Meeting the Standard in Ohio

Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

KINDERGARTEN Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Phonemic Identify and complete rhyming words The alphabet verses in Merriam-Webster’s Alphabet Book Awareness, Word and patterns. and Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary offer Recognition and opportunities for students to hear and predict rhyming Fluency: 2 words.

Phonemic Distinguish and name all uppercase Merriam-Webster’s Alphabet Book and Merriam-Webster’s Awareness, Word and lowercase letters. Primary Dictionary offer full-page illustrations showing the Recognition and shapes of both capital and lowercase letters. Fluency: 4 Phonemic Recognize, say, and write the common Merriam- Webster’s Alphabet Book and Merriam- Webster’s Awareness, Word sounds of letters. Primary Dictionary offer poems and illustrations to describe Recognition and and demonstrate the sound-letter correspondences of each Fluency: 5 letter of the alphabet.

Phonemic Hear and say the separate phonemes The rhymes in Merriam- Webster’s Alphabet Book and Awareness, Word in words, such as identifying the initial Merriam- Webster’s Primary Dictionary introduce students Recognition and consonant sound in a word, and blend to a variety of words that begin with the same letter. Fluency: 7 phonemes to say words.

Phonemic Reread stories independently or as a Students will enjoy rereading the alphabet rhymes in Awareness, Word group, modeling patterns of changes Merriam- Webster’s Alphabet Book and Merriam- Recognition and in timing, voice, and expression. Webster’s Primary Dictionary. In addition, Merriam- Fluency: 9 Webster’s Primary Dictionary includes many short passages designed for group or independent reading at varied reading levels.

Acquisition of Understand new words from the Merriam- Webster’s Primary Dictionary introduces words Vocabulary: 1 context of conversations or from the by placing them in a meaningful context, including use of pictures within the text. surrounding text and pictorial illustrations.

Acquisition of Determine the meaning of unknown Merriam- Webster’s Primary Dictionary, written especially Vocabulary: 4 words, with assistance, using a for children in grades K-2, has definitions in the form of beginner’s dictionary. explanations written in a way that is easy for young children to understand.

Reading Use pictures and illustrations to aid Merriam- Webster’s Primary Dictionary uses illustrations to Applications: comprehension. help students understand concepts. Informational, Technical, and Persuasive Text: 1

Writing Use resources (e.g., a word wall) to Merriam- Webster’s Primary Dictionary shows entry words Processes: 8 enhance vocabulary. in bold print not just once, but several times at each entry.

Communication: Recite short poems, songs, and Merriam- Webster’s Primary Dictionary offers short poems Oral and Visual: 6 nursery rhymes. and nursery rhymes. Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE ONE Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Phonemic Identify and distinguish between Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary is a grade-level- Awareness, Word letters, words, and sentences. appropriate dictionary that helps students identify alphabet Recognition and letters, words, and short sentences. Fluency: 1

Phonemic Identify and say the beginning and The rhymes in Merriam- Webster’s Alphabet Book and Awareness, Word ending sounds in words. Merriam- Webster’s Primary Dictionary use words that have Recognition and the featured letter sounds not only at the beginning, but in Fluency: 2 the middle or end of a word as well. Phonemic Demonstrate an understanding of The alphabet rhymes in Merriam- Webster’s Alphabet Book Awareness, Word letter-sound correspondence by saying and in Merriam- Webster’s Primary Dictionary use featured Recognition and the sounds from all letters and from consonants in blends and digraphs, and give short and long Fluency: 3 a variety of letter patterns, such as sounds of featured vowels. consonant blends and long- and short-vowel patterns.

Phonemic Add, delete, or change sounds in a Merriam-Webster’s Alphabet Book and Merriam-Webster’s Awareness, Word given word to create new or rhyming Primary Dictionary introduce students to words that begin Recognition and words. with the same letter and end differently, and words that Fluency: 7 begin with a different letter and end the same (including rhyming words), plus other variations.

Acquisition of Use knowledge of word order and Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary offers students a Vocabulary: 1 in-sentence context clues to support variety of interesting reading material with opportunities word identification and to define to understand unfamiliar words from context. unknown words while reading.

Acquisition of Identify words that have similar Many entries in Merriam- Webster’s Primary Dictionary in - Vocabulary: 2 meanings (synonyms) and words that clude information about synonyms and antonyms. have opposite meanings (antonyms).

Acquisition of Recognize that words can sound alike Merriam- Webster’s Primary Dictionary introduces students Vocabulary: 5 but have different meanings (e.g., to the concept of homophones by means of wordplay, homophones such as hair and hare ). riddles, and puns.

Acquisition of Predict the meaning of compound Many entries in Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary Vocabulary: 6 words using knowledge of individual show examples of compound words built from entry words. words (e.g., daydream, raindrop ).

Acquisition of Read root words and their inflectional Many entries in Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary Vocabulary: 8 endings (e.g., walk, walked, walking ). incorporate inflected forms into the explanation of the word or into example sentences.

Acquisition of Determine the meaning of unknown Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary, written especially Vocabulary: 9 words using a beginner’s dictionary. for children in grades K –2, has definitions and explanations written in an easy-to-understand style.

continued ¯ Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE ONE, continued Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Reading Use title page, photographs, Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary features Applications: captions, and illustrations (text illustrations and introduces icons, shading, bold face and Informational, features) to develop comprehension italic print, and other text features to aid students. Technical, and of informational texts. Persuasive Text: 1 Writing Use resources (e.g., a word wall, Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary introduces young Processes: 11 beginner’s dictionary, word bank) to students to almost 3,000 words using nearly 1,000 select effective vocabulary. entries.

Writing Proofread writing to improve Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary includes a special Processes: 12 conventions (e.g., grammar, spelling, spelling help section within the book to help students punctuation, and capitalization). master the spelling of commonly used words.

Writing Write simple stories with a beginning, Many entries in Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary Applications: 1 middle, and end that include offer alternative and related words to help students with descriptive words and details. word choices. Writing Spell high-frequency words correctly. Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary includes a special Conventions: 3 spelling help section within the book to help students master the spelling of high-frequency words.

Writing Use correct capitalization (e.g., the Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary shows entry words Conventions: 7 first word in a sentence, names, and in a variety of contexts (as at the beginning of sentences the pronoun I ). or as part of a name) so students can see the capitalization processes in action.

Writing Use nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary introduces students Conventions: 8 to the concept of parts of speech; entries are labeled as nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc., and many entries show and explain the entry word as more than one part of speech. Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE TWO Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Phonemic Identify rhyming words with the The alphabet rhymes in Merriam-Webster’s Alphabet Book Awareness, Word same or different spelling patterns. and in Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary use rhyming Recognition and words that have varied spelling patterns. Fluency: 1 Phonemic Segment letter, letter blends, and The rhymes in Merriam-Webster’s Alphabet Book and Awareness, Word syllable sounds in words. Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary use featured Recognition and consonants in blends and digraphs. Fluency: 5 Phonemic Read text using fluid and automatic Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary contains the tools, Awareness, Word decoding skills. including letters of the alphabet, phonics, and word building, Recognition and to help build students’ decoding skills. Fluency: 9 Acquisition of Identify words that have similar Many entries in Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary in - Vocabulary: 2 meanings (synonyms) and words that clude information about synonyms and antonyms. have opposite meanings (antonyms).

