanka & Salgado 109 20,445 188 RGI 1994 28 11,624 415 An American Passion 78 13,345 171 1995 Art Machine „95 147 42,203 287 RGI 1995 27 7,285 270 1996 Fuse 31 6,942 224 208,74 Charles Rennie Mackintosh 131 2 1,593 1997 Robots 4 8,000 2,000 Birth of Impressionism 111 33,621 303

Source: CSG.

Table 5.8 Glasgow City Museums, exhibitions in Kelvingrove temporary exhibition gallery

Visits Charge Title Days Visits per day /free 2007 Fonn‟s Duthchas 66 3,267 50 F 2008 Kylie 121 165,249 1,366 F Harry Benson 108 97,232 900 F Impressionism in Scotland 89 11,528 129 C 2009 Dr Who 279 135,837 487 C 2010 The Glasgow Boys 172 123,289 717 C

Source: CSG.

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MUSEUMS

Table 5.9 Hunterian Art Gallery, exhibitions 2007/08

Title Dates Glasgow 1990 Sept-Dec A Victorian Master: Drawings by Lord Leighton Jan-Apr Whistler Pastels Jan-Apr Rubens to Mackintosh: Drawings from the Hunterian May-Sept A Renaissance Master: Prints by Parmigianino Apr-Aug

50

HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND HERITAGE

6. HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND HERITAGE

Assets

Glasgow‟s built heritage strides centuries of history and reflects the City‟s climb to the height of its international importance and industrial prosperity. Glasgow has some 3,681 Category A listed buildings (8% of Scotland‟s total), 16 scheduled monuments and five listed parks (Table 6.4). These assets include architectural legacies of international significance (Charles Rennie Mackintosh and Alexander “Greek” Thompson), Scotland‟s finest medieval cathedral and remarkable 19th-century townscape (reinterpretations of the tenement tradition, planned suburbs on a European scale, showy commercial premises, great public institutions, industrial premises), and important 20th-century contributions, eg the work of Gillespie, Kidd & Coia.

Visitable interiors

The visitable interiors are relatively few, twelve3 in total, with six linked to Mackintosh and one to Thompson. Their number were increased with the opening of Holmwood and the addition of the House of an Art Lover, The Lighthouse, with its Mackintosh exhibitions, and Scotland Street School. This strengthened the visitor potential and the result was impressive growth in visits (Table 6.2).

Visit growth plateau

The Mackintosh group clocked 376k visits in 2008, compared to 47k in 1990, an eightfold increase, in which the Lighthouse and the House of an Art Lover have been particularly important. There is a cap on the visitor capacity at the Glasgow School of Art, but this will be addressed as part of the new Holl building, to be completed in 2013. Visits to the non-Mackintosh heritage buildings total 178k in 2008, which is significantly higher (by 84%) than 1990. But the big changes in heritage attendance would appear now to be a thing of the past. Total visitor numbers have changed little in the past four years and remain at around 560k per annum (Table 6.3).

Policy elements

Responsibility for managing, conserving and improving Glasgow‟s built environment lies with Development and Regeneration Services (DRS) in the City Council (Table 6.5). It works through designating conservation areas (22 across the City), processing listed building applications (Table 6.6) and advancing improvement projects, such as the three townscape heritage initiatives (Lottery funded), Merchant City, Parkhead Cross and Govan Cross, as well as providing public information and education. Historic Scotland has regulatory oversight for listing and care, but no office in Glasgow.

Independent bodies

Independent bodies at work on the heritage include the Glasgow City Heritage Trust (building repair grants), the Glasgow Building Preservation Trust (conservation projects) and the Scottish Civic Trust (among many other things overseeing the Doors Open event). The Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society promotes appreciation of this remarkable body of work. The Lighthouse functions as Scotland‟s “centre for architecture and design”. It is housed in a Mackintosh building and includes a permanent exhibition of the Lighthouse on the architect (Table 6.7). The City Council took responsibility for staff and some property costs in 2009. A new business plan will include a refurbished Mackintosh exhibition.

Heritage events

Major progress has been made with the heritage fabric in the City. This includes much high quality lighting, which was brought to the public‟s attention in the Glasgow Lighting Festivals, held in 2005 and again in 2007. They drew respectively 67k and 75k visitors (Table 6.8).

Engagement

Some 26 trails‟ leaflets and 20 tour guides are available, covering 37 different architectural, townscape and garden topics (Table 6.9). DRS produced 14 of the leaflets and variously the Library Service, the Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society, the University of Glasgow, local conservation groups, and The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, the remainder. DRS works with schools on heritage learning and holds an annual local history fair. Additionally, there is an

3 Includes six properties run primarily as heritage visitor facilities, one of which doubles as headquarters for the Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society, four properties which are also classified as registered museums (one of which includes the Mackintosh House), the Glasgow School of Art, which continues with its prime function as a working art school, and Glasgow Cathedral; the count does not include various listed theatre buildings, such as the King‟s Theatre and the Theatre Royal. 51

HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND HERITAGE important level of voluntary interest in history and heritage within Glasgow, with some 28 societies (2008) covering local areas, specific design, particular architects and even individual buildings (Table 10.5).

Collaboration

An archaeology service is subscribed to by Glasgow City Council, together with 11 other adjacent local authorities and the Loch Lomond National Park. It is hosted by Glasgow City Council, which also maintains a further archaeology post in the Museums Service. World Heritage Status has been given to the Antonine Wall, which runs in part through Glasgow. Equivalent status is also being sought for a group of Mackintosh buildings in the City. These initiatives are evidence of the established level of collaborative practice amongst neighbouring local authorities in relation to their heritage responsibilities.

Advocacy and opportunity

The historic-building visitor attractions, together with The Lighthouse and the heritage agencies/support organisations, had a turnover of some £8 million in 2008/09, with staff of 77 FTE (Table 6.1). These figures seem modest for the significance of this asset. Although trails, guides and heritage visits have multiplied, Glasgow‟s architectural/heritage riches could still benefit from sharper articulation and advocacy, given their importance to tourism and the life of the City. The numerous voluntary organisations interested in the architecture and heritage could become an even more energising resource. Exciting new buildings from Zaha Hadid (Riverside Museum) and Stephen Holl (facing Glasgow School of Art, of which it will form a part) will certainly quicken interest.

52

HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND HERITAGE

Table 6.1 Glasgow heritage infrastructure, turnover and staff, 2008/09

Turnover Staff Orgs

£m FTE no. Historic buildingsab 2.19 26 4b Lighthouse 3.20 [20] 1 Support, agenciesc 2.96 31 4 Total 8.35 77 9

Source: CSG, Charity Commission, websites, DRS within GCC. a Only includes those operated solely as heritage visitor facilities, House of an Art Lover, Tenement House, Holmwood House and Trades Hall. b Seven other organisations variously included under museums, heritage support and training. c Glasgow Building Preservation Trust (runs Doors Open Festival in Glasgow), Glasgow City Heritage Trust, Civic Trust Scotland and Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society; Development and Regeneration Service Conservation, Townscape Initiative projects and environmental teams within Glasgow City Council (total [31] staff); no financial information available.

Table 6.2 Glasgow City historic buildings and gardens, visits

1990 1997 2008 Thousand Glasgow School of Art √ 31 17 House of Art Lover n/a √ 83b Queen‟s Cross √ √ 7 a b Mackintosh House √ [44] 31 Lighthouse n/a n/a 177 Scotland St School - 57 61 All Mackintosh [47]c 144 376d

Tenement House √ √ 17 Hutcheson‟s Hall √ √ n/a Glasgow Cathedral √ √ 154 Holmwood n/a n/a 5 Trades Hall n/a n/a 2 All other properties [97]c 173 178

Doors Open 7 65 54 c All historic buildings 151 382 608

Gardense 511 487 430

Source: GCSF (1998), Visit Scotland, CSG, institutions. a Within Hunterian Art Gallery. b 2006 figure. c Subtotals estimated from 1990 figure using 1997 proportions. d The Willow Tea Rooms reported 94k visitors in 2007 e Numbers relate to Glasgow Botanic Gardens, Greenbank Gardens, and, for 1990 and 1997 only, Glasgow Zoo, now closed; Glasgow‟s 5 listed historic gardens and designed landscapes are Glasgow Botanic Gardens, Kelvingrove Park, Glasgow Necropolis, Pollok Park and Victoria Park, each with free admission.

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HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND HERITAGE

Table 6.3 Glasgow City historic buildings and gardens, visits

Charge 2005 2006 2007 2008 /free Number Glasgow School of Art 22,770 20,630 20,662 17,218a c Mackintosh Church 5,614 closed 6,748 6,580b f Mackintosh Housec 31,120 31,352 [31,352] [31,352] c Scotland Street School 54,519 56,834 55,652 61,419 f House of Art Lover 93,110 89,165 [89,165] 83,136 c Martyrs‟ School [1,959] [2,235] - - f Lighthouse 184,567 176,913 [176,913] [176,913] c

Glasgow Cathedral 134,172 156,221 159,174 153,498 f Holmwood House 4,666 4,487 4,069 4,759 c Hutcheson‟s Hall 2,536 971 - - f Tenement House 16,036 15,067 18,155 16,746 c Trades Hall 1,644 658 2,497 2,480 f Total 552,713 554,534 564,390d 560,130

Doors Open Day [54,293] [54,293] [54,293] 54,293 f Festival of Light - 67,000 70,000 - f

Total buildings 607,006 675,827 688,683 614,423

Glasgow Botanic Gardens [350,000] [400,000] [400,000] [400,000] f Greenbank Gardens 30,543 29,145 31,244 29,624 c

Source: Visit Scotland, CSG, institutions a Attendance rose to 26,425, in 2009. b Attendance rose to 7,042 in 2009. c Within Hunterian Art Gallery. d The Willow Tea Rooms reported 94k visitors in 2007.

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Table 6.4 Glasgow City listed buildings, designed landscape and scheduled monuments, by percentage of Scotland total

GLA GLA Scot % Number Listed buildings Category A 281 3,681 7.6 Category B 1,277 23,846 5.3 Category C 285 19,992 1.4 Total 1,843 47,519 3.9

Designed landscapes 5 386 1.3 Scheduled monuments 16 8,103 0.2

Source: Historic Scotland.

Table 6.5 Glasgow City, conservation areas, staffs, heritage and actions, 2008/09

No. Conservation areas 22 Local authority staff Heritage, environment 15 Landscape, history, access 16 Heritage consent applicationsa 863

Source: DRS within GCC. a Referred to Heritage & Design Team; 871 applications referred in 2007/08.

Table 6.6 Glasgow City listed buildings, by level of risk and action priority

2004 2008 Number At risk Prompt 175 88 Medium 401 400 Low 951 977 Not at risk 5,407 5,492

Htge consent applsa 871 863

Source: DRS within GCC. a Listed building consents and planning permission applications referred to Heritage & Design Team, 2007/08 and 2008/09.

Table 6.7 Glasgow City heritage agencies, 2008/09

Note Glasgow City Heritage Trust Building repair grants, training and education Glasgow Building Preservation Trust Conservation projects, events, promotion Scottish Civic Trust Oversees “Doors Open” Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society Promotes CRM from Queen‟s Cross Townscape Heritage Initiatives Merchant City Development and Regeneration Services Parkhead Cross Development and Regeneration Services Govan Cross Development and Regeneration Services The Lighthousea Scotland‟s centre for architecture & designb

Source: DRS within GCC. a Premises owned by GCC; Architecture + Design Scotland taken on programming following financial difficulty experience in 2009. b Includes permanent Mackintosh exhibition

Note: neither National Trust Scotland nor Historic Scotland has Glasgow office. 55

HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND HERITAGE

Table 6.8 Glasgow Lighting Festival, activity and visits

2005 2007 Installations/perfs (no.) 23 45 Walking tours per night (no.) 3 3 Visitors (k) 67 75

Source: DRS within GCC.

Table 6.9 Glasgow city heritage trails and tours/guides, 2008/09

Trails/ Tours/ Topics l‟fletsa guides cvredb Number Architecture 4 2 5 Local areas 8c 10 19 Parks/gdns 10d 7e 9 Buildings 2 1 3f Themes 2 - 2 Total 26g 20 37h

Source: DRS within GCC. a Includes PDFs and substantial trails available on web; leaflets free of charge; excludes published guidebooks. b Some topics covered by both leaflets and tours. c Clyde Waterfront leaflet contains 12 trails. d Of which, four relate to Glasgow Green. e Of which, four are within the Walk in the Park programme. f Clyde bridges, Glasgow subway and Stewart Fountain; excludes leaflets available for individual historic properties. g Of which, 14 produced by DRS, 4 by the Libraries Service and 8 by other organisations, for example, Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society, Glasgow University, local conservation groups and Royal Commission on Architectural and Historic Monuments and Sites. h Additionally, Greater Glasgow and Clyde Valley Tourist Board proposes 16 trail consultations.

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LIBRARIES

7. LIBRARIES AND ARCHIVES

Scale

Glasgow operates much the largest public library service in Scotland, with 34 service points (33 community libraries and the Mitchell) and 365 library staff (2008). In 2010 the service points are 33. The Mitchell Library is a major facility, which includes the reference library and archive. It now incorporates a large cafe and an extensive internet-access area, as well as the Mitchell Theatre, used for literary events and also dance studio shows, amateur drama and the work of small, independent companies. The information service of the Library Service covers commercial and business information, which make a distinct contribution to Glasgow‟s important regeneration agenda.

Widespread changes

The high quality of public library statistics across Britain permits detailed comparisons amongst services. These demonstrate widespread changes taking place in library-service usage, the rise of virtual visits, book issues below historic highs and more issues in other media, which are all evident in Glasgow.

Rising usage

But the City has succeeded in running counter to the national decline in library visits (Table 7.1). At 4.52 million in 2008/09, library visits in Glasgow are above the mid-1990s level and still climbing. Glasgow is also an exception in reviving the numbers of active borrowers. The 2008/09 figure is 119k, up 10% on 2005/06 (Table 7.2). Book issues are rising at a similar rate. The growth of children‟s book issues, by 26% in the same period, is an exceptional development (Table 7.3).

Satisfaction

Library Service satisfaction scores (Table 7.5) show some 56% of residents believe the overall level of service is „very good‟. The scores are higher for helpfulness of staff (72% „very good‟) and for the information services („very good‟ according to 73% of users).

Need

These are important achievements, but comparison with other local-authority library services in Scotland is a reminder of the levels of need in the City. Glasgow is 23rd for book issues per head of population despite being fourth in library visits (Table 7.4). Glasgow is 13th in net revenue public spend (excluding capital) per head of population in 2007/08.

Reader development

The Library Service runs a reading programme intended to address Glasgow‟s significant adult-literacy problem. Packs are supplied to the parents of all newborn children. Adult literacy tutors visit community centres. The library links to nursery and parenting programmes. Targeting pre-5s also brings in the parents. The strapline of the public campaign is “Get Glasgow Reading”. Programme sessions rose from 3,894 to 5,588 from 2005/06 to 2008/09, and participations grew from 53.4k to 89.1k (Table 9.14).

Aye Write!

The Library Service launched a successful annual literary festival in 2005, which aims to support the literacy programme and the development of a reading culture (Table 8.2). Attendance rose from 24K in 2006/07 to 35k in 2008/09. Some 10,000 schoolchildren attend free of charge following preparatory induction by the Young People‟s Team.

Archive Service

The Library Service runs the Archive Service for the City. This covers both heritage and modern records. Public uses of the service totalled 18,364 in 2008/09, of which 7,834 were personal visits and the remainder remote enquires (Table 7.6). The service produced over 30,000 enquiry responses. In recent years, usage peaked in 2006/07, when the church digitisation project was completed. The Archive Service also mounts exhibitions, around four a year, and learner events, which take place both in the Mitchell Library and externally. Fewer activities took place in 2008/09 than previously, and the attendance fell to 645 (Table 7.7).

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Table 7.1 Glasgow Library Service, usage

96/97 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 Thousand Visits 4,300 4,194 4,191 4,473 4,517 Active readers 80 109 111 114 119 Virtual visits n/a 2,509 2,296 6,441 6,470 Book issues 3,934 2,462 2,566 2,605 2,716 Other media issues 234 356 318 297 305

Source: Cipfa, Public Library Statistics.

Table 7.2 Glasgow Library Service, active borrowers

Year Borrowers 2000/01 109,990 2001/02 114,861 2002/03 110,840 2003/04 108,209 2004/05 107,696 2005/06 109,179 2006/07 111,490

2007/08 114,394

2008/09 118,873

Source: Cipfa, Public Library Statistics.

Table 7.3 Glasgow Library Service, issues by category

% diff 1996/97 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 05/06-08/09 Thousand Adult fiction .. 1,317 1,307 1,320 1,318 - Adult non-fiction .. 597 606 6,520 697 +16.8 Adult books 3,297 1,909 1,913 1,972 2,015 +15.5 Children‟s books 637 554 652 693 701 +26.5 All books 3,934 2,462 2,566 2,605 2,716 +10.3 Audio-visual etc 234 356 318 297 305 -14.3 All issues 4,168 2,818 2,883 2,902 3,021 +7.2

Source: Cipfa, Public Library Statistics.

