1906. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENA.TE. · 327

Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of Paul E. Ayer-to ARLINGTON (VA.) NATIONAL CEMETERY. the Committee on Pensions. The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica­ By 1\Ir. LILLEY: Papers to accompany bills for relief of tion from the Secretary of War, recommending that section 4S'i5 Laura 1\1. -Keyes and Silas E. Buckland-to the Committee on of the Revised Statutes be amended so as to provide a comperr­ Invalid Pen ions. sation of $100 per month, with fuel and quarters, for the Su­ By 1\lr. LINDSAY: Petition of colored citizens of Boston, perintendent of the Arlington (Va.) National Cemetery; which Mass., against the President's order discharging Companies B, was referred to the Committee on Military Affalrs, and or­ C, and D of tbe Twenty-fifth Infantry, United States Army­ dered to be printed. to. the Committee on Military Affairs. AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANIC A.RIS. By 1\Ir. LOUDENSLAGER: Petition of Thorofare Grange, Patrons of Husbandry, against free distribution of seeds-to The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica­ the Committee on Agriculture. tion from the Secretary of the- Interior, transmitting, pursuant By Mr. 1\lAHON: Petition of Lewisburg Council, No. 926, to law, a report of the disbursements for the fiscal year ending .Junior Order United Americ..'lil Mechanics, favoring restriction June 30, 1907, made in the States and Territories under the of immigration (S. 4403)-to the Committee on Immigration provisions of an act to apply a portion of the proceeds of tJJe and Naturalization. public lands to the more complete endowment and support of By l\Ir. PATTERSON: Petition of E. Wetzmann & Co., schools for the benefit of the agricultural and mechanic arts, against legislation in the copyright law against mechanical in­ etc.; which was referred to the Committee on Territories, and strument music-to the Committee on Patents. ordered to be printed. By Mr. RAINEY: Petition of A. W. 1.\lcGeachin and 44 EXPERIMENTS WITH CHOLERA ·VIRUS IN THE PHILIPPINES. others, for a service pension-to the Committee on Invalid fen­ The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica­ sions. tion from the Secretary of War, transmitting, in response to a By Mr. RHODES: Paper to accompany bill for relief of resolution of the Senate of the 12th instant, facts pertaining· to Lewis Rockwell-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. experiments with cholera virus alleged to have be(m made at AI o, paper to accompany bill for relief of 'Villiam H. Piice­ Manila upon prisoners by Surg. Richard P. Strong, United to the Committee on ·Military Affairs. States Army, etc.; wfiich was referred to the Committee on the By Mr. PADGETT: Papers to accompany bills for relief of Philippines,. and ordered to be printed. Hugh H. Brown, James S. Beard, and James ,V. Stanley-to MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. SPERRY: Petition of the Veteran.>s Association of A message from the House of Rep-resentatives, by :Mr. W. J. the First Reginlent Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, Spanish­ BROWNING, its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had passed American war, for reestablishment ·of the ~ nteen in the Army­ a concurrent resolution providing that when the two Houses to the Committee on Military Affairs. adjourn on Thursday, December 20, 1906, they stand adjourned Also, petition of the Business Men's Association of New until Thursday, January 3., 1907; in whi-ch it requested the. con­ IIaven, Conn., for forest reservations in the White and South­ currence of the Senate. ern Ap.p:ilacbia.n mountains-to the Committee on Agriculture. HOLIDAY RECESS. By 1\fr. SHERMAN : Paper to accompany bill for relief of Mr. HALE. I ask the Chair to lay bef.)re the Senate the reso­ .James Swan~to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. lution just received from the House of Representatives. By Mr. TALBor.rT: Petitions of Fairmount Council, No. 63; The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the concur­ Franklin Council, No. 150; Relief Council, No. 36; New Wind­ re-nt resolution of the House of Representatives; which was sor Council, No. 44; Guiding Star Council, No. 9; Independence read, as f~llows : Council, No. 98; Mechanicsville Council, No. 78; Alesia Hall Rcsoh:ed by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring), Coundl ; Multiply Council, No. 4; Mount Royal Council, No. That when th-e two Houses adjourn on '.rhursday, December 20, th-ey 61, and Mason and Dixon Line Council, No. 141, Junior Order stand adjourned until 12 o'clock meridian, January 3-, 1907. United American Mechanics, favoring resbiction ·of immigra­ l\f.r. HALE. I ask that the resolution of the House be sent tion (S. 4403)-to the Committee on Immigration and Natu­ to tb.e Committee on Appropriations. ralization. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The concurrent resolution will be By 1\Ir. ·WACHTER: Petition of American Council, No. 60; referred to the Committee on Appr6priations. Wabash Council, No. 73; Riverside Council, No. 105; Ells­ PETITIONS AND ME:MORU..LS. worth Council, No. 158, and Baltimore Council, No. 1,. Junior Mr. KEAN presented the memorial of Frank C. Storck, of Red Order United American Mechanics; Liberty Council, No. 6, Bank, N. J., and the memorial of D. Wolff & Co., of Newark, Daughters of Liberty, of Baltimore, 1\Id. ; Eutaw Coun-cil, No. N. J., remonstrating against the adoption of a certain amend-· · 77, and Friendship Council, No. 7, Junior Order United American ment to the copyright bill relating to musical instruments; which Mechanics; Defender Council, No. 6, Daughters of_ America, of were referred to the Committee on Patents. Baltimore, 1\fd. ; Monumental Council, No. 13, Daughters of He also presented a memorial of Thorofare Grange, No~ 59, Liberty, of Baltimore, Md.~ and 1\Iaryland Council, No. 2, Junior Patrons of Husbandry, of Thorofare, N . .J., and a memorial of Order United American Mechanics, favoring restriction of immi­ Upper Township Grange, No. 139, Patrons of Husbandry, of grution (S. 4403)-to the Oommittee on Immigration and Nat­ Tuctmho:e, N. J., remonstrating against any further appropria­ uralization. tion being made for the free distribution of seeds and plants ; Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of :M. H. Plunkett-to which were referred to the Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on Naval Affairs. Forestry. By Mr. WOODYARD: Petition of citizens of the Fourth Con­ Mr. PLATT presented the petition of F. C. Colton, of New gressional district of West Virginia, for an appropriation to im­ York City, N. Y., praying for an investigation into the existing prove the Little Kanawha River-to the Committee on Rivers conditions in the Kongo Free State; which was referred to the and Harbors. Committee on Foreign Relations. By Mr. ZENOR: Paper to accompany bill for relief of John D. He also presented a petition of the New York branch of the Myers-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. · National League of Com.niission Merchants of the United States, praying that reciprocal trade relations with Germany be estab­ lished, especially relative to the fruit industry; which was re­ SENATE. ferred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. THUI1SDAY, Decembe-r 13, 1906. He also presented a memorial of the board of managers of the New York Produce Exchange, of New York City, N. Y., re­ Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. EDWARD E. HALE. monstrating against the enactment of legislation providing for 'lhe Secretary proceeded to read the .Journal of yesterday's the free distribution of seeds; which was referred to the Com­ proceedings, when, on request of Mr. KEAN, and by unanimous mittee on Agriculture and Forestry. consent, the further reading was dispensed with. · He also presented memorials of sundry citiz-ens of New York IIIGIIWAYS IN CHICKASAW AND CHOCTAW NATIONS. City and Brooklyn, N. Y., remonstrating against the enactment The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a Qommunicu­ of legislation requiring certain places of business in the District tion from the Secretary of the Interior, transmitting a copy of a of Columbia to be closed on Sunday; which were referred to the memorial of the legislature of the Chickasaw Nation, approved Committee on tlie District of Columbia. by the governor of that nation September 20, 1906, relative to 1\fr. BRANDEGEE presented a petition of the First Regiment, the establishment of public highways or roads in the Chickasaw Spanish War Veterans, of New Britain, Conn., praying for the and Choctaw nations; which, with the accompanying papers, reestablishment of the Army canteen; which was referred to was referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs, and -ordered the Committee. on Military-Affairs. to be printed. Mr. MARTIN presented a petition of the Chamber of Com- 328 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD--SENATE. DECEMBER 13,