Acquisition of Read homographs aloud correctly, Explanations in Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary intro - Vocabulary: 5 adjusting sounds to fit meaning, duce students to the concept of homographs. Many entries and use words in context. present, explain, and use words as more than one part of speech.

Acquisition of Determine the meaning of common Many entries in Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary show Vocabulary: 6 compound words (e.g., lunchroom, examples of compound words built from entry words. baseball ) by explaining the relationship between the words contained in the compound. Acquisition of Determine the meaning of prefixes, Many entries in Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary use Vocabulary: 8 including un-, re-, pre-, and suffixes, suffixed forms of the entry word in context to help familiarize including -er, -est, -ful, -less. students with the meaning of prefixes and suffixes. Prefixed forms are shown at some entries. Merriam- Webster’s Elemen - tary Dictionary includes entries and definitions for prefixes and suffixes.

Acquisition of Use root words (e.g., smile ) and Many entries in Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary Vocabulary: 9 their various inflections (e.g., smiles, incorporate inflected forms into the explanation of the word smiling, smiled ) to determine the or into example sentences. meaning of words.

Acquisition of Determine the meaning and Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary , written especially Vocabulary: 10 pronunciations of unknown words for children in grades K –2, has definitions in the form of using a beginner’s dictionary, explanations written in a way that is easy for young children glossaries, and technology. to understand. Students might also use Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary, with its more formal definitions and simplified pronunciation symbols, written especially for young students. Nearly 1,300 quotations from works of classic and modern children’s literature show how words are used and enliven entries. continued ¯ Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE TWO, continued Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Writing Use resources (e.g., word wall, Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary introduces young Processes: 12 beginner’s dictionary, and word bank) students to almost 3,000 words using nearly 1,000 entries to select effective vocabulary. in an easy-to-use format. Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary, a more traditional dictionary for young stu - dents, has more than 36,000 words.

Writing Proofread writing to improve Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary includes a special Processes: 13 conventions (e.g., grammar, spelling, spelling help section within the book to help students punctuation, and capitalization). master the spelling of commonly used words.

Writing Spell regularly used and Conventions: 3 high-frequency words correctly.

Writing Spell plurals and verb tenses correctly. Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary shows correct Conventions: 5 spelling of all plurals and verb forms at entries for words that require adding more than -s, -ed, or -ing. Writing Use correct capitalization (e.g., proper Merriam-Webster's Elementary Dictionary includes a Conventions: 11 nouns, the first word in a sentence, "Guide for Writers” that introduces and describes months and days). capitalization rules.

Writing Use nouns, verbs, and adjectives Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary introduces students Conventions: 12 correctly. to the concept of parts of speech; entries are labeled as nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc., and many entries show and explain the entry word as more than one part of speech. Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE THREE Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Phonemic Identify rhyming words with the Students will enjoy reading the alphabet rhymes in Awareness, Word same or different spelling patterns. Merriam-Webster’s Primary Dictionary and will learn new Recognition and words and rhyming patterns from them. Fluency: 1 Acquisition of Use context clues to determine When in doubt, students can look up homophones and Vocabulary: 2 the meaning of homophones, homonyms in Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary, homonyms, and homographs. which also has separate numbered entries for homographs.

Acquisition of Apply the meaning of the terms Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary introduces Vocabulary: 3 synonyms and antonyms. students to shades of difference among hundreds of synonyms in synonym paragraphs that discriminate among close synonyms and show examples of the words used in context.

Acquisition of Use knowledge of contractions and Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary has entries Vocabulary: 6 common abbreviations to identify for contractions and abbreviations. whole words.

Acquisition of Apply knowledge of prefixes, Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary includes entries Vocabulary: 7 including un-, re-, pre-, and suffixes, and definitions for prefixes and suffixes, as well as entries for including -er, -est, -ful, and -less to many prefixed and suffixed words. determine meaning of words.

Acquisition of Determine the meanings and Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary is written for Vocabulary: 9 pronunciations of unknown words students in grades 3-5. Students can explore dictionary by using dictionaries, glossaries, features, including pronunciation symbols, in Merriam- technology, and textual features, Webster’s How to Use Your Dictionary. Students can also such as definitional footnotes or look up words online in the free dictionary at Word Central sidebars. (WordCentral.com), Merriam-Webster’s Web site designed for young students.

Writing Use resources and reference Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary has over 36,000 Processes: 13 materials, including dictionaries, to vocabulary entries with lots of usage examples written in select more effective vocabulary. grade-level-appropriate language. Nearly 1,300 quotations from classic and modern works of children’s literature show how words are used and enliven entries.

Writing Proofread writing and edit to Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary can serve as a Processes: 14 improve conventions (e.g., grammar, reliable source of information to help students proofread spelling, punctuation, and and edit for spelling, grammar, and other conventions of the capitalization) and identify and language. A "Guide for Writers" section describes and explains correct fragments and run-ons. the use of punctuation marks, formation of plurals, and rules for capitalization.

Writing Write stories that sequence events Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary can help students Applications: 1 and include descriptive details and choose words to make their writing more vivid. It includes over vivid language to develop characters, 100 synonym paragraphs that explain how closely related setting, and plot. words differ slightly in meaning.

Writing Spell contractions, compounds, and Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary includes entries Conventions: 4 homonyms (e.g., hair and hare ) for contractions, compounds, and homonyms to help students correctly. with spelling. continued ¯ Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE THREE, continued Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Writing Use correct spelling of words with Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary shows correct Conventions: 5 common suffixes such as -ion, -ment, spellings for derived forms at the entries for the base forms. and -ly.

Writing Follow common spelling Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary gives spellings Conventions: 6 generalizations (e.g., consonant of all inflected forms that are formed in ways other than by doubling, dropping e, and changing simply adding a suffix, such as by consonant doubling, y to i). dropping e, or changing y to i.

Writing Use resources to check spelling (e.g., The more than 36,000 entries in Merriam-Webster’s Conventions: 7 a dictionary, spell checker). Elementary Dictionary can assist with spelling dilemmas.

Writing Use correct capitalization. Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary includes a Conventions: 10 "Guide for Writers" section that introduces, explains, and illustrates the basic rules of capitalization.

Writing Use nouns, verbs, and adjectives Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary gives helpful Conventions: 11 correctly. usage examples within definitions to help students use words correctly. Numbered entries for homographs help students identify uses for different parts of speech.

Writing Use irregular plural nouns. Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary shows all Conventions: 13 irregular plurals of nouns. Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE FOUR Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Acquisition of Use context clues to determine the Students can verify meaning by looking up synonyms, Vocabulary: 2 meaning of synonyms, antonyms, antonyms, homophones, and homonyms in Merriam- homophones, homonyms, and ho - Webster’s Elementary Dictionary. mographs.

Acquisition of Recognize the difference between Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary includes more Vocabulary: 3 the meanings of connotation and than 100 synonym paragraphs that discuss differences in denotation. connotation, denotation, and application among closely related words. The Using Your Dictionary section at the front Acquisition of Identify and apply the meaning of of the book explains homographs and homophones. Vocabulary: 4 the terms synonym, antonym, homophone, and homograph.

Acquisition of Identify word origins to determine Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary has 250 word Vocabulary: 6 the meaning of unknown words and history paragraphs that discuss word origins. phrases.

