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WRA Species Report Family: Acanthaceae Taxon: Justicia spicigera Synonym: Jacobinia spicigera (Schlechtendal) L.H. Bail Common Name: Mexican indigo Justicia ghiesbreghtiana (Misapplied) Yaxan Mohintli Mexican honeysuckle Firecracker bush Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: H(HPWRA) Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 8 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 n 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y Print Date: 3/27/2012 Justicia spicigera (Acanthaceae) Page 1 of 8 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 y 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 y 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 2 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 n 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: H(HPWRA) WRA Score 8 Print Date: 3/27/2012 Justicia spicigera (Acanthaceae) Page 2 of 8 Supporting Data: 101 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Is the species highly domesticated? No] No evidence Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Native from Mexico Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian southward to Colombia…" Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI 202 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Quality of climate match data? 2-High] "Native from Mexico southward to Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Colombia…" Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI 203 2012. Dave's Gardern. PlantFiles: Firecracker [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes] "Hardiness: USDA Plant, Mexican Honeysuckle, Orange Plume Zone 8a: to -12.2 °C (10 °F) USDA Zone 8b: to -9.4 °C (15 °F) USDA Zone 9a: Flower - Justicia spicigera. to -6.6 °C (20 °F) USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F) USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/1335/ (30 °F) USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F)" 203 2012. My Gardener Says…. Mexican [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes] "Most years, if there’s a Honeysuckle–Spring Show-Off. deep enough freeze, this fabulous herbaceous perennial dies to the ground and http://mygardenersays.wordpress.com/category/ju returns from its roots once temperatures warm. Then in mid to late summer, it sticia-spicigera/ begins its bloom cycle. It will bloom, sporadically, until it succumbs to the next significant freeze. During this mild winter (in Austin) in which there was no hard freeze (mid-twenties or lower), these gorgeous plants didn’t die to their roots. Mine suffered slight freeze damage on some of the foliage, but that was all." 204 2005. Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Native Garden Flora - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian from Mexico southward to Colombia…" Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI 205 2004. Daniel, T.F.. Acanthaceae of Sonora: [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural taxonomy and phytogeography. Proceedings of range? Yes] "Three species of Acanthaceae that have been collected in Sonora the California Academy of Sciences. 55: 690-805. are likely not native to the state: Justicia spicigera, Odontonema cuspidatum, and Ruellia malacosperma. All of these are widely cultivated, have been collected in gardens in the state, and are elsewhere known to either escape from or persist after cultivation." 205 2012. My Gardener Says…. Mexican [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Honeysuckle–Spring Show-Off. range? Yes] "Native to Mexico and all the way south to Columbia, it’s naturalized http://mygardenersays.wordpress.com/category/ju in parts of South Texas." sticia-spicigera/ 205 2012. Wagner, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Khan, N./Flynn, [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural T.. Hawaiian Vascular Plant Updates: A range? Yes] "newly naturalized (O`ahu, Moloka`i)" Supplement to the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai`i & Hawai`i's Ferns & Fern Allies. http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawai ianflora/supplement.htm 301 2002. Staples,G.W./Imada, C.T./Herbst, D.R.. [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "The following specimens document this New Hawaiian plant records for 2000. Bishop Central American species as naturalized in the Hawaiian Islands. It was formerly Museum Occasional Papers. 68: 3–18. known only in cultivation as an ornamental plant. It is likely that it has escaped on other islands as well. Mexican indigo is a shrub to 6' tall with opposite leaves, the blades oblong lanceolate to ovate, up to 7" long; inflorescences are few-flowered, one-sided racemes composed of 1.5" long, orange or red, 2-lipped flowers, the lower lip recurved. Material examined. O‘AHU: Honolulu, lower Round Top in disturbed dry forest along roadside above stream, near 2010 Round Top Drive, elev. ca. 61 m, 25 Mar 1998, G. Ray & E. Gibney 100. MOLOKA‘I: Hälawa Valley, naturalized in areas along road, elev. ca. 100 ft, 9 Jul 1983, K. Nagata 2671." 301 2012. My Gardener Says…. Mexican [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Native to Mexico and all the way south Honeysuckle–Spring Show-Off. to Columbia, it’s naturalized in parts of South Texas." http://mygardenersays.wordpress.com/category/ju sticia-spicigera/ Print Date: 3/27/2012 Justicia spicigera (Acanthaceae) Page 3 of 8 301 2012. Wagner, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Khan, N./Flynn, [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "newly naturalized (O`ahu, Moloka`i)" T.. Hawaiian Vascular Plant Updates: A Supplement to the Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai`i & Hawai`i's Ferns & Fern Allies. http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawai ianflora/supplement.htm 302 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No] No evidence Weeds - Justicia spicigera [Online Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/justicia_spiciger a/ 303 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? No] No evidence Weeds - Justicia spicigera [Online Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/justicia_spiciger a/ 304 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Environmental weed? No] No evidence Weeds - Justicia spicigera [Online Database].
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