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Department of Mines, Mining and Geology GEORGIA STATE DIVISION OF CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT OF MINES, MINING AND GEOLOGY GARLAND PEYTON, Director THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Bulletin Number 56 SHORT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY, GEOGRAPHY AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF GEORGIA ATLANTA 1950 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Department of Mines, Mining and Geology Atlanta, February 10, 1950 To His Excellency, He1111an E. Talmadge, Governor Commissioner Ex-Officio of State Division of Conservation Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith Georgia Geological Survey Bul­ letin No. 56, "Short Contributions to the Geology, Geography, and Archaeology of Geoorgia." The Bulletin consists of short scientific papers prepared by twenty­ two geologists, archaeologists, physicists, mineralogists, geographers, grad­ uate students, and engineers, engaged in professional earth science work ·in the Univtrsity System of Georgia, Emory University, the State Geologi­ cal Survey, the United States Geological Survey, or in industrial mineral production. Several of these papers were presented at the first meeting of the Earth Science Section of the Georgia Academy of Science, at Athens, Georgia, in 1948. The movement to activate and establish on a firm basis this Earth Science Section was spearheaded by Dr. Lane Mitchell, with Dr. Merle Prunty, Jr., Dr. J. G. Lester, Dr. A. S. Furcron, myself and others cooperating. A number of the papers were given at the 1949 meeting of the Georgia Academy of Science at Emory University. .Still otheor papers, here included, were read before the Southeast Division of the Association of American Geographers at the Annual Meeting, Athens, Georgia, December, 1949. It is dE:emed well worth-while by the staff of the Georgia Geological Survey to participate in the activities of these and other similar earth science groups, because of the transfer value which will accrue to the State's mineral industrial picture. Up to the present time, the organizations rE:ferred to above have had no facilities for publishing papers on earth science subjects. The publication of these papers as a Bulletin of the Georgia Geological Survey not only represents a broadening of the scope of our usual activities, but in addition, constitutes a ptrmanent record of valuable scientific infor­ mation, which will be available to all who may have the need or the desire to refer to it in the future. Very respectfully yours, GARLAND PEYTON Director. III CONTENTS Page The Industrial Minerals of Georgia, by Garland Peyton______ 1 Geological Provinces of Georgia and Their Principal Mineral Resources, by A. S. Furcron ____________________________ 10 Curricular Status of the Earth Sciences in Higher Education in Georgia, by M. C. Prunty________________________ 21 Resource-Use Education in Georgia: Progress, Pla1_;s, Problems, by Reba Burnham ______________________________ 27 Population Numbers, Distribution and Growth in Metropolitan Atlanta, by C. A. McMahan ____________________ 34 Planning in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area, by L,eo J. Zuber________________________________________________________________ 4 7 Industrial Development in the Atlanta Suburban Area, by William Reese' Walker __________________________________ 53 An Appraisal of Georgia's Surface Water Resources Investigations Program, by M. T. Thomson __________________ 62 Magnitude and Frequency of Historic Floods on Chattahoochee River at Columbus, Georgia, by Alexander A. Fishchback, Jr.------------------------------------ 66 The Frequency of Floods on the Flint River, by C. M. Bunch ______ ------------------------------------------------------ 6 9 Determination of the Low Flow Regime' of Ungaged Streams, by R. W. Carter______________________________ 7 4 Problems in the Quarrying of Lithonia Georgia Granite, by Nelson Severinghaus ----------------------------------- 80 The Kyanite, Staurolite, and Garnet Association in Upson County, Georgia, by W. Frank Ingram ________ 85 The Petrography of Three Georgia Itacolumites, by Willard H. GrauL____________________________________________________ 91 A New Classification of the Clays of Georgia, by Lane MitchelL __________________________________________ ---------------- 9 6 v CONTENTS Page Thermal Analysis of Georgia Minerals, by Lane MitchelL__ 99 Statistical Methods Applied to Species Determination of Fossil Brachipods, by Daniel D. Arden, Jr. ____________ 106 The Geiger-Mueller Counter in Geologic Work, by J. G. Lester----------------------------------------------------------------112 A Portable High-Speed Geiger Counter for Geologic Surveys in Georgia, by Robert H. Rohrer ____________________ l17 Apparatus for Impregnation of Rock, - by Arthur C. M unyan ________ ~-------------------------------------------13 0 A