DOCSLIB.ORG

National Monum

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
National Monum WHITMAN NATIONAL MONUM WASHINGTON The Whitman Mission site today. Looking southeast, the trees in right center are on the site of the "Mission House." The dikes of the millpond are to the right of the horses in left center. Contents Page American Missionary Interest in Oregon ... 3 The Whitmans Head Westward 5 The New Life Begins 6 Troubled Days at the Mission 8 Whitman Rides East 9 THE COVER The Immigration of 1843 9 Growth of the Mission 11 Symbolical sketch of Dr. and Mrs. Marcus Whitman The Massacre 11 approaching Waiilatpu, the scene of their mission An Estimate of Whitman 14 endeavors among the Cayuse Indians, 1836—1847. The Mission Site Today 15 The background scenes portray various aspects in the How To Reach the Monument 15 history of the mission—buildings, religious instruction Public Service and Facilities 15 and teaching, domestic life, and agriculture. (Draw­ Administration 15 ing by Cecil J. Doty, Architect, National Park Service.) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR J. A. KRUG, Secretary NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, NEWTON B. DRURY, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C, price 10 cents WHITMAN NATIONAL MONUMENT Dr. Marcus Whitman and his wife, Narcissa—martyred in 1847—here ministered to the spiritual and physical needs of the Cayuse Indians and the immigrants of the Oregon Trail AIILATPU, the site of the mission found­ were taught. Kind and generous, they offered Wed in 1836 by Dr. Marcus Whitman and a haven to the traveler. Their courage and faith Narcissa Prentiss Whitman, his wife, was were confirmed by the fact that they were willing one of the noteworthy landmarks on the Oregon to give up their lives in order that an enlightened Trail. There the Whitmans symbolized the people might survive them. Through their in­ noblest of the pioneers who colonized the West. domitable spirit, energy, and determination, the Through their self-sacrifice and devotion to duty, American civilization was carried to remote the germ of Christianity was given to a heathen regions and thus contributed to our settlement people, and the first Protestant church west of of the West. As hallowed ground of the past, the Rocky Mountains was founded. By their this mission site, established as a national monu­ patience and example, the rudiments of agri­ ment by act of Congress in 1936, reminds us of culture, animal husbandry, irrigation, and letters our debt to these pioneers. American Missionary Interest in Oregon region north of 42°; and by the treaties of St. Peters­ burg in 1824 and 1825 Russia relinquished her claims UNTIL THE TREATY OF 1846 finally resolved the south of 54°40'. differences of the nations that claimed the "Oregon American claims to the Oregon country were based Country" and extended the boundary of the United upon the discovery of the Columbia River by Robert States along the 49th parallel to the Pacific Ocean, Gray (1792), the explorations of Lewis and Clark that region lying west of the Rocky Mountains and be­ (1803-1806), establishment of fur-trading posts by tween Mexican California and Russian Alaska was in a Astor's Pacific Fur Company (1811), and the relin­ sense "No-Man's Land." In 1818, a treaty of "Joint quishment of Spanish rights to the coast north of 42° Occupancy" left the Oregon country open to nationals by the Adams-Onis Treaty for the Purchase of Florida of the United States and Great Britain alike. Shortly (1819). Although it was recognized that the con­ thereafter, in 1819, Spain gave up her claims to the trol of Oregon rested in the hands of the powerful Artist's conception of Waiilatpu in 1847, looking from the south. SKETCH Itf AP OF THE OREGON TRAIE British Hudson's Bay Company, the interest of the Board in Boston. In March 1836, accompanied by United States in the region by the 182()'s was not Narcissa Prentiss Whitman (another applicant in the entirely lacking. American traders, adventurers, and field, whom he married on February 18, 18.36), the explorers had reported on the country; and as early Reverend Henry H. Spalding and his wife, Eliza Hart as 1829 the American Board of Commissioners for Spalding, and the two Indian boys, Whitman set out Foreign