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Extreme Thought from the Early Years of Islam to Now

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Extreme Thought from the Early Years of Islam to Now International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research (IJBR) ISSN 0976-2612, Online ISSN 2278–599X, Vol-7, Special Issue3-April, 2016, pp1046-1053 http://www.bipublication.com Research Article Extreme thought from the early years of Islam to now Seyyed Hussein Nezamdoost1 and Mohamadsadeghvahedifard2 1M.A student of Shiite history, Payame-noorUniversity, Mashhad unit [email protected] 2Assistant Professor of Shiite history, Payame-noor University [email protected] Department of history , payamenoor university , iran ABSTRACT “ whoever learns from ancient history when facing with problems , piety prevents him/her from falling into doubts” ( Nahj-al-Balagha , sermon 16).This study has been related to one of the most important bases of diversionary movement of the early years of Islam ( Mareqin movement) and has compared this movement with the continuity of this movement in present and has analyzed it. It has been tried to raise theconditions of the words of Imam Ali by using historical books and different explanations of Nahj-al-Balagha so that the depth of the words can be understood. In the parts of the study, objective examples and analysis related to Islamic revolution and historical appearance of Khawarij and foreignism thought have been mentioned so that the objectivity of the serious and epidemic movement can be received. On the other hand, Abadite is very important intellectually and ideologically. Ancient Abadite is the main evolutional production in foreign thought. Because primary extremist of Khawarij converted to rationality and moderation,moderation sects including Abadate trying to provide noticeable limitations without extremisms and clear faults of primary Khawarij have been resulted from it. Doubtlessly, there are weak points in this sect that the most important one is their position toward Imam Ali (p.b.u.h). Keywords:extreme thought,Khawarij, deviational movement. INTRODUCTION To explore the reasons of struggles and Studies. while this science is undeniable necessity friendships, ruing and cooperation and many to know Islam which has passed 1400 year history events that different Islamic groups and societies and record and included wide geographical range have seen, it is necessary to study the factors of and many nations, it profits from all Islamic belief and religious and sectarian views. If sciences( or almost all sciences). Science of assimilation of religions is discussed now, any religions and sects dependson other Islamic effort in this field requires the correct cognition of sciences – from history and geography to the religions and the development trend that interpretation, hadith, jurisprudence,._ it is groups believing it have had in their history; independent one in spite of using all of them and moreover, previous relations of these sects, their other sciences need its results and achievements communications ordifferences cannot be ignored. in return. Unfortunately, there is no course to Science of religions and sects with its different teach this branch of Islamic knowledge in aspects is the most important part of Islamic university. The rebels ( Khawarij) was extremist Extreme thought from the early years of Islam to now group who excluded from following Imam Ali of attitudes with special views in a special and committed violent acts being inconsistent religion. with principles and criteria of Quran and divine 2) A sect has common beliefswith its peer groups edicts. In Islam,moderation thought is based on in generalities and has differences in some theoretical principles that Quran has formed by issues. But, these issues are related to theology prophet and that Islamic prophet and imams have and beliefs and are not related to behaviors, the acted. Khawarij wasextremist group that broke conventional and prescriptive commandments. Islamic principles and disobeyed Imam Ali This characteristic separates sect from religion. (p.b.u.h) and there was a bloody war among them. Sources of Study of sects are considered the This group left an incorrect way that Islamic sect term as negative concept as if the nation never follow and develop it; thus, it did not followers of each sect separated from general lasted in the history other than it has appeared in body of Muslims. some periods. On the other hand, the Abadite(a 3) Sometimes, there is difference of beliefs in sect of Islamic among the rebels (Khawarij) was sectsand it sometimes indicates political party the minority among Muslims and has remained up (Khawarij, opponent political party). to now (contraryto Khawarij). Their history is that DefinitionSect is a group of people having of a nation having hardly tried to maintain their common religious beliefs and opinions or life and identity; history with ups and downs in common religious understanding and having different regions of Islamic world, and the history difference in some theological issues in spite of of