Table 7.4 Glasgow Library Service, comparison with other library services, 2007/08

Rank of 32 in Scotland Active borrowers (absolute) 1 Cost per employee 1 Book stock per population 3 Visits per population 4 Net spend per population 6 Revenue income per population 6 Book acquisitions per population 7 Staff in post per population 10 Net spend (excluding capital) per pop 13 Audio-visual issues per population 18 Book issues per population 23

Source: Cipfa, Public Library Statistics.

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Table 7.5 Glasgow Library Service, user satisfaction, 2007/08

% users judging: „very „adeq/ „good‟ good‟ poor‟ Hours of opening 44.4 33.3 22.3 Choice of books 30.5 47.4 22.1 Staff helpfulness 71.6 24.8 3.6 Qual of computer facilsa 36.0 44.3 19.7 Info servicea 72.7 23.5 3.8 Overall quality 55.8 37.1 7.1

Source: CSG, Cipfa Public Library User Survey 2007/2008 Analysis Report. a Response of those who used facility.

Table 7.6 Glasgow Archive Service, use by public

2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 Number Visitorsa 6,742 7,567 7,257 7,834 Remote enqsb 10,802 11,711 11,479 10,530 User total 17,544 19,278 18,736 18,364 Productionsc 26,550 33,179d 32,745 30,300

Source: Glasgow Library Service. a Completers of reader forms. b Post/email/phone. c Responses to enquiries. d Increased as result of church digitisation project.

Table 7.7 Glasgow Archive Service, activities and attendance

05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 Number Exhibitions 4 3 5 4 Learner eventsa 84 90 74 36 Attendance 1,250 1,020 800 645

Source: Glasgow Library Service. a Internal and external.

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FESTIVALS, EVENTS

8. FESTIVALS, EVENTS

Strategy

Glasgow established its Strategic Major Events Forum in 2005 for driving forward the City‟s events strategy. This seeks both to develop the portfolio of regular events and procure major travelling events for the City. Sport events, arts and culture and exhibitions and shows are included in the thinking, which identifies major events as a “mechanism to deliver (Glasgow‟s) brand, economic, social and cultural objectives”. The 2014 Commonwealth Games is a centre point of the strategy. The MOBO awards are an instance of a recent major success in the music field.

Major one-off events track record

Glasgow has a developed international profile and a long history of mounting major events, within which sit notable cultural successes, such as the Garden Festival (1988), European City of Culture (1990), Year of Visual Arts (1996) and UK City of Architecture and Design (1999).

Regular portfolio

The data in this section relate to Glasgow‟s regular portfolio of events. These comprise some 11 specialist-art-form and five multi-art-form festivals, and some six other events (Table 8.1). Nine of the 22 events and festivals are held in the dark months of the year, between November and April.

Specialist arts festivals

The City's specialist festivals, especially Celtic Connections, New Moves and the biennial Glasgow International Festival of Visual Art, carry an influence in their own fields. In the case of the largest of these, Celtic Connections, the impact is of international significance. This may be why Glasgow does not have (and may not need) the kind of single showcase festival which some cities (eg Manchester) have recently launched to profile their credentials in contemporary developments. Glasgow‟s positioning in some respects complements Edinburgh‟s festivals policy and Glasgow-based organisations in fact make significant contributions to the Edinburgh festivals. They have been major recipients of funding from the Edinburgh Festival‟s Expo Fund.

Other festivals and events

The multi-arts festivals include events which articulate life in particular quarters of the City, the West End and the Merchant City, and also a school event, the Mela and Glasgay. Glasgow‟s other events include several popular celebrations, which mark seasons of the year and physical features of the City, notably Hogmanay and the River Clyde. Piping is represented by two participatory events, Piping Live and the World Pipe Band Championship.

Attendance and impact

The festivals drew an attendance of 738k in 2008/09 (this figure includes some estimations for unticketed admissions). This is 12% more than in 2006/07 (Table 8.2). The events accounted for a further 250k attendance in 2008/09, and their attendance has also increased (Table 8.3). Various impact studies, many commissioned by the City Marketing Bureau, show that, whilst festivals and events depend on interest from Glasgow and Outer-Glasgow residents for much of their attendance, they do in the majority of cases attract significant proportions of staying visitors to the City (Table 11.6).

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Table 8.1 Festivals and events, turnover and staff, 2008/09

Turnover Staff Orgs a £m FTE no. Single art formb 4.74 11 11 Multi-arts festivals 0.97 8 5 Events 1.99 [10] 6 Total 7.70 [29] 22

Source: CSG, SAC, City Marketing impact studies, estimations. a Core only; excludes short contract event staff. b Also included in Sections 2, 3, 4 and 6.

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Table 8.2 Glasgow festivals, attendance

1997 06/07 07/08 08/09 Thousand Glasgow International Comedy n/a 60 72 75

New Moves 2 3 3 [3]

Celtic Connectionsa 52 100 100 92 Piping Live n/a 24 25 25 World Pipe Band Championship n/a 38 40 40 Glasgow International Jazz 10 10 [25] 25 Early Music 2 n/a n/a n/a Big Big Country 5 n/a n/a n/a

Glasgow International n/a 54 n/a 89 Glasgow Art Fair [12] 16 16 13

Aye Write! n/a 24 25 35

Glasgow Film Festival n/a 15 21 25

Doors Openb 65 [54] [54] 54 Festival of Lightb n/a 67 70 n/a

Glasgay 40 8 15 15 West Enda 5 120 173 164 Merchant City n/a 37 55 56 Melab [20] 20 20 20 Inspiration n/a 9 6 7 Mayfest 65 n/a n/a n/a Arts is Magic 3 n/a n/a n/a Total 281 659 720 738

Source: CSG, Glasgow City Marketing Bureau. a Includes estimates of unticketed admissions. b Unticketed.

Table 8.3 Glasgow events, attendance

1997 06/07 07/08 08/09 Thousand

Glasgow Rivera n/a 75 85 87 BBC Proms n/a n/a n/a 16 Fireworksa n/a 50 55 60 WinterFest (opening) n/a [16] [16] [16] Hogmanay n/a [9] 9 8 Glasgow Show n/a 65 65 65 Total - 215 230 252

Source: Glasgow City Marketing Bureau. a Unticketed.

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EDUCATION, TRAINING AND OUTREACH

9. EDUCATION, TRAINING AND OUTREACH

Training pyramid

There is a major concentration in Glasgow of Scotland‟s specialist institutions which provide practice- based training in music, drama, dance, art and design. At the top of this training pyramid sit the Glasgow School of Art (GSA) and the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama (RSAMD). Glasgow is also home to the five Scottish national youth organisations, in choral singing, orchestral playing (and other ensembles), dance, theatre and piping. These provide both ensemble experience to talented pupils drawn from the whole of Scotland on a selective basis and, variously, starter and training schemes. Glasgow Education Service (GES) forms the local base of the pyramid, delivering elementary music training to students in school and providing some additional practitioner and ensemble opportunities in orchestras, choirs, drama, dance and the visual arts (Table 9.6). Glasgow Education Service also runs Knightswood, Scotland‟s dance school. The turnover of these organisations in 2008/09 totalled some £39 million and they employed some 707 FTE staff (Table 9.1). They account for around a fifth of Glasgow‟s cultural sector (Table 1.1). These figures exclude the spend undertaken by the cultural institutions themselves on education and outreach, most of which make significant commitments to these areas of work.

RSAMD and GSA

Both GSA and RSAMD train and educate creative professionals for direct entry into the creative and performing arts, be they fine art, design, architecture, music, dance or drama. This is specialist, close- grained work and it is costly. The schools need to be good at identifying the most talented students, effective in their processes of selection, and provide training which focuses on nurturing the individual. The intensity of the commitment is demanding for the relatively small numbers of students involved, and the training is closely informed by the changing needs of the sectors for which entry-training is provided. And so, the involvement of practitioners is central to this. The schools feed the creative and performing- arts professions and the professions feed the schools. There is room only for a limited number of specialist institutions of this kind. The GSA leaver cohort in 2008/09 totalled 309 undergraduates and 184 postgraduates (Table 9.2). The figures for RSAMD‟s leaver cohort were 171 with UG degrees and 123 with PGT qualifications (Table 9.4).

International significance

The success of these schools is vital to the future of the cultural and creative sector in Scotland. They each have international reputations which attract students and staff. GSA‟s student leaver cohort of 2008/09 was 55% from outwith Scotland, including 26% from overseas (Table 9.3). The RSAMD student body comes 39% from outwith Scotland and 19% from overseas (Table 9.5).

Other practice-based provision

Glasgow‟s universities and colleges offer a wider range of courses relevant to the needs of the creative industries, including digital training, computing, new media, printing, publishing and journalism. These also provide alternative routes to architectural training (eg Strathclyde and Cardonald), as well as higher education and research in the historical and intellectual fundaments of art, literature and drama.

Outreach by cultural institutions

Alongside the practice-based training pyramid, Glasgow has seen a substantial growth of outreach and education provided by the cultural institutions themselves. This is not new provision in all cases but its considerable expansion is a notable recent development (Table 9.7). Outreach/education programmes in the City drew 446k participations in 2008/09. An equivalent figure in 1996/99 (excluding the independent companies and independent museums) was 149k. Few cultural institutions today do not undertake outreach and education programmes, and many regard it as a core activity. Participation increased from 301k in 2006/07 to 446k three years later (Table 9.8)

Performance outreach

The performance outreach provision alone clocked 144k participations in 2008/09. The major providers are Scottish Opera, the Citizens‟ Theatre and the RSNO, and also Scottish Ballet, which has constructed its own training pyramid from beginners to selective programmes, junior associates, advanced work, and degree training at RSAMD. The focus in performance outreach generally is switching from one-off workshops towards sessional programmes. There is growing emphasis on identifying talented students and on skills development. At the City Halls, the Glasgow Concert Halls

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house the GES ensemble programmes (Table 9.2) and have introduced their own early years' sessional programmes (Table 9.10).

Museum education and access programmes

The museums in Glasgow drew 213k participations to their programmes in 2008/09. The Glasgow City museums alone delivered 184k of these, of which 69% were by school, pre-5, FE and HE students (Table 9.11). The learning team in the museum was rebuilt a decade ago so as to take over these programmes fully from the City‟s education service. The schools programme is now wholly aligned to the needs of the school curriculum. It reached 88% of Glasgow‟s primary schools in 2008/09 (Table 9.13). The RSNO is adopting a similar approach in music by re-aligning its substantial education programme to the needs of the curriculum. The City museums‟ access work for families, young people and adults is targeted separately from the school work (Table 9.12).

Library Service

By the same token, the Glasgow Library Service has chosen to address a major educational challenge by focusing its expanding programme on literacy and reading, targeting together pre-5s and adults. The number of annual sessions rose from 3,894 in 2005/06 to 5,588 in 2008/09 (Table 9.14).

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Table 9.1 Glasgow specialist training in music, drama, dance, art and design, 2008/09

Turnover Staff (£k) (FTE) Students Glasgow Education Service Music instruction in schools 1,947 53 4,500 Ensembles (City Halls) & YMIa 630 17 8,128 Drama, visual arts, dance (Tramway) 243 [7] 366 Total 2,820 77 12,994 Scottish national youth organisations Youth Orchestra 1,170 15 254b Youth Choir 1,570 [20] 2,000c Youth Dance 780 25 42d Youth Theatre 480 20 ..e Youth Pipe Band [150] [5] 88 Totalg 4,150 85 2,384 Royal Scottish Academy of Music & Drama 12,190 250 766h Glasgow School of Art 19,462 295 1,898 Total 31,652 545 2,664 Total 38,622 707 18,042

Source: GES, CSG, SAC, institutions. a Youth Music Initiative (funded by the Scottish Arts Council) reaches 7,500 primary school students with a singing initiative; this is supported by extensive training of class teachers and instrumental instructors; over 2,000 teachers attended from 2003 to 2009; the Youth Music Initiative additionally funds the newly-formed Glasgow Strategic Music Partnership; it aims to join up informal-sector music provision for young people in Glasgow. b Eight ensembles, including National Youth Jazz Ensemble. c Twelve area choirs (covering Scotland) and national choirs. d Project Y and Foundation group only; not included in this figure are the extensive participation programmes, „free to dance‟ scheme, boys starter programme and on-demand workshops, which totalled 17,000 participations. e Programmes cover weekly classes in Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen, SYT productions, summer programmes and special courses. f Senior and development bands. g Excludes Dance School of Scotland, an integral feature of GES, at Knightswood School. h HE only; excludes Junior Academy [estimated enrolment 200] and outreach programmes. .

Table 9.2 Glasgow School of Art, leaver cohort, by subject, 2008/09

UG PG Total UG PG Total Number % Architecture 31 94 125 6 19 25 Design 151a 45b 196 31 9 40 Fine art 127c 33 160 26 7 33 Other - 12 12 - 2 2 Total 309 184 493 63 37 100

Source: GSA.

Table 9.3 Glasgow School of Art, leaver cohort, by domicile, 2008/09

UG PG Total UG PG Total Number % Scotland 152 69 221 31 14 45 Rest of UK 11 36 147 23 7 30 Rest of EU 14 19 33 3 4 7 Rest of world 32 60 92 6 12 19

Source: GSA. a 30 studying product design engineering, 17 product design, 32 visual communications, 23 textiles, 20 interior design, 15 ceramics and 14 silversmithing/jewellery. b Of which, 33 in digital design. c 39 in sculpture/environmental art, 62 fine art and 26 photography.

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Table 9.4 Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama, leaver cohort, by subject, 2008/09

UGa PG Total UGa PG Total Number % Music 86 93 179 29 32 61 Drama 85 30 115 29 10 39 Total 171 123 294 58 42 100

Source: RSAMD. a Includes 2 Dip He/HND and 7 “other” UG students.

Table 9.5 Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama, undergraduate and postgraduate students, by domicile, 2008/09

UG PG Total UG PG Total Number % Scotland 412 53 465 54 7 61 Rest of UK 133 24 157 17 3 20 Rest of EU 30 20 50 4 3 7 Overseas 45 49 94 6 6 12 Total 620 146 766 81 19 100

Source: RSAMD.

Table 9.6 Glasgow education service music ensemble programme at City Halls, 2008

Sessions Participants Participations Number String Ensembles First Experiencea 26 38 988 Training Orchestra 26 89 231 String Orchestra 26 62 1,586 Concert bands 26 61 1,586 Voice Factorya 26 276 7,176 Rare instrumentsa 22 9 268 Songs from Showsa 26 90 2,340 Big Band 28 20 616 Battle of Bands 4 20 80 Master classesa 3 4 12 Total 213 669 14,883

Source: GES. a Part of Youth Music Initiative.

Table 9.7 Education and outreach, programme participations, by domain, selected Glasgow cultural institutions

96/97 06/07 07/08 08/09 Thousand Performancea 44 108 116 144 Museumsb 76 135 157 184 Librariesb [29] 57 75 89 Total [149] 301 348 466

Source: GCSF (1998); see Table 9.8. a Includes Scottish Opera, Scottish Ballet, RSNO, producing theatres, halls and centres. b CSG.

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Table 9.8 Glasgow-based cultural institutions education/outreach programmes mounted in Glasgow, participations

2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 Thousand Performance Citizens 13.7 18.7 21.7 Arches 2.8 3.2 6.1 Tron [5.3] [5.3] 5.3 NTS [0.7] [0.7] 0.7 Scottish Ballet [8.0] 9.0 11.1 Scottish Opera [27.1] 27.1 29.1 SCO [1.2] [1.2] 1.2 BBC SSO [5.3] [5.3] 5.3 RSNO [13.7] 13.7 13.7 Centres [7.9] [7.9] 7.9 Glasgow Concert Halls 7.3 7.6 10.9 GES at City Halls 15.2 16.5 16.9 Independent companies .. .. 14.3 Performance totala 108.2 116.2 144.2 Glasgow City Museumsa 135.0 157.0 184.0 Glasgow Library Service 57.4 74.8 89.1 Grand totala 300.6 348.0 445.9

Source: CSG, SAC, GES and institutions. a Excludes independent performance companies and independent museums; see Table 9.9 for 2008/09 detail.

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Table 9.9 Glasgow-based cultural institutions education/outreach programmes mounted in Glasgow, 2008

Programmes Sessions Participants Participations Number Performance Citizensa 286 1,454 3,446 21,706 Archesb 77 .. .. 6,142 Tronc [8] 339 5,322 [5,322] NTS 4 64 715 [715] Scottish Balletd 45 472 1,144 11,074 Scottish Operae 25 276 5,734 29,090 BBC SSO 8 [8] .. 5,235 RSNO 24 89 3,444 13,671 SCOf 4 15 1,085 1,170 Indep companies 8 113 .. 14,311 Centresg .. 588 .. 7,973 Hallsh 14 379 3,939 27,800 Perf total 132 1,184 24,829 144,209 Museums Glasgow City 6i 613 [183,910] 183,910 Hunterian 4i .. .. 28,673 Libraries Glasgow City 9 4,223 .. 89,069 Grand total 151 6,020 [208,739] 445,861

Source: companies, annual reports, CSG. a Includes Citizens Community Company, Citizens Young Company, sessional programmes (Nightschool, Kids@City, Teenagers@City) short courses (Make it Work Training, continuing professional development eg primary staffs, speech and language therapists, nursery staffs) and a range of one-off projects taking from 1 day to 1 year; Theatre About Glasgow‟s professional productions and touring productions for people under 25 are enumerated within performance. b Includes Arches Youth Music Initiative, Shhh! music video, Sound Base Music School, Deaf Youth Theatre. c Includes 3-5yrs Storytelling, Skill Shop, writer and performance groups. d Includes Junior Associates. e Includes the following sessional programmes, Sing Up, Making Opera, Create Opera, High Notes, Opera Foundation. f 2006/07. g Tramway, CCA. h Glasgow Concert Halls and GES ensemble programme. i Programme groups.

