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Connection Design Examples Using the 2015 NDS (DES345)

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Connection Design Examples Using the 2015 NDS (DES345) Connection Design Examples Using the 2015 NDS (DES345) Lori Koch, P.E. Adam Robertson, M.A.Sc., P.Eng. Manager, Educational Outreach Manager, Codes and Standards American Wood Council Canadian Wood Council COURSE DESCRIPTION With the variety of fasteners available for wood construction, this presentation will provide a basic understanding of connections that includes design examples based on the 2015 National Design Specification® (NDS®) for Wood Construction. Solutions for nailed, screwed, and bolted connections will be presented, along with specific information on calculating shear capacity as well as withdrawal capacity. Multiple approaches to calculating capacity will be discussed, including tabulated references, calculation-based techniques, and computer program solutions (including WoodWorks® Connections software). Material properties for fasteners as well as connected materials including wood-to-wood, wood-to-steel, and wood-to-concrete will be discussed. Disclaimer: Portions of this presentation were developed by a third party and are not funded by American Wood Council or the Softwood Lumber Board. DES 345 – Connection Design Examples The American Wood Council is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES), Provider # 50111237. Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request. This course is registered with AIA CES for Participants may download the continuing professional education. As such, it does presentation here: not include content that may be deemed or http://www.awc.org/education/resources construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. DES 345 – Connection Design Examples LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completion, participants will be better able to identify: 1 Withdrawal and Shear Loading 3 Lateral Yield Modes Be familiar with NDS provisions for fastener Understand the 6 lateral design value yield withdrawal capacity and NDS and TR-12 modes and material properties used to provisions for fastener shear capacity calculate capacity 2 NDS-based Calculations 4 Software-based Solutions Learn various approaches in the NDS for Understand the types of connections WoodWorks® software designs, how to use calculating fastener capacity the software, how to view the design results and the connection drawing output DES 345 – Connection Design Examples OUTLINE 1 Introduction 3 Shear Examples NDS Provisions on Connection Design Force is applied perpendicular to the length of the fastener 2 Withdrawal Examples 4 Computer Aided Solutions Force is applied parallel to the length of the Examples using WoodWorks® software fastener DES 345 – Connection Design Examples POLLING QUESTION What is your profession? a) Engineer b) Architect c) Building Official d) Other DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 6 NDS CH. 11 – MECHANICAL CONNECTIONS Design issues Reference design values Chapter 12 – dowel-type connectors (nails, bolts, lag/wood screws) Chapter 13 – split rings and shear plates Chapter 14 – timber rivets Adjustment factors DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 7 NDS CH. 11 – MECHANICAL CONNECTIONS DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 8 NDS CH. 12 – DOWEL-TYPE FASTENERS Withdrawal Equations for Dowel-Type Fasteners • Lag screws W = 1800 G3/2 D3/4 • Wood screws W = 2800 G2 D • Smooth shank nails (bright or galvanized carbon steel) W = 1380 G5/2 D • Post-frame ring shank nails W = 1800 G2 D DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 9 NDS CH. 12 – DOWEL-TYPE FASTENERS Withdrawal Penetration • Lag screws Do NOT include length of tapered fastener tip in penetration • Wood screws, Nails/Spikes Include length of tapered fastener tip in penetration DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 10 NDS CH. 12 – DOWEL-TYPE FASTENERS Withdrawal based on inches of penetration into main member DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 11 WITHDRAWAL EXAMPLES Withdrawal examples • Smooth shank nail • Lag screw DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 12 Withdrawal Design Value - Plain Shank Nail Using 2015 NDS section 12.2, calculate the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) reference withdrawal capacity of an 8d common plain shank nail in the connection below: Main member: Spruce-Pine-Fir Nominal 4x (Actual dimension 3.5 in.) (G = 0.42) Side member: 12 gage (0.105 in. thick) ASTM A653 Grade 33 steel side plate Fastener Dimensions: 8d nail (NDS Table L4) Length = 2.5 in. Diameter = 0.131 in. D 0.131 Fastener diameter (in.) G 0.42 Specific gravity (NDS Table 12.3.3A) L 2.5 Nail Length (in.) Ls 0.105 Side Member thickness (in.) pt LL s Nail penetration into main member (in.) pt 