Acquisition of Identify the meanings of prefixes, Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary includes entries Vocabulary: 7 suffixes, and roots and their various and definitions for prefixes and suffixes, as well as entries for forms to determine the meanings of many prefixed and suffixed words. Word Root paragraphs words. throughout the dictionary introduce students to Greek and Latin roots and show how English words are formed.

Acquisition of Identify the meanings of Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary has entries for Vocabulary: 8 abbreviations. abbreviations.

Acquisition of Determine the meanings and Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary is a 36,000-word Vocabulary: 9 pronunciations of unknown words dictionary specially written for students in grades 3 –5. by using dictionaries, glossaries, Nearly 1,300 quotations from works of classic and modern technology, and textual features, children’s literature show how words are used and enliven such as definitional footnotes or entries. Students can learn more about its features with sidebars. Merriam-Webster’s How to Use Your Dictionary. Students can also look up words online in the free dictionary at Word Central (WordCentral.com), Merriam-Webster’s Web site designed for children.

Reading Identify figurative language in literary Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary includes entries Applications: works, including idioms, similes, and for literary terms, and gives examples. It also has entries and Literary Text: 8 metaphors. meanings for phrases and idioms.

Writing Use resources and reference Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary has over 36,000 Processes: 13 materials, including dictionaries, to vocabulary entries with many usage examples written in select more effective vocabulary. grade-level-appropriate language.

Writing Proofread writing and edit to Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary can serve as a Processes: 14 improve conventions (e.g., grammar, reliable source of information to help students proofread and spelling, punctuation, and edit for spelling, grammar, and other conventions of the capitalization) and identify and language. A "Guide for Writers" section introduces and correct fragments and run-ons. explains punctuation marks, formation of plurals, and rules for capitalization. continued ¯ Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE FOUR, continued Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Writing Write narratives that sequence Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary can help stu - Applications: 1 events, including descriptive details dents select words to make their writing more vivid. It in - and vivid language to develop plot, cludes over 100 synonym paragraphs that show how characters, and setting and to estab - closely related words differ slightly in meaning. lish a point of view.

Writing Spell plurals and inflectional endings Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary gives spellings Conventions: 3 correctly. of all inflected forms that are formed in ways other than by simply adding a suffix.

Writing Spell roots, suffixes, and prefixes Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary contains entries Conventions: 4 correctly. for prefixes and suffixes, and for many prefixed words. It includes derived forms made with suffixes at the entry for the base form. Word Root paragraphs throughout the dictionary introduce students to Greek and Latin roots and show how English words are formed.

Writing Use commas, end marks, Merriam-Webster's Elementary Dictionary includes a Conventions: 5 apostrophes, and quotation marks "Guide for Writers" section that introduces and explains the correctly. use of punctuation marks, formation of plurals, and rules for capitalization. Writing Use correct capitalization. Conventions: 6

Writing Use various parts of speech such as Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary gives usage Conventions: 7 nouns, pronouns, and verbs (e.g., examples within definitions of nouns, pronouns, and verbs regular and irregular, past, present, to help students use words correctly. Homographs are given and future). separate entries, so students can identify different parts of speech. Irregular forms are supplied at verb entries.

Writing Use conjunctions and interjections. Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary has usage Conventions: 8 examples at entries for conjunctions and interjections to help students use them correctly.

Writing Use adverbs. Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary offers many Conventions: 9 adverbs as main entries with definitions and usage examples and as derived forms at adjective entries.

Writing Use prepositions and prepositional Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary gives usage Conventions: 10 phrases. examples at entries for prepositions to help students use them correctly.

Writing Use irregular plural nouns. Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary shows all Conventions: 13 irregular plurals of nouns.

Communication: Deliver informational presentations Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary helps students Oral and Visual: 8b that demonstrate an understanding understand the words they encounter and can help with of the topic. correct pronunciations for presentations. The free student dictionary at Merriam-Webster’s Word Central (WordCentral.com) offers audio pronunciations. Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE FIVE Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Acquisition of Use context clues to determine the Students can verify the meaning of synonyms, antonyms, Vocabulary: 2 meaning of synonyms, antonyms, homophones, and homonyms in Merriam-Webster’s homophones, homonyms, and Elementary Dictionary, and, for more advanced students, in homographs. Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary.

Acquisition of Identify the connotation and Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary includes more Vocabulary: 3 denotation of words. than 100 synonym paragraphs that show differences in connotation, denotation, and application among synonyms. For more advanced students, Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary includes more than 200 synonym paragraphs. Acquisition of Use word origins to determine the Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary has nearly 250 Vocabulary: 5 meaning of unknown words and word history paragraphs that discuss word origins. Merriam- phrases. Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary includes thousands of entries with etymologies, many of them showing the source language for words borrowed into English. It features nearly 300 expanded word history paragraphs that tell the story behind a word’s adoption into English.

Acquisition of Apply the knowledge of prefixes, Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary includes entries Vocabulary: 6 suffixes, and roots and their various and definitions for prefixes and suffixes, as well as entries for inflections to analyze the meanings many prefixed and suffixed words. Word Root paragraphs of words. throughout the dictionary introduce students to Greek and Latin roots and show how English words are formed. Merriam- Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary includes entries and explanations for prefixes and suffixes.

Acquisition of Identify the meanings of Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary and Merriam- Vocabulary: 7 abbreviations. Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary have entries for abbreviations.

Acquisition of Determine the meanings and Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary is a 36,000-word Vocabulary: 8 pronunciations of unknown words dictionary designed for students in grades 3 –5. Nearly 1,300 by using dictionaries, glossaries, quotations from classic and modern works of children’s technology, and textual features, literature show how words are used and enliven entries. such as definitional footnotes or Students can learn about its features in Merriam-Webster’s sidebars. How to Use Your Dictionary. Students may also use Merriam- Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary, a slightly more advanced dictionary with 70,000 entries. They can also look up words in the free dictionary at Word Central (WordCentral.com), Merriam-Webster’s Web site for students.

Reading Analyze information found in maps, Students will find full-color maps, charts, and graphs in Applications: charts, tables, graphs, and diagrams. Merriam-Webster’s Student Atlas, especially designed for Informational, students in grades 5 and up. Technical and Persuasive Text: 5

Reading Identify and explain the use of Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary and Merriam- Applications: figurative language in literary works, Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary have entries and meanings Literary Text: 8 including idioms, similes, hyperboles, for hundreds of phrases, idioms, and figurative uses of metaphors, and personification. language. continued ¯ Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE FIVE, continued Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Writing Use resources and reference materials Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary, with Processes: 14 (e.g., dictionaries and thesauruses) to over 36,000 vocabulary entries, offers a rich source of select more effective vocabulary. vocabulary. Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Thesaurus is a handy source of synonyms, antonyms, and related words. Some students may use Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Thesaurus, based on vocabulary from Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary. Students can learn about the features of a thesaurus in Merriam-Webster’s How to Use Your Dictionary.

Writing Proofread writing, edit to improve Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary can serve as a Processes: 15 conventions (e.g., grammar, spelling, reliable source of information to help students proofread punctuation, and capitalization), and and edit for spelling, grammar, and other conventions of identify and correct fragments and the language. A “Guide for Writers” section introduces and run-ons. explains the use of punctuation marks, formation of plurals, and rules for capitalization. More advanced students may Writing Produce informal writings (e.g., prefer to use Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary Applications: 5 journals, notes, and poems) for in their proofreading to check spelling, punctuation, and various purposes. grammar, along with its “Handbook of Style” section for advice on punctuation and styling conventions. Students who try their hand at poetry will enjoy using Merriam- Webster’s Rhyming Dictionary or Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Rhyming Dictionary with alphabetical listings of rhyming sounds.