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Table 9.10 Glasgow Concert Halls outreach programme at City Halls, 2008

Sessions Participants Participations Number Music for early years 26a 47 522 Mini Music Makers 27a 59 1,509 Optimusicb 29 123 645 Merchant Voices 34 167 3,259c Experience days 14 1,151 1,151 Easter, summer, Oct weeks 18 628 682 Other programmesd 18 235 244 Totale 166 3,310 8,012

Source: Glasgow Cultural Enterprises (now under CSG). a Session days; each day with several age sets. b Part of Youth Music Initiative. c Includes 442 showcase audience. d Toryglen, Arden, Creative Confident Children, choral workshop. e Excludes 15,000 attendance at eight Celtic Connections schools‟ concerts; enumerated under halls within performance; other Celtic Connections‟ sessions outwith festival counted in regular Glasgow Concert Halls education and outreach, apart from jazz summer school, with some [20] participants.

Table 9.11 Glasgow City Museums, education and access sessions and participations, by programme type, 2008/09

Sessions Participations Per No % No sess Education Pre-5 681 10.3 13,122 19.3 Primary 2,792 42.2 81,667 29.3 Secondary 440 6.7 12,531 28.5 Further Ed 93 1.4 2,055 22.1 Higher Ed 30 0.5 421 14.0 Access Family 640 9.7 28,951 45.2 Yng People 1,003 15.2 22,641 22.6 Talks etc 933 14.1 22,522 24.1 Total 6,613 100.0 183,910 27.81

Source: CSG.

Table 9.12 Glasgow City Museums, education and access participations, by museum, 2008/09

Education Access Total % Burrell 8,483 4,104 12,587 6.8 GoMA 3,546 6,424 9,970 5,4 Kelvingrove 37,685 33,818 71,503 38.9 Museum of Transport 18,522 18,559 37,081 20.2 Scotland St School 16,951 4,290 21,241 11.5 People‟s Palace 18,202 4,343 22,545 12.3 Provand‟s Lordship 1,751 881 2,632 1.4 St Mungo‟s 4,655 1,204 5,859 3.2 Open Museum 1 491 492 0.3 Total 109,796 74,114 183,910 100.0 % 59.7 40.3 100.0

Source: CSG.

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Table 9.13 Glasgow City Museums, education and access sessions for Glasgow primary schools, by community area, 2008/09

S S W N E Total W E Primary schools visiting museums 33 40 36 29 46 184 Primary schools in area 35 46 41 33 54 209 Percentage reached 94 87 88 88 85 88 Number of sessions 462 355 419 300 420 1,956 Sessions per school 14.0 8.9 11.6 10.3 9.1 10.6

Source: CSG.

Table 9.14 Glasgow Library Service, reader development programmes, participations and sessions

05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 Number Pre-5a 3,417 6,763 26,587 32,878 Reader development School visits 28,300 25,825 16,775 19,100 Library club 10,336 11,655 12,285 13,647 Otherb 11,357 13,236 19,123 23,444 Total participations 53,410 57,479 74,,770 89,069

Sessions 3,894 3,979 5,075 5,588 Particips per sess 13.7 14.4 14.7 15.9

Source: CSG. a Bounce & Rhyme. b Reading Challenges, Pre-Aye Write! Visual Literacy, Roald Dahl, World Book Day, Burns for Bairns, Chatterbook, Story Times.

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10. VOLUNTARY ORGANISATIONS

Data

There are no regularly produced statistics on voluntary organisations in the arts and culture in Glasgow. A count of organisations has been prepared for the Digest, drawing on information from umbrella organisations, public authorities and website entries.

Spread of interests

These show some 128 organisations in the City, providing a good spread of opportunity (Table 10.1). The largest areas of interest are in amateur dramatics/youth theatre (38) (Table 10.2), in music (38) (Table 10.3) and in history/heritage (28) (Table 10.4).

Geographic inequalities

The largest numbers of organisations are in the West, which covers much of central Glasgow (Table 10.1). This is where organisations, drawing members from across Glasgow, prefer to be for ease of reaching rehearsals and meetings. The lowest numbers are found in the North and East of the City.

Issues

Voluntary life is important as part of the tissue of strong communities. Without national data on this area, it is difficult to place Glasgow in perspective. It seems possible that Glasgow may well be less developed in its voluntary sector than in its professional cultural provision. A similar count was done in 1996. The comparison, which covers Greater Glasgow, suggests that, whilst the number of clubs for music is constant, amateur-dramatic activity may have declined by perhaps a fifth since 1996 (Table 10.5). More research is needed nationally and locally. Figures should be collected on the membership numbers of voluntary organisations and on activities.

A strength

Glasgow does appear strong in the number of dance clubs and studios it supports. They currently total 57 in Glasgow and constitute a significant level of organisation. Many of them are commercial operations, which provide important opportunities for both children and adults. They are also reasonably well spread across the City, including nine in the North and seven in the East.

Cultural pastimes

As for participation by individuals in cultural pastimes, there are only limited data available (Table 10.6). The Taking Part survey samples are still low at the Glasgow level. This source scores “Glasgow and surroundings” either equal to or slightly below the Scottish average for resident adults involved in performance (13%), engaged in the visual arts and crafts (15%, including photography) or undertaking any writing (7%).

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Table 10.1 Glasgow voluntary organisations, by community area, 2008/09

W N S S E All Outer

W E Glas Glas AmDram & youth theatre 17 6 4 8 3 38 [23a] Blk/ethnic mins. arts orgs. 7 1 3 2 - 13 3 Music ensembles/clubs 26 1 7 4 - 38 56 Art clubs/photo socs 2 1 5 3 - 11 .. Heritage 6 1 4 3 2 28b .. Total 58 10 23 20 5 128b [107c] Dance classes/studios 20 9 9 12 7 57 25

Source: see Tables 10.2, 10.3 and organisation listings in Technical Appendix. a AmDram and amateur operatic only. b Includes 12 other heritage organisations with Glasgow-wide interests (eg family history, architecture) not classified by community area. c Excluding youth theatre, art clubs, photo and heritage societies.

Table 10.2 Glasgow voluntary organisations in drama, by organisation and area, 2008/09

S S All Outer W N E W E Glas Glas NODA members 5 1 - 2 - 8 3 Other AmDram 4 - 2 2 1 9 20 Youth theatre 8 5 2 4 2 21 .. Total 17 6 4 8 3 38 [23] Of which outreach companiesa Adult - - - 1 1 2 .. Youth 4 - - 3 1 8 ..

Source: NODA, AmDram, National Association of Youth Theatres, CSG and local informants. a Variously operated by the Citizens, Platform, the Arches, the Tron, RSAMD, Scottish Opera, Glasgow Educational Services.

Table 10.3 Glasgow voluntary organisations in musica, by type and area, 2008/09

S S All Outer W N E W E Glas Glas Choirs 13 1 3 1 - 18 17 Orchestras 6 - - - - 6 3 Brass/silver/wind 2 - 1 2 - 5 14 Piping/fiddle/flute 3 - 2 1 - 6 18 Music clubs 2 - 1 - - 3 4 Totalsa 26 1 7 4 - 38 56

Source: Enterprise Music Scotland, web listings and local informants. a Excludes choirs and ensembles run by the specialist youth music training organisations (see Section 9).

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Table 10.4 Glasgow heritage and history organisations, by interest and membership, 2008

Orgs M‟ship Local area societiesa 11 .. Architects & architectureb 7 .. Specific buildingsc 3 .. Family historyd 2 .. History, specialismse 5 .. Total 28 ..

Source: DRS within GCC, Glasgow Library Service, websites. a Carmunnock, Dennistoun, Glasgow West, Gorbals Heritage, Greater Pollok, Merchant City, Pollokshaws, Pollokshields, Provanhall, Strathbungo, Tronda. b Alexander Thomson, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, [Architectural Heritage Society for Scotland], Glasgow Institute of Architects, Glasgow Architecture Committee, Old Glasgow Club, New Glasgow Society. c Glasgow Cathedral, Glasgow Necropolis, Govan Old Parish Church. d Garngad Irish Heritage, Glasgow and West of Scotland Family History. e Glasgow Archaeological Society, Glasgow Police, Glasgow Transport, Glasgow Tree Lovers, Historical Association Glasgow and West of Scotland.

Table 10.5 Greater Glasgow voluntary organisations, by area of interest, 1996 and 2008

1996 2008 Change

No. of orgs 96-08 AmDram, youth theatre 82 61 -22 Black/ethnic min arts orgs 25 16 -9 Music ensembles/clubs 75 75a -

Source: GCSF (1998); see Tables 10.1, 10.2, 10.3 for 2008 detail. a 94 including brass and silver bands, not enumerated in 1996. b Glasgow City only.

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11. MARKETS AND ATTENDANCE

Data

It is an issue that Glasgow has not for some time carried out a comprehensive survey of visitors to its theatres, halls, museums and heritage sites. Box office analyses of bookers and paid admissions are available for many of Glasgow‟s theatres and halls (in particular, those in membership of Glasgow Grows Audiences). An annual museums‟ visitor-mapping survey is carried out by CSG. Both these sources record the broad geographics of attendance, but they do not collect either the staying- and day- visitor proportions or the overseas numbers. A number of occasional visitor surveys of single institutions and events have been carried out, which do fill in some of the detail on markets and on patron motivations and responses. But any broader extrapolations from these detailed studies to the overall picture need treating with caution.

Performance market

The box office analyses undertaken by Glasgow Grows Audiences do show the degree to which Glasgow acts as a regional magnet for performance and live entertainment (Table 11.1). Overall, some 70% of attenders come from outwith the City, including 28% from outwith Greater Glasgow. The King‟s is particularly successful in this regard. Glasgow residents represent 23% of total sales, with Outer Glasgow accounting for 45% and further afield 32%. The Glasgow Concert Halls‟ pattern is similar, Glasgow City 32%, Outer Glasgow 40%, and 28% elsewhere. In contrast, the producing theatres draw proportionally more of their public from Glasgow residents, who account for around half of sales, 49% at the Citizens‟ and 52% at the Tron. Some 36% and 37% respectively from Outer Glasgow, and 15% and 13% from further afield.

Expanded metropolitan role

A comparison between 1996/97 and 2008/09 indicates little change in the makeup of the public at the Tron, but there is a significantly larger proportion of Glasgow residents in the Citizens‟ audience in 2008/09 than a decade ago. The reverse development has occurred at the King‟s and the Glasgow Concert Halls, which have built their booker proportions from outwith Glasgow, in both cases by nine percentage points (Table 11.2). The outwith-Glasgow bookers are largely from the rest of Scotland and only to a limited extent from Edinburgh.

Museums market

As for the City‟s museums, an estimate (combining survey data from three sources) suggests that 42% of visitors are Glasgow residents (Table 11.5). This is a larger resident proportion than for the receiving theatres and halls but smaller than for the producing theatres. The resident proportion at the museums is also larger today than 25 years ago, when it was measured at 32%. The Outer-Glasgow proportion at 21% and day visitors at 11% are smaller than in the past but the staying visitor proportion remains much the same at 26%. These results, set against total museum visits, suggest that visits by Glasgow City residents to the City museums were some 75% higher in 2008 than in the mid-1980s. Staying-visitor attendance has also increased, up (from outwith Greater Glasgow) by some 38%, and visits from Outer Glasgow residents rose less, with a 16% increase. In contrast, attendance by day visitors, which was very important in 1990, appears to be down, by some 23%. This suggests that the day-visitor and Outer-Glasgow markets merit some marketing attention.

Museum visitor mix by sites

The CSG mapping of museum visitors shows the relative importance of different kinds of visitors at the various sites (Table 11.4). These percentages exclude the non-UK-visitor element from the totals. GoMA depends most heavily on interest from Glasgow City residents (56%), evidence of Glasgow‟s expanded interest in contemporary art. The Burrell has the second-largest proportion of City residents within its attendance and, jointly with GoMA, the smallest visitor proportion from outwith Greater Glasgow. In contrast, the largest proportions of attenders from outwith Greater Glasgow are found at Provand‟s Lordship (44%) and at the Museum of Transport (38%).

Attendance propensities

BMRB‟s TGI omnibus survey provides information on attendance, which has been consistently collected over a long period, for more than two decades. The “propensities to attend” are analysed here. The earlier data relate to Greater Glasgow residents; the 2005-08 data report separately on both Outer and City of Glasgow residents. The results show that Glasgow‟s exceptional cultural provision produces an above-average response from its residents. Some 56% of City resident adults (15+) attended “one or

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more of eight art forms (play, opera, ballet, contemporary dance, music theatre, classical music, jazz, art exhibition)” in 2005-08 (Table 11.7), which is five percentage points above the Scottish average. The Greater Glasgow score is ten percentage points above the equivalent in 1988-90. The score rises to 80% when museums and cinema are added to the eight art forms.

Increase across ages and social grades

The propensities to attend rose sharply in 1990. Previously, the Greater Glasgow scores were below the Scottish average. In 1990, they jumped above the Scottish average, and they remain generally above in 2005-08 (Tables 11.9, 11.10, 11.11). The increase was recorded in all social grades and all age groups. The gains were greatest for cinema, classical music and art galleries/exhibitions, and most evident for the over-55s and then for the under-35s (Table 11.8).

Reduced differentials

The data also yield evidence of narrowing in the attendance difference among social grades (Table 11.8). The “eight-art-form” scores for both ABC1s and C2DEs rose between 1988-90 and 2005-08, but the difference between the two narrowed by six percentage points. Similar change took place in relation to theatre performance but the reverse applied for classical music, where differences widened.

Glasgow City and Outer Glasgow

A comparison of attendance between Glasgow City and Outer Glasgow residents is presented in the 2005-08 data (Table 11.12). The Glasgow City scores are generally much above the Outer Glasgow equivalents. The higher propensity for Glasgow City residents (compared to Outer Glasgow residents) to go to museums is particularly notable, especially for the over-35s and the C2DEs. The main exceptions are for any performance in a theatre and for classical music, where the Outer Glasgow scores are higher than the Glasgow City scores. This exception applies to all social grades and all age ranges, apart from Glasgow City 35-54-year-olds, and they attend classical music more than their Outer Glasgow equivalents.

Popular music

Another TGI analysis shows the strength of Glasgow‟s interest in popular music. Glasgow residents are eight percentage points more likely to have attended live popular-music events than the UK average, and 16 percentage points more likely than Londoners. There is also a larger proportion who are attending more than once a year (24%) (Tables 11.13, 11.14). Glasgow‟s greater interest is shown in both “greater love for the music”, “more buying CDs" and “more listening to new music”.

Remaining differences

The increased propensity of Glasgow residents to attend cultural events and attractions is a signal development. But the difference in attendance by social grade remains significant. Despite the evidence of narrowing since 1988-89, the gaps remain challenging. Cinema-going scores for ABC1 and C2DE City residents are 70.7% and 50.1%respectively, a 28% difference. The difference for museum attendance is 47%. The differences are greater still for attending plays (59%), jazz (60%) and classical music (68%).

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Table 11.1 Glasgow performances, tickets sold by geographical origin and by venue, 2008/09

GLA Outer Rest Rest EDN % City GLA Scot UK King‟s Theatre 23 45 1 26 5 100 Citizens 49 36 2 11 2 100 Tron 52 37 2 9 2 100 GRCH 32 40 3 21 4 100 Alla 30 42 2 22 4

Source: Glasgow Grows Audiences. a Includes Theatre Royal, Arches, Platform.

Table 11.2 Glasgow theatres/halls (selected), ticket bookers, by geographic origina, 1996/97 and 2008/09

Tron Cits GRCH Kings Percentages 1996/97: Glasgow 74 68 63 61 W/C Scotland 17 27 29 32 Edinburgh 3 1 3 3 Rest of Scotland 2 2 3 3 Rest of UK 4 2 2 2 2008/09: Glasgow 73 74 54 52 W/C Scotland 18 18 30 37 Edinburgh 4 3 6 2 Rest of Scotland 3 2 7 6 Rest of UK 2 2 3 2 Percentage point change 96/07 – 08/09: Glasgow -1 +6 -9 -9 W/C Scotland +1 -9 +1 +5 Edinburgh +1 +2 +3 +1 Rest of Scotland +1 - +4 +3 Rest of UK -2 - +1 -

Booker nos. 08/09 7,361 9,480 66,040 61,918

Source: GCSF (1998), Glasgow Grows Audiences. a By postcodes: Glasgow (G); West/Central Scotland, PA (Renfrewshire, including islands), KA (Kilmarnock, Ayrshire), FK (Falkirk) and ML (Motherwell. Lanarkshire); EH (Edinburgh).

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Table 11.3 Glasgow City Museums, visits by geographic origin, excluding non-UK visitors

2006 2007 2008 2009 Percentages Glasgow City 53 47 47 46 Outer Glasgow 21 22 24 23 Rest of Scotland 12 14 14 18 Rest of UK 14 17 16 14

Source: CSG, Mapping of Museum Visitors, various dates.