merce. Board of Trade, and the Business l\Ien's Association of the Senate, as in Committ~e of tbe Wh"ole, proceeded to ·its Norfolk, Va., praying for the enactment of legislation providing consideration. for an increase in the salaries of post-office clerks; which was The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, or­ r.eferrcd to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. dered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, l\Ir. CULLOl\1 presented a petition of the Banker's Club Of and passed. Chicago, Ill., praying for the enactment of legislation providing ADJOURNMENT TO M:OND_AY. for a bank-note currency to meet the requirements Of the busi­ l\Ir. HALE. I move that when the Senate adjourns to-day ness of the country ; which was referred to the Committee on it be -to meet on l\londay next. Finance. • _ The motion was agreed to. 1\Ir. GALLINGER presented a petition of the South Washing­ ton Citizens' Asso iation, of the District of Columbia, praying REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. for the enactment of legislation providing for the discontinuance 1\lr. FRYE, from the Committee on Commerce, to whom was of grade crossings ; which was referred to the Committee on referred the bill ( S. 6754) granting to the Siletz Po\Yer and the District of Columbia. Manufacturing Company a right of way for a water ditch or Mr. LODGE presented a memorial of sundry citizens of Buck­ canal through the Siletz Indian Reservation, in Oregon, asked land, l\fass., and a memorial of sundry citizens of South Am­ to be discharged from its further consideration, and that it be herst, 1\fass., remonstrating against the enactment of legislation referred to the Committee on Indian .Affairs; which was agreed authorizing the closing on Stmday of certain places of business to. in the District of Columbia; which were referred to the Com­ 1\Ir. WARREN, from the Committee on 1\Iilitary Affairs, to mittee on the District of Columbia. whom was referred the bill (H. R. 4554) to remove the charge l\Ir. DRYDEN presented a petition of sundry citizens of New­ of absence without leave and reported desertion from the mili­ ark, N. J., praying for an investigation of the charges made and tary record of J. 1!..... Wisnewski, reported it without amendment, filed against Hon. REED SMOOT, a Senator from the State of and submitted a report thereon. Utah; which was ordered to lie on the table. 1\Ir. CRANE, from the Committee on Commerce, to whom was He also presented a petition of the faculty of Columbia Col­ referred the bill (S. 6729) authorizing the President to ap­ lege, of Paterson, N. J., praying for the enactment of legislation point Webb C. 1\Iaglatblin a second assistant engineer in the to include college publications in second-class mail matter; which Revenue-Cutter Service, reported it without amendment, and was referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. submitted a ~·eport thereon. He also presented a petition of the Board of Trade of Red DILLS INTRODUCED. Bank, N. J., praying for the enactment of legislation providing for the classification of salaries of clerks in post-offices of the 1\fr. NELSON introduced a bill (S. 7139) granting an honor­ .first and second class; which was referred to the Committee able discharge to Leonard Thielman; which was read twice by on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. its title, and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs. He also presented a petition of the New Jersey Bankers' Asso­ 1\Ir. FRYE introduced the following bills; which were sever­ ciation, of Jersey City, N. J., and a petition of the Second ally read twice by their titles, and, with the accompanying pa­ National Bank of Jersey City, N. J., praying for the adoption of pers, referred to the Committee on Pensions : an amendment to the so-called "railroad rate bill" relative to A bill (S. 7140) granting an increase of pension to Charles bills of lading; which were re;ferred to the Committee on Inter­ E. Dunn; state Commerce. A blll (S. 7141) granting an increase of pension to Daniel l\Ir. BULKELEY presented a memorial of Rippowan Grange, Guptill; and No. 145, Patrons of Husbandry, of Long Ridge, Conn., remon­ A bill (S. 7142) granting an increase of pension to Selden strating against the enactment of legislation providing for the Dawes. distribution of free seeds; which was referred to the Committee l\Ir. CULLOM introduced a bill (S. 7143) directing the Post­ on Agriculture and Forestry. master-General to credit John A. Bingham, late postmaster at He also presented a memorial of the First Regiment Connecti­ Vandalia, Ill., in the sum of $500, on account of stamps lost by cut Volunteer Infantry, Spanish-American war, of New Britain, burglary ; wpich was read twice by its title, and referred to the Conn., remonstrating against the enactment of legislation to re­ Committee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. peal the present anticanteen