DOCSLIB.ORG

A SORRY SAGA in the CANADIAN MILITARY Courtesy of the Liberal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A SORRY SAGA in the CANADIAN MILITARY Courtesy of the Liberal A SORRY SAGA IN THE CANADIAN MILITARY Courtesy of the Liberal Governments of Lester Pearson, PE Trudeau, Jean Chretien, Paul Martin 1960s –1970s –1980s -1990s - 2000s All the world is aware of the often-used, incorrect-grammar expression, “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it!” Yet, in Ottawa, Canada, in the middle days of 1960s, the Liberal government of Prime Minister Lester B Pearson decided to fix what wasn’t broken. Leading the charge to correct a perceived wrong were Defence Minister Paul Hellyer and Associate Minister of Defence Lucien Cardin, who tabled a white paper in Parliament of Canada on 26 March 1964. The white paper outlined a major restructuring of the separate armed forces – army, navy and air force – that envisioned a reorganisation that would include the integration of operations, logistics support, personnel, and administration of the separate branches under a functional command system. 1 History has recorded that the proposal met with stiff opposition from personnel in each of the three services. As a consequence, the Royal Canadian Navy’s senior operational commander, Rear Admiral William Landymore was dismissed as well as the forced retirement of other senior officers in Canada’s military. A well-used and readily-understood RCN expression ‘The rot has set in,” seemed appropriate. Unfortunately, the protests of military personnel and their supporters had no effect and on 1 February 1968, Bill C-243, the Canadian Forces Reoganisation Act, was granted Royal Assent and the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force were combined into one service – the Canadian Armed Forces. Within the newly-minted Canadian Armed Forces [CAF], much rancour amongst military personnel set in and the mood among the soldiers, sailors and airmen [female gender understood] was foul. The general public in the 1 Wikipedia, Unification of the Canadian Armed Forces 1 meantime was fed a line that might best be described as tap-dancing around a hole all the while hoping not to fall in. The public received doses of stuff that suggested, strongly, that the reorganisation would achieve cost savings and provide improved command, control, and integration of the military forces. 2 To back up that ‘stuff,’ Defence Minister Paul Hellyer, on 4 November 1966, announced that “the amalgamation … will provide the flexibility to enable Canada to meet in the most effective manner the military requirements of the future. It will also establish Canada as an unquestionable leader in the field of military organisation.” 3 Hellyer’s announcement was met with much derision by a large number of serving military personnel who expressed, sometimes rather vociferously, that “Hellyer didn’t know his arse from a hole in the ground!” One backlash that the then-serving Liberal ministers did not anticipate was that “they were accused of not caring for the traditions behind each individual service, especially as the long-standing navy, army and air force identities were replaced with common army-style ranks and rifle green uniforms. Rather than loyalty to each service, which, as military historian Jack Granatstein put it, was ‘vital for sailors, soldiers, and airmen and women’ who ‘risk their lives to serve.’”4 Hellyer, who had joined the Royal Canadian Air Force as an enlisted man and then was mustered out and into the Canadian Army during World War Two, wanted “loyalty to the new, all-encompassing Canadian Armed Forces, this, it was said, caused damage to the spirit de corps for sailors, soldiers and air crew and personnel.” 5 What Hellyer got was derision – full blast! Rather than correct what was clearly a mistake, Hellyer carried on with his destruction of Canada’s military and thus: “Army personnel and equipment were placed under an entity known as Mobile Command – later to be renamed Land Force Command; Navy personnel and ships 2 Wikipedia, Unification of the Canadian Armed Forces 3 Ibid 4 Ibid 5 Ibid 2 were placed under Maritime Command and personnel of the former RCAF were divided between Mobile Command, Air Defence Command, Air Transport Command, and Training Command. In 1975, all aircraft of the CAF were placed under a new command known as Air Command.”6 The ‘rot’ that has been mentioned earlier, had set in, firmly; but the serving members’ bitterness and outward disgust with the integration/unification did not end there. “The move toward unification, as well as other budget and cost- cutting moves during the 1980s and 1990s were opposed by many and is sometimes seen as a fault of the Canadian Forces. Many veterans objected to unification and sometimes referred to branches of their pre-unification titles.” 