Table 11.4 Glasgow City Museums, visits by geographic origin, excluding non-UK visitors, and by museum site, 2009

GLA Outer Rest Rest City GLA Scot UK Percentages Resource Centre 81 19 - - GoMA 56 17 14 13 Burrell 55 19 13 13 People‟s Palace 47 27 9 17 St Mungo 44 19 10 27 Kelvingrove 42 25 24 9 Scotland St School 40 39 10 11 Museum of Transport 39 23 17 21 Provand‟s Lordship 32 24 13 31 All 46 23 18 14

Source: CSG, Mapping of Museum Visitors (2009).

Table 11.5 Glasgow City museums, visits by residents, day and staying visitors

1986 1990 2008

Percentages Glasgow city 32 31 42 Outer Glasgow 24 20 21 Day visitors 19 23 11 Staying visitors 25 27 26a All 100 100 100

Source: EIAG(1988), Monitoring Glasgow 1990(1991); estimations for 2008 using CSG, Mapping of Museum Visitors (2009), Lowland, Kelvingrove Visitor Profile Survey (2007), Scotinform, Glasgow Museum of Transport Visitor Survey (2003, 2008), Morris Hargreaves McIntyre, Visitor Research at Kelvingrove (2009). a Of which, overseas tourists in 1990 12% and in 2008 11%.

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Table 11.6 Glasgow cultural institutions and events, attender origins, day and staying visitors

Stay Stay GLA Outr Day visit visit City GLA visit UK o/s Percentages Glasgow City Museumsa 42 21 11 15 11

Citizens Theatreb 48 30 17 5 Theatre Royal (Scot Op)c 33 32 22 13

Celtic Connectionse 40 19 26 15 3 Glasgow Internationald 38 10 25 21 6 Glasgow Film Festivale 56 26 9 8 1 International Comedy 43 31 14 12 International Jazz 16 3 31 50 World Pipe Band Ch‟shipb 16 3 31 29 21

7 other eventsbf 50 13 6 23 8

Source: SQW Consulting, Glasgow‟s Events Economic Impact Study (2006); Ekos Ltd, Economic Impact of Scottish Opera and the Theatre Royal (2002), Evaluation of the Magners Glasgow International Comedy Festival 2007 (2007) and Economic Impact of the Glasgow International Festival of Visual Art 2008 (2008); Glasgow Grows Audiences, Glasgow Film Festival 2009: Economic Impact (2009), Merchant City Festival 2009: Visitor Economic Impact (2009) and Celtic Connections, Visitor Impact 2009 (2009) for Glasgow City Museums, see Table 11.5. a 2008. b 2005. c 2002. d 2008. e 2009. f Glasgow River, Piping Live, Gourmet Glasgow, BBC Proms in Park, Merchant City Festival, Block Architecture, Glasgow Film; event averages.

Table 11.7 Glasgow City residents (15+), attendance at any of eighta art forms, Scotland and GB comparison, by age and social grade, 2005-08

% GLA % attendingb point diff GLA SCT GB SCT GB All 56 55 54 +5 +2 Age 15-24 49 48 48 +1 +1 25-34 53 51 53 +2 - 35-44 60 54 55 +6 +5 45-54 59 57 59 +2 - 55-64 56 51 60 +5 -4 65+ 50 47 52 +3 -2 Gender Male 51 45 50 +6 +1 Female 60 57 59 +3 +1 Social grade AB 81 77 76 +4 +5 C1 65 61 60 +4 +5 C2 55 39 46 +16 +9 DE 39 31 33 +8 +6

Source: Audiences South; BMRB, TGI. a Play, ballet, contemporary dance, opera, any theatre performance (i.e. includes musicals), classical concert, jazz event, art gallery/exhibition. b % adult population “attending these days”; Glasgow 2005/08, Scotland 2004/06, GB 2005/06.

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Table 11.8 Greater Glasgow residents (15+), attendance by art form, by social grade and age

All adults % point 88-90 90/91 05-08 diff 88-05 % adults attendinga Play 18.9 22.0 26.0 +7.1 Operab 4.7 4.2 7.1 +2.4 Balletb 8.1 b 6.1 4.6 [+0.8] Contemporary dance 5.8 Any event in a theatre 35.2 35.5 41.1 +5.9 Classical music 8.3 11.9 14.5 +6.2 Jazz 6.0 8.7 8.6 +2.6 Art galleries/exhibitions 27.7 33.1 33.7 +6.0 Any of the above 8 46.1 51.5 56.2 +10.1 Museumc 31.1 33.4 32.5 +1.4 Cinema 41.4 51.9 59.8 +18.4

ABC1s % point 88-90 90/91 05-08 diff 88-05 % adults attendinga Play 31.9 40.3 36.7 +4.8 Operab 9.9 9.8 11.4 +1.5 Balletb 13.1 b 11.9 9.8 [+1.6] Contemporary dance 7.5 Any event in a theatre 55.1 58.7 55.1 - Classical music 16.9 17.6 23.9 +7.0 Jazz 9.4 15.5 14.0 +4.6 Art galleries/exhibitions 44.0 47.8 48.5 +4.5 Any of the above 8 67.6 73.4 71.0 +3.4 Museumc 41.7 46.5 43.3 +1.6 Cinema 52.2 66.4 67.2 +15.0

C2DEs % point 88-90 90/91 05-08 diff 88-05 % adults attendinga Play 12.2 12.0 17.1 +4.9 Operab 2.2 1.2 3.4 +1.2 Balletb 3.8 3.2 1.7 [+0.9] Contemporary danceb 4.4 Any event in a theatre 24.6 23.1 29.2 +4.6 Classical music 4.0 8.9 6.6 +2.6 Jazz 4.2 5.0 4.1 -0.1 Art galleries/exhibitions 19.3 25.1 21.2 +1.9 Any of the above 8 34.7 39.8 43.8 +9.1 Museumc 23.2 26.2 23.4 +0.2 Cinema 35.3 44.3 53.6 +18.3

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15-34s % point 88-90 90/91 05-08 diff 88-05 % adults attendinga Play 19.6 26.7 30.1 +10.5 Operab 3.5 3.0 4.3 +0.8 Balletb 6.5 b 6.3 4.1 [+0.6] Contemporary dance 7.3 Any event in a theatre 29.2 38.7 36.3 +7.1 Classical music 7.1 13.5 9.9 +2.8 Jazz 9.6 15.5 8.5 -1.1 Art galleries/exhibitions 27.3 38.5 34.3 +7.0 Any of the above 8 43.8 57.2 53.7 +9.9 Museumc 29.9 33.1 33.8 +3.9 Cinema 60.3 80.4 82.1 +21.8

35-54s % point 88-90 90/91 05-08 diff 88-05 % adults attendinga Play 21.0 21.3 23.5 +2.5 Operab 5.7 7.0 7.4 +1.7 Balletb 9.5 b 7.9 4.7 [-0.3] Contemporary dance 5.8 Any event in a theatre 35.0 34.2 38.2 +3.2 Classical music 8.3 8.6 14.9 +6.3 Jazz 6.8 5.6 10.3 +3.5 Art galleries/exhibitions 31.2 31.6 35.3 +4.1 Any of the above 8 50.2 50.5 55.6 +5.4 Museumc 36.4 39.2 34.4 -2.0 Cinema 37.8 47.5 60.3 +22.5

Over-55s % point 88-90 90/91 05-08 diff 88-05 % adults attendinga Play 16.1 16.3 24.8 +8.7 Operab 5.1 3.8 9.2 +4.1 Balletb 8.3 b 4.0 5.2 [+2.4] Contemporary dance 4.5 Any event in a theatre 37.8 32.4 47.9 +10.1 Classical music 9.8 12.5 18.2 +8.4 Jazz 2.2 2.0 7.1 +4.9 Art galleries/exhibitions 24.8 27.1 31.8 +7.0 Any of the above 8 44.7 44.3 59.0 +14.3 Museumc 27.6 28.6 29.7 +2.1 Cinema 21.3 17.5 40.0 +18.7

Source: Audiences South; BMRB, TGI. a % of adult population “attending these days”. b Small sample. c % of adult population “been in previous 12 months”.

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Table 11.9 Greater Glasgow residents (15+) attendance, by art form, Scotland comparison, 1988- 90

GGL SCTa % points

% adult attendb diff Plays 18.9 19.5 0.6 Opera 4.7c 5.1 0.4 Ballet/contemp 6.1c ..d .. Any theatre perf 35.1 35.0 +0.1 Classical music 8.3 8.9 0.6 Jazz 6.0 7.3 1.3 Art gallery/exhibition 27.7 24.2 +3.5 Any of the above 8 46.6 45.6 +1.0 Museume 31.1 28.8 +2.3 Cinema 41.4 42.8 1.4

Source: Audiences South; BMRB, TGI. a 1990-91. b “Attending these days”. c Small sample. d Ballet 5.1%, contemporary dance 2.9%. e “Attended in previous 12 months”.

Table 11.10 Greater Glasgow residents (15+), attendance, by art form, Scotland comparison, 1990-91

GGL SCT % points

% adult attenda diff Plays 22.0 19.5 +2.5 Operab 4.2 5.1 0.9 Ballet/contempb 4.6 ..c .. Any theatre perf 35.5 35.0 +0.5 Classical music 11.9 8.9 +3.0 Jazz 8.7 7.3 +1.4 Art gallery/exhibition 33.1 24.2 +8.9 Any of the above 8 51.5 45.6 +5.9 Museumd 33.4 28.8 +4.6 Cinema 51.9 42.8 +9.1

Source: Audiences South; BMRB, TGI. a “Attending these days”. b Small sample. c Ballet 5.1%, contemporary dance 2.9%. d “Attended in previous 12 months”.

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Table 11.11 Greater Glasgow residents (15+) attendance, Scotland comparison, 2007

GGLa SCTb % points

% adult attend diff c Plays 26.1 23.9 +2.2 Operad 7.1 8.4 1.3 Balletd 8.1 9.2 1.1 Contemporary danced 5.8 6.3 0.5 Any theatre perf 41.1 39.2 +1.9 Classical music 14.5 13.9 +0.6 Jazz 8.6 8.4 +0.2 Art gallery/exhibition 33.7 29.8 +3.9 Any of the above 8 56.2 51.5 +4.7 Museume 32.5 31.0f +1.5 Cinema 59.8 59.9 0.1

Source: Audiences South; BMRB, TGI. a 2005-08 b 2004-06. c “Attending these days”. d Small sample. e “Attended in previous 12 months”. f 2007/08.

Table 11.12 Glasgow City residents (15+) attendance by art form, by social grade and age, Outer Glasgow comparison, 2005-08

All adults (15+) City O‟Gwa % % adults points Attendingb diff Play 27.5 24.9 +2.6 Operac 8.4 6.0 +2.4 Balletc 8.8 7.6 +2.2 Contemporary dancec 8.2 3.9 +4.3 Any event in a theatre 38.4 43.3 -4.9 Classical music 13.8 15.1 -1.3 Jazz 9.8 7.7 +2.1 Pop/Rock 33.8 32.4 +1.4 Art galleries/exhibitions 36.7 31.4 +5.3 Any of the above 8 56.1 56.3 -0.2 Museumsc 35.7 30.0 +5.7 Cinema 61.6 58.5 +3.1

ABC1s City O‟Gwa % % adults points Attendingb diff Play 42.1 33.0 +9.1 Operac 16.3 8.1 +8.2 Balletc 17.0 10.5 +6.5 Contemporary dancec 9.6 6.0 +3.6 Any event in a theatre 54.3 55.6 -1.3 Classical music 22.9 24.7 -1.8 Jazz 15.0 13.2 +1.8 Pop/Rock 45.2 40.8 +4.4 Art galleries/exhibitions 53.2 45.3 +9.9 Any of the above 8 70.8 71.1 -0.3 Museumsc 49.2 39.3 +9.9 Cinema 70.7 64.8 +5.9

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C2DEs City O‟Gwa % % adults points Attendingb diff Play 17.1 17.1 - Operac 2.9 4.0 -1.1 Balletc 2.9 4.7 -1.8 Contemporary dancec 7.1 1.9 +5.2 Any event in a theatre 27.0 31.2 -4.2 Classical music 7.4 5.8 -1.6 Jazz 6.0 2.2 +3.8 Pop/Rock 25.7 24.3 +1.4 Art galleries/exhibitions 24.9 17.8 +7.1 Any of the above 8 45.7 42.0 +3.7 Museumsc 26.1 20.8 +5.3 Cinema 55.1 52.3 +2.8

15-34s City O‟Gwa % % adults points Attendingb diff Play 31.8 28.8 +3.0 Operac 5.7 3.2 +2.5 Balletc 6.6 6.4 +0.2 Contemporary dancec 9.4 5.8 +3.6 Any event in a theatre 29.2 41.9 -12.7 Classical music 9.4 10.4 -1.0 Jazz 8.2 8.8 -0.6 Pop/Rock 49.7 51.4 -1.7 Art galleries/exhibitions 36.3 32.7 +3.6 Any of the above 8 52.7 54.5 -1.8 Museumsc 35.5 32.4 +3.1 Cinema 87.3 77.8 +9.5

35-54s City O‟Gwa % % adults points Attendingb diff Play 28.6 19.3 +9.3 Operac 9.4 5.7 +3.7 Balletc 11.9 7.5 +4.4 Contemporary dancec 9.9 2.4 +7.5 Any event in a theatre 36.7 37.7 -1.0 Classical music 17.3 13.0 +4.3 Jazz 14.4 7.1 +7.3 Pop/Rock 44.1 39.5 +4.6 Art galleries/exhibitions 44.2 28.1 +16.1 Any of the above 8 59.5 52.5 +7.0 Museumsc 39.3 30.4 +8.9 Cinema 60.3 60.2 +0.1

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Over-55s City O‟Gwa % % adults points Attendingb diff Play 22.6 26.6 -4.0 Operac 9.8 8.7 +1.1 Balletc 7.8 8.6 -0.8 Contemporary dancec 5.5 3.7 +1.8 Any event in a theatre 46.0 49.4 -3.4 Classical music 14.6 21.2 -6.6 Jazz 7.0 7.2 -0.2 Pop/Rock 10.7 8.8 +1.9 Art galleries/exhibitions 30.1 33.1 -3.0 Any of the above 8 56.1 61.4 -5.3 Museumsc 32.5 27.4 +5.1 Cinema 40.3 39.8 +0.5

Source: Audiences South; BMRB, TGI. a West Dunbartonshire, East Dunbartonshire, North Lanarkshire, South Lanarkshire, East Renfrewshire, Renfrewshire local-authority areas. b “Attending these days”. c Small sample. d “Attended in previous 12 months”.

Table 11.13 Glasgow residents (15+), popular music attendance, UK and London comparison, 2007

GLA LDN UK

% adults attended Attended live popular music events 59 43 51 Attended more than once a year 24 15 16

Source: BMRB, TGI.

Table 11.14 Glasgow residents (15+), index of interest in popular music, 2007

Index: Percentage of Glasgow adults who: LDN=100 Love music 115 Buy CDs 124 Listen to new music 145 Attend live music events more than once p.a. 222

Source: BMRB, TGI.

Table 11.15 “Glasgow and surroundings”, resident adults with cultural pastimes, 2008

% Taking part Performing 13 (includes 7% musical instruments, 2% choir singing, 2% drama) Visual arts 15 (includes 10% painting/drawing, 6% textiles/knitting, 8% photography) Writing 7 (includes 4% poetry, 5% stories/articles)

Source: DCMS, Taking Part (2008).

Sample: 741.

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12. CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

Definition

The “creative industries” is a relatively recent concept, which lacks a settled definition. The notion includes “arts and culture”, but is far broader, encompassing other industries based on individual creativity and talent and the development of intellectual property. Typically, they embrace the digital media, broadcasting, film, multi-media, publishing, press, architecture, design, advertising, audio-visuals and commercial music, software and games, as well as the cultural sector, performance, visual arts, literature, though sometimes excluding the heritage.

Glasgow‟s role

The best available analysis of the creative industries in Glasgow (by Ekos Limited) shows that the City has the greatest concentration in Scotland and one of the largest in the UK outside London, alongside Greater Manchester and Birmingham (Table 12.3). Glasgow Life and Creative Scotland recognise the importance of Glasgow‟s creative industries to Scotland and the UK.

Data issues

According to the Ekos figures, Glasgow‟s creative economy employed some 24,687 in 2005 (Table 12.1). The data are derived from the Annual Business Enquiry (ABI), certain limitations of which need to be noted. The figures enumerate employees only and exclude the self-employed. The data also exclude the smallest businesses (those not registered for VAT) and all public-sector provision. This leads to some under-recording of the creative economy. This is marked in respect of the “arts and culture” sector, where there are numerous micro-businesses as well as significant activity in the public sector. Further, design has proved difficult to identify as a category within the ABI and so is largely excluded. A further point on methodology is that the Ekos figures employ the supply-chain definition of the creative industries. It includes elements of manufacturing, distribution and retail, alongside original production. This approach has much logic. It does add significantly to the sizing of the sector.