Missions sent the Reverend Jonathan Greene for Oregon. W. H. Gray, a lay member, joined them to investigate the potentialities of Oregon as a field on the way. for Protestant missionary activity. Most people in the eastern part of the United States Missionary interest was actually fired into action in the 18.30's regarded the West as wild and dangerous by the publication in the New York Christian Advo­ country, to be entered by only the most venturesome. cate and Journal for March 1833 of an account of the The chances for permanent settlement appeared re­ visit to St. Louis by a delegation of Flathead and Nez mote. Granted that settlement was possible, it seemed Perce Indians from west of the Rocky Mountains ask­ an impossible task to transport women and children ing for Christian teachers. The American Board, in wagons across the so-called "Great American organized by the Congregational and Presbyterian Desert," west of the Mississippi River. Thus, it was Churches in 1812, and supported by the Dutch Re­ an occasion of some historical importance when it was formed and Associate Reformed Churches, soon found decided to send missionaries with their wives across candidates ready to enter this far-off field. Among the continent to establish missions among the Indians the most willing was Dr. Marcus Whitman, who of the Oregon country. Narcissa Whitman and Eliza enlisted with the Board as a medical missionary. Spalding, the first American women to cross the conti­ Whitman, born at Rushville, N. Y., on September 4, nent, seemed unaware of the momentous nature of 1802, was well prepared for his work, having been their undertaking. The women considered the trip granted a medical degree in 1832 by the College of more in the nature of a call to duty which over­ Physicians and Surgeons of the Western District of shadowed any idea of adventure. New York. The 1,900-mile journey westward from New York In the spring of 1835, Whitman accompanied the to Liberty, Mo., partly by steamboat, was compara­ Reverend Samuel Parker to the American fur traders' tively easy. The next half of the journey by land to rendezvous on the Green River, in what is now western Fort Walla Walla, some 30 miles west of the modern Wyoming. After talks with the Nez Perce and Flat­ city of Walla Walla, Wash., proved more difficult. head Indians there, these advance agents were con­ Averaging 15 to 30 miles a day, the little party vinced of the promise of the missionary field. It was ascended the Platte River and finally reached the fur agreed that while Parker continued his explorations traders' rendezvous on the Green River. Traveling in westward Whitman should return East to arrange for two wagons, they carried with them a variety of seeds the immediate establishment of a mission among the for gardens, and drove a small herd of cattle. For­ Flathead and Nez Perce. tunately, they were able to make a large part of their journey in company with fur trappers of the American The Whitmans Head Westward Fur Company. ARRIVING in New York with two Indian boys, Whit­ At the rendezvous the white women were a sensa­ man obtained speedy approval of his plans by the tion. Most of the Indians there had never seen white The confluence of the Walla Walla and Columbia Rivers. Here was located Fort Walla Walla, which the Whitmans reached on September 1, 1836. women before, and it had been years since many of the way to the Columbia, the Whitmans and the the white fur trappers had seen any. Using the time Spaldings had succeeded in extending a wagon route and occasion to good advantage, Whitman and Spald­ many miles farther west than anyone had done before. ing held religious services to which the trappers thronged. At this same rendezvous, the Nez Perce The New Life Begins and Flathead reiterated their desire for the mission­ THE WHITMANS reached Fort Walla Walla, at the aries to teach them. confluence of the Columbia and Walla Walla Rivers, Having reached the rendezvous on the Green River on September 1, 1836; and the Spaldings arrived with with only the smaller of the two wagons—one had the cattle on September 3. They were now at the been left at Fort Laramie (southeastern Wyoming) — Columbia River, the symbol of their long-cherished the Whitmans and Spaldings continued westward with dreams. At Fort Walla Walla