7 In the intervening years from then to present [May 2016], several additional changes in command structure occurred and as the Cold War gave way to lesser conflicts, so, too, did certain components of the Canadian Forces. For instance, the CF maintained two bases in Germany for more than 30 years during the aforementioned Cold War and they were closed in the early 1990s, and Canadian Forces Europe disbanded after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the reunification of Germany. Also, Material Command was disbanded during the 1980s, the Communications Command was disbanded during a mid-1990s reorganisation and Mobile Command was renamed Land Force Command. On 16 August 2011, the three environmental commands of the Canadian Armed Forces were renamed to reflect the names of the original historical armed forces. Air Command was changed to the Royal Canadian Air Force; Maritime Command was changed to the Royal Canadian Navy and Land Force Command was changed to Canadian Army. The government made these changes to align Canada with other key Commonwealth countries whose militaries use the royal designation, and to indicate that it respected Canada’s 8 military heritage. 6 Ibid 7 Ibid 8 Ibid 3 Although the air force, army and navy ‘titles’ were restored to their former names, the unified command structure of the Canadian Armed Forces was not altered by this change. Unlike the situation prior to 1968 where the services existed as separate legal entities, the current Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army and Royal Canadian Air Force have no separate legal status and continue to exist as elements of the Canadian Armed Forces.9 It is worth noting that what began as a Liberal government attempt to create something different by following the route of bureaucratic bungling and political prattling was met with the near-constant roar of dissatisfaction from those who actually were tasked with carrying out the fiasco, and coupled with a generous dose of common sense applied by those on the fringes, the ‘rot’ was, eventually, reduced but not eradicated, to be replaced with solid, standard, well-understood and agreed-upon military terms and sailors were once again sailors and soldiers were again soldiers and airmen and women were once again, airmen and airwomen – each wearing proudly the uniforms of their respective service. Thanks for all of this must be given, first, to the then-serving army, navy and air force personnel who individually kept up a near-constant barrage of comment against the Liberal foolishness. Aiding and abetting the move was the Conservative government, first of Prime Minister Mulroney and later by that of Prime Minister Harper who saw the error of Prime Ministers Pearson and Trudeau’s integration/unification programme, aided in their quest to ‘fix what ain’t broke,’ by Defence Minister Paul Hellyer and Associate Defence Minister Lucien Cardin, and acted accordingly. Bravo Zulu10 to intelligent individuals who saw wrong and corrected what needed correcting. Amalgamation- a pre-World War Two thought 9 Ibid 10 BZ – a naval term expressing ‘well done’ and often is signalled between ships following a particularly difficult manoeuvre or achievement. It is not given often and is not given lightly. 4 Inasmuch as the word ‘integration’ came to the fore in the Canadian military in mid-1960s, it had been tossed around before World War Two but under the name ‘amalgamation.’ At the end of the Second World War the Canadian armed services were three distinct entities each independent from the other in terms of policy, management and hierarchy. Each functioned under its own minister as head and designated its own military head, chains of command, logistic system, rank structure and uniforms. Although some had proposed the concept of Unification as early as the prewar period, the slow process of blending the services probably began in 1946. Then, as Prime Minister Mackenzie King appointed a single minister to be responsible for defence, with the ability to appoint Associate Ministers for each service, as appropriate. 11 It is quite probable that WWII cast aside any immediate thought about ‘amalgamating’ the Canadian military into one unit; but the idea remained firmly planted in the minds of certain politicians and civil servants. It was under the direction of the newly appointed Minister of Defence, Brook Claxton, in the 1950s that the earnest shift toward unification began. First, a new National Defence Act standardized the legal framework for all three services, granting equal legal status and standardized military law and justice systems. 12 The position of Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee allowed the minister to appoint a figurehead chairman of the tri-service panel independent from their seniority of service. Although this chairman was not granted any executive powers over the other services the appointment allowed for further institutional integration. Then, under Conservative Minister George R. Pearkes the integration of specialist roles, such as legal, medical and chaplain services were established. As well, logistic functions, such as common cataloguing systems, food procurement and postal services 13 were adopted by the army and provided to all three services.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Limits to Influence: the Club of Rome and Canada