Supplementary

This paragraph attempts to address some of the data issues identified above. The Digest estimate of jobs (FTEs) in the arts and cultural sector is 3,484 (2008/09) (Table 1.1). This includes the public sector and micro-businesses. Despite excluding the supply-chain elements, the figure is much larger than the 2,502 of Ekos (2005). Figures on self-employment can be found in the Census. But the most recent are for 2001 and they were collected on an occupation, rather than an industry, basis. They show 1,779 self-employed actors, dancers, musicians, visual artists, directors/officers and authors resident in Greater Glasgow. These broadly relate to the territory of the “arts and culture”. Self-employed journalists, broadcasters, photographers and audio-visual operators totalled 1,009, but not all of these would be working in the creative industries. Some indication of the importance of design in Glasgow can be gained from the Census (2001), which showed graphic, product and industrial designers numbering 2,278 (30% of the Scotland total) (Table 14.12). Taken together, these supplementary figures may provide an improved indicative estimate of jobs in the creative industries in Glasgow. They suggest a total of 30,735 employed in the creative industries, comprising 5,263 in the cultural sector and 25,472 in the other areas of the creative industries. But it should be noted that these are hybrid figures, which include estimates from different sources, use different methodologies and relate to different dates, and so it must be emphasised that they need to be treated with caution.4

Strengths

The creative industries in Glasgow include strong clusters in broadcasting, film, advertising, multi-media, publishing, software, games and music, though the limitations of the data do not record the latter fully (Table 12.2). Available detail on various aspects of the music industry in Glasgow can be seen in Table 2.15. Glasgow‟s strength in Scotland‟s screen production infrastructure is illustrated in Table 4.5, together with data on production activity in Table 4.6, drama production in Table 4.8, film outputs in Table 4.9, and the producing role of the Glasgow-based broadcasting organisations in Tables 4.9 and 4.10.

4 The Scottish government now produces an annual statistical series on the creative industries. These data are available at the Scotland level but not at that of individual cities and regions within Scotland. The statistics, as with previous analyses, are derived from the Annual Business Enquiry. The limitations of this source, described under “data issues” above, still apply. The analysis is prepared using a DCMS definition of the creative industries, comprising defined SIC (Standard Industrial Classification) codes, to which are applied proportions according to their specific relevance to the creative sector. The figures currently exclude radio and television and design. The SIC 2007 adopted a revised methodology and so users of these statistics are advised not to compare the results for 2008 with those of previous years.

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Growth and competitors

The fastest phase of employment growth in Glasgow‟s creative industries seems to have been in the late 1990s (Tables 12.6, 12.7). Subsequently, there was some consolidation. The 2005 figures are almost a fifth higher than in the mid-1980s, despite significant job losses from restructuring in Glasgow publishing in the mid-1990s (Table 12.5). Glasgow remains well positioned in the screen and digital industries, where the Scottish national focus is now placed. Whilst the BBC is building its presence in Manchester by transferring functions from London, and Manchester‟s position has become more competitive, Glasgow has benefited from some similar transfers and is said to be holding its own. 2010 is the busiest year for some time for independent feature films. Film City opened in 2009 and is proving a great success.

Origination

The policy of building the City‟s original production capability in the creative industries has served Glasgow well. Analysis of the 2005 data shows that the original production element of the creative industries is larger in Glasgow than in the English rivals (Table 12.4). This implies a larger export proportion in the output mix. A new, visioning exercise will seek to identify any new trajectories for the creative industries in the City. Design remains an important opportunity for Glasgow, which fits the enterprise agenda, in relation to which the Glasgow School of Art is an important competitive asset. The long-run development of the Merchant City as a creative industries quarter in Central Glasgow has made significant progress. Further steps towards its completion have been identified.

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Table 12.1 Digital media and creative industriesa in Glasgow, employmentb

2001 2003 2005 Number Arts & cultural industries 2,139 2,418 2,502 Film 558 666 632 TV/radio 3,732 3,672 3,360 Multimedia 533 400 357 Publishing 5,404 5,728 5,340 Architecture 5,727 5,807 6,240 Advertising 1,240 1,658 1,876 Music 54 67 40 Software 6,584 3,731 4,340 Total 25,971 24,147 24,687 Total as % of all GLA employment 6.7 6.3 6.0

Source: Annual Business Enquiry data analysed in Ekos Limited, Baseline Analysis of the Digital Media and Creative Industries in Glasgow and Metro West (Scottish Enterprise Glasgow), 2007. a Excludes design. b Excludes self-employment and employment in public bodies (eg local authorities).

Table 12.2 Glasgow digital media and creative Industriesa, employmentb, as proportion of Scotland total, 2005

GLA Glasgow Scotland % Scot Number Arts & cultural industries 2,502 14,749 17.0 Film 632 2,404 34.8 TV/radio 3,360 24,277 22.8 Multimedia 357 1,750 31.9 Publishing 5,340 24,275 22.3 Architecture 6,240 35,973 20.0 Advertising 1,876 3,772 28.9 Music 40 200 19.5 Software 4,340 17,901 24.2 All 24,687 125,307 19.7

Source: Annual Business Enquiry data analysed in Ekos Limited, Baseline Analysis of the Digital Media and Creative Industries in Glasgow and Metro West (Scottish Enterprise Glasgow), 2007. a Excludes design. b Excludes self-employment and employment in public bodies (eg local authorities).

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Table 12.3 Digital media and creative industries, employment, Glasgow and comparators, 2005

Employment As % of total

(no.) local employment Glasgow 24,687 6.6 Edinburgha 21,949 7.3 Cardiff 11,259 5.8 Manchester 17,707 5.9 Birmingham 27,201 5.5

GLA Metro Westb 31,309 4.6 Grtr Manchester 40,346 5.1

Scotland 125,307 5.3 London 294,041 9.7

Source: Annual Business Enquiry data analysed in Ekos Limited, Baseline Analysis of the Digital Media and Creative Industries in Glasgow and Metro West (Scottish Enterprise Glasgow), 2007. a 2001. b Glasgow City, Outer Glasgow (West Dunbarton, East Dunbarton, North Lanarkshire, South Lanarkshire, East Renfrewshire and Renfrewshire), Inverclyde, Ayrshire (East, North and South) and Dumfries and Galloway.

Table 12.4 Digital media and creative industries in Glasgow and comparator centres, employment proportions by supply chain contribution, 2005

Original Infra- Repro- Exchange Total production structure duction consumption Percentages Glasgow 66.4 0.6 17.4 15.6 100 Manchester 65.5 0.5 12.1 21.9 100 Birmingham 58.4 1.2 16.4 24.0 100 Cardiff 62.4 0.4 14.1 23.1 100

Source: Annual Business Enquiry data analysed in Ekos Limited, Baseline Analysis of the Digital Media and Creative Industries in Glasgow and Metro West (Scottish Enterprise Glasgow), 2007.

Table 12.5 Glasgow creative industriesa, jobs, companies, turnover, 1986, 1990, 1995, 1997

1986 1990 1995 1997 Jobs (number) Broadcasting 2,024 1,974 1,825 1,783 Independent film/video 362 420 720 700 Crafts and arts trades 1,082 1,165 1,070 943 Music industry 40 75 135 184 Book publishing 1,356 1,590 950 619 Cinema 250 290 325 605 Total 5,114 5,514 5,025 4,834 Companies (no.) 245 338 414 402 Turnover (£million) 1995 prices 239 347 338 312

Source: Glasgow Cultural Statistics Framework (1998). a Narrow definition.

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Table 12.6 Glasgow digital, media and creative industriesa

1995 2001 2003 2005 Employment (k) [20.61] 25.97 24.15 24.69 Index (1995:100) 100 126 118 120 % all GLA empl‟mt .. 6.7 6.3 6.0 Business stock (nos.) .. 1,145 1,190 1,182 % all GLA bus .. 9.1 9.7 9.5 GVA total (£m) .. 509b 601c 654 % all GLA GVA .. 8.6 8.4 7.2

Source: Ekos Ltd, Development of Glasgow‟s Creative and Cultural Industries (Scottish Enterprise Glasgow and Glasgow City Council), 2004 and Ekos Ltd, Baseline Analysis of Digital, Media and Cultural Industries in Glasgow and Metro West (Scottish Enterprise Glasgow), 2007. a See Table 12.1 for coverage. b 2000. c 2002.

Table 12.7 Glasgow creative industries, index of employment, 1985/86, 1990, 1995, 2001, 2005

85/86 1990 1995 2001 2005 Employment (thousand) Narrow definitiona 5.11 5.51 5.6 .. .. Wide definitionb 20.61 25.97 24.69 Index: 100=85/86 100 108 98 123 117

Source: see Tables 12.5 and 12.6. a Original production in broadcasting, independent film/video, crafts and arts trade, music industry, book publishing and cinema presentation. b As in footnotea, plus software, games, multimedia, advertising, newspapers, architecture and surveying; also includes full supply-chain contributions in infrastructure, reproduction and exchange, as well as original production.

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13. TOURISM

Volume and value

According to Visit Scotland, staying visits to Glasgow totalled 2.39 million in 2008. Overseas tourists made 0.71 million trips and UK residents 1.68 million. These represented some 29% of overseas and 14% of UK trips to Scotland (Table 13.1)5. Tourist spend in Glasgow totalled £620 million. Visit Scotland calculates that 7.9% of all jobs in Glasgow are in “tourism related activities”.

Success

Glasgow‟s success as European City of Culture in 1990 provided a major tourism boost, especially in the overseas market, and the sector has subsequently grown substantially, with strong marketing, the first city marketing bureau in Scotland, and investment in accommodation (Table 13.5), retailing, visitor attractions and conference facilities. Glasgow achieves major success in the conference business, especially international meetings and the City stands at 33 in the world (first in the UK) amongst members of the International Congress and Convention Association.

Motivations

But leisure is the major reason for visiting Glasgow. Some 56% of domestic and 46% of overseas staying visitors are “on holiday”, 53% overall, accounting for 1.27 million trips (Table 13.3). In the TNS study of “tourists and leisure visitors”, shopping is identified as the main reason for visiting Glasgow by 25% of respondents and culture by 22%, comprising 12% arts/art galleries, 6% museums and 4% concerts (Table 13.6).

Culture within brand

A TNS brand-association study shows that the cultural aspects of the brand are centrally positioned. Whilst bars and clubs are the top brand associations at 43% for the full panel, architecture is a brand association for 28% of respondents, historical attractions for 27%, art galleries for 26% and museums for 25% (Table 13.11). “Style adopters” (or taste leaders), a sub-group within the full panel, score these cultural strands significantly higher than do the full panel. For „style adopters‟, architecture, as a Glasgow brand association, rises to 35% and surpasses “bars, clubs”, at 34%.

Overseas leisure market

Image change is long-term work. In the overseas leisure tourist market, Glasgow has achieved second position outside London, behind Edinburgh, and well above its English big-city rivals, Liverpool, Manchester and Birmingham (Table 13.4). The brand monitoring also shows that negative perceptions of Glasgow in the domestic market are less than for the English competitor cities (Table 13.9). They are also less pronounced among the „style adopters‟ (Table 13.10).

Strengths

The Glasgow City-centre‟s retail is rated second only to London‟s. The City has equal strengths in its culture and entertainment. The City has the best attended museum system (Table 13.12) within the UK outside London and the most active concert halls (Table 13.13). Glasgow has an exceptional array of architectural and townscape treasures. The volume and range of opportunities are key attracters in themselves but the several unique cultural elements, many of international significance, have exceptional salience for cultural-tourism, such as the Mackintosh legacy, and key elements in the Burrell, Kelvingrove, Transport Museum and Hunterian collections. The vitality of Glasgow‟s visual and performing arts and the richness of the music scene are further strong pulling points.

5 Please note that the UKTS, which monitors UK domestic tourism, changed methodology in 2004. Caution should be used in drawing detailed conclusions from these data.

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Staying visitor cultural consumption

An analysis by Lynn Jones Research shows that the UK staying visitors who are active consumers of culture attend 2.50 events/attractions (Table 13.7) during a trip, and the overseas staying visitors 3.03 events/attractions. As an indication of the significance of the interaction between culture and tourism, some 26% (Table 11.5), equating to 928k visits of the total 3.57 million to Glasgow museums in 2008 (Table 5.3) were clocked by staying visitors to the City.

Total offer

Glasgow has a series of festivals with clear formats at particular points of the year. The City‟s events‟ strategy is important in this (see Section 8). The power of culture to drive city tourism also depends on the total cultural offer, which contains within it specific triggers, be it particular collections, key exhibitions, important repertoire or unmissable performers (Table 11.6). Glasgow shares this strength with other metropolitan centres, namely live performances, exhibitions, museums and heritage attractions, including unique elements, which are sufficiently numerous and interesting to trigger visits at any time of the year (Table 13.9). Live performances average nine a day (Table 2.2).

Recent developments

Tourism is a highly competitive field. Glasgow‟s „Scotland with Style‟ brand was launched in 2004 and the city‟s ten-year tourism strategy began in 2007. This was before recent disruptive events in the world economy. Visit Scotland reports that trips to the City totalled 2.30 million in 2009 (Table 13.1). Whilst this is down from 2.39 million in 2008, other figures show the City holding up well. Lynn Jones Research Limited puts Glasgow hotel occupancy at 74.7% in 2009/10 (Table 13.2). This is above the 2008/09 figure, compares well with 2006/07, and is only 2.4 percentage points below the 2007/08 peak of 77.1%.

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Table 13.1 Glasgow tourism, trips and value

1989a 1990a 1996a 2006b 2007b 2008bc Trips (k) Overseas 320 450 540 700 750 710 Domestic 1,600 1,300 1,200 1,900 1,790 1,680 Total 1,920 1,750 1,740 2,600 2,540 2,390 As % Scot total trips Overseas 22 28 27 26 27 29 Domestic 16 17 11 14 14 14 d Value (£m constant prices )

Overseas 147 235 228 236 227 232

Domestic 190e 190 179 451 408 388

As % Scot total value Overseas 15 20 18 15 16 19 e Domestic 8 11 10 15 14 14 Source: Visit Scotland, from IPS and UKTS. a Greater Glasgow. b City of Glasgow. c The provisional figures for 2009 are overseas 670k and domestic 1,630k, a total of 2,300k. d 2008 prices: index RPI. e 1991 figure.

Table 13.2 Glasgow hotel occupancies

04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 % room occupancy 70.7 72.7 75.3 77.1 73.8 74.7

Source: Lynn Jones Research Ltd.

Table 13.3.Glasgow tourism, domestic and overseas, by traffic type

%point 1996 2007 2008 change 96-08 Domestic Holidays 42 53 56 +14 Business 24 28 29 +5 Visiting friends & rels 30 13 12 -18 Study/other 4 6 3 -1 Overseas Holidays 55 45 46 -9

Business 21 16 16 -5

Visiting friends & rels 19 29 29 +10

Study/other 5 10 9 +4

Source: Visit Scotland, from UKTS and IPS.

Table 13.4 Top five UK citiesa staying visits by overseas visitors, by purpose, 2006-09 average

GLA EDN LIV MAN BMG Thousand Holiday 312 770 162 160 101 Business 120 154 34 337 380 Otherb 256 377 347 397 256 Total 688 1,301 543 894 737

Source: Visit Britain. a Excluding London, with 14,939k overseas staying visits (2006-9 average), of which 3,215k holidays and 6,648k business trips. b Includes study and visiting friends and relatives.

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Table 13.5 Glasgow City accommodation, rooms and bed spaces

2001 2005

Number Rooms Hotel/serviced 6,523 6,873 Non-serviceda 3,033 3,795 Total 9,556 10,668 Bed spaces 17,416 18,931

Source: Tourism Resources Company (for Scottish Enterprise Glasgow), Glasgow Tourism Accommodation Review 2004/2005, n.d. a Includes campus, self-catering and serviced apartments.

Table 13.6 Glasgow tourist and leisure visitors, main reason for visiting, 2003/04

% Shopping 26 Culture 22a Glasgow 19b Visiting friends and relatives 15 Day out 11 Travelling through 4 Business 5 Total 100

Sample: 1,094 visitors to Glasgow, staying away from home + 20% quota of leisure day visitors (away from home for at least 3 hours), June 2003-June 2004, randomly selected interviews at tourism sites in central Glasgow.

Source: TNS Greater Glasgow & Clyde Valley Visitor Survey 2003/04 (for Greater Glasgow and Clyde Valley Tourist Board Visit Scotland), 2004. a Of which, art/art galleries 12%, museums 6%, concerts 4%. b Of which, general sightseeing 9%, Glasgow itself 7%, wanted to return 3%.

Table 13.7 Glasgow staying visitors, cultural tourism engagement, 2008

No. visits % visiting per trip UK O/s UK O/s Museums 88 81 1.81 2.01 Historic buildings 34 54 1.48 1.61 Theatre, concerts 17 18 1.21 1.19 Any of above 93 89 2.50 3.03

Sample: 1,240 Visitrack online; mainly leisure visitors, January-December 2008.

Source: Lynn Jones Research Limited, Glasgow Visitor Survey Cultural Tourism Analysis (2010).

Table 13.8 Glasgow City museums and historic buildings, percentage attendance by quarter of yeara

Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sept Oct-Dec Museumsb 22.0 28.1 30.2 19.6 100 Historic buildingsc 18.0 27.7 34.5 19.7 100

Source: CSG, Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society. a 2008 and 2009 averages b Glasgow City museums. c Mackintosh Church.