Writing Spell contractions correctly. Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary and Merriam- Conventions: 2 Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary include entries for contractions. Writing Spell roots, suffixes, and prefixes Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary contains entries Conventions: 3 correctly. for prefixes and suffixes, as well as for many prefixed words, and includes run-ons for many suffixed words at the entries for the base words. Word Root paragraphs through - out the dictionary introduce students to Greek and Latin roots and show how English words are formed. Merriam- Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary also includes entries and explanations for prefixes and suffixes.

Writing Use commas, end marks, Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Guide to Punctuation has Conventions: 4 apostrophes, and quotation separate sections to address commas, periods, question marks correctly. marks, exclamation points, apostrophes, quotation marks, and capitalization, with abundant examples. Writing Use correct capitalization. Conventions: 5 continued ¯ Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE FIVE, continued Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Writing Use various parts of speech such as Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary and Merriam- Conventions: 6 nouns, pronouns, and verbs (regular Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary contain many usage and irregular). examples within definitions of nouns, pronouns, and verbs to help students use words correctly. Homographs are given separate numbered entries, so students can identify different parts of speech. Irregular verb forms are given at verb entries.

Writing Use prepositions and prepositional Both Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary and Conventions: 7-12 phrases. Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary give Use adverbs. numerous usage examples at entries for prepositions, Use objective and nominative case pronouns, conjunctions, and interjections to help students pronouns. use them correctly. They offer adverbs as main entries with Use indefinite and relative pronouns. definitions and usage examples, and derived forms listed at Use conjunctions and interjections. adjective entries. Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Guide to Punctuation includes a grammar glossary with terms and examples. Communication: Deliver informational presentations Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary and Merriam- Oral and Visual: 8a that demonstrate an understanding Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary can help students of the topic and present events or understand the meaning of words and help with correct ideas in a logical sequence. pronunciations as they prepare and make presentations. The free student dictionary at Merriam-Webster’s student’s site Word Central (WordCentral.com) offers audio pronunciations. Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE SIX Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Acquisition of Apply knowledge of connotation Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary includes nearly Vocabulary: 2 and denotation to determine the 200 synonym paragraphs that discuss connotative and meaning of words. denotative differences among synonyms. Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms and Merriam- Webster’s Pocket Guide to Synonyms provide similar information.

Acquisition of Recognize and use words from other Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary includes Vocabulary: 5 languages that have been adopted thousands of entries with etymologies, many of them showing into the English language. the source language for words borrowed into English. In addition, it features nearly 300 expanded word-history paragraphs that tell the story behind a word’s adoption into English. Acquisition of Apply the knowledge of prefixes, Merriam-Webster’s Vocabulary Builder introduces students Vocabulary: 6 suffixes, and roots and their various to 200 of the most productive Greek and Latin roots to aid inflections to analyze the meanings new-vocabulary acquisition. Merriam-Webster’s Notebook of words. Thesaurus features lists of prefixes and suffixes with meanings and common Greek and Latin roots with meanings.

Acquisition of Identify symbols and acronyms and Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary has a special Vocabulary: 7 connect them to whole words. section with signs and symbols.

Acquisition of Determine the meanings and Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary is a 70,000- Vocabulary: 8 pronunciations of unknown words word dictionary specially designed for grades 6-8. Students by using dictionaries, thesauruses, can also look up words online using the free dictionary and glossaries, technology, and textual thesaurus at Word Central (WordCentral.com), a Web site features, such as definitional designed especially for students. Merriam-Webster’s footnotes or sidebars. Intermediate Thesaurus is a thesaurus with words taken from Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary. Students may also use Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary and Thesaurus, which combines dictionary and thesaurus entries in one alphabetical sequence.

Reading Analyze information found in maps, Students will enjoy using the full-color maps, charts, and Applications: charts, tables, graphs, diagrams, and graphs in Merriam-Webster’s Student Atlas, designed for Informational, cutaways. students in grades 5 and up. Technical and Persuasive Text: 5

Writing Use resources and reference materials Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Thesaurus, with its wealth Processes: 14 (e.g., dictionaries and thesauruses) to of synonyms, antonyms, and related words, and example select more effective vocabulary. sentences for every synonym, provides students with the words they need to make their writing more effective, especially when used in conjunction with Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary. Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Thesaurus and Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Thesaurus are handy references that include lists of synonyms, antonyms, and related words. continued ¯ Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE SIX, continued Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Writing Proofread writing, edit to improve Students can use Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Processes: 15 conventions (e.g., grammar, spelling, Dictionary in their proofreading to check for spelling punctuation, and capitalization), and and grammar. Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to identify and correct fragments and Punctuation is a handy reference for checking all the run-ons. conventions of punctuation and capitalization. Merriam- Webster’s Notebook Guide to Punctuation also includes a brief section on proofreading and using proofreaders’ marks.

Writing Produce informal writings (e.g., Students who try their hand at poetry will enjoy using Applications: 6 journals, notes, and poems) for Merriam-Webster’s Rhyming Dictionary or Merriam- various purposes. Webster’s Pocket Rhyming Dictionary.

Writing Spell frequently misspelled and Webster’s Instant Word Guide is an alphabetical listing Conventions: 1 high-frequency words correctly. showing spelling of 35,000 words, with special notes on frequently confused words.

Writing Use commas, end marks, Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Guide to Punctuation and Conventions: 2-4 apostrophes, and quotation marks Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation have correctly. separate sections dealing with every aspect of punctuation Use semicolons, colons, hyphens, and capitalization, with abundant examples to illustrate dashes, and brackets. rules. Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary has Use correct capitalization. A Handbook of Style section that supplies the basics of punctuation and other conventions.

Writing Use nominative, objective, possessive, Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to English Usage Conventions: 7 indefinite, and relative pronouns. contains entries that discuss sticky issues of pronoun use as well as other grammar subjects, including discussions Writing Use subject-verb agreement with on correct subject-verb agreement. Conventions: 8 collective nouns, indefinite pronouns, compound subjects, and prepositional phrases.

Research: 6 Use quotations to support ideas. Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation has a chapter on incorporating quotations into text.

Research: 7 Use an appropriate form of Merriam-Webster's Notebook Guide to Punctuation and documentation, with teacher Merriam-Webster's Pocket Guide to Punctuation have assistance, to acknowledge sources sections on the basics of creating notes and bibliographies. (e.g., bibliography, works cited). Communication: Deliver informational presentations Merriam-Webster's Intermediate Dictionary features Oral and Visual: 8a that demonstrate an understanding up-to-date vocabulary to help students understand the of the topic and present events or meaning and correct pronunciations of words as they ideas in a logical sequence. prepare and make presentations. The free student dictionary at Merriam-Webster’s Word Central (WordCentral.com) offers audio pronunciations. Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE SEVEN Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Acquisition of Apply knowledge of connotation Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary includes nearly Vocabulary: 2 and denotation to determine the 200 synonym paragraphs that discuss connotative and meaning of words. denotative differences among synonyms. Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms and Merriam- Webster’s Pocket Guide to Synonyms provide similar information.