    THE LIMITS TO INFLUENCE: THE CLUB OF ROME AND CANADA, 1968 TO 1988 by JASON LEMOINE CHURCHILL A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2006 © Jason Lemoine Churchill, 2006 Declaration AUTHOR'S DECLARATION FOR ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION OF A THESIS I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This dissertation is about influence which is defined as the ability to move ideas forward within, and in some cases across, organizations. More specifically it is about an extraordinary organization called the Club of Rome (COR), who became advocates of the idea of greater use of systems analysis in the development of policy. The systems approach to policy required rational, holistic and long-range thinking. It was an approach that attracted the attention of Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. Commonality of interests and concerns united the disparate members of the COR and allowed that organization to develop an influential presence within Canada during Trudeau’s time in office from 1968 to 1984. The story of the COR in Canada is extended beyond the end of the Trudeau era to explain how the key elements that had allowed the organization and its Canadian Association (CACOR) to develop an influential presence quickly dissipated in the post- 1984 era. The key reasons for decline were time and circumstance as the COR/CACOR membership aged, contacts were lost, and there was a political paradigm shift that was antithetical to COR/CACOR ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • Village by CHARLES HENRY PRESTON
    Descendants of Roger Preston of Ipswich and Salem Village By CHARLES HENRY PRESTON Salem, Massachusetts THE ESSEX INSTITUTE 1931 [Reprinted from the Historical Collections of the Essex Institute, Volumes LXI-LXVII.] Salem, Massachusetts NEWCOMB & GAUSS CO., Printm 1 9 3 1 ROGER PRESTON'S LEASE OF THE DOWNING FARM IN SALEM INTRODUCTORY NOTE This volume of the genealogy of the descendants of Roger Preston, who settled in Ipswich, Tufassachusetts, in 1635 or soon after, is the result of more than twenty years research and correspondence, and gives a fairly complete account of his descendants bearing the name of Preston, and many allied families. The work has been greatly complicated, especially in the earlier generations, by the fact that several other Prestons were in New England very early, and the descendants of each have covered much of the same territory. A William Preston settled first in Dorchester, Massa­ chusetts, in 1635, thence went to New Haven, Connecti­ cut, in 1639. He had a son Daniel who remained in Dorchester. William Preston had many descendants, and a genealogy of one branch of this family was published in 1896 by E. R. Wilcox. Cothren's History of Wood­ bury, Conn., also has an account of this family. A short genealogy of Daniel Preston's descendants appeared in the New England Historic Genealogical Register, Vol. 14, page 26. The compiler of this volume has much material concerning the family of William Preston and Daniel Preston which has never been published. There was a John Presson or Presbury in Saco, Maine, as early as 1675.
    [Show full text]
  • Accountability for National Defence
    Ideas IRPP Analysis Debate Study Since 1972 No. 4, March 2010 www.irpp.org Accountability for National Defence Ministerial Responsibility, Military Command and Parliamentary Oversight Philippe Lagassé While the existing regime to provide accountability for national defence works reasonably well, modest reforms that reinforce the convention of ministerial responsibility can improve parliamentary oversight and civilian control of the military. Le processus actuel de reddition de comptes en matière de défense nationale remplit son rôle ; toutefois, des réformes mineures renforçant la responsabilité ministérielle permettraient de consolider la surveillance parlementaire et la direction civile des forces militaires. Contents Summary 1 Résumé 2 Parliament and National Defence 5 The Government and National Defence 28 Notes and References 58 About This Study 61 The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IRPP or its Board of Directors. IRPP Study is a refereed monographic series that is published irregularly throughout the year. Each study is subject to rigorous internal and external peer review for academic soundness and policy relevance. IRPP Study replaces IRPP Choices and IRPP Policy Matters. All IRPP publications are available for download at irpp.org. If you have questions about our publications, please contact [email protected]. If you would like to subscribe to our newsletter, Thinking Ahead, please go to our Web site, at irpp.org. ISSN 1920-9436 (Online) ISSN 1920-9428 (Print) ISBN 978-0-88645-219-3 (Online) ISBN 978-0-88645-221-6 (Print) Summary Canadians’ renewed focus on military matters reflects a desire to strengthen accountability for matters of national defence.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Transformation: a Leaner NDHQ?