law; which was referred to the He also introduced the following bills; which were sever­ Committee on Military Affairs. ally read twice by their re pccti"re titles, and referred to the He also presented the memorial of W. N. C. Carlton, librarian Committee on Pensions: - - of Trinity College Library, Hartford, Conn., remonstrating A bill (S. 7144) granting an increase of pension to Joel against the enactment of legislation to amend and consolidate Brown; and -the acts respecting copyright; which was referred to the Com­ A bill (S. 7145) granting a pension to Louise H. Curtis. mittee on Patents. l\fr. PLATT introduced the following bill ; which were sever­ ally read twice by their titles, and referred to the Committee on PREVENTION OF COLLISIONS AT SEA. Finance: l\Ir. FRYE. From the Committee on Commerce I report back A bill (S. 7146) to provide for the compensation of the ap­ favorably without amendment the bill (S. 6855) to amend the praiser of merchandise at the port of New York; and .act approved August 19, 1890, entitled "An act to adopt regu- A bill ( S. 7147) to amend section 2536 of the Revised Statutes lations for preventing collisions at sea." - relative to assistant appraisers at the port of New York, and I was instructed by the Committee on Commerce to ask further defining their powers, duties, and compensation. unanimous consent for the present consideration of this bill. 1\fr. PENROSE introduced a bill (S. 7148) for the relief of It is very important that it shall become a law at the present Jabez Burchard; which was read twice by its title, and, with the session. The International Maritime Congress several years accompanying paper, referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs. ago met to consider rules and regulations to prevent collisions He also inh·oduced a bill (S. 7149) for the relief of Joseph V. at sea. All the maritime nations agreed upon certain rules and Cunningham and other officers of the Philippine Volunteers; regulations, and the United States adopted those rules and regu­ which was read twice by its title, and referred to the Corninit­ lations by law, as it was obliged to do. tee on Claims. The fishing interests were not considered at that time, but He also introduced the following bills; which were severally since then they have been pursuing the inquiry as to what rules re~d twice by their titles, and, with the accompanying papers, and regulations were required for fishing craft, and all the mari­ referred to the Committee on Pensions: time nations have finally agreed upon rules and regulations A bill (S. 7150) granting an increase of pension to John Bell; touching fishing vessels. Therefore it becomes necessary that A bill (S. 7151) granting an increase of pension to Jonathan we shall unite with them, and the only way we can do it is by n. lleber; enacting into law those rules and regulations. . _ A bill (S. 7152) granting an increase of pension to Jacob I will say in relation to the fishermen that circulars were Foust; sent to nearly if not quite all who are interested in fishing A bill ( S. 7153) granting a pension to Edwin R. Smith; and vessels, and nine replies out of ten were in favor of the rules A bill ( S. 7154) granting an increase of pension to Samuel A. and regulations us agreed to by the Maritime Congress. The l\1iller. only objection raised by anyone to them was the additional cost Mr. ALLEE introduced a bill (S. 7155) to provide for the pur­ to the fishermen. That is a mere bagatelle, and it ought not chase of a site and the erection of a public building thereon in to be considered in the matter of collisions. - the city of Georgetown, State of Delaware; which was read I ask unanirpous consent for the present consideration of twice by its title, and refelTed to the Committee on Public Build­ the bill. ings and Grounds. The Secretary read the bill ; and there being no objection, He also introduced a bill (S. 7156) granting an ihcr~ase of

) 1906. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. 329

pension to John W. Thomas; which was read twice by its title, severally read twice QY tbeir titles, and referred to the Com­ and referred to the Committee on Pensions. mittee on Public Buildings and Grotmds : 1\.lr. A~KENY inh·oduced a bill (S. 7157) granting an increasP. .A bill ( S. 7180) for the purchase of a site for a Federal of pen ion to Austin S. Dunning; which was read twice by its building for the United States post-office at Hickory, N. C. ; title, and r<'ferred to the Committee on Pensions. A bill (S. 7181) to provide for the purchase of a site and the Jr. SCOTT introduced a bill ( S. 7158) for the relief of the erection thereon of a public building at Gastonia, N. C.; trustees of the Presbyterian Chur