they were hospitably traders of the Hudson's Bay Company. One of the received by Pierre Pambrun, the trader of the Hud­ chiefs of the Nez Perce Indians, Tachensuates by son's Bay Company; and after resting for a few days, name, also went with them. they were sent by him in a boat down the Columbia The way became increasingly difficult. Often the to Fort Vancouver, now the site of Vancouver, Wash., heavily laden wagon overturned and was righted only which they reached on September 12. There they with great effort. Frequently the little party found it were entertained by Dr. John McLoughlin, the chief necessary to discard supplies to lighten the load. factor, who was high in his praise of the first American Finally the front axle broke. After converting the women to cross the continent. back wheels into a cart, they passed Fort Hall and While their wives stayed at Fort Vancouver, Whit­ reached Fort Boise in Idaho, where they were forced man and Spalding retraced their steps up the Columbia to abandon it.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Whitman Mission
    WHITMAN MISSION NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE WASHINGTON At the fur traders' Green River rendezvous that A first task in starting educational work was to Waiilatpu, the emigrants replenished their supplies perstitious Cayuse attacked the mission on November year the two men talked to some Flathead and Nez learn the Indians' languages. The missionaries soon from Whitman's farm before continuing down the 29 and killed Marcus Whitman, his wife, and 11 WHITMAN Perce and were convinced that the field was promis­ devised an alphabet and began to print books in Columbia. others. The mission buildings were destroyed. Of ing. To save time, Parker continued on to explore Nez Perce and Spokan on a press brought to Lapwai the survivors a few escaped, but 49, mostly women Oregon for sites, and Whitman returned east to in 1839. These books were the first published in STATION ON THE and children, were taken captive. Except for two MISSION recruit workers. Arrangements were made to have the Pacific Northwest. OREGON TRAIL young girls who died, this group was ransomed a Rev. Henry Spalding and his wife, Eliza, William For part of each year the Indians went away to month later by Peter Skene Ogden of the Hudson's Waiilatpu, "the Place of the Rye Grass," is the Gray, and Narcissa Prentiss, whom Whitman mar­ the buffalo country, the camas meadows, and the When the Whitmans Bay Company. The massacre ended Protestant mis­ site of a mission founded among the Cayuse Indians came overland in 1836, the in 1836 by Marcus and Narcissa Whitman. As ried on February 18, 1836, assist with the work.
    [Show full text]
  • Eugene Casimir Chirouse, a Pioneer in Oregon and Washington Territories
    CHIROUSE The Reverend Father Eugene Casimir Chirouse, a Pioneer in Oregon and Washington Territories Eugene Casimir Chirouse, O.M.I.1 My personal journey back in time through the records of his life. ©Betty Lou Gaeng -- 2011 1 1 1 1 1 Photo from an old daguerreotype image of a very young Father Chirouse -- Archives of PagePagePage Marquette University. Page There were five men, all born in France, living in the protection and refinement of a seminary in Marseilles. They had a lofty mission. They came to the new country of the United States heading west to the frontier. Arriving at their destination, they faced the dangers of starvation, poverty and perils they could not have imagined. With nothing to protect them but faith in God and their tattered black robes they became part of our history in Oregon and Washington Territories. They were the Oblates of Mary Immaculate of the Roman Catholic Church. The year was 1847, and in what is now the southeast corner of Washington and the northeast section of Oregon, the relationship between the native people and the white settlers was at a boiling point. These five men were different than the settlers encroaching on this land. They came to live with the native people, to teach and convert—not to take their land, but to save souls and to educate. Seldom mentioned in history books, they were important pioneers in our state. The Oblates were among the first white men to come to the area that became Olympia. Olympia has a beautiful park because of them.