    • INDEPENDENT AND INFORMED • AUTONOME ET RENSEIGNÉ ON TRACK The Conference of Defence Associations Institute • L’Institut de la Conférence des Associations de la Défense Autumn 2011 • Volume 16, Number 3 Automne 2011 • Volume 16, Numéro 3 REPORT ON TRANSFORMATION: A leaner NDHQ? Afghanistan: Combat Mission Closure Reflecting on Remembrance ON TRACK VOLUME 16 NUMBER 3: AUTUMN / AUTOMNE 2011 PRESIDENT / PRÉSIDENT Dr. John Scott Cowan, BSc, MSc, PhD VICE PRESIDENT / VICE PRÉSIDENT Général (Ret’d) Raymond Henault, CMM, CD CDA INSTITUTE BOARD OF DIRECTORS LE CONSEIL D’ADMINISTRATION DE L’INSTITUT DE LA CAD EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR / DIRECTEUR EXÉCUTIF Colonel (Ret) Alain M. Pellerin, OMM, CD, MA Admiral (Ret’d) John Anderson SECRETARY-TREASURER / SECRÉTAIRE TRÉSORIER Mr. Thomas d’Aquino Lieutenant-Colonel (Ret’d) Gordon D. Metcalfe, CD Dr. David Bercuson HONOURARY COUNSEL / AVOCAT-CONSEIL HONORAIRE Dr. Douglas Bland Mr. Robert T. Booth, QC, B Eng, LL B Colonel (Ret’d) Brett Boudreau DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH / Dr. Ian Brodie DIRECTEUR DE LA RECHERCHE Mr. Paul Chapin, MA Mr. Thomas S. Caldwell Mr. Mel Cappe PUBLIC AFFAIRS / RELATIONS PUBLIQUES Captain (Ret’d) Peter Forsberg, CD Mr. Jamie Carroll Dr. Jim Carruthers DEFENCE POLICY ANALYSTS / ANALYSTES DES POLITIQUES DE DÉFENSE Mr. Paul H. Chapin Ms. Meghan Spilka O’Keefe, MA Mr. Terry Colfer Mr. Arnav Manchanda, MA M. Jocelyn Coulon Mr. Dave Perry, MA Dr. John Scott Cowan PROJECT OFFICER / AGENT DE PROJET Mr. Dan Donovan Mr. Paul Hillier, MA Lieutenant-général (Ret) Richard Evraire Conference of Defence Associations Institute Honourary Lieutenant-Colonel Justin Fogarty 151 Slater Street, Suite 412A Ottawa ON K1P 5H3 Colonel, The Hon.
    [Show full text]
  • Honourable Paul T. Hellyer BIOGRAPHY
    Honourable Paul T. Hellyer BIOGRAPHY Paul Theodore Hellyer, born 6 August 1923, is an engineer, politician, writer and commentator who has had a long and varied career. He is the longest serving current member of the Privy Council of Canada, just ahead of Prince Philip. Paul Hellyer was Canada’s youngest Member of Parliament when he was first elected in 1949 and the youngest cabinet minister appointed to Louis S. St. Laurent’s government eight years later. Although Hellyer is best known for the unification of the Canadian Armed Forces and for his 1968 chairmanship of the Task Force on Housing and Urban Development, he has maintained a life-long interest in macroeconomics. This led him to form Action Canada, a populist movement dedicated to the concepts of full employment and low inflation with an emphasis on quality-of-life issues. Through the years, as a journalist and political commentator, he has continued to fight for economic reforms and has written several books on the subject. A man of many interests, Hellyer’s ideas are not classroom abstractions. He was born and raised on a farm and his business experience includes manufacturing, retailing, construction, land development, tourism and publishing. He has also been active in community affairs including the arts and studied voice at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto. His multi-faceted career, in addition to a near-lifetime in politics, gives Hellyer a rare perspective on what has gone wrong with world economies. Paul Hellyer currently resides in Toronto. He has three children and five grandchildren. .