thosewho sometimeswere in power and common belief with their fellows in religious sometimes failed and were ruined. But they didn’t generalities. The Islamic sect means a group desistnationalism; even they seclude themselves having been formed in society of Muslims and on by principles of belief and social terms in the the basis of abelief of their beliefs, whetherthis hardest condition. If they were controlled by belief is correct or not. Although , nations and people with different religion, they maintain their sects books have mentioned differences in age religion stubbornly. However, this study which of prophet, ( even in the time of his death) , wasanalytic, comparative and descriptive has these differences ,in fact, were not deep nor did introduced Khawarij on the basis of recitation of they motivated politically or religiously which Imams to compare the primary Khawarij with can be named sects- making differences. But the commentaryAbadite of Oman. first bigdifference which was occurred after death Thought- thought and beliefs of Khawarij (the of prophet formed the sects. This difference was rebels) about the succession of prophet (for example, Sect term Shahrestani mentioned the doubts of hypocrites in Sect term means to separate. This term has the the age of prophet, the difference after his death, same meaning in Quran and religious texts. But, in Osameh army). idiom, it means a group or society with special Why Khawarij(the rebel) was formed (the conditions and includes several points: reason of appearing Khawarij) 1) This term is referred to a group that its Khawarij war was different from Jamal and members are in a special religion and maintain Seffein wars, but its result and effect on making common views with their peer groups and difference in Islamic world was same. Jamal and have differences with their fellows in some Seffeinwars resultedfrom typeof power loving and issues and discussions. When nations and deviation. But,Khawarij resulted from intellectual, sects arediscussed in sources, nations mean the religious deviation and social and educational followers of religions and ritual separating base. This sect perception and view of religion from each other and sects mean the followers and religious patterns was different from otherMuslims, especially Imam Ali (p.b.u.h). The Seyyed Hussein Nezamdoost, et al. 1047 Extreme thought from the early years of Islam to now members of this sect have defined the sin and society. People of this sect saw the political atheism strictly and they were extremist not only game of Qoraish for caliphate andknew theirIslam in its definition but also in its proofs. The first as aristocratic one. In other words, they thought issue was that internal difference among Muslims, that they did not profit; why Bani-Omayeh or especially indefinition of atheism and faith, Bani-Hashim always is in power? They felt that appeared in the event of Othman. In protesting to they can be in power on the basis of Islam, him, he had been accused of atheism and had although they did not believe political power and introduced as innovator (heretic). Even, some of centrality of governance in the beginning and the most famous companions considered him as thought about obtaining their primary freedom. infidel. Ofcourse, this difference of opinion was Why do some tribes dominate them under the proposed in the conflict with apostates limitedly. banner of Islam? What does the governance But the event ended soon and caused the caliph to mean? If it has such meaning, why is there a be killed. The result was that people who agreed condition to be Qoreish?We must not forget that and disagreed with Othman established two Khawarij did not accept the condition to be religious sects named Shiite and Sunny. Further Qoreish. This could be one of the main developments increased this difference. Sunny components of their rebellion. Primary tribes had was based on Othman and previous caliphs, and shown their power to rebel against Othman Shiite was based on Imam Ali (p.b.u.h) and Islam. andconsidered Imam Ali as caliph and became Intellectually, this question is raised by many rebellious immediately and revealed their Muslims that can a person be the caliph of independent. This is a trend which must be Muslims while being accused to atheism? We considered important in advent of Khawarij. One know that Khawarij knew Othman as infidel of the main groups placed in Khawarij structure forreasons,as they knew Imam Ali as infidel due was a group named Qarra. This group was present to governance. However, it can be said that in the rebellion against Othman. Depending on theevent began from that time. The second issue Quran was one of the main procedures of is existed after the defeat of followers of Jamal; Khawarij movement which was related to Qarra because many Iraqi nations expected to take group. Their superficial observing toward Quran possession of booty. But, by preventing from had affected the perception of their religion study taking booty, they were firstly faced with and this mainly influenced their extremism.
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