Criticism of "Gondwana Land Bridges," by William H. Pinson, J r. _____________________________________________ 134 A Brief Examination of the Forest Resource of Georgia, by A. E. Patterson_______________________________________ 141 An Early Flint Industry in Southwest Georgia, by Alrth ur R.. Kelly--------------------------------------------------------14 6 I Changes in Bases of Subsistence Among Prehistoric Georgia Populations, by Arthur R. Kelly____________________ 154 VI ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Relative importance of nonwhites in the population of Atlanta, by census tracts, 1940 ______________ 37 2. Density of population of the City of Atlanta, by census tracts, 1940---------------------------------------------------- 40 3. The growth of the total population in selected south ern cities, 18 5 0-1940---------------------------------------------- 43 4. Territorial growth of the City.of Atlanta, by area acquired and year annexed__________________________________ 44 5. Atlanta Metropolitan Planning District .and adjoining territory--------------------------------------------------------- 52 6. Atlanta suburban area; industrial districts_______________ 60 7. Major industrial groups in Georgia and the Atlanta Metropolitan area, 1947---------------------------------- 61 8. Frequency of annual floods on Chattahoochee river at Columbus, Georgia____________________________________________ 68 9. Flint river floods____________________________________________________________ 7 3 10. Determination of low flow regime of ungaged streams____________________________________________________________ 7 8 11. Stream flow available 82% of time, Tired Creek Basin, Grady County-------------------------------------------- 79 12. Soft kaolin, Dry Branch, Georgia: Thermal ana lysis curve ___________________ ·----------------------------------------------1 0 2 13. Fullers earth, Pikes Peak, Macon, Georgia: Thermal analysis curve __________________________________________________ 1 0 3 14. Hard kaolin, Gordon, Georgia: Thermal ana lysis. curve _______________ ------------:-------------------------------------1 0 4 15. Ball clay, Kentucky Old Mine No.4: Thermal analysis curve __________________________________________________ 1 0 5 16. Cleiothyridina sublamellosa (Hall) : Ratio lengthjwidth in percent---------~----------------------------11 0 VII ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 17. A. Composita subquadrata (Hall) : B. Composita trinuclea (Hall) : Ratio l engthjwidth in percent _______ __________________ :____________ 111 18. Outline map of Georgia showing general direction of route from St. Simons Island to Fall Line. Dots represent approximate locations of readings ______________ ll5 19. Graph showing total count (N) plotted against ratio +--------------------------------------------------------------123 20. Time required for desired+ratio ____________________________ 124 21. Comparison of the bmall Geiger-Mueller tube similar to the type normally used in field sets with the large tube employed in the high- speed counter_______ ______ _________________________________________________ 12 5 22. High-rate field counter with scaling circuit _________ J ______ 126 23. View showing the position of the batteries, electronic circuits, and other components inside the scaling unit case ___________________________________ _-_______ 127 I • 24. Field set assembled. Wing· nuts secure the Geiger-Mueller tube' housing to the scaling unit. Jacks are provided for monitoring the performance of the set with headphones ______________ 128 25. The field set in use. The small unit under the right arm contains a high voltage supply for the' Geiger-Mueller tube _____________________________ 129 26. Rock impregnation a pparatus______________________________________ 133 VIII THE INDUSTRIAL MINERALS OF GEORGIA* GARLAND PEYTON, Director Georgia De'partment of Mines, Mining & Geology Atlanta Size and Topography Georgia, the largest state east of the Mississippi River, comprises an area of nearly 60,000 square miles. From north to south its length exceeds 300 miles, while its greatest width from east to west is approximately 250 miles. The southern part of the' state, known as the Coastal Plain, is comparatively level, with an average elevation of about 150 feet above sea level. North of the coastal lowland is the Piedmont Plateau, an elevated area varying in altitude from 300 to 1500 feet; while still farther to the north is the Appalachian Mountain region, where many ridges and peaks attain an altitude of 4000 to 5000 feet above sea level. Georgia occupies a favorable position from the point of view of climate', between warmer sub-tropical climates to the south and the colder climates to the north. This mildness of climate permits all-year mining throughout the State, and we are not faced with the necessity of seasonal shut-down be­ cause of severe weather. The
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