Acquisition of Recognize and use words from other Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary includes Vocabulary: 5 languages that have been adopted thousands of entries with etymologies, many of them into the English language. showing the source language for words borrowed into English. In addition, it features nearly 300 expanded word-history paragraphs that tell the story behind a word’s adoption into English. Acquisition of Use knowledge of Greek, Latin, and Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Thesaurus features lists of Vocabulary: 6 Anglo-Saxon roots and affixes to prefixes and suffixes with meanings and common Greek and understand vocabulary. Latin roots with meanings. Merriam-Webster’s Vocabulary Builder gives students the tools to decipher unfamiliar words derived from 200 Greek and Latin roots. It introduces students to nearly 3,000 words based on those roots to help with new vocabulary acquisition.

Acquisition of Use knowledge of symbols and Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary has a special Vocabulary: 7 acronyms to identify whole words. section with signs and symbols used in mathematics, music, computers, business, and more. Acquisition of Determine the meanings and Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary is a 70,000- Vocabulary: 8 pronunciations of unknown words word dictionary designed for grades 6-8. Students can also by using dictionaries, thesauruses, look up words online using the free dictionary and thesaurus glossaries, technology, and textual at Word Central (WordCentral.com), a Web site for students. features, such as definitional Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Thesaurus is a thesaurus footnotes or sidebars. with words taken from Merriam-Webster's Intermediate Dictionary. Students may also use Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary and Thesaurus, which combines dictionary and thesaurus entries in one alphabetical sequence.

Reading Analyze information found in maps, Students will enjoy using the full-color maps, charts, and Applications: charts, tables, graphs, diagrams, graphs in Merriam-Webster’s Student Atlas. Informational, cutaways, and overlays. Technical and Persuasive Text: 5

Writing Use precise language, action verbs, Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Thesaurus, with abundant Processes: 9, 14 sensory details, colorful modifiers, synonyms, antonyms, and related words, and example and style as appropriate to sentences for every synonym helps students choose words with audience and purpose. precision. Students can get additional assistance from the Use resources and reference materials entries in Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms and (e.g., dictionaries and thesauruses) Antonyms and Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to to select more effective vocabulary. Synonyms, which also explain how synonyms differ slightly in meaning. Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Thesaurus and Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Thesaurus contain lists of synonyms, antonyms, and related words.

continued ¯ Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE SEVEN, continued Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Writing Proofread writing, edit to improve Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary will help Processes: 15 conventions (e.g., grammar, spelling, students proofread for spelling and grammar. Merriam- punctuation, and capitalization), and Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation is a handy identify and correct fragments and reference for checking the conventions of punctuation and run-ons. capitalization. Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Guide to Punctuation also has a list of 10 common grammar and punctuation errors. Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style has chapters on punctuation, capitalization, and other styling conventions and a chapter on editing and proofreading. The entries in Merriam- Webster’s Pocket Guide to English Usage help students address grammar issues.

Writing Produce informal writings (e.g., Students writing poetry will enjoy using Merriam-Webster’s Applications: 6 journals, notes, and poems) for Rhyming Dictionary or Merriam-Webster’s Pocket various purposes. Rhyming Dictionary.

Writing Spell high-frequency words correctly. Webster’s Instant Word Guide is an alphabetical listing Conventions: 1 showing spelling of 35,000 words, with special notes on frequently confused words.

Writing Use commas, end marks, Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Guide to Punctuation, Conventions: 2-4 apostrophes, and quotation Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation, and marks correctly. Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style have Use semicolons, colons, hyphens, sections to address punctuation and capitalization, with dashes, and brackets correctly. examples to illustrate rules. Merriam-Webster’s Use correct capitalization. Intermediate Dictionary has A Handbook of Style section that details the basics of punctuation and other conventions.

Writing Use subject-verb agreement with Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to English Usage Conventions: 7 collective nouns, indefinite pronouns, has entries that deal with grammar subjects, including compound subjects, and prepositional discussions on correct subject-verb agreement and sticky phrases. pronoun issues.

Writing Conjugate regular and irregular verbs Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary gives irregular Conventions: 8 in all tenses correctly. forms of verbs at their entries.

Research: 6 Integrate quotations and citations Merriam-Webster's Guide to Punctuation and Style and into written text to maintain a flow Merriam-Webster's Pocket Guide to Punctuation have of ideas. sections on integrating quotations into text and using parenthetical citations. Research: 7 Use an appropriate form of Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style, documentation, with teacher Merriam-Webster's Notebook Guide to Punctuation, and assistance, to acknowledge sources Merriam-Webster's Pocket Guide to Punctuation have (e.g., bibliography, works cited). sections on the basics of creating notes and bibliographies.

Communication: Deliver informational presentations Merriam-Webster's Intermediate Dictionary features Oral and Visual: 8a that demonstrate an understanding up-to-date vocabulary that helps students understand of the topic and present events or the meaning and correct pronunciations of words as they ideas in a logical sequence. prepare and make presentations. The free student dictionary at Merriam-Webster’s Word Central (WordCentral.com) offers audio pronunciations. Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE EIGHT Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Acquisition of Apply knowledge of connotation Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary includes nearly Vocabulary: 2 and denotation to determine the 200 synonym paragraphs that discuss connotative and meaning of words. denotative differences among synonyms. Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms and Merriam- Webster’s Pocket Guide to Synonyms provide similar information.

Acquisition of Infer the literal and figurative Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary includes entries Vocabulary: 4 meaning of words and phrases and and definitions for a wide variety of expressions, idioms, and discuss the function of figurative figurative uses of language. There is additional information in language, including metaphors, Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary. similes, and idioms.

Acquisition of Examine and discuss the ways that Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary features nearly Vocabulary: 5 different events (e.g., cultural, 300 word-history paragraphs that tell the story behind a political, social, technological, and word’s adoption into English. scientific events) impact and change the English language.

Acquisition of Use knowledge of Greek, Latin, and Merriam-Webster’s Vocabulary Builder introduces 200 of Vocabulary: 6 Anglo-Saxon roots, prefixes, and the most productive Greek and Latin roots, to help students suffixes to understand complex determine meanings of many terms used in science, politics, words and new subject-area vocabu - technology, and medicine. Each root is presented in a lary (e.g., unknown words in science, meaningful way (not merely in an alphabetical listing) with mathematics, and social studies). explanations and examples.

Acquisition of Determine the meanings and Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary is a 70,000- Vocabulary: 7 pronunciations of unknown words word dictionary designed for grades 6 –8. Students can also by using dictionaries, thesauruses, look up words online using the free dictionary and thesaurus glossaries, technology, and textual at Word Central (WordCentral.com), a Web site for students. features, such as definitional Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Thesaurus uses words from footnotes or sidebars. Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary. Students may also use Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary and Thesaurus, which combines dictionary and thesaurus entries in one alphabetical sequence.

Writing Use precise language, action verbs, Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Thesaurus , with its wealth Processes: 9, 14 sensory details, colorful modifiers, of synonyms, antonyms, and related words, and example and style as appropriate to sentences for every synonym helps students choose words with audience and purpose. precision. Students can get more assistance from the entries in Use resources and reference materials Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms (e.g., dictionaries and thesauruses) and Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Synonyms, which to select more effective vocabulary. also explain how synonyms differ slightly in meaning. Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Thesaurus and Merriam- Webster’s Pocket Thesaurus contain lists of synonyms, antonyms, and related words. continued ¯ Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE EIGHT, continued Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Writing Proofread writing, edit to improve Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary will help Processes: 15 conventions (e.g., grammar, spelling, students proofread for spelling and grammar. Merriam- punctuation, and capitalization), and Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation is a handy identify and correct fragments and reference for checking the conventions of punctuation and run-ons. capitalization. Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Guide to Punctuation has a list of 10 common grammar and punctuation errors. Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style has chapters on punctuation, capitalization, and other styling conventions and a chapter on editing and proofreading. The entries in Merriam- Webster’s Pocket Guide to English Usage help students address grammar issues.