    [Show full text]
  • 1866 (C) Circa 1510 (A) 1863
    BONUS : Paintings together with their year of completion. (A) 1863 (B) 1866 (C) circa 1510 Vancouver Estival Trivia Open, 2012, FARSIDE team BONUS : Federal cabinet ministers, 1940 to 1990 (A) (B) (C) (D) Norman Rogers James Ralston Ernest Lapointe Joseph-Enoil Michaud James Ralston Mackenzie King James Ilsley Louis St. Laurent 1940s Andrew McNaughton 1940s Douglas Abbott Louis St. Laurent James Ilsley Louis St. Laurent Brooke Claxton Douglas Abbott Lester Pearson Stuart Garson 1950s 1950s Ralph Campney Walter Harris John Diefenbaker George Pearkes Sidney Smith Davie Fulton Donald Fleming Douglas Harkness Howard Green Donald Fleming George Nowlan Gordon Churchill Lionel Chevrier Guy Favreau Walter Gordon 1960s Paul Hellyer 1960s Paul Martin Lucien Cardin Mitchell Sharp Pierre Trudeau Leo Cadieux John Turner Edgar Benson Donald Macdonald Mitchell Sharp Edgar Benson Otto Lang John Turner James Richardson 1970s Allan MacEachen 1970s Ron Basford Donald Macdonald Don Jamieson Barney Danson Otto Lang Jean Chretien Allan McKinnon Flora MacDonald JacquesMarc Lalonde Flynn John Crosbie Gilles Lamontagne Mark MacGuigan Jean Chretien Allan MacEachen JeanJacques Blais Allan MacEachen Mark MacGuigan Marc Lalonde Robert Coates Jean Chretien Donald Johnston 1980s Erik Nielsen John Crosbie 1980s Perrin Beatty Joe Clark Ray Hnatyshyn Michael Wilson Bill McKnight Doug Lewis BONUS : Name these plays by Oscar Wilde, for 10 points each. You have 30 seconds. (A) THE PAGE OF HERODIAS: Look at the moon! How strange the moon seems! She is like a woman rising from a tomb. She is like a dead woman. You would fancy she was looking for dead things. THE YOUNG SYRIAN: She has a strange look.
    [Show full text]
  • Uot History Freidland.Pdf
    Notes for The University of Toronto A History Martin L. Friedland UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London © University of Toronto Press Incorporated 2002 Toronto Buffalo London Printed in Canada ISBN 0-8020-8526-1 National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data Friedland, M.L. (Martin Lawrence), 1932– Notes for The University of Toronto : a history ISBN 0-8020-8526-1 1. University of Toronto – History – Bibliography. I. Title. LE3.T52F75 2002 Suppl. 378.7139’541 C2002-900419-5 University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Humanities and Social Sciences Federation of Canada, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the finacial support for its publishing activities of the Government of Canada, through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP). Contents CHAPTER 1 – 1826 – A CHARTER FOR KING’S COLLEGE ..... ............................................. 7 CHAPTER 2 – 1842 – LAYING THE CORNERSTONE ..... ..................................................... 13 CHAPTER 3 – 1849 – THE CREATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO AND TRINITY COLLEGE ............................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 4 – 1850 – STARTING OVER ..... ..........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Canadian Parliamentary Guide
