Role of Lee Mantle in Montana Politics, 1889-1900| an Interpretation
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University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1956 Role of Lee Mantle in Montana politics, 1889-1900| An interpretation Janet Charlene Thomson The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Thomson, Janet Charlene, "Role of Lee Mantle in Montana politics, 1889-1900| An interpretation" (1956). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 3460. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/3460 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ROLE OP LEE MANTLE IN mNTANA POLITICS, 1889-1900* AN INTERPRETATim JANET 0 . m>MSCN B. A*, Montana State UniTereity, 1955 Preeented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts MONTANA STATE ÜNIVERSXTY 1956 Approved hy* [M m l A B^aa^ Examinera Dean, Graduate School rç Date UMI Number: EP36161 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT OisMitation UMI EP36161 Published by ProQuest LLC (2012). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code uest ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 TABLE OF COHTHîTS Chapter Page I. TEE mB .................................................. 1 I I . aiSB OP A HBPUBLICAir PO LITIC IA N ..................................................... 21 I I I . EARLY X5SEE3 .......................................................................................... 33 IV. LEË ABB MARCOS.................................... 72 V. THE SILVER SEHATOH................................................................................. 95 V I. THE M)NTAEA SENATOR............................................................................. 114 V II. ATTEMPT FOR REELECTION........................................................................ 150 VIII. THE FABEOOT.............................................................................................. 147 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................... 166 - i l - ACKNQ' vTLEDGMBMT X wish to thank Dr, J. A. Karlin» my adviser} Miss Virginia Walton, Librarian of the Montana State Historical Library at Helena} the staffs of the Montana State University Library and the Butte Public Library} and the mtenbers of my family mho, aa relatives of Lee Mantle, gave me invaluable aid. - i i i - CHAPTER I THE MAH On January 16, 1895, the legislature of Montana elected Lee Mantle to the Senate of the United States* This honor brought to a culmination the political career of a typical frontier politician and capitalist. An embodiment of the Horatio Alger tradition. Mantle had begun life in Amer ica as a penniless English immigrant. By 1895, in addition to being a successful politician, he had become a prominent entrepreneur of Butte who was credited with contributing more to the development of the city than any other businessman outside the ranks of the large mine opera tors. The ambitious, enterprising, young Englishman had fully utilized the opportunities for financial success offered by the fluid economy of Montana. A genial, friendly personality had aided him not only in busi ness but also in politics. As an important Republican politician, both in Butte and in the state, he had held many elective offices and important policy-making positions within the party. For example, prior to his elec tion to the Senate, he had served as the Speaker of the House in the last Montana territorial legislature and also as the chairman of the state central committee. For six years, the road to the Senate had been the scene of frus trations which would have discouraged a less persistent and determined politician. In 1889, when the first legislature met in the newly organ ized state of Montana, he had been considered one of the leading candidates for the Senate. Thomas C. Power had been elected instead. This rebuff had not disheartened Mantle, and he had persisted in his attempts to reach his goal. In 1895» the governor had appointed him as senator, when the - 1- Clark-Daly feud had made it impossible for the legislature to select one. Then the United States Senate had refused to seat him, basing its decision on the grounds that a governor could appoint a senator only in the event of a vacancy as prescribed in the United States Constitution. Finally, in 1895t he received the reward for his dogged determination, when the legislature elected him to the Senate. This was the zenith of his career. Never again was he to reach such heights. Mantle, bom Theophilus Washington l^ntle on December 1), 1851» at Birmingham, England, was the youngest of the seven children of Joseph and Mary Patrick Mantle. The death of the father shortly before the birth of hie youngest son left the family in dire financial straits How the family managed to eke out a living has not been recorded, but 2 one Bister, Mary Ann, dipped hairpins in a factory when she was eight. They were so poor that Lee, aa he was called, never received any 3 formal schooling. The Mantles were early converts to the Mormon church. The exact date is not known, but the name of Mary Mantle is one of the first en tries on the church register of the Birmingham Branch Mission of the Latter Day Saints.^ Young Lee received the children's blessing on May 1, 5 1855» from Elder Charles Jones of the Birmin^am Mission. His brothers ^Encyclopedia of American Biography (Hew York: The American His torical Society, 1 9 5 0 ), XLII, p. 191# ^Personal reminiscence of Mrs. J. D. McGregor to the author. Mrs. McGregor was the daughter of Mary Ann Mantle Berger. 5 lb id . Church Register of Members: Notes of Standing, of the Birming ham Branch, British Mission, Latter Day Saints. These records are avail able on microfilm at the Genealogy Library of the L. D« S. at Salt Lake City. (Hereinafter cited as Church Register of Members). ^ Ib id . “5- and sister, Ephraim, Joseph, and Emily, were baptized in 16^6, and Ephraim was ordained in 18$8.^ The Mormon migrations to the United States brought the Mantles to Utah. In 1661, one of Lee's sisters, Ehaily, came to the United States with a Mormon contingent, and another sister, Matilda, followed her the next year.7 It was a common practice for a family to save enough money to send one or more members to America; and those who left first would in turn find means to help the rest of the family. On June 3» I 8 6 4, Mary Mantle and three of her children, Joseph, Lee, and Mary Ann, sailed from London on the "Hudson.”® The "Hudson,!' which carried the Iswit group of Mor mons to leav e England th a t y e a r, had 863 people on board. Although the majority were Mormons from the B ritish Isles, they were accompanied by about one hundred Saints^ from Switzerland, Germany, and Holland. During the long, tedious voyage of forty-six days, measles broke out. Although nine people died, the Mantles seem to have escaped the infection. The ship reached New York on July 19* and the immigrants immediately con tinued their journey to the west. On the first stage of their trip, they went by rail via Albany, New York, to St. Joseph, Missouri, where they boarded river steamers for Wyoming, Nebraska. Wyoming, a village situated on the west bank of the Missouri River, seven miles north of Nebraska City, and forty miles south of Omaha, had been selected as the & Ibid. ^Records in the Office of the Church Historian, Latter Day Saints, Salt Lake City; Journal History and Church Chronology. These records have been compiled from logs, journals, and old newspapers. (Hereinafter cited as Records in the Office of the Church Historian, L. D. S., Salt Lake City). ®Xbid. Mormons refer to their members as Saints. -4 - outfitting place for the Latter Day Saints migration to the Rocky Mountains that year The M antles l e f t Wyoming fo r S a lt Lake C ity about th e r id d le o f August, 1864» with Captain Warren Snow’s company* President Joseph W* Young and a number of other leading officia.Ia of the church accompanied the wagon train, which carried a large quantity of freijjht* Earlier that year several non-Mormon companies had suffered from Indian depredations, 80 Snow’s group traveled with another wagon train through these regions. Imagine the excitement young Lee must have experienced, driving the bull- team which pulled the covered wagon across the plainsWithin two months hie environment had changed from a highly industrialized urban slum area to the wild and perilous American West. On September 11, when the danger from Indian attack was no longer imminent, the church offi cials left them at Julesburg, Nebraska, on the Platte River. They also telegraphed to Salt Lake that fifty yoke of oxen should be sent to the head of Butler Creek to meet the two companies, as some of the cattle had developed a hoof disease. Soon scant feed for the animals forced the two companies to separate. By traveling about two days' journey apart and encamping at different points, they were able to find enough grass to keep the oxen alive. The emigrants theneelves also experienced hardship, as th ^ had been late in starting.