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Table 13.9 Glasgow brand salience, attitudes towards Glasgow city break, 2006-07

EDN MAN CDF NEW BMG GLA

Percentages Favourite city 23 7 3 5 5 5 Always consider 52 32 29 23 18 31 Might consider 19 28 33 32 24 31 Would not consider 5 26 28 32 38 24 Would avoid 1 6 7 9 18 8 100 100 100 100 100 100

Nothing of interest; not 19 31 38 40 43 25 heard good reason to visit

Sample: 1,839 European online panel.

Source: TNS (for Glasgow City Marketing Bureau), strategic position of the Glasgow brand, 2006.

Table 13.10 Glasgow brand salience, attitudes towards Glasgow city break, by position on style pyramid, 2006-07

Style Capital Style adptrs leaders foll‟ers Percentages Favourite city 8 3 6 Always consider 51 29 28 Might consider 19 34 32 Would not consider 14 24 27 Would avoid 8 9 7 100 100 100

Sample: 1,839 European online panel.

Source: TNS (for Glasgow City Marketing Bureau), Strategic Position of the Glasgow Brand (2007)

Table 13.11 Glasgow brand associations, early style adopters and all, 2007

% Full Style % point panel adptrs diff Bars, clubs 43 34 -7 High street shopping 37 39 +2 Sport 29 23 -6 Architecture 28 35 +7 Historical attractions 27 36 +9 Museums 25 33 +8 Art galleries 26 31 +5 Conferencing 22 25 +3 Designer shopping 20 24 +4 Contemporary music 18 24 +6 Fine dining 17 30 +13 Science & Technology 17 17 - Dance 15 26 +11

Sample: Wave 3 only within 2006-07 1,839 European online panel.

Source: TNS (for Glasgow City Marketing Bureau), Strategic Position of the Glasgow Brand, (2007).

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Table 13.12 UK cities with most concert venues in top 100, by venue number and performances, 2008

Venues Perfs London 23 5,440 Glasgow 6a 1,266 Manchester 5b 1,061 Birmingham 4c 865 Bristol 3d 491

Source: Performing Right Society. a King Tut‟s, RSAMD, RCH, O2 ABC, City Halls, SECC. b RNCM, BWH, Night & Day, Roadhouse, Carling Apollo. c O2 Academy, Birmingham Conservatoire, Town Hall, ICC (Symphony Hall). d St George‟s, O2 Academy, Colston.

Note: Other Scottish entries in top 100: Edinburgh Queen‟s Hall 176, Inverness Eden Court 172, Aberdeen Music Hall 173, Perth Concert Hall 110.

Table 13.13 UK cities outside London with most attendance at registered museums, 2008

Reg Attend mus (k) Glasgow 17 3,571 Liverpoola 11 3,232 Edinburgh 12 2,892 Manchester 11 2,135 Newcastle 11 1,564

Source: MLA, CSG, Visit Scotland, Visit England, annual accounts and reports. a Liverpool European Capital of Culture in 2008; attendance in 2007/08 2,708k.

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14. RESOURCES

Revenue funding

The public revenue funding for the arts, museums and libraries in Glasgow (2008/09) totals £73 million, £35 million of which derives from the Scottish government and £38 million (including support costs) from the Glasgow City Council (Table 14.1). The central government funding (£35 million) is devoted entirely to the arts, which the City also supports but to a lesser extent (£9 million). Whereas the arts funding is a shared responsibility between City and central government, the City is required, as with other local authorities in Scotland, to fund alone its museums (£15 million) and libraries (£14 million).

Glasgow share of national funding

Glasgow‟s share of national arts and museums funding is 31% of the total, compared to Edinburgh‟s 46% and the rest of Scotland‟s 22% (Table 14.2). The arts funding reflects the national significance of Glasgow‟s institutional base in the arts. This includes four of the five national performing companies. Their funding, which is direct from central government6, also supports the national touring responsibilities of the companies. It accounts for £22 million of the £35 million arts grant-in-aid to Glasgow organisations. The remainder of the arts funding is voted through Creative Scotland. Scotland‟s national funding of museums is overwhelmingly devotedly to the national institutions (which are based in Edinburgh). Nothing goes to the Glasgow City museums, even though they can be compared in size, scale, role and quality to the nationals. The Glasgow City museums represent an exceptional national cultural responsibility within Britain for a local authority to be bearing on its own (see Section 5 passim, and also Table 13.3).

City Council spend

The bulk of the City Council‟s spend on culture supports its direct operations, which include the museums (10 open sites) and the library (34 sites), three concert halls, and Tramway and Trongate 103 (Table 14.3). The running of these organisations was transferred to an arms-length body in 2007, Glasgow Life (initially called Culture and Sport Glasgow), which also includes sport, leisure and community development (Table 14.5). This positions culture strongly in relation to community planning. The Arts Development Unit within Glasgow Life oversees the venues, coordinates cultural action within community policy, monitors the City‟s arts grant programme of some £3 million (Table 14.4) and also mounts key festivals, most notably Glasgow International and Celtic Connections.

Co-funding of the arts

Under the co-funding arrangements for the arts, some 51 independent institutions are supported in Glasgow. These include the four Glasgow-based national performing companies and a further 16 organisations jointly funded by Creative Scotland and Glasgow Life. The remainder receive “core revenue support” from one or other of these bodies. Beyond the nationals, the big grants go to the Citizens‟ Theatre, followed by the Tron, the Arches and CCA. Additionally, both Creative Scotland and the City provide project funds for individual practitioners, small organisations and a range of development schemes and initiatives beyond the work of the core institutions.

Other city spend on culture

Additionally, the City, through Glasgow Education Services, spends some £3 million on instrumental music teaching and on its arts practitioner programme. Further, in relation to the creative industries, the City‟s Development and Regeneration Services operates the Glasgow Film Office as a core service (£184k net spend), gives a small grant to the Cultural Enterprise Office (£10k) and provides support to The Lighthouse (£110k in 2008/09).

Other national sources

Public funding for Glasgow‟s cultural system also comes from other national sources, such as the [£6 million] support from BBC Scotland for the BBC SSO and the [£21 million] from Shefce for RSAMD and GSA. Glasgow‟s creative industries receive some project funding from Scottish Enterprise and Creative Scotland maintains the national screen/digital team in the City.

6 In an important development, Creative Scotland has been established by the Scottish government to provide overall leadership for the creative industries. The work of the Scottish Arts Council is absorbed into the new organisation. There is a strong development aspect to the work of the new agency. Scottish national responsibility for the national collections, the heritage, libraries, archives and the national performing companies, sits alongside Creative Scotland within the Office of the First Minister. 96

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City spend compared to other local authorities

Glasgow City Council is the largest spender on culture (2008/09) among the Scottish local authorities, both in absolute and in per capita terms (Table 14.6). Dundee is second, Aberdeen 7th and Edinburgh 20th in net council spend per head of population (Table 14.7). Glasgow scores top on both the narrow definition of the sector (arts, museums, libraries and archives) and the wider Cipfa definition (which adds parks and tourism). In terms of individual areas, Glasgow has the highest per capita spend on museums, also on parks and tourism, but not on the arts, where it is second to Edinburgh, and not on the libraries, where it is 19th amongst the Scottish local authorities.

Funding trajectories

Despite retaining its lead position amongst Scottish local authorities in cultural spending, the real-terms value of Glasgow City Council spend appears to have declined. Revenue spend on arts, museums and libraries, excluding central service allocations, rose from £29 million in 1997/98 to £33 million in 2008/09 (Table 14.8), but this represents a real-terms fall of 14% (using an RPI deflator). In the same period, central government spending in Glasgow increased from £14.6 million to £35.3 million, a real-terms increase of 79%. This includes a substantial increase in revenue spending from Lottery funds and the major uplift given by central government to revenue funding for the NPCs. As a result, whereas the City was responsible for 66% of the public spending on culture in Glasgow in 1997/98 (excluding central allocations), its share is around 49% in 2008/09 (or 52% when central allocations are added; see Table 14.1).

Income patterns by domain

The cultural sector has generally become more self-reliant in recent years (Table 14.9). The biggest change has been in the theatre, which has achieved a significant rise in the relevant importance of sales as a source of income. Sales increased in the producing theatres by 15 percentage points between 1996/97 and 2008/09, and in the receiving theatres by 26 percentage points. The contribution of private income has grown across the sector, but its overall significance remains relatively minor. The highest shares of private income are reached in music (11%) and in opera/ballet (8%). Museums are one area where the fundraising mix seems to have changed little. The grant for the City museums remains at 86% of total income, the same figure as in 1996/97. This grant share compares to 75% in opera/ballet, 52% in music and 43% in producing theatres. The grant proportion for the concert halls is 26%. The receiving theatres still depend for 7% of income on grant.

Cultural workforce

The major concentration in Glasgow of Scotland‟s cultural workforce is a significant strength for the City. The decennial census records people‟s occupations alongside their place of residence. The 2001 census showed 5,318 in Glasgow with cultural occupations and a further 5,051 in Outer Glasgow, 10,369 in total (Table 14.12). The Greater Glasgow figure represents 31% of the Scottish total (Table 14.14). The equivalent figure for Edinburgh is 19%.

Concentration in Glasgow

The largest groupings within cultural occupations in Greater Glasgow are the authors, journalists and publicists (2,662), the artists and graphic designers (1,904), and the actors, dancers, producers and broadcasters (2,044) (Table 14.11). Greater Glasgow is home to 42% of Scotland‟s actors, dancers, producers and broadcasters, 38% of its musician, and 29% of its artists and graphic designers (Table 14.14). Edinburgh has the greater concentration of curators, conservators and archivists.

Growth in cultural occupations

The figure for people with cultural occupations living in Greater Glasgow in 1991 had been 5,660. The increase over the decade to 2001 was large, at 83%, but for Scotland as a whole, the growth had been even more, at 87%, and Edinburgh had experienced quite exceptional development, with an increase of 138% (Table 14.10). The cultural occupations showing the largest increases in Greater Glasgow between 1991 and 2001 (Table 14.11)were the artists and graphic designers (up 154%), authors, journalists and broadcasters (up 113%), and actors, dancers, producers and broadcasters (up 109%). In the same period, the numbers of curators, conservators and archivists in Greater Glasgow declined by 45%.

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Employment status and gender

Some 38% of those with cultural occupations in Glasgow City are self-employed (Table 14.13). The highest proportions of self-employment are found amongst the actors (76%), artists (70%) and the authors/writers (63%). An estimate for self-employment amongst those with cultural occupations in Greater Glasgow is 36% (Table 14.12). Men predominate in the cultural occupations, at 61% of the total (Table 14.13). Females form the majority of publicists (64%), dancers (61%), and product and clothing designers (56%). Very many with cultural occupations work outwith the cultural and creative industries themselves (Table 14.15). For example, major concentrations of designers are found in manufacturing and business services.

Lottery funds

Between 1995 and 2009, Glasgow received £470 million funding from the National Lottery, and Outer Glasgow a further £206 million (Table 14.17). Glasgow City‟s share amounts to 23% of the total value of Scotland‟s Lottery awards and Outer Glasgow‟s 10%. The biggest proportions going to the City were from the arts (31%) and the millennium (45%) distributors.

Capital projects

The capital funds have been used primarily to address the physical renewal of Glasgow‟s cultural infrastructure (Table 14.18). The Kelvingrove scheme, towards which was also raised a record sum (£12 million) in private-sector contributions, is perhaps the most visible single refurbishment achievement. It was sensible to use building refurbishments to improve the operating conditions of Glasgow‟s key performing-arts institutions. The work for Scottish Ballet at Tramway and the improvements to the Tron and the Arches are important examples which served to deepen the rooting of these organisations in the City. The City Halls project, not primarily a Lottery matter, produced a similar result for the BBC SSO. A further significant set of improvements were achieved in the heritage infrastructure, not least through the impact of the townscape initiatives and the extensive work in various parks and open spaces, such as Glasgow Green and on Kibble Palace in the Botanic Gardens (Table 14.19).

New institutions and new buildings

As for new things, two new organisations have been created in Lottery-refurbished premises, Trongate 103 and The Lighthouse in a Mackintosh building. The new buildings are few. Some new workshops and studios have been built, eg for Scottish Opera and RSAMD, but only three significant new buildings have come from Lottery investment, the Platform, the Science Centre and, to be completed in 2011, the exciting Riverside Museum, which will rehouse Glasgow‟s remarkable transport collections.

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Table 14.1 Public revenue funding of culture in Glasgow, by source and domain, 2008/09

GLA Scot a b Total City Govt £m Arts 9 35c 44 Museums 15 - 15 Libraries/archives 14 - 14 Heritage ...... Total [38]d [35] [73]

Source: GCC, CSG (Glasgow Life), Cipfa Scotland. a Includes support costs. b Includes SAC voted funding and non-capital Lottery distributions. c Of which, £22m for NPCs based in Glasgow. d Excludes some £3 million from Glasgow Education Services for instrumental music teaching and arts practitioner programme, and some £204k from Development ad Regeneration Services on creative- industries work.

Table 14.2 National revenue funding of the arts and museums, in Glasgow, Edinburgh and rest of Scotland, by SAC and Scottish government, 2008/09

Rest GLA EDN Total Scot £m Nat perf cos 22a 2 - 24 SAC voted 10 13 19 42 SAC Lttry non-cap 3 3 6 12 Nat museums - 33b - 33 Total 35 51 25 111 % distribution 31.5 46.0 22.5 100

Source: Scottish Government, SAC, national museums accounts and plans. a Based in Glasgow City. b Includes various institutions based elsewhere.

Table 14.3 Glasgow City Council, revenue expenditure on culture, 2008/09

£m Arts Theatres/halls 2.8a Arts developmentb 2.9 Grants 3.0c Subtotal 8.7 Museumsde 14.9 Libraries/archivese 14.2 Total 37.8

Source: GCC, CSG (Glasgow Life), Cipfa. a King‟s, Theatre Royal and Royal Concert Halls. b Includes Tramway and CSG arts development team. c Includes RSNO direct grant and City Grants Programme. d Excludes one-off capital grant from revenue; includes £252.6k “heritage”. e Includes central services allocations. f Excludes heritage spend in DRS and £3.0 million spend by GES on music and creative arts services.

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Table 14.4 Glasgow City Council arts grants (from City Grants Programme), by art form and number, 2008/09

£k Number Drama 1,058 29 Dance 209 10 Music 601 27 Visual arts 330 20 Mixed 652 44a Total 2,850 130

Source: CSG (Glasgow Life) analysis. a Includes 24 ethnic minority organisations.

Table 14.5 Culture Sport Glasgow, income and expenditure, 2008/09

£k Income Glasgow CC 69.53 Earneda 15.40 External grants 8.30 Interest & otherb 0.62 Charitable transferc 0.50 Total 94.35 Expenditure Arts & museums 17.70 Libraries/comm halls 18.06 Sport & events 34.28 Social renewal 8.35 Support servicesd 14.31 Total 92.70

Source: Glasgow Life, statutory accounts. a Principally leisure charges. b Includes tax credit. c From CSG‟s subsidiary, CIC. d Comprising financial control (£1.6m), legal, performance, procurement (£1.0m), ICT (£2.2m), HR (£1.9m), marketing (£2.0m), Young Scot (£0.6m), policy, direction, renewal (£1.3m), building maintenance (3.1m), other (£0.6m).

Table 14.6 Glasgow City Council, net public expenditure per head of population on culture, by area, Scotland average comparison, 2008/09

GLA £ Scot GLA as GLA Top a per head avge % of avge Rank authority Sport 35.41 31.07 +14 7 Midlothian Community 10.33 10.00 +3 10 N Ayrshire Parks & open space 51.01 29.25 +74 1 Glasgow Arts 15.74 9.57 +64 2 Edinburgh Museums & heritage 22.01 7.61 +289 1 Glasgow Libraries 19.87 21.73 -9 19 Dundee Archives 0.61 0.45 +36 6 Highlands Tourism 19.27 4.90 +393 1 Glasgow Other 3.32 1.27 +261 3 Fife All 177.60 115.80 +53 1 Glasgow

Source: Cipfa, Cultural Statistics in Scotland 2008-09 Actuals (2009). a Of 29 non-island local authorities.

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Table 14.7 Glasgow City Council, net public expenditure per head of population on culture, by area, Scottish cities comparison, 2008/09

GLA EDN DND ABN

£ per head Sport 35.41 24.90 27.72 37.60 Community 10.33 5.21 12.71 5.53 Parks & open space 51.01 9.90 44.95 22.22 Arts 15.74 16.40 13.19 13.63 Museums & heritage 22.01 5.90 9.86 10.58 Libraries 19.87 24.32 31.94 20.66 Archives 0.61 - 1.35 0.01 Tourism 19.27 9.30 1.02 2.50 Other 3.32 - 3.62 - All 177.60 95.92 146.36 112.73

Total spend (£m) 104 45 21 24 Spend-per-head ranka 1 20 2 7 Population (k) 584 472 142 210

Source: Cipfa, Cultural Statistics in Scotland 2008-09 Actuals (2009). a Of 29 non-island local authorities.

Table 14.8 Public revenue funding of the arts, museums and libraries, in Glasgow, by source, 1997/98 and 2008/09

97/98 08/09 % change £m real termsa Glasgow CCb Arts 8.5 8.7 -24 Museums 9.3 12.6 - Librariesc 11.1 12.2 -18 Totald 28.9 33.5 -14 Scottish govt Nat perf cos 10.8 21.7 +49 SACe 3.7 13.6 +172 Total 14.6 35.3 +79 Total 43.5 68.8 +24

Source: GCSF (1998); GCC, CSG (Glasgow Life), Cipfa, Scottish Government. a RPI index. b Excludes central services allocations and debt charges. c Excludes archives. d Excludes spend on creative-industries support. e Includes voted and Lottery non-capital revenue support; some “exceptional” payments are also included; see Tables 14.17-14.19 for Lottery capital.