    NUNC COGNOSCO EX PARTE THOMAS J. BATA LI BRARY TRENT UNIVERSITY us*<•-« m*.•• ■Jt ,.v<4■■ L V ?' V t - ji: '^gj r ", •W* ~ %- A V- v v; _ •S I- - j*. v \jrfK'V' V ■' * ' ’ ' • ’ ,;i- % »v • > ». --■ : * *S~ ' iJM ' ' ~ : .*H V V* ,-l *» %■? BE ! Ji®». ' »- ■ •:?■, M •* ^ a* r • * «'•# ^ fc -: fs , I v ., V', ■ s> f ** - l' %% .- . **» f-•" . ^ t « , -v ' *$W ...*>v■; « '.3* , c - ■ : \, , ?>?>*)■#! ^ - ••• . ". y(.J, ■- : V.r 4i .» ^ -A*.5- m “ * a vv> w* W,3^. | -**■ , • * * v v'*- ■ ■ !\ . •* 4fr > ,S<P As 5 - _A 4M ,' € - ! „■:' V, ' ' ?**■- i.." ft 1 • X- \ A M .-V O' A ■v ; ■ P \k trf* > i iwr ^.. i - "M - . v •?*»-• -£-. , v 4’ >j- . *•. , V j,r i 'V - • v *? ■ •.,, ;<0 / ^ . ■'■ ■ ,;• v ,< */ ■" /1 ■* * *-+ ijf . ^--v- % 'v-a <&, A * , % -*£, - ^-S*.' J >* •> *' m' . -S' ?v * ... ‘ *•*. * V .■1 *-.«,»'• ■ 1**4. * r- * r J-' ; • * “ »- *' ;> • * arr ■ v * v- > A '* f ' & w, HSi.-V‘ - .'">4-., '4 -' */ ' -',4 - %;. '* JS- •-*. - -4, r ; •'ii - ■.> ¥?<* K V' V ;' v ••: # * r * \'. V-*, >. • s s •*•’ . “ i"*■% * % «. V-- v '*7. : '""•' V v *rs -*• * * 3«f ' <1k% ’fc. s' ^ * ' .W? ,>• ■ V- £ •- .' . $r. « • ,/ ••<*' . ; > -., r;- •■ •',S B. ' F *. ^ , »» v> ' ' •' ' a *' >, f'- \ r ■* * is #* ■ .. n 'K ^ XV 3TVX’ ■■i ■% t'' ■ T-. / .a- ■ '£■ a« .v * tB• f ; a' a :-w;' 1 M! : J • V ^ ’ •' ■ S ii 4 » 4^4•M v vnU :^3£'" ^ v .’'A It/-''-- V. - ;ii. : . - 4 '. ■ ti *%?'% fc ' i * ■ , fc ' THE CANADIAN PARLIAMENTARY GUIDE AND WORK OF GENERAL REFERENCE I9OI FOR CANADA, THE PROVINCES, AND NORTHWEST TERRITORIES (Published with the Patronage of The Parliament of Canada) Containing Election Returns, Eists and Sketches of Members, Cabinets of the U.K., U.S., and Canada, Governments and Eegisla- TURES OF ALL THE PROVINCES, Census Returns, Etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Démesures De Guerre
    DÉMESURES DE GUERRE ABUS, IMPOSTURES ET VICTIMES D’OCTOBRE 1970 Sous la direction d’ANTHONY BEAUSÉJOUR Avec la collaboration de GUY BOUTHILLIER MATHIEU HARNOIS-BLOUIN MANON LEROUX IRAI nº XII CATHERINE PAQUETTE Étude 7 NORA T. LAMONTAGNE Octobre 2020 DANIEL TURP DÉMESURES DE GUERRE ABUS, IMPOSTURES ET VICTIMES D’OCTOBRE 1970 Démesures de guerre Abus, impostures et victimes d’Octobre 1970 Sous la direction d’Anthony Beauséjour Avec la collaboration de Guy Bouthillier Mathieu Harnois-Blouin Manon Leroux Catherine Paquette Nora T. Lamontagne Daniel Turp IRAI nº XII Étude 7 Octobre 2020 Édition : IRAI Recherche d’archives : Karine Perron / Madame Karine inc. Révision linguistique : Sophie Brisebois / C’est-à-dire inc. Conception et mise en page : Dany Larouche / infographie I-Dezign © Les auteurs, 2020 Tous droits réservés Photo de couverture : Des enfants curieux observent les forces militaires protégeant le poste de police de la rue Parthenais à Montréal, le 15 octobre 1970. / Curious children watch military forces protect the police station on Parthenais St. in Montreal, October 15, 1970. © : George Bird / The Montreal Star / Bibliothèque et Archives Canada / PA-129838 Institut de recherche sur l’autodétermination des peuples et les indépendances nationales www.irai.quebec [email protected] À propos de l’IRAI Fondé en 2016, l’IRAI est un institut de recherche indépendant et non partisan qui a pour mission de réaliser et de diffuser des travaux de recherche sur les enjeux relatifs aux thèmes de l’autodétermination des peuples et des indépendances nationales. L’IRAI vise ainsi à améliorer les connaissances scientifiques et à favoriser un dialogue citoyen ouvert et constructif autour de ces thèmes.