2.395 5 2 W 1380 G D NDS Equation 12.2-3 W 20.7 Reference withdrawal design value. Compare to NDS Table 12.2C, W = 21 lbs/in Resistance p W t Resistance based on main member penetration (lbs) Resistance 49 AWC Online Connection Calculator gives identical result of 49 lbs See NDS Table 11.3.1 for application of additional adjustment factors for connections based on end use conditions. Withdrawal Design Value - Lag Screw Using 2015 NDS provisions (NDS 12.2) calculate the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) withdrawal capacity of a lag screw in the connection below: Main member: Southern Pine Nominal 6x (Actual thickness = 5.5 in.) (G = 0.55) (NDS Table 12.3.3A) Side member: Southern Pine Nominal 2x (Actual thickness = 1.5 in.) (G = 0.55) (NDS Table 12.3.3A) Fastener Dimensions: 1/2 in. diameter lag screw (NDS Table L2) Length = 4 in. Tip Length = 0.3125 in. D 0.5 Fastener diameter (in.) tip 0.3125 Fastener tapered tip length (in.) G 0.55 Specific gravity (NDS Table 12.3.3A) L4 Lag screw length (in.) Ls 1.5 Side Member thickness (in.) pt LL s tip Lag screw penetration into main member (in.) pt 2.188 3 3 2 4 W 1800 G D NDS Equation 12.2-1 W 436.6 Compare to NDS Reference Withdrawal Design Value Table 12.2A, W = 437 lbs/in. Resistance p W t Resistance based on main member penetration (lbs) Resistance 955 AWC Online Connection Calculator gives identical result of 955 lbs See NDS Table 11.3.1 for application of additional adjustment factors for connections based on end use conditions. NDS CH. 12 – DOWEL-TYPE FASTENERS •4 Yield Modes •6 Yield Equations •Single & Double Shear •Wood-to-Wood •Wood-to-Steel •Wood-to-Concrete Members must be in contact at shear plane – NO GAPS! DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 13 YIELD MODES MODE I • bearing-dominated yield of wood fibers MODE II • pivoting of fastener with localized crushing of wood fibers MODE III •fastener yield in bending at one plastic hinge and localized crushing of wood fibers MODE IV • fastener yield in bending at two plastic hinges and localized crushing of wood DES 345 – Connection Design Examples fibers 14 POLLING QUESTION The NDS Yield Limit Equations for Modes II and IIIm do not apply to Single Shear connections. a) True b) False DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 15 DOWEL BEARING STRENGTH DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 16 FASTENER BENDING YIELD STRENGTH Load DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 17 FASTENER BENDING YIELD STRENGTH Fastener Bending Yield Strength (Fyb) sources: • NDS Appendix I • TR-12 Appendix A • Manufacturer’s data • ICC Evaluation Service Report • ASTM F1667 Appendix DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 18 NDS CH. 12 – DOWEL-TYPE FASTENERS New DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 19 NDS CH. 12 – DOWEL-TYPE FASTENERS New Non- uniform for CLT DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 20 NDS CH. 12 – DOWEL-TYPE FASTENERS • Adjust lm or ls to compensate for orthogonal grain orientations in adjacent layers • Parallel to grain: Fe/Feǁ Example: ½” bolt in southern pine 3-ply CLT with 1-½” laminations lm = t1ǁ +t2 +t3ǁ = 3(1.5) = 4.5” lm-adj = t1ǁ +t2(Fe/Feǁ)+t3ǁ =1.5 +1.5(3650/6150) +1.5 = 3.9” DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 21 NDS CH. 12 – DOWEL-TYPE FASTENERS DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 22 NDS CH. 12 – DOWEL-TYPE FASTENERS Threaded length < lm/4 lm Dia. Fastener = D Threaded length < lm/4 lm Dia. Fastener = D DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 23 NDS CH. 12 – DOWEL-TYPE FASTENERS lm Dia. Fastener = Dr NDS Chapter 12 Tables use: • Dr for lateral yield equations for lag screws and wood screws • D for bolts DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 24 FASTENER BEARING LENGTH Tapered tip length, E: • Dimensions for Lag Screws in NDS Appendix L • Wood screws, Nails/Spikes • Tip length, E = 2D • Bearing length = penetration – E/2 • 6D minimum penetration for nails*, spikes, wood screws • 4D minimum penetration for lag screws *Exception for double shear connections with clinched nails, D ≤ 0.148” DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 25 TECHNICAL REPORT 12 Provide tools for the analysis of • gaps between members • various fastener bending moment configurations • fasteners through hollow members • fasteners with tapered tips Provides mechanics-based approach to Lateral Connection Design Calculate “P” value with TR-12 equations • divide by Rd (NDS Table 12.3.1B) to get “Z” equal to NDS values http://www.awc.org/publications/TR/index.php DES 345 – Connection Design Examples 26 TECHNICAL REPORT 12 TR-12 Appendix A • Provides design values inputs for various materials • Dowel bearing strengths (Fe) • Fastener bending yield strengths (Fyb) http://www.awc.org/publications/TR/index.php DES 345
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