Writing Write informational essays or reports, Merriam-Webster'’s Guide to Punctuation and Style Applications: 4e including research, that document shows how to list a variety of sources, including articles, sources and include bibliographies. government publications, online sources, non-print sources, and unpublished materials.

Writing Use correct spelling conventions. Webster’s Instant Word Guide is an alphabetical listing Conventions: 1 showing spelling of 35,000 words, with special notes on frequently confused words.

Writing Use correct punctuation and Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Guide to Punctuation, Conventions: 2 capitalization. Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation, and Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style have sections to address every aspect of punctuation and capitalization, with examples to illustrate rules. Merriam- Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary has A Handbook of Style section that gives the basics of punctuation, capitalization, and other styling conventions. Writing Use proper placement of modifiers. Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to English Usage has Conventions: 6 entries that address dangling modifiers, placement of adverbs, and split infinitives.

Writing Conjugate regular and irregular verbs Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary gives all Conventions: 8 in all tenses correctly. irregular forms of verbs at their entries.

continued ¯ Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE EIGHT, continued Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Research: 6 Integrate quotations and citations Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style and into written text to maintain a flow Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation have of ideas. sections on integrating quotations into text and using parenthetical citations.

Research: 7 Use style guides to produce oral and Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style written reports that give proper credit is a complete guide to creating footnotes, endnotes, for sources and include an acceptable parenthetical citations, and bibliographies. Merriam- format for source acknowledgement. Webster’s Notebook Guide to Punctuation and Merriam- Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation have sections on the basics of creating notes and bibliographies.

Communication: Deliver informational presentations Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary features Oral and Visual: 8a that demonstrate an understanding up-to-date vocabulary that can help students understand of the topic and present events or the meaning of words and help with correct pronunciations ideas in a logical sequence. as they prepare and make presentations. The free student dictionary at Merriam-Webster’s Word Central (WordCentral.com) offers audio pronunciations. Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com GRADE NINE Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Acquisition of Infer the literal and figurative mean - Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary includes entries and Vocabulary: 3 ing of words and phrases and discuss definitions for hundreds of expressions, idioms, and figurative the function of figurative language, uses of words. including metaphors, similes, idioms, and puns.

Acquisition of Examine and discuss ways historical Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary features 200 word- Vocabulary: 4 events have influenced the English history paragraphs that tell the story behind a word’s adoption language. into English.

Acquisition of Use knowledge of Greek, Latin, and Merriam-Webster’s Vocabulary Builder introduces 200 of Vocabulary: 5 Anglo-Saxon roots, prefixes, and suf - the most productive Greek and Latin roots to help students fixes to understand complex words understand terms used in science, politics, technology, and and new subject-area vocabulary medicine. Each root is presented in a meaningful way (not (e.g., unknown words in science, merely in an alphabetical listing) with explanations and mathematics, and social studies). examples.

Acquisition of Determine the meanings and Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary is a 100,000-word Vocabulary: 6 pronunciations of unknown words dictionary, designed for grades 9 –11. The Merriam-Webster by using dictionaries, thesauruses, Thesaurus (in paperback) and Merriam-Webster’s School glossaries, technology, and textual Thesaurus are designed for high school use. Students can also features, such as definitional use the free dictionary and thesaurus at Merriam-Webster footnotes or sidebars. OnLine (Merriam-Webster.com). Students may also use Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary and Thesaurus, which combines dictionary and thesaurus entries in a single alphabetical sequence.

Writing Use precise language, action verbs, Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary includes more than Processes: 9 sensory details, colorful modifiers, 500 synonym paragraphs to explain differences among and style as appropriate to audience synonyms to help students choose words precisely. The and purpose and use techniques to Merriam-Webster Thesaurus and Merriam-Webster’s School convey a personal style and voice. Thesaurus provide synonyms, antonyms, and related words, with example sentences for every synonym.

Writing Use resources and reference materials Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary and Merriam-Webster’s Processes: 14 (e.g., dictionaries and thesauruses) School Thesaurus provide students with the vocabulary to select effective and precise needed to make writing more effective. Students receive extra vocabulary that maintains consistent assistance from Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms style, tone, and voice. and Antonyms and Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Synonyms, which explain how synonyms differ slightly in meaning, connotation, and application.

Writing Proofread writing, edit to improve Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation is a handy Processes: 15 conventions (e.g., grammar, spelling, reference for checking the conventions of punctuation and punctuation, and capitalization), capitalization. Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Guide to identify and correct fragments and Punctuation features a list of ten common grammar and run-ons, and eliminate inappropriate punctuation errors. Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation slang or informal language. and Style includes, in addition to chapters on punctuation, capitalization, and other styling conventions, a chapter on editing and proofreading. The brief entries in Merriam- Webster’s Pocket Guide to English Usage are designed to help students address grammar and usage issues. Usage notes and labels in Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary guide students in appropriate word selection. continued ¯ Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE NINE, continued Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Writing Write informational essays or reports, Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style Applications: 4e including research, that list document demonstrates how to list various sources, including articles, sources and include bibliographies. government publications, online sources, non-print sources, and unpublished materials.

Writing Produce informal writings (e.g., Students who write poetry will enjoy using Merriam- Applications: 6 journals, notes, and poems) for Webster’s Rhyming Dictionary or Merriam-Webster’s various purposes. Pocket Rhyming Dictionary.

Writing Use correct spelling conventions. Webster’s Instant Word Guide is an alphabetical listing Conventions: 1 showing spelling of 35,000 words, with special notes on frequently confused words.

Writing Use correct punctuation and Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style, Conventions: 2 capitalization. Merriam-Webster’s Concise Handbook for Writers , and Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation have separate sections on capitalization and punctuation, with examples to illustrate rules. Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary has A Handbook of Style section that illustrates the basics of capitalization, punctuation, and other styling conventions. Writing Use proper placement of modifiers. Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to English Usage and Conventions: 5 Merriam-Webster’s Concise Dictionary of English Usage have entries that address dangling modifiers, placement of adverbs, and split infinitives.

Research: 5 Integrate quotations and citations Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style covers into written text to maintain a flow integrating quotations into text and parenthetical citation of ideas. use.

Communication: Demonstrate an understanding of Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary provides students Oral and Visual: 5 the rules of the English language with grade-level-appropriate guidance on word choice and and select language appropriate to grammar. For information about confused and disputed purpose and audience. usage, students can consult Merriam-Webster’s Concise Dictionary of English Usage. Communication: Deliver informational presentations Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary features up-to-date Oral and Visual: 8a that demonstrate an understanding vocabulary to help students understand word meanings of the topic and present events or and correct pronunciations of words as they prepare and ideas in a logical sequence. make presentations. The free dictionary at Merriam- Webster OnLine (Merriam-Webster.com) offers audio pronunciations. Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE TEN Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Acquisition of Infer the literal and figurative Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary includes entries and Vocabulary: 3 meaning of words and phrases and definitions for hundreds of expressions, idioms, and figurative discuss the function of figurative uses of words. language, including metaphors, similes, idioms, and puns.