    [Show full text]
  • Church Bulletin Inserts-Year Two
    Church Bulletin Inserts-Year Two 57 Anna Spencer 88 Elizabeth Haynes 58 Joel Linsley 89 John Davenport 59 John Cotton 90 Philo Parsons 60 Phyllis Wheatly 91 Abigail Wittelsey 61 Richard Mather 92 Queen Kaahumanu 62 William Goodell 93 Elkanah Walker 63 Sarah Lanman Smith 94 Marcus Whitman 64 Abigal Adams 95 Samuel Seawall 65 Henry Obookiah 96 Mary Chilton 66 Harriot Beecher Stowe 97 Hugh Proctor 67 Gordon Hall 98 Owen Lovejoy 68 Don Mullen 99 John Wise 69 Emma Cushman 100 Harvey Kitchel 70 John Shipherd 101 Frank Laubach 71 John Winthrop 102 Isaac Watts 72 Mary Richardson 103 Charles Chauncy 73 James O'Kelly 104 Mary Brewster 74 Elizabeth Hopkins 105 Josiah Grinnell 75 Francis Peloubet 106 Eleazar Wheelock 76 Mary Dyer 107 Samuel Hopkins 77 Lemuel Haynes 78 Oliver Otis Howard 79 Gaius Atkins 80 Priscilla Alden 81 Neesima Shimeta 82 James Pennington 83 Anne Hutchinson 84 William Bradford 85 Catherine Beecher 86 Horace Bushnell-1 87 Horace Bushnell-2 Did you know Anna Garlin Spencer… Born in 1851, Anna Garlin Spencer is known as a woman of many firsts. She was the first woman ordained as a minster in the state of Rhode Call To Worship Island (an ‘independent’ serving an independent chapel), the first woman L: We are keepers of the Way. to serve as a leader in Ethical Culture. She was also a pioneer in the C: We come, aware of our place as 21st Century pilgrims. profession of social work, a college teacher, an author and expert on the family. L: May we bring to this worship hour and to our very lives, a commitment to refashion this world for Christ.
    [Show full text]
  • Avondale Project
    Avondale Project Tina Marie Bell Bureau of Reclamation 1996 Table of Contents Avondale Project ..............................................................2 Project Location.........................................................2 Historic Setting .........................................................2 Project Authorization.....................................................5 Construction History .....................................................6 Post-Construction History.................................................7 Settlement of Project Lands ...............................................10 Project Benefits and Uses of Project Water...................................10 Conclusion............................................................11 Bibliography ................................................................12 Archival Collections ....................................................12 Government Documents .................................................12 Books ................................................................12 Index ................................................................13 1 Avondale Project The Avondale Project was developed privately in the early 1900s to bring irrigation water to approximately 860 acres of land in northern Idaho. Reclamation stepped in to help rehabilitate and improve this irrigation system in the mid-1950s , and again in the early 1960s in order to provide local water users with a stable supply of irrigation and domestic water.1 Project Location The Avondale Project
    [Show full text]
  • Setting O'lit for the West
    Washington State University \ Setting O'lit for the West: Mary Richardson Walker, Won1en, and Place in the Nineteenth Century American Missionary Movement KaraMowery Spring 2010 Advisor: Dr. Jennifer Thigpen Department of History College of Liberal Arts Honors Thesis ************************* PASS WITH DISTINCTION TO THE UNIVERSITY HONORS COLLEGE: \ As thesis advisor for I</t-IQ It 1-10 IV E-;(2~ I have read this paper and find it satisfactory. Date Precis Mary Richardson was a young woman from Maine who, in 1838, married the Methodist missionary Elkanah Walker and promptly said good-bye to her friends and family to become one of the first white women to cross the Rockies and establish a missionary near present-day Spokane, Washington. At this time, rigid boundaries confined men and women to certain roles and expectations within society. Women were expec~d to be pious, pure, and meek; their domain was the domestic sphere, where they attended to childrearing and religious matters for the family. The missionary wives that left America's borders experienced a revolutionary change in gender roles: in their departure from the neighborhoods and cities that enforced strict social guidelines, women found themselves thrust into both foreign environments and roles within their newfound communities. Necessity allowed them to partake in activities previously frowned upon or forbidden. Mary Richardson Walker provides a prime example of how a physical movement allowed a psychological and societal departure from established beliefs and standards in relation to gender roles and beliefs regarding the inherent nature of men and women. The Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections area of the Washington State University Libraries in Pullman holds Mary's personal effects, including her diary, correspondences, ~atercolor paintings from throughout her lifetime.