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Table 14.9 Glasgow institutions, income by type

Sales Prvte Grant % Producing theatres 96/97 38 2 60 100 08/09a 53 4 43 100 % change +15 +2 -17 Music 96/97 38 2 60 100 08/09 37 11 52 100 % change -1 +9 -8 Opera/ballet (nat) 96/97 29 5 65 100 08/09 16 8 75 100 % change -13 +3 +11 Visual arts 08/09 17 10 73 100 Dance 08/09 16 1 83 100 Receiving theatres 96/97 66 1 33 100 08/09 92 1 7 100 % change +26 - -26 Halls 96/97 70 1 29 100 08/09 71 3 26 100 % change +1 +2 -3 Museums (city) 1996/97 12 2 86 100 2008/09 14 86 100 % change - - -

Source: GCSF(1998), CSG, SAC, statutory accounts, institutions and organisations. a Excluding NTS.

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Table 14.10 Persons (aged 16-74) with cultural occupationsa, Scotland

% 1991 2001 change Glasgow City 2,760 5,318 +93 Outer Glasgow 2,900 5,051 +74 Greater Glasgow 5,660 10,369 +83 Edinburgh 2,560 6,095 +138 Rest of Scotland 8,680 15,069 +74 Scotland 16,900 31,533 +87

Source: Census 1991 (10% sample) and 2001. a See Table 14.16 for definition of cultural occupations; this table excludes the librarians and curators.

Table 14.11 Persons (aged 16-74) in cultural occupations, Greater Glasgow

% 1991 2001 change Actor, dancer, producer, b‟caster 980 2,044 +109 Musician 560 736 +31 Artists, graphic designer 750 1,904 +154 Author, journalist, publicist 1,250 2,662 +113 Photographer, AV operative 590 1,041 +76 Architect 1,170 1,196 +2 Product/clothing designer 360 786 +118 All 5,660 10,369 +83

Librarian 570 645 +13 Curator, conservator, archivist 280 153 -45

Source: Census 1991 (10% sample) and 2001.

Table 14.12 Persons (aged 16-74) with cultural occupations, Glasgow City and Outer Glasgow, 2001

GLA Outer Gtr Self a City GLA GLA empl Actor, entertainer 351 255 606 461 Dancer, choreographer 56 45 101 27 Arts officer/producer/director 289 127 416 187 Broadcasting professional 598 323 921 203 Musician 461 275 736 464 Artist 243 169 412 288 Graphic designer 606 886 1,492 313 Author, writer 286 272 558 352 Journalist 714 637 1,351 338 Public relations officer 374 379 753 68 Photographer & AV operator 464 577 1,041 468 Architect 541 655 1,196 335 Product/clothing designer 335 451 786 330 Total 5,318 5,051 10,369 3,734

Source: Census 2001 (10% sample). a Estimate for Greater Glasgow based on self-employed proportions in cultural occupations in Glasgow City.

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RESOURCES

Table 14.13 Persons (aged 16-74) with cultural occupations, employment status and gender, Glasgow City, 2001

Self Empl Percentages Total M F empl oyee Self Empl M F Actor, entertainer 351 268 83 209 142 76 24 60 40 Dancer, choreographer 56 15 41 22 34 27 73 39 61 Producer, director, officer 289 130 159 163 126 45 55 56 44 Broadcasting professional 598 131 467 296 302 22 78 49 51 Musician 461 289 172 300 161 63 37 65 35 Artist 243 170 73 140 103 70 30 58 42 Graphic designer 606 127 479 421 185 21 79 69 31 Author, writer 286 181 105 152 134 63 37 53 47 Journalist, editor 714 175 539 441 273 25 75 62 38 Publicist, PR worker 374 35 339 134 240 9 91 36 64 Photographer, AV operator 464 210 254 387 77 45 55 83 17 Architect 541 150 391 420 121 28 72 78 22 Product, clothing designer 335 140 195 147 188 42 58 44 56 All 5,318 2,021 3,297 3,232 2,086 38 62 61 39

Librarian 288 6 282 85 203 2 98 30 70 Curator, conservator, archivist 81 7 74 40 41 9 91 50 50

Source: Census 2001 (10% sample).

Table 14.14 Persons (aged 16-74) with cultural occupations, Greater Glasgow, Edinburgh and Scotland, 2001

% of Scot Persons land total

Gtr Scot Gtr ED ED GLA land GLA Actors, dancer, producer, b‟caster 2,044 842 4,903 42 17 Musician 736 351 1,925 38 18 Artists, graphic designer 1,904 1,126 6,490 29 17 Author, journalist, [publicist] 2,662 1,966 8,620 31 23 Photographer, AV operative 1,041 500 3,061 34 16 Architect 1,196 900 3,875 31 23 Product/clothing designer 786 410 2,659 30 15 All 10,369 6,095 31,533 33 19

Librarian 645 338 2,051 31 16 Curator, conservator, archivist 153 314 872 18 36

Source: Census 2001 (10% sample).

Table 14.15 Persons (aged 16-74) with cultural occupationsa, Glasgow City, by industry, 2001

Actr, Artst, Jrnlst, Bdcst, Dsign Arch Librn, musn, writer, editr, photo graph, All -itect curatr dncr dirctr PR A-V prod Agriculture, fishing - 1 - - 3 - 1 5 Manufg, util, const, mining 25 113 380 55 26 247 8 854 Retail, wh‟sale, motors 15 18 22 16 - 59 4 134 Hotel, rest‟nt, trans, finance 42 34 34 62 1 19 2 194 Busnss svcs, real estate 43 171 185 181 484 460 23 1,547 Public administration 6 27 93 17 14 21 24 202 Education 61 55 40 44 3 28 137 268 Health 24 62 64 26 3 7 22 208 Cultural services & others 652 337 234 697 7 90 148 2,165 Total 868 818 1,052 1,098 541 941 369 5,687

Source: Census 2001 (10% sample). a Including librarians and curators.

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RESOURCES

Table 14.16 Correspondence between standard occupational classifications (SOCs) used in 1991 and in 2001 Censuses

SOC SOC 1990 2000 No. No. Occupations 384 3411 Actor, entertainer 3414 Dancer, choreographer 3416 Producer, director, arts officer 3432 Broadcasting professional 385 3415 Musician 381 3415 Artist 3421 Graphic designer 380 3412 Author, writer 3431 Journalist, newspaper editor 3433 Publicist, PR worker 386 3444 Photographer, AV operator 260 2431 Architect 270 2451 Librarian 271 2452 Curator, conservator, archivist

Source: ONS (Office of Population, Censuses and Surveys, General Registrar Office for Scotland), SOC 2000, Volume 2.

Table 14.17 National Lottery, Glasgow, Outer Glasgow and Scotland, value and number of awards, by purpose, 1995-2009

Value of award No of No of % of Scot GLA OGL Scot GLA OGL £million GLA OGL awards awards Arts 87.6 12.20 286.1 30.6 3.2 2,411 1,175 Heritage 94.1 36.90 506.4 18.6 7.3 194 590 Sport 27.5 19.90 145.8 18.9 13.6 228 1,114 Charity 57.4 48.50 330.7 17.4 14.7 1,117 2,576 Hlth/Ed/Env 92.4 87.30 522.0 17.7 16.7 679 2,372 Millennium 111.0 1.20 247.0 44.9 0.5 19 44 Total 470.0 206.09a 2,038.0 23.1 10.1 4,648 7,871

Source: National Lottery. a Of which, £51.1 million North Lanarkshire and £66.8 million South Lanarkshire.

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Table 14.18 Glasgow institutions in performance, visual arts and design, and museums receiving major (£700k+) National Lottery awards, 1995-2009

Award £k a Purpose Date PERFORMANCE Tron Theatre 4,378 1995 Extension & improvement Arches Theatre 3,470 1995 Renovation and refurbishment Univ of Glasgow 900 1995 Conversion Gilmorehill Halls into theatre/cinema Citizens Theatre 885 1995 Rehearsal space and disabled access Glasgow Film Theatre 710 1995 Upgrade and new cinematic equipment RSAMD 2,500 1995 National Opera School facilities Scottish Opera 2,111 1995 New workshop & rehearsal studios Scottish Opera 1,552 1995 Theatre Royal renovation Glasgow CC 2,200 2002 Newbuild cultural campus in Easterhouse (Platform) WASPS 1,733 2004 Briggait redevelopment as arts complex Scottish Ballet 3,825 2007 New offices & rehearsal facilities at Tramway VISUAL ARTS, CENTRES AND DESIGN Centre for Contemp. Art 7,492 1995 Refurbishment to extend perf/exhib areas Tramway 2,300 1995 Redevelopment to allow greater access & new activity The Lighthouse 5,600 1995+ New centre for arch/design in CRM bldg WASPS 1,585 1999 Facilities for artists in Alexandra Parade Glasgow CC 1,500 2006 Conversion to Trongate 103 MUSEUMS Queen‟s Park FC 24,200 1996 Hampden Park refurbishment & Museum of Football University of Glasgow 2,443 1997 Kelvin Gallery in Hunterian Museum Glasgow Science Centre 37,304 1997 New centre for exploration of science Glasgow CC 13,171 2000 Kelvingrove Art Gallery & Museum refurbishment Glasgow CC 1,875 2002 Acquisition CRM furniture Scottish Screen 696 2004 Archive access Glasgow CC 18,140 2005 Riverside Museum Glasgow School of Art 4,619 2005 Mackintosh conservation & access

Source: National Lottery. a Date of first award.

Table 14.19 Historic buildings, vehicles, gardens and urban areas receiving major (£700k+) National Lottery awards, 1995-2009

Award £k Purpose date HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND URBAN ENVIRONMENT Pollokshields Burgh Hall 804 1995 Improved facilities Glasgow Building Pres Trust 1,467 1996 Restoration St Andrew‟s Glasgow Archdiocese 712 1996 Refurbishment St Aloysius GLA Development Agency 1,625 1998 Merchant City Townscape Heritage Initiative 1 East End Partnership 743 1998 Ladywell School work space Motherwell Diocese 1,602 1999 St Benedict‟s repair Four Acres 1,979 2002 Cottier project Glasgow CC 1,455 2005 Parkhead Cross Townscape Heritage Initiative GLA Development Agency 845 2004 Merchant City Townscape Heritage Initiative 2 GLA Development Agency 964 2007 Govan Cross Townscape Heritage Initiative Maryhill Burgh Halls Trust 990 2008 Restoration VEHICLES Clyde Maritime Trust 1,256 1996 Glenlee refurbishment (Clyde-built clipper) Waverley Steam Navigation 6,447 1997+ Refurbishment Waverley paddle Steamer British Waterways (Scotland) 33,815 1977 Reopen Forth & Clyde and Union Canals GARDENS, OPEN SPACES Glasgow CC 2,054 1996 Tolcross Park Glasgow CC 8,821 1997 Glasgow Green Glasgow CC 3,491 2003 Kibble Palace restoration, Botanic Gardens

Source: National Lottery.

106

ORGANISATIONS

15. LISTS OF ORGANISATIONS WITHIN CULTURAL SECTOR

PROFESSIONAL ORGANISATIONS

GLASGOW CITY

Performance

Drama

Producing theatres:  Citizens  Tron  Arches

Producing companies: National:  National Theatre of Scotland (NPC)

Independent companies Regularly funded  Visible Fictionsa (young people)  Vanishing Pointa  Ankura  Mischief La-Basa  Birds of Paradisea (special needs)

Project supportedb:  Creative Therapies  Fire Exit  Fish and Game  Glas(s) Performance  Nick Underwood  Reeling and Writhing  Solar Bear  Sweetscar  Random Accomplice  Tricky Hat  [VAMP]  Vox Motus

Festival  Glasgow International Comedy (unfunded)

Training:  Scottish Youth Theatrea  Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama

Small grantsc:  companies (8d)  youth (3e)  Glasgow repertory (1) a SAC FO or FX and/or CSG “core” 2009/10. b with £10k + grants from SAC and/or CSG 2008/09. c with grants less than £10k 2008/09 d 4 Word, Collusion Theatre, Hearts & Minds, Licketyspit, Nazrul-Burns Centre, Theatre Ansaan, Theatre Modo. e Glasgow Schools Youth Theatre, Linkes (Knightswood Youth Theatre), Toonspeak Youth Theatre.

Note: recent closures include Theatre Babel, Suspect Culture, 9.84.

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RESOURCES

Dance

Producing companies: National:  Scottish Ballet (NPC)

Independent companiesa Regularly funded:  Stammer Productionsa  Indepen-dance (special needs)a  Company Chordelia

Project supportedb:  Visual Statement  Gilmore Productions  Workroom  Water Baby  Spinal Chord

Festival:  New Movesa

Agencies:  Dance Housea

Training:  Scottish Youth Dance (YDance)a  Dance School of Scotland  Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama a SAC, FO or FX 2009/10 and/or CSG “core”. b £10k+ grants 2008/09.

108

RESOURCES

Music

Performing companies: National:  Scottish Opera (NPC)  Royal Scottish National Orchestraa(NPC)  BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra  Scottish Chamber Orchestra (NPC) [Edinburgh based; regular season in Glasgow]a

Independent companies: Regularly funded:  Scottish Ensemblea  Theatre Cryptica  Sounds of Progressa (special needs)

Project supported:  Paragona  Cappella Nova  Glasgow Improvisers

Festivals:  Celtic Connectionsa  Glasgow International Jazza  Scottish International Piano Competition [biennial]  National Association of Youth Orchestras [closed]  Northern Rock [closed]

Agencies:  Scottish Music Informationa  Scottish Piping Centre

Training:  National Youth Orchestra of Scotland  National Youth Choir of Scotland  National Youth Pipe Band  Glasgow Fiddle Workshop  Glasgow Music Service  Youth Music Initiative  Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama

Promoters:  Wellbourne Music  Pollok House  University of Glasgow  Children‟s Classica

Small grants:  world music groups (9)  voluntary/competition (6)  recording companies (2)  popular music promoters (3) a SAC FO or FX and/or CSG „core‟ 2009/10.

Note: recent closures include National Association of Youth Orchestras, Northern Rock.

Note: see Table 2.14 for lists of occasional venues and Table 2.15 for popular music inventory.

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RESOURCES

Performance venues

Theatres Capacity Note

Receiving theatres Theatre Royal 1,541 Scottish Opera & Scottish Ballet base National touring house King‟s Theatre 1,785 Receiving house Pavilion 1,449 Receiving variety theatre

Producing theatres Clyde Auditorium (1999) 2,970 Citizens‟ Theatre 450 Main theatre 100 Circle Studio 50 Stalls Studio Tron Theatre 230 Producing theatre The Arches 104 Multi-arts venue & producing theatre Other perf spaces Theatre Arch (84 end-on, 164 in round), concert/cabaret/club spaces from 60 to 1,800 Halls, arenas

Royal Concert Hall 2,417 Concert Hall 500 Strathclyde Suite City Hall 1,066 C‟cert Hall, BBC SO base and music ed c‟tre Fruitmarket 1,400 Standing/club Hall 4 (SECC)a [10,000] Lomond (SECC) 624 Barrowland 1,900 King Tut‟s Wah Wah Hut 300 O2 Academy (2003) 2,500 O2 ABC (2005) 1,250 ABC1 350 ABC2

Small receiving venues

Mitchell 418 Within library; speech, conference, exhibition Òran Mór 400 Performance 40 Gallery

[Stand Comedy Club 200]

Multi-arts centres

See „centres and others‟ below

Education

James Arnott Theatre 220 Gilmorehill G12; Glasgow Univ Film & TV dept; multi-use Crawfurd 350 Strathclyde University Film, TV, Theatre Department Ramshorn 70 Strathclyde University a Total capacity Halls 1-5 21,875.

Note: closures and change of use include Glasgow Arts Centre, Strathclyde Arts Centre, Maryhill Arts Centre, Concert Hall Broadcasting House, Old Athenaeum, Adelaide‟s, Cottier Theatre, Pearce Institute.

110

RESOURCES

Visual arts

Institutions for contemporary practice:  Street Levela  Glasgow Sculpture Studioa  Transmissiona  Glasgow Print Studioa  NVA (environmental art) a

Studios:  WASPS (three sites) a  Southside Studios  Glasgow Independent Studios and Project Rooms

Special needs:  Project Abilitya  Giant (children)  Art in Hospitals

Events:  Glasgow Internationala  Glasgow Art Fair

Artist groups/collectives:  Finn Collective  Lowsalt  The Market Gallery  SWG3  Washington Garcia

Galleries  Collins Gallery  The Common Guilda

 Compass  Mary Mary  The Modern Institute  Sorcha Dallas

Commissions/exhibitions/residencies/project funds:  Other small grants (9)  Independent artists: grants given by SAC to 56 individuals; cf CSG/SAC joint project

Sector promotion:  Lighthouse (architecture & design)  Cultural Enterprise Office  Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society  Projects include Ganghut, Q Gallery a SAC FO or FX and/or CSG „core‟ 2009/10.