Acquisition of Analyze the ways historical events Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary features 200 word- Vocabulary: 4 have influenced the English history paragraphs that tell the story behind a word’s adoption language. into English.

Acquisition of Use knowledge of Greek, Latin, and Merriam-Webster’s Vocabulary Builder introduces 200 of Vocabulary: 5 Anglo-Saxon roots, prefixes, and suf - the most productive Greek and Latin roots to help students fixes to understand complex words determine meanings of terms used in science, politics, and new subject-area vocabulary technology, and medicine. Each root is covered in-depth with (e.g., unknown words in science, explanations and examples. mathematics, and social studies).

Acquisition of Determine the meanings and Students can use Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary, Vocabulary: 6 pronunciations of unknown words designed for grades 9 –11, and Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate ® by using dictionaries, thesauruses, Dictionary, ideal for college-bound students. They can also glossaries, technology, and textual look up words online using the free dictionary at Merriam- features, such as definitional Webster OnLine (Merriam-Webster.com). Students may also footnotes or sidebars. use Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary and Thesaurus, which combines dictionary and thesaurus entries in a single alphabetical sequence.

Writing Use language, including precise Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary includes more than Processes: 9 language, action verbs, sensory 500 synonym paragraphs to explain differences among details, colorful modifiers, and style synonyms for precise word choice and personalization. The as appropriate to audience and Merriam-Webster Thesaurus and Merriam-Webster’s School purpose, and use techniques to Thesaurus offer a wealth of synonyms, antonyms, and related convey a personal style and voice. words, plus an example sentence for every synony m.

Writing Use resources and reference materials Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary and Merriam-Webster’s Processes: 14 (e.g., dictionaries and thesauruses) School Thesaurus provide vocabulary for effective writing. to select effective and precise Students can receive word-choice assistance from Merriam- vocabulary that maintains consistent Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms and style, tone, and voice. Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Synonyms, which explain how synonyms differ slightly in meaning, connotation, and application. continued ¯ Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE TEN, continued Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Writing Proofread writing, edit to improve Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation is Processes: 15 conventions (e.g., grammar, spelling, a handy reference for checking the conventions of punctuation, and capitalization), punctuation and capitalization. Merriam-Webster’s identify and correct fragments and Notebook Guide to Punctuation features a list of ten run-ons, and eliminate inappropriate common grammar and punctuation errors. Merriam- slang or informal language. Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style includes a chapter on editing and proofreading in addition to chapters on punctuation, capitalization, and other styling conventions. Brief entries in Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to English Usage are designed to help students address grammar and usage issues. Usage notes and labels in Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary guide students in appropriate word selection.

Writing Write informational essays or reports, Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style shows Applications: 4e including research, that document how to list various sources, including articles, government sources and include bibliographies. publications, online sources, non-print sources, and unpublished materials.

Writing Use correct spelling conventions. Webster’s Instant Word Guide can address students’ Conventions: 1 spelling needs with its alphabetical listing showing spelling and end-of-line divisions of 35,000 words.

Writing Use proper placement of modifiers. Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to English Usage and Conventions: 5 Merriam-Webster’s Concise Dictionary of English Usage have entries that address dangling modifiers, placement of adverbs, and split infinitives.

continued ¯ Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE TEN, continued Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Research: 5 Integrate quotations and citations Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style and into written text to maintain a flow Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation have of ideas. sections on integrating quotations into text and using parenthetical citations.

Research: 6 Use style guides to produce oral and Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style is a written reports that give proper credit guide to creating footnotes, endnotes, parenthetical for sources and include an acceptable citations, and bibliographies. Merriam-Webster’s Notebook format for source acknowledgement. Guide to Punctuation and Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation have sections on the basics of creating notes and bibliographies.

Communication: Deliver informational presentations Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary, with its up-to-date Oral and Visual: 8a that demonstrate an understanding vocabulary, can help students understand the meaning of the topic and present events or of words as they prepare and can help with correct ideas in a logical sequence. pronunciations for the presentation. The free dictionary at Merriam-Webster OnLine (Merriam-Webster.com) offers audio pronunciations. Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE ELEVEN Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Acquisition of Use knowledge of Greek, Latin, and Merriam-Webster’s Vocabulary Builder introduces 200 of the Vocabulary: 4 Anglo-Saxon roots, prefixes, and suf - most productive Greek and Latin roots to reveal meanings of fixes to understand complex words terms used in science, politics, technology, and medicine. Each and new subject-area vocabulary root is presented with abundant explanations and examples, (e.g., unknown words in science, and quizzes to test progress and reward study (helpful for stu - mathematics, and social studies). dents preparing for college-entrance tests).

Acquisition of Determine the meanings and Students can use Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary, Vocabulary: 5 pronunciations of unknown words designed for grades 9 –11, and Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate ® by using dictionaries, thesauruses, Dictionary, ideal for college-bound students. They can also glossaries, technology, and textual look up words online using the dictionary and thesaurus at features, such as definitional Merriam-Webster OnLine (Merriam-Webster.com). Students footnotes or sidebars. may also use Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary and Thesaurus, which combines dictionary and thesaurus entries, Merriam- Webster’s Notebook Dictionary, and paperback format The Merriam-Webster Dictionary.

Writing Use precise language, action verbs, Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary includes more than 500 Processes: 9 sensory details, colorful modifiers, synonym paragraphs to explain differences among synonyms and style as appropriate to audience to help students choose words with precision. Merriam- and purpose, and use techniques to Webster’s Intermediate Thesaurus includes example convey a personal style and voice. sentences for every synonym as well as in-depth coverage of synonyms and antonyms to assist with personalization.

Writing Use resources and reference materials Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary, Merriam-Webster’s Processes: 14 (e.g., dictionaries and thesauruses) School Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, to select effective and precise and Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Thesaurus provide the vocabulary that maintains consistent vocabulary students need to write effectively. Students can get style, tone, and voice. more assistance with word choice from Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms and Merriam- Webster’s Pocket Guide to Synonyms, which explain how words differ slightly in meaning. Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms features more than 8,500 words and over 17,000 example phrases to refine word selection. Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Thesaurus and Merriam- Webster's Pocket Thesaurus offer synonym, antonym, and related words lists.

continued ¯ Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE ELEVEN, continued Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Writing Proofread writing, edit to improve Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation is a Processes: 15 conventions (e.g., grammar, spelling, handy reference for checking the conventions of punctua - punctuation, and capitalization), tion and capitalization. Merriam-Webster’s Notebook identify and correct fragments and Guide to Punctuation features a list of 10 common gram - run-ons, and eliminate inappropriate mar and punctuation errors. Merriam-Webster’s Guide to slang or informal language. Punctuation and Style includes a chapter on editing and proofreading in addition to chapters on punctuation, capitalization, and other styling conventions. The brief entries in Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to English Usage and more detailed coverage in Merriam-Webster’s Concise Dictionary of English Usage are designed to help students navigate grammar and usage issues. Usage notes and labels in Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary and Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary ® guide students in appropriate word selection.

Writing Use correct spelling conventions. Merriam-Webster's School Dictionary and Merriam- Conventions: 1 Webster's Collegiate Dictionary can help students find all the right spellings, including spelling variants. Webster's Instant Word Guide can address students’ spelling needs with its alphabetical listing with spelling and end-of-line divisions for 35,000 words.