· A bill ( S. 7210) for the relief of the trustees of the Presbyte­ bas many branches. The Mormons trade with the Zion Coou.era~ rian Church of Mount Sterling, Ky. tive Mercantile Institution, and it is almost impossible for a ­ SENATOR FROM UTAH. non-Mormon to compete with the Zion Cooperative Mercantile The VICE-PRESIDENT. If there are no concurrent or other Institution in a community where the ·Mormons are in the resolutions, the morning business is closed. great majority. l\lr. BURROWS. I ask the Chair to lay before the Senate The leaders · of the church and those high· in its councils are re~lution No. 143. the directors and managers and controllers of this high com­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate mercial institution. The leaders are also presidents and direct~ tlle resolupon indicated by the Senator from Michigan. ors of banks, mining companies, railroad companies, electrical The Senate resumed the consideration of the resolution re­ companies, summer and bathing resorts, theaters, etc. . In fact, ported June 11, 1006, from the Committee on Privileges and the hierarchy and the church are controlling spirits in all sorts Elections, which was read, as follows: • of business enterprises. . Resolved, That REED SMOOT is not entitled to a seat as a Senator of They are not made president of the church and apostles be~ the United States from the State of Utah. cause they are successful business men and because they are Mr. DUBOIS. Mr. President. it is difficult to describe con­ presidents and directors of these various business organiz at ions~ ditions in· Utah and the surrounding country where the Mormons but they become directors and controllers in these organizat ions are in great numbers so that one not familiar can form an ade­ by virtue of their being president of the church and apostles, quate idea of the situation. and after they have been selected as president or apostles of the Negro dcmination in the South would not be tolerated by the church. · white man, and, finally, the entire North bas come to sympathize The constant tendency is to make the church and state one; wHb the white people of the South in their determination ·that with the church in control. This has been so completely and so the black race shall not be supreme in political affairs. ingeniously carried out that it is impossible in any affair, tem­ The same principle is involved in the contest which the non- poral, spiritual, or political, to tell where t11e authority of the 1\formons are making again~t the political control of the Mormon church begins or ends. It is impossible to separate the ecclesi­ hierarchy. It is almost impossible for one who has not spent astical power o~ conh·ol from the political power of control. some time among the Mormon people, and who has not studied con­ All authority in temporal, spiritual, and political affairs unites ditions existing in the l\lormon country, to appreciate the h·e­ and is centered and is absolute and binding in the hierarchy. mend.ous power and in.fiuence which the leaders of the Mormon The organization of the church is very complete in its arrange- Church have over their followers in all things. .ments. The power begins with and ends with. the hierarchy. The Mormon Church is a commercial and political organiza­ Nearly all members of the church are given some office and some tion ess~ntially. ~' he followers, for the most part, are simple­ responsibility, and there is an opportunity for advancement in minded and indush·ious people, who are content to live on farms all directions, ecclesiastical, temporal, and political, if the Mor­ nnd eke out an existence for themselves and ·families. Their mon is obedient to his leaders and accepts without quesUon condition is better than it was before they joined the Mormon their counsel. There are but comparatively few lay members Church in Sweden, Denmark, or Wales, or England, or the of this church. The smallest officers, such as teachers, are se­ Southern States, or the backwoods of Indiana or Illinois. lected by the bishops of the various wards. Commencing with The leaders-and by the leaders I mean especially those who the bishops and going up in ecclesiastical authority all the offi­ control the people in spiritual, temporal, and political affairs, cers of the church are appointed with the approval of the presi­ who are the first presidency and the twelve apostles-:-are, witll dent of the church. ~ other words, the president selects all rare exception, bright and active men of the world, and Ameri­ officers of the church of responsibility. Commencing at the low­ cans by birth. They are business men, and