Notes:

Trongate 103 (opened in 2009) houses Glasgow Print Studio, Glasgow Independent Studios, Transmission Gallery, Project Ability, Glasgow Media Access Centre, Sharmanka Kinetic Theatre, Russian Cultural Centre and Street Level Photoworks.

Exhibitions of contemporary work and artists also mounted by the Gallery of Modern Art, Tramway, CCA, Glasgow School of Art, Hunterian Art Gallery.

Community based work in the visual arts takes place at Drumchapel Artworks, Cranhill Arts (photography), Gorbals Art Project and Creative International.

111

RESOURCES

Centres and other domains

Multi-arts

Tramwaya 600 (T1) Multi-purpose (occasional perf use of “gallery" at 1,500); 80; Scottish Ballet rehearsal and workshop) 100 (T4) Platform 220 Ctre for Contemp. Artsa 150 (C4) 74 (C5) Royal Scottish 355 Academy Concert Hall Academy of 344 New Athenaeum Theatre Music & Drama 150 Guinness Room 150 Alexander Gibson Opera Studio 125 Chandler Studio Sc Mask & Puppet Ctrea 85 a SAC FO or FX and/or CSG „core‟ 2009/10.

Literature

Sector bodies  Association of Scottish Literary Studiesa  Gaelic Books Councila

 Playwrights Studio Scotlanda

Small grants  Promotion (6)b  Individuals (4)  Playwrights (11)  Publishers (4)  Exchange/residencies (2)

Events  Aye Write!

Audio-visual

Institutions  Glasgow Film Theatrea Access  Glasgow Media Accessa  Camcorder Guerrillas Creatives  BBC Scotland  STV Group  Glasgow Film Office  Film City a SAC FO or FX and/or CSG „core‟ 2009/10. b Mirrorball, Confab, Lapidus, Variant, Storytelling (2).

112

RESOURCES

Festivals 2009 Performance Days Month

Drama  Glasgow International Comedy (2003) 18 March

Dance  New Moves 27 Feb-Mar

Music  Celtic Connectionsa 18 Jan  Glasgow International Jazz 12 Jun  Scottish International Piano Competition 12 Sept (triennial – next 2010)  [National Association of Youth Orchestras 18 Aug-Sept] (closed)

 [Northern Rock cf New Rhythms for Glasgow]  [Arika 5 Mar]  [Triptych 5 Apr]

 Piping Live (2004) 7 Aug  World Pipe Band Championship 1 Aug

Visual Arts

 Glasgow International (2006) 30 Apr-May  Glasgow Art Fair 4 Apr

Literature

 Aye Write! (2006) 8 Mar

Audio-visual

 Glasgow Film Festival (2005) 10 Feb  Human Rights Film Festival 5 Oct

Heritage

 Doors Open 2 Sept  Festival of Light  Historic Glasgow 1 Sept

Multi-art-form

 Glasgay!a 45 Sept-Nov  West Enda 16 Jan  Merchant City 4 Sept  Glasgow Mela 1 Jun  [Southside Festival (2008) 2 May]  Inspiration Festival (primary) (1998) 12 Oct-Nov a SAC FO and FX and/or CSG „core‟ 2009/10.

113

RESOURCES

Events Days Month  Glasgow River Festival 2 Jul  Glasgow Show 1 Jul  BBC Proms in the Park 1 Sept  Fireworks 1 Nov  Winterfest 72 Nov-Jan  Hogmanay 1 Dec

Other

 Whisky Live (2006, 2007)  Gourmet Glasgow (2006)  BBC Good Food Show (2007)  Carne Exhibition (2006, 2007)  Tour of Britain (2006, 2007)  Sudirman Cup (2007)  UEFA Cup Final (2007)  Scottish Golf Show (2008)

114

RESOURCES

Museums

Glasgow City Council (CSG operated):

Burrell Collection (A) Gallery of Modern Art (A) Kelvingrove Art Gallery & Museum (A) Martyr‟s School [check registration] [closed] McLellan Galleries (closed) Museum of Transport (A) People‟s Palace & Winter Gardens (A) Pollok House (owned by GCC, operated by NTS) (R) Provand‟s Lordship(A) St Mungo Museum of Religious Life & Art (A) Scotland Street School Museum (A) Glasgow Museums Resource Centre

Fossil Grove (site of special scientific interest) within Victoria Park

Other accredited registered museums:

Glasgow School of Art (A) Heatherbank Museum of Social Work (Glasgow Caledonian University) (R) Hunterian Art Gallery (University of Glasgow) (A) Hunterian Museum (University of Glasgow) (A) Royal Highland Fusiliers Regimental Museum (A) Scottish Football Museum (Hampden Park) (A) Tall Ship at Glasgow Harbour (Clyde Maritime Trust)

Unregistered museums (members of Museums & Galleries Scotland):

[Bridgeton Bus Garage (social regeneration project)] Glasgow Police Museum Museum of Piping (partnership between National Piping Centre and National Museums Scotland)

Source: MLA, Museums & Galleries Scotland, Museums Association Yearbook.

Note:  also in membership of M&GS: Glasgow Print Studio, Scottish/Jewish Archive Centre, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow Women‟s Library (& Archive);  also listed in Museums Yearbook 2009: Collins Gallery, Glasgow Botanic Gardens, Glasgow Science Centre, University of Glasgow Archive, The Lighthouse, Tenement House (NTS).

115

RESOURCES

Historic propertiesa

Holmwood House (NTS) House for an Art Lover Hutcheson Hall (NTS) (closed) The Lighthouseb Mackintosh House (a registered museum within Hunterian Art Gallery)b Queen‟s Cross Church (CRMS)b Tenement House (NTS) Trades Hall

Glasgow School of Art (also under registered museum and a working art school funded by SHEFC) Scotland Street School (also registered museum)b Martyr‟s School (also registered museum) (closed)b Pollok House (also registered museum) Provands Lordship (also registered museum)

Glasgow Cathedral

Historic gardens and designed landscapesc

Glasgow Botanic Gardens (GCC) Kelvingrove Park Glasgow Necropolis Pollok Park Victoria Park

Source: Historic Scotland.

Heritage support agencies

Development & Regeneration Services of Glasgow City Council Glasgow Building Preservation Trust Glasgow City Heritage Trust Civic Trust for Scotland Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society

Heritage operators

National Trust Scotland (Edinburgh Office) Historic Scotland (South West area) (Edinburgh Office)

Heritage events

Doors Open Day (Civic Trust) Festival of Light (2006, 2008) a Mackintosh‟s Hill House, Helensburgh, is in Argyll & Bute, outwith Greater Glasgow. b Mackintosh property. c Glasgow has five entries, Outer Glasgow 14, Ayrshire and Argyll& Bute 48, Scotland as a whole e. 386.

116

RESOURCES

Support organisations

Domain specialist Dance House Scottish Music Information Centre Scottish Piping Centre Association of Scottish Literary Studies Gaelic Books Council Playwrights Scotland Glasgow Building Preservation Trust Glasgow City Heritage Trust Civic Trust of Scotland Charles Rennie Mackintosh Society

Arts support CSG, including arts development and events unit Glasgow Grows Audiences Creative Scotland (Glasgow office general)

International Goethe Institute Alliance Française

Creatives Creative Scotland (screen/digital office; Glasgow) Glasgow Film Office Film City (not funded) Cultural Enterprise Office

117

RESOURCES

HERITAGE

OUTER GLASGOW

Museums

Registered/accredited Governing body West Dunbartonshire: Clydebank Museum, Clydebank (A) LA Denny Ship Model Test Tank Museum, Dumbarton (A) Scottish Maritime Museum East Dunbartonshire: Auld Kirk Museum, Kirkintilloch (A) LA Lillie Art Gallery, Milngavie (A) LA North Lanarkshire: Summerlee Heritage Park, Coatbridge (A) LA Cumbernauld Museum, Cumbernauld (A) LA Colzium Museum, Kilsyth (A) LA Kilsyth Heritage Museum, Kilsyth (A) LA Motherwell Heritage Centre, Motherwell (A) LA South Lanarkshire: Gladstone Court, Biggar (R)a Biggar Museum Trust Greenhill House, Biggar (R)a “ Moat Park Heritage Centre, Biggar (R)a “ Crawfordjohn Heritage Venture, Crawfordjohn (R) Trust Douglas Heritage Museum, Douglas (R)a Trust National Museum of Rural Life, East Kilbride National Museum of Scotland Hunter House Museum, East Kilbride (A) Museum of S Lanarkshire John Hastie Museum, Strathaven (A) “ Low Parks Museum (inc Cameronian Reg‟tl Mus), Hamilton (A) “ Lanark Museum, Lanark (R)a Trust Renfrewshire: Clydebuilt Museum, Braehead (A) Scottish Maritime Museum Renfrew Community Museum, Renfrew (A) LA East Renfrewshire: Paisley Museum & Art Gallery (inc Coats Observatory) (A) LA

Unregistered museums (members of M&GS): West Dunbartonshire: .. East Dunbartonshire: .. North Lanarkshire: Lenzie Mill Archive Centre, Cumbernauld .. South Lanarkshire: Gasworks Museum, Biggara Biggar Museum Trust John Buchan Museum, Biggara “ New Lanark Visitor Centre, New Lanark Savray Miller Museum Trust David Livingston Centre, Blantyre NTS Renfrewshire: Weaver‟s Cottage, Kilbarchan NTS Dolly Mixture, Langbank n/a Lochwinnoch Community Museum, Lochwinnoch Trust East Renfrewshire: Paisley Thread Mill Museum a Added to Outer Glasgow through boundary change in 1997.

Historic properties

West Dunbartonshire Geilston Gardens, Dumbarton (NTS) East Dunbartonshire - North Lanarkshire Weaver‟s Cottage, Airdrie (LA)

118

RESOURCES

South Lanarkshire Bothwell Castle (Historic Scotland) Hamilton Mausoleum (LA) Chatelherault Hunting Lodge, Hamilton East Renfrewshire Paisley Abbey Renfrewshire Weaver‟s Cottage, Kilbrachan (NTS)

Historic gardens and designed landscapes:

West Dunbartonshire: Balloch Castle Overtoun House Ross Priory East Dunbartonshire: - North Lanarkshire: Allanton South Lanarkshire: Chatelherault Dalzell House Hamilton Palace Lee Castle Scot‟s Mining company House Falls of Clyde (with Core House, Bonnington Estate and Braxfield) East Renfrewshire: Greenbank (NTS) Renfrewshire: Formakin Rouken Glen Park

119

RESOURCES

VOLUNTARY ORGANISATIONS

GREATER GLASGOW

Note: excludes activities of national youth training organisations, the work of Glasgow Educational Services, RSAMD and school groups; these are variously covered elsewhere in the digest.

Amdram and operatics

West Drumchapel Parish Church Glasgow Light Opera Glasgow Operating Theatre LyricPantheon Runway Strathclyde Theatre Group Theatre Guild

North Minerva

South West Giffnock Mosspark

South East Apollo Players Carmunnock Community Citizens Comm. Co. Orpheus

East Platform Adult

Outer Glasgow Antonine Theatre Apex Players Clydebank Musical Dalziell Eaglesham Music & Drama East Kilbride Operatic East Kilbride Rep East Kilbride G&S Eastwood Entertainer Elderslie Players Gilbert & Sullivan Plus Hamilton Operatic & Drama Kirkintilloch Players Kilmardinny Players Lanarkshire Little Theatre Mopac Motherwell & Wishaw Operative New Victory Paisley M and Operatic Ruthglen Rep. St Paul‟s Church Starlight Theatre South

Black and ethnic minority arts organisations

West Central Gurdwara Singh Sabha Glasgow Chinese School Glasgow Punjabi Sahit Sabha

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RESOURCES

Guru Tegh Bahadur Gurdwara Hindhu Mandir & Cultural Sabha Mel-Milaap Centre San Jai Chinese Project

North Kurdish Cultural Association Pan-African Arts

South West Guru Granth Sahib Sikh Sabha Guru Ravidas Samaj Sudhar Sabha Pakistani Women‟s Welfare Association

South East Muslim Council of Scotland Scottish Academy of Asian Arts

East -

Glasgow (no location) Glasgow Oriental Dancing Association Glasgow Hong Lok Dragon and Lion Dancing Troupe Hellenic Youth Group

Outer Glasgow The Bangya Sanskritik Parishad Centre for Bengali Culture Gujarati Association of Scotland

Youth theatre

West Arches Drumchapel Ico Ico Knightswood RSAMD RU International Scottish Opera Tron

North Maryhill Minerva Northern Rock Ruchill Toonspeak

South West Blast (BBC) Plantation Prod (Film)

South East Castlemilk Glasgow Schools Youth Theatre Kids@Citzs Teens@Citzs

East Impact Platform Drama

Outer Glasgow n/a

121

RESOURCES

Choirs (excludes small vocal ensembles), by rehearsal base

West City of Glasgow Chorus Glasgow Cathedral Choral Society Glasgow Chamber Choir Glasgow Lyric Choir Glasgow Philharmonic Choir Glasgow Youth Choir Glasgow University Choral Society Gaelic Music Society Kedron Singers Merchant Voices RSNO Chorus RSNO Junior Chorus Strathclyde University Music Society

North Westerton Male Voice

South West Glasgow Jewish Glasgow Phoenix Choir Govan Gaelic

South East Glasgow Male Voice Choir

East -

Outer Glasgow Barrhead Philharmonic Bearsden Choir Clydebank Male Voice Cumbernauld Choir Eastwood Choral Society Gleniffer Singers Kelvin Choir Kilbarchan Singers Kirkintilloch Ladies Kirkintilloch Male Voice Milngavie Paisley Choir Russian Choir Eastwood Stonechase Choir Stratheven Choir Thomas Coats Memorial Williamwood Parish Church

Amateur orchestras

West Glasgow Chamber Orchestra Glasgow Orchestral Society Glasgow Senior Citizens Glasgow Sinfonia Glasgow Symphony Orchestra Kelvin Ensemble

North -

South West -

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RESOURCES

South East -

East -

Outer Glasgow Blantyre Orchestra Paisley Orchestra St James‟s Paisley (City of Glasgow Philharmonic)

Music clubs

West Glasgow University Westbourne

North - South West Pollok

South East - East - Outer Glasgow [Helensburgh] Kilmardinny Milngavie Motherwell

Brass/silver(/wind/fiddle/flute) bands

West Caledonian Fiddle Glasgow Wind YMCA Wind

North - South West Glasgow Flute Govan Citadel

South East CWS Kings Park

East -

Outer Barrhead Bearsden Fiddle Campbeltown Carluke Primrose Flute Coalburn Clydebank Burgh Dikehead Flute Eastfield/Harthill Flute Greenwood Academy Gryffe Valley Irvine & Dreghon Johnstone Kirkintilloch

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RESOURCES

Kirkintilloch Kelvin Larkhill Flute Monklands Renfrew Burgh Rutherglen Citadel St Patrick‟s Parish

Piping

West Knightswood Strathclyde Police

North -

South West Kinning Park

South East St Francis

East -

Outer Glasgow 128 Boys Brigade Biggar Royal British Legion Dumbarton & District East Kilbride First Houston Johnstone Kylsyth Thistle Milngavie South Lanarkshire Stamperland Strathclyde Fire Brigade Uddington Strathclyde Williamwood

Dance

West Academia de Salsa Ashanti [Blaze] Carrie McElhinney Christine Hinshelwood Dance with Attitude Dancehouse Elizabeth Henderson Glasgow University Country Dance Kelvinhall Tea Natalie Gallagher Linda Lowrie Lindella Lynne Millar Pippa Gardener Ready To St Andrew‟s Ceilidh St Peter‟s Dance Strictly Salsa Urban E-Motion

124

RESOURCES

North Belly Dancing Dancehouse Hemingway Highland High Klass Milton Morrison Troupe Assembly St Matthew‟s Springburn Line Wellington Country Dance

South West Angela Mills Carol Curran Dance UK Eden Freestyle Helen Clark High Klass Ibrox Invercraigh

South East Castlemilk CAZM Cazmic Cowan Dance Factory Karen Watson Lesley Miller Lillian McNeil Razzamataz Scottish Ballet Scottish Youth Scottish Academy of Asian Art T & T

East Dance Factory Garrowhill Kinning Belly Pageot Samantha Brisbane Scottish Academy of Asian Art Springfield Rock Vicki Ventisi

Outer Alexis Scott Ballroom Basics Bishopriggs Country Central Scotland Ceroc Scotland Dance UK Dance Foundation Danceline Dazzle Donna Broadfoot Glenburn Country Fiona Alexander Footloose Kultyer Dance Laura McIntyre Linzi Doherty Performers Rock in Rhythm Royal Scottish Country Dancing

125

RESOURCES

Sandra Harrington Starlight The Stand Twenty Social Jive Western Scottish Country

Heritage and history

See Table 10.5

Art clubs

West Dennistoun Knightswood

North St Teresa

South West Kinning Park Mosspark Church Pollok St Margaret Whitefield Road

South East Castlemilk Cathcart Trinity Kings Park Church

East -

Outer Glasgow n/a

Sources: NODA, Amdram, CSG and local informants, National Association of Youth Theatre, Making (Enterprise) Music Scotland, Scottish Brass Band Association (Scotland total 67: youth bands 39; seemingly, nil in Glasgow), Scottish Pipe Bands (Scotland total 41); various Web listings and local informants.

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