    [Show full text]
  • Tii1ztpm in the Pacific Northwest in the Pacific K Story of Missionary Days K Story of a -- T5o $T.R Arg-Nf-Tt- Aeaict in Memory of Lissette ' ?Eter
    Tii1ztpM Its Rise fliTLd Fall k story of Missionary days in the Pacific Northwest 1836 184T Miles Cannors A -- T5o $t.r arg-nf-tt- aeaict in memory of Lissette_' ?eter a ThL /7i55/on'' /847 WAI1LATPU ITS RISE AND FALL 1836-1847 A STORY OF PIONEER DAYS IN THEPACIFIC NORTHWEST BASED ENTIRELY UPON HISTORICAL RESEARCH By MILES CANNON FEATURING T H B JOURNEY 0 F NARCISSA PRENTISS WHITMAN, THE FIRST AMERICAN WOMAN TO CROSS THE CONTINENT AND LOOK UPON THE COLUMBIA RIVER-HER BEAUTIFUL CHARACTER-INCIDENTS OF THE TRAIL-HER MISSIONARY LIFE WITH THE CAYUSE INDIANS -HER DREADFUL MASSACRE TOGETHER WITH HER HUSBAND AND TWELVE OTHERS-THE TAKING INTO CAPTIVITY OF TWO SCORE WOMEN AND GIRLS, AND THE TREATMENT ACCORDED THEM BY THE SAVAGE INDIANS- THE FINAL RESCUE, ETC. 'TEUS WE ARE PUT IN TRAINING FOR A. LOVE WHICH KNOWS NO SEX. NOR PERSON. NOR PARTIALITY, BUT WHICHSEEKETH VIRTUE AND WISDOM EVERYWHERE, TO THE END OF INCREAS- ING VIRTUE AND WISDOM" 1915 CAPITAL NEws JoB ROOMS BoISE. IDAHo TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I Page I NARCISSA PRENTISS-THE AMERICAN BOARD-LIBERTY LANDING-REV. SAMUEL PARKER-JYR. MARCUS WHITMAN. Chapter II Page 5 A STUDY OF DR. WHITMAN-THE MARRIAGE-HENRY H. SPAIJLDING-A PEACE CON1RENCE-WM. H. GRAY-MRS. SPAULDING. Chapter III Page S A STUDY OF HENRY H, SPAULDING-THE RECONCILIA- TION-DESCRIPTION OF MRS. SPAULDING. Chapter IV Page 11 THE START-ARRIVAL AT ST. LOUIS-TWILIGHT ON THE MISSOURI-THE AMERICAN FUR COMPANY-OTOR AGENCY - FORT LARAMIE - BELLEVUE - FORT HALL - PA'WNEE VILLAGE. Chapter V Page 17 ON THE OREGON TRAIL-THE GREEN RIVER RENDEZ- VOUS-INCIDENTS OF THE JOURNEY-GRAY'S IMPRES- SIONS-JULY 4TH, ON THE SUMMIT-THE LAMENT.
    [Show full text]
  • Pinkney Lugenbeel
    PINKNEY LUGENBEEL THIS PLACE IS ROMANTIC AND WILD An Historic Overview of the Cascades Area, Fort Cascades, and the Cascade Townsite, Washington Territory. THIS PLACE IS ROMANTIC AND WILD: AN HISTORICAL OWVERVIEW OF THE CASCADES AREA, FORT CASCADES, AND THE CASCADES TOWNSITE, WASHINGTON TERRITORY By Stephen Dow Beckham Report to Portland District U. S. Army Corps of Engineers under Contract No. DACW57-c-0083 Heritage Research Assococites 2393 Emerald Street Eugene, Oregon 97403 April 10, 1984 Heritage Research Associates Report No. 27 Pinkney Lugenbeel — Page 2 Pinkney Lugenbeel —Page 3 The Upper Blockhouse (Fort Lugenbeel) occupied a prominent position over the small civilian community at the Upper Landing. (courtesy Oregon Historical Society) UPPER BLOCKHOUSE (FORT LUGENBEEL) The Upper Blockhouse, also known as Fort Lugenbeel, stood at the Upper Landing in Section 37, T.2N., R7E. The structure was located atop a hill overlooking the small islands at the head of the portage along the north bank of the Columbia River. The site was first used for military purposes when in 1847, during the Cayuse Indian War, volunteer soldiers established Fort Gilliam at the Upper Landing. Also known as The Cabins, these crude buildings sheltered troops and supplies destined for service in the conflicts farther to the east. (Victor 1894:157-158). During the outbreak of the Indians in March, 1856, the military had no garrison at this site. Civilians forted up in the Bradford store while the Indians burned many of the pioneer buildings scattered about the area. By June 17, 1856, however, the Army had moved in with determination.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of Archaeological Potential for Proposed Upgrades to Riverfront Park, Spokane, Washington