handle the church est of the officers of the church .and going up to the president on business principles. Generally they are well to do, and some himself, you begin with the bishops of wards, who have juris­ of them are rich. They live niCely and mingle with men of the diction over geographical subdivisions and locally are the recog- . world in bi"gh positions on perfectly easy and equal footing. nized heads of the Mormons in their particular locality. They The church collects a tltbe from all its members. Its mem­ collect the tithings, settle disputes among the Mormons, look bers are taught constantly that the paying of tithes is a high after church and secular affairs of the Mormons in their wards. duty, and that one can not be in good standing in the church Each bishop has two counselors, selected by himself. unless tithing is paid freely and fully. When a. Mormon does Next above the bishop come the presidents of stakes. A stake not pay his tithing cheerfully he is regarded by the heads of is a much larger subdivision of territory inhabited by Mormons. the church as a very poor Mormon. The president of a stake has two counselors, also appointed by · They pay th.is tithe, or 10 per cent of all their earnings, either himself. The president of a stake is the highest authority lo- in money or in kind; for instance, if a follower has ten calves, cally· in the Mormon Church, outside of Utah. · but no money, he gives to the tithe collector one calf. If he has Above the president of the stakes are about a dozen other ten tons of bay, be gives one ton of hay; and in a great many officers, with different designations and different power , until instances a :Mormon has no money, and so gives in kind, no mat­ you come to the twelve apostles, who stand next in authority to ter whether it is eggs or butter or cheese or chickens, or what the president of the church himself. All of these officers, in­ not. The tithe collector turns this property over to the proper cluding the apostles, are appointed directly by the president of officer of the church, and the produce is disposed of and is used the church, without consultation or restraint by anyone, or else for the benefit of the church. as in the case of bishops, they are approved by the president of If you take into consideration that in addition to this 10 per the church before their selection can be made valid. In the case cent which every good Mormon must pay to the church he is of the selection ~f an apostle to fill a vacancy in the apostolic also called upon to pa y his ordinary taxes, as a citizen, amount­ quorum, the theory is that the apostles tbemselyes fill this va­ ing to from 3 to 5 per cent, you can easily see that the rank and cancy; but it is a fact that the president of the church claims :file ot the Mormon people do not make much progress toward tllat he received a revelation from God that some certain man material independence. shall be selected for this apostleship, and the apostles unhesi~ Tithing at the present time is being freely given, and must tatingly accept this revelation and select the man named by the amount to something in the neighborhood of $2,000,000 a year. president of tbe·church. · This tithing is }laid to the high officers of the church, and there Ecclesiastical preferment in the church means opportunity for is never any accounting to anybody for its disposition. temporal advancement. The business, social, n.nd politicn.l Only recently a Mr. Smurt hwait, of Ogden, Utah, a wealthy future of every Mormon depends upon his standing with the man, was turned out of the church because be undertook to en­ church. Every avenue is open to him so long as be implicitly ter into business in competition with the church. Before being obeys the counsel and does the bidding of the church, while excommunicated, however, he brought suit against the church in every avenue is closed to him whenever he loses his fellowship the c.ourt for· an account ing of the tithings, alleging that he him­ in the church. There is nothing left for a l\1ormon who refuses self paid money to the church, and that he bad a right to know to obey implicitly whatever policy the church may deter mine what became of it The subservient coutts of Utah of course upon except to leave the church entirely and take his chances dismissed the suit. with the world, the same as non-MormQns do. For a Mormon The Mormons are urged to conh·ibute to the bui1ding of t em­ brought up in the church to sever the ties which bind llim to an ples, and apparently enough money has been collected for the his "kindred and the associations; teachings, and trainings of a building of these temples to have built a gi·eat many more than lifetime is well-nigh appalling. It means social osh·aCism. The there are. · pretty fiction is given to ·the Mormon people and the world that The leaders of the Mormon Church are engaged in business all these officers of the l\I~rmon Church, including the president enterprises Qf all descriptions. The Zion Cooperative Mer­ himself, must be . selected by the people at the various confer­ cantile Instituqon is a great business establishment, dealing in ences. This they attempt to prov-e from the fact that at these all kinds of articles which department stores would carry, and . coD.ferences the names of the first presidents and the apostles, . ' 1906. CONGRESSION·AL RECORD-SENATE. 331'