    [Show full text]
  • Ministerial Error and the Political Process: Is There a Duty to Resign? Stuart James Whitley
    Ministerial Error and the Political Process: Is there a Duty to Resign? Stuart James Whitley, QC* In practice, it is seldom very hard to do one’s duty when one knows what it is. But it is sometimes exceedingly difficult to find this out. - Samuel Butler (1912) “First Principles” Note Books The honourable leader is engaged continuously in the searching of his (sic) duty. Because he is practicing the most powerful and most dangerous of the arts affecting, however humbly, the quality of life and the human search for meaning, he ought to have – if honourable, he has to have – an obsession with duty. What are his responsibilities? -Christopher Hodgkinson (1983) The Philosophy of Leadership Abstract: This article examines the nature of the duty to resign for error in the ministerial function. It examines the question of resignation as a democratic safeguard and a reflection of a sense of honour among those who govern. It concludes that there is a duty to resign for misleading Parliament, for serious personal misbehaviour, for a breach of collective responsibility, for serious mismanagement of the department for which they are responsible, and for violations of the rule of law. The obligation is owed generally to Parliament, and specifically to the Prime Minister, who has the constitutional authority in any event to dismiss a minister. The nature of the obligation is a constitutional convention, which can only be enforced by political action, though a breach of the rule of law is reviewable in the courts and may effectively disable a minister. There appears to be uneven historical support for the notion that ministerial responsibility includes the duty to resign for the errors of officials except in very narrow circumstances.
    [Show full text]
  • The D E F ENCE TEAM
    EDIT DRDC-RDDC-2015-P120 Canada’s defence establishment is a unique organization, comprising two distinct E MAY 2015 D BY: institutions: the civilian-led Department of National Defence (DND), headed by the Deputy Minister of National Defence, and the military-led Canadian Armed Forces GOLDENBER (CAF), headed by the Chief of the Defence Staff. In practice, however, civilian and military personnel – collectively referred to as the Defence Team – work side by side in a variety of contexts, including on bases, on operations, in military academic settings, and at National Defence Headquarters. G , FEBBRARO & These highly integrated workforces allow Canada’s defence establishment to draw on the complementary expertise of military and civilian personnel. Nonetheless, some fundamental differences exist between the military and civilian institutions, most notably separate personnel management systems and distinct cultures that reflect the D different histories, values, roles and policies of Defence civilians and CAF members. EAN Understanding the unique benefits and challenges associated with this integrated workforce is therefore critical to optimal military-civilian personnel collaboration. THE This volume presents conceptual, empirical and historical analyses of the key contextual, organizational and interpersonal factors that influence collaboration between civilian and military personnel in DND and the CAF. The volume will appeal to a diverse audience, including Defence Team personnel, senior leaders in DND and the CAF, human resource professionals, military managers of civilian D personnel and civilian managers of military personnel, and a more general audience interested in workgroup and organizational diversity. The volume furthers our E understanding of military-civilian partnerships and will contribute to the discourse F on the evolution of the Defence Team within Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Railway Items from Area Papers
    Local Railway Items from Area Papers - Beachburg subdivision 19/01/1894 Renfrew Mercury Beachburg From an item in the District News this week, it will be seen that it is now proposed to bring a railway from Pembroke to Renfrew by way of Beachburg and Foresters' Falls: in order to connect with the several railways already centering here. The scheme is being gone into with some vim, evidently, and between the natural desire of Pembroke to get a line competing with the C.P.R., and the very probably willingness of the O.A. & P.S. to have all possible feeders for their traffic, - it is quite possible that the new project will get beyond the charter stage. It must be remembered, too, that a road following the route suggested would pass through just that section og Ross or Horton where the proposed line from Pontiac county would srike after crossing the Ottawa river; and if a combination of forces could be effected, one track would do for both roads for some miles before entering Renfrew, with consequent saving of construction expenses. Some such scheme as this may yet evolve; and if Renfrewites see a chance to put in a helping word or hand at any time it would be good policy to say the word or do the deed. With the best of wishes for the prosperity of every town arouns - still, let all roads lead to Renfrew. 23/08/1906 The Equity, Shawville Beachburg The engineers of the C.N. railway are now engaged in preliminary survey work on the proposed line along the front of this county-- the staff was at Bristol Corners last week.
    [Show full text]