    An Assessment of Archaeological Potential for Proposed Upgrades to Riverfront Park, Spokane, Washington By Ashley M. Morton, M.A., RPA Fort Walla Walla Museum, Heritage Research Services With Contributions by James B. Harrison, M.A. Spokane Tribe of Indians Preservation Program Prepared for the City of Spokane Parks and Recreation Department 808 West Spokane Falls Boulevard Spokane, WA 99201 Aerial View of the Riverfront Park area ca. 1929 (courtesy of Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, Spokane, Washington) Final Technical Report 16-01 755 Myra Road Walla Walla, WA 99362 June 8, 2016 Table of Contents List of Figures………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….iv List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………v Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..vi Chapter 1 Project Background ..................................................................................................................... 1 Native American Culture History in Eastern Washington ....................................................................... 4 Paleoarchaic Period (c.a. 11,000 to 8,000 B.P.) .................................................................................... 4 Early Archaic/Coyote Period (8,000 B.P. – 5,000 B.P.) .......................................................................... 4 Middle Archaic/ Salmon & Eagle Periods (5,000 B.P. – 2,000 B.P.) ..................................................... 4 Late Archaic/Turtle Period (2,000 B.P. – 280 B.P.) ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • History and Special Sites 3 - 1
    HISTORY AND SPECIAL SITES 3 - 1 HISTORY AND SPECIAL SITES The State Archeological Register at the University of Idaho currently lists 302 historical Community Vision 2028 and archeological sites in Kootenai County. “We treasure this place we call home. The Approximately 250 sites are classified as non- beauty of its land, lakes, rivers, and forests native historic sites and are primarily related to ground us in our sense of place. We relish its early industry and located on federal land (see the spaces, its views, and the wildlife that shares it Historical Preservation Commission for further with us. We want to preserve and protect it.” information for maps, special sites, and Kezziah Watkins Report documents.) Overview1 The history of Kootenai County and its special sites have historical, archeological, and cultural significance and are important to the established character and identity of this community. The County has a diverse social and cultural history, with several Native American societies established long before European settlement of the region. Early pioneer settlement revolved around fur trapping, mining, and timber industries. Traces of these lifestyles remain in archeological sites, historic buildings, and landmarks throughout the County. Many sites and structures that have played an important role in local cultural experiences and history have been Fort Sherman Chapel, 1880 lost to growth and development. Careful The National Historic Register considers a consideration of remaining special sites is site to be historic if it is associated with any of the required to preserve and protect these following: an event that had an impact on the irreplaceable cultural resources.