the se>en presidents of seventies, the presidents of stakes, and of the church bas access to. It is impossible to prove a polyg­ the bishops are submitted to the people and they are asked to amous marriage because of the lack of power to prove by tho • " sustain " them by holding up their hands. The list includes a records that a polygamous marriage has been celebrated. When great many, of course, and I doubt if a case has ever been children come as a result of plural marriages the neighbors known where anyone of the 10,000 people gathered in a semi­ readily understand that the polygamous relation is being main­ annual conference has risen in his place and objected to " sus­ tained, and if the power were in the State to punish, convic­ taining" any officer submitted to the conference by the authori­ tions could be bad for unlawful cohabitation. It would be im­ ties of the church. I doubt if any provision is made in case possible, however, to prove polygamy. In fact, when the Ed­ such a protest or dissent should come. It never was contem­ munds law was being rigidly enforced, while quite a number plated that any member of the church would question the divine of convictions in Utah were secured under the provisions of that right of the authorities to select these officers. I imagine that act for unlawful cohabitation, no convictions for polygamy could if anyone should have the temerity to object to sustaining an be prosecuted successfully because of the in:;tbility on the part officer presented to the conference for their approval that such of the officers to prove the plural marriage. a member would have to withdraw his objection or else be A national law, passed by Congress and approved by the disfellowshipped if he persisted in his objection. President, giving to the United States authorities power to You can imagine what complete domination the church bas prosecute for polygamy would be ineffective, because there over its followers through this power of the president to appoint would be no possible way by which a plural marriage could be ·all the officers of the church by reflecting on the effect on the proved to the satisfaction of a judge or jury. appointees their selection by the President of the United States I desire the Senate to bear that in mind, because at some time bas on them. As a rule, the President selects men to fill the in the future when I shall not be here this question will come Federal offices who have demonstrated their acceptan·ce of the up. The President of the United States in his message recom­ principles of the party of which the President is the head and mends a law for correcting evils connected with marriage and who have been zealous in the advocacy of those principles. divorce and against polygamy. That is a Mormon suggestion. .Whenever a policy for the party is announced by the President The leaders of the Mormon Church have asked me to introduce of the United States and his close party associates high in a constitutional amendment to that effect. Such an amendment authority, these officeholders, as a rule, .immediately become would not be worth the paper on which it might be written: -advocates of that ·policy. When you contemplate that these ap­ You can not prove polygamy against these people. If the Gov:. pointees of the president of the Mormon Church are not, as is ernment bad the power it could provide against plural mar­ the case with the President of the United States, confined to one riages, but not against Mormons ; and every Mormon here stands party, but embrace members of all parties, you can have some behind .the recominendation of the President of the United faint idea of their subserviency. · States. You can not prove polygamy withput proving the sec­ When you take into account, in addition, that not only politi­ ond marriage, and you can not prove the second marriage on a cal preferment is involved in their acquiescence, but that every Mormon. Such marriages are celebrated in their endowment opportunity for