Writing Use correct capitalization and Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style, Conventions: 2 punctuation. Merriam-Webster’s Concise Handbook for Writers, and Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation have sections on capitalization and punctuation, with examples to illustrate rules. Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary has A Handbook of Style section that covers the basics of capitalization, punctuation, and other styling conventions.

Writing Use correct grammar (e.g., verb Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to English Usage and Conventions: 3 tenses, parallel structure, indefinite Merriam-Webster’s Concise Dictionary of English Usage and relative pronouns). address correct verb use, pronoun use, and other grammar challenges.

Research: 5 Integrate quotations and citations Merriam-Webster’s Concise Handbook for Writers, into written text to maintain a flow Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style, and of ideas. Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation have sections on integrating quotations into text and using parenthetical citations.

continued ¯ Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE ELEVEN, continued Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Research: 6 Use style guides to produce oral and Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style is a written reports that give proper credit guide to creating footnotes, endnotes, parenthetical for sources and include appropriate citations, and bibliographies. It demonstrates how to list in-text documantation, notes, and an sources, including articles, government publications, online acceptable format for source sources, non-print sources, and unpublished materials. acknowledgement. Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Guide to Punctuation and Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation have sections on the basics of creating notes and bibliographies.

Communication: Demonstrate an understanding of Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary provides students Oral and Visual: 5 the rules of the English language with grade-level-appropriate guidance in word choice and and select language appropriate to grammar throughout the speech-writing process. To find purpose and audience. the best vocabulary to make an effective presentation, students can refer to an age-level specific dictionary, such as Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary or Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary when their intended audience is young, or they can refer to Merriam- Webster’s Dictionary of Basic English when their audience is learning English as a second language.

Communication: Deliver informational presentations Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary and Merriam- Oral and Visual: 8a that present a clear and distinctive Webster’s Collegiate ® Dictionary, with up-to-date perspective on the subject. vocabulary, can help students understand the meanings of words as they prepare and offer correct pronunciations for presentations. The free dictionary at Merriam-Webster OnLine (Merriam-Webster.com) offers audio pronunciations. Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE TWELVE Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Acquisition of Use knowledge of Greek, Latin, and Merriam-Webster’s Vocabulary Builder introduces 200 of Vocabulary: 4 Anglo-Saxon roots, prefixes, and the most productive Greek and Latin roots, enabling students suffixes to understand complex to determine meanings of terms used in science, politics, words and new subject-area technology, and medicine. Each root is presented with vocabulary (e.g., unknown words explanations and examples, and quizzes to test progress in science, mathematics, and social and reward study (helpful for students preparing for studies). college-entrance tests).

Acquisition of Determine the meanings and Students can use Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary Vocabulary: 5 pronunciations of unknown words and Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate ® Dictionary, as well as by using dictionaries, thesauruses, Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged glossaries, technology, and textual to look up words. They can also look up words online using features, such as definitional the dictionary and thesaurus at Merriam-Webster Online footnotes or sidebars. (MerriamWebster.com). Students may also use Merriam- Webster’s Dictionary and Thesaurus, which combines dictionary and thesaurus entries, Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Dictionary, and in paperback The Merriam-Webster Dictionary.

Writing Use precise language, action verbs, Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary includes over 600 Processes: 9 sensory details, colorful modifiers, synonym paragraphs that explain differences among synonyms and style as appropriate to audience to help with precise word choice. Merriam-Webster's and purpose, and use techniques to Intermediate Thesaurus, features synonyms, antonyms, convey a personal style and voice. related and contrasted words, and example sentences for every synonym.

Writing Use resources and reference materials Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary, Merriam-Webster’s Processes: 14 (e.g., dictionaries and thesauruses) School Thesaurus, as well as Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate to select effective and precise Dictionary and Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Thesaurus, can vocabulary that maintains consistent provide students with the vocabulary they need for effective style, tone, and voice. writing. The entries in Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms and Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Synonyms explain how synonyms differ slightly in meaning. Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms features more than 8,500 words and over 17,000 example phrases to clarify usage. Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Thesaurus and Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Thesaurus include lists of synonyms, antonyms, and related words.

Writing Proofread writing, edit to improve Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation is a handy Processes: 15 conventions (e.g., grammar, spelling, reference for checking all the conventions of punctuation and punctuation, and capitalization), capitalization. Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Guide to identify and correct fragments and Punctuation features a list of 10 common grammar and run-ons, and eliminate inappropriate punctuation errors. Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation slang or informal language. and Style includes chapters on editing and proofreading, punctuation, capitalization, and other styling conventions. The brief entries in Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to English Usage and more detailed entries in Merriam-Webster’s Concise Dictionary of English Usage are designed to help students with grammar and usage issues. Usage notes and labels in Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary guide students in appropriate word selection. continued ¯ Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE TWELVE, continued Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Writing Produce informal writings (e.g., Students who try their hand at poetry will enjoy using Applications: 6 journals, notes, and poems) for Merriam-Webster’s Rhyming Dictionary or Merriam- various purposes. Webster’s Pocket Rhyming Dictionary with their alphabetical listing of rhyming sounds.

Writing Use correct spelling conventions. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate ® Dictionary can help Conventions: 1 students find the right spellings, including spelling variants. Webster's Instant Word Guide addresses students’ spelling needs with its alphabetical listing of spelling and end-of-line divisions for 35,000 words.

Writing Use correct capitalization and Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style, Conventions: 2 punctuation. Merriam-Webster’s Concise Handbook for Writers, and Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation have separate sections to address capitalization and punctuation, with examples to illustrate rules. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary has A Handbook of Style section that covers the basics of capitalization, punctuation, and other styling conventions.

Writing Use correct grammar (e.g., verb Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to English Usage and Conventions: 3 tenses, parallel structure, indefinite Merriam-Webster’s Concise Dictionary of English Usage and relative pronouns). have entries on correct verb use, pronoun use, and other grammar challenges.

continued ¯ Meeting the Standard Merriam-Webster Inc. in Ohio www.Merriam-Webster.com

GRADE TWELVE, continued Standard Description Merriam-Webster Offering Research: 6 Use style guides to produce oral and Merriam-Webster’s Guide to Punctuation and Style is written reports that give proper credit a guide to creating footnotes, endnotes, parenthetical for sources, and include appropriate citations, and bibliographies. It demonstrates how to list in-text documentation, notes, and an sources, including articles, government publications, online acceptable format for source sources, non-print sources, and unpublished materials. acknowledgement. Merriam-Webster’s Notebook Guide to Punctuation and Merriam-Webster’s Pocket Guide to Punctuation have sections on the basics of creating notes and bibliographies.

Communication: Demonstrate an understanding of Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate ® Dictionary offers guidance Oral and Visual: 5 the rules of the English language in word choice and grammar throughout the speech- and select language appropriate to writing process. To find the best vocabulary to make an purpose and audience. effective presentation, students can refer to an age-level specific dictionary, such as Merriam-Webster’s Intermediate Dictionary or Merriam-Webster’s Elementary Dictionary when their intended audience is young, or they can refer to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Basic English when their audience is learning English as a second language. Communication: Deliver informational presentations Merriam-Webster’s School Dictionary and Merriam- Oral and Visual: 8a that present a clear and distinctive Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, featuring up-to-date perspective on the subject. vocabulary, help students understand the word meanings as they prepare and help with correct pronunciations for presentations. The free dictionary at Merriam-Webster OnLine (Merriam-Webster.com) offers audio pronunciations.