    [Show full text]
  • To Labor As an Indian Travels: What the Spokan Indians Taught the Eells and Walkers, Early Missionaries on the Columbia Plateau
    Eastern Washington University EWU Digital Commons EWU Masters Thesis Collection Student Research and Creative Works 2013 To labor as an Indian travels: what the Spokan Indians taught the Eells and Walkers, early missionaries on the Columbia Plateau Pippin J. Rubin Eastern Washington University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.ewu.edu/theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Rubin, Pippin J., "To labor as an Indian travels: what the Spokan Indians taught the Eells and Walkers, early missionaries on the Columbia Plateau" (2013). EWU Masters Thesis Collection. 177. https://dc.ewu.edu/theses/177 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research and Creative Works at EWU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in EWU Masters Thesis Collection by an authorized administrator of EWU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact jotto@ewu.edu. TO LABOR AS AN INDIAN TRAVELS: WHAT THE SPOKAN INDIANS TAUGHT THE EELLS AND WALKERS, EARLY MISSIONARIES ON THE COLUMBIA PLATEAU ________________________________________________________________________ A Thesis Presented to Eastern Washington University Cheney, Washington ________________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts ________________________________________________________________________ By Pippin J. Rubin Spring 2013 THESIS OF PIPPIN J. RUBIN APPROVED BY _____________________________________ DATE_______________ DR. LIPING ZHU, GRADUATE STUDY COMMITTEE CHAIR ______________________________________ DATE_______________ DR. JERRY R. GALM, GRADUATE STUDY COMMITTEE MEMBER MASTER’S THESIS In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Eastern Washington University, I agree that the JFK Library shall make copies freely available for inspection. I further agree that copying of this project in whole or in part is allowable only for scholarly purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • LABORING in the DESERT: the LETTERS and DIARIES of NARCISSA PRENTISS WHITMAN and IDA HUNT UDALL by GENEVIEVE J. LONG a DISSERTAT
    LABORING IN THE DESERT: THE LETTERS AND DIARIES OF NARCISSA PRENTISS WHITMAN AND IDA HUNT UDALL by GENEVIEVE J. LONG A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of English and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2002 "Laboring in the Desert: The Letters and Diaries of Narcissa Prentiss Whitman and Ida Hunt Udall," a dissertation prepared by Genevieve J. Long in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of English. This dissertation has been approved and accepted by: c"? c{/ Dr. Mary E. Wood, Chair of the ExaminingCAI Committee Date Committee in charge: Dr. Mary E. Wood, Chair Dr. Shari Huhndorf Dr. Peggy Pascoe Dr. Gordon Sayre Accepted by: Dean of th ra uate Sch iii An Abstract of the Dissertation of Genevieve J. Long for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English to be taken December 2002 Title: LABORING IN THE DESERT: THE LETTERS AND DIARIES OF NARCISSA PRENTISS WHITMAN AND IDA HUNT UDALL Approved: M . Mary E. Wood Presbyterian missionary Narcissa Prentiss Whitman and Mormon polygamous wife Ida Hunt Udall believed God had called them to special missions. These women faced similar challenges in exchanging the comforts of middle-class life for what they felt was a higher calling. In following their chosen vocations, both challenged expectations for nineteenth-century women, coming under scrutiny within and without their faith communities. In order to record their missions, set down their reasons for living as they did and create a space where they felt at home, despite their frequent isolation from friends and kin, both Whitman and Udall wrote extensively about their lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Whitman Mission NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE
    Whitman Mission NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE . WASHINGTON Waiilatpu, "the Place of the People of the Rye first American women to cross the continent Grass," is the site of a mission founded among overland, and the missionaries' wagon, reduced the Cayuse Indians in 1836 by Marcus and Nar- to a cart, was the first vehicle to travel as far cissa Whitman. As emigrants moved into the west as Fort Boise. The trek was to inspire many Pacific Northwest in increasing numbers in the families to follow. 1840s, the mission also became an important station on the Oregon Trail. Inevitably, deep cul­ Escorted by traders of the American Fur Com­ tural conflicts marked the missionary effort, pany and the Hudson's Bay Company, the mis­ culminating in Indian violence that ended the mis­ sionaries reached the Columbia River on sion 11 years after the coming of the Whitmans. September 1, 1836. After a brief visit at Fort Vancouver, the Hudson's Bay Company's Co­ The story of Waiilatpu mission is one of devo­ lumbia Department headquarters, the men re­ tion and courage. In the face of obstacles set turned up the Columbia to establish their mis­ for them by the wilderness and a proud, un­ sions. The women remained at the fort as guests civilized people, the Whitmans brought Christi­ of Chief Factor John McLoughlin. anity to the Indians, taught them the beginnings of agriculture and letters, and made Waiilatpu Already other mission societies were active in a haven for overland travelers. In an age care­ Oregon at this time. In 1834 Methodists under less of the rights of the aborigines, the Jason Lee began missionary work in the Wil­ Whitmans were among the noblest of the west­ lamette Valley.
    [Show full text]