advancement in all the walks of life are depend­ · houses, no one being present except Mormons. The ceremony is ent upon their accepting the decrees of their leaders, you can performed by the high officials of that organization and no rec­ begin to comprehend the tremendous power politically which ord is kept of it. In their testimony before our committee in this hierarchy wields. regard to their plural marriages they could not even recollect The president of the Mormon Church, Joseph F. Smith, and the slightest portion of the ceremony. It is futile to pass ·laws the president of the twelve apostles, who is next in line for the against polygamy. - presidency of the church, both testified before the Senate com­ While thousands of convictions were secured under the Ed­ mittee that they were living in open polygamy, in defiance of munds law, there were but four ·or five all told in Utah, Idaho; law and of the contract which they made with the Government and elsewhere· for polygamy; and in those cases such convic­ when they secured statehood for Utah. More than half of the tions happened .where ·the polygamo·us marriage to the second twelve apostles are admittedly defying the law and the Govern­ wife, accidentally or through inadvertence, was performed be­ ment, in that they are openly living in polygamous relations. fore a recording officer. You can prove unlawful cohabitation-; New polygamous marriages are continually being celebrated but no Mormon will ever support an amendment to the Consti­ in the Mormon Church. It bas been shown that apostles of the tution providing for the punishment of those living in unlawful church have entered into or performed these new ceremonies cohabitation. You will be confronted with that. The defenders since the manifesto of the church was issued in which the church of the Mormons here, including the apostle Senator himself; agreed solemnly to suspend polygamy. who is on trial, and all those who are here through the votes New polygamous marriages are not entered into so openly as and grace of the Mormons, will insist on the · polygamous bi the days before the manifesto, and a different character of amendment, but they will be very strenuously against an un­ men are now entering into the polygamous relation. . Formerly lawful-cohabitation amendment. the poor and ignorant took plural wives, the same as those better The SuJ?reme Co1,1rt of the United States bas unanimously off, and of a higher order of intelligence. Now, young men of held that to prove unlawful cohabitation it is only necessary to ability are selected to enter into these relations. The brainy prove that a man holds out to the world more than one woman young men of the church are tied iri:evocably to the church and as his wife. It is unnecessary even that she bear him children. made subservient to it through the polygamous relation. When­ '!'hat can be proved through circumstantial evidence, but you ever they contract polygamous marriages, they are without the can not prove polygamy through circumstantial evidence. pale of the law, and their only 'hope for protection is through I may say also, in passing, that unless you provide for the this powerful church organization. It is a wonderful fact, and ~election of jurors you can not convict; and when you come bas stood forth plainly throughout all the history of the church, to the adoption of a constitutional amendment I beg Senators that the polygamists occupy the high ecclesiastical and political to bear that in mind. You can not, and never could and never positions, and are the wealthiest and most powerful members of did, convict a Mormon of any of these offenses if there was a the organization in all respects. Under the present system, Mormon on the jury. There is not a Mormon anywhere within polygamous marriages are celebrated secretly, and for the most the sound of my voice or elsewhere who does not believe, as part in foreign counh·ies or beyond the jurisdiction of the United firmly as any of you believe that which is most dear to you, States; for instance, a young man is to take a plural wife, he in the divine right of polygamy ; and with a Mormon on the gets the consent of the authorities through his bishop, goes with jury you can not convict another Mormon of these offenses. his prospective wife to British Columbia, Mexico, or to some In the early days, under the Edmunds Act, the United States place on the ocean some miles beyond the United States coast, marshal was granted an open venire. He selected his own where the marriage is celebrated by some authorized officer of jurors, and until he did that there never was a conviction of a the church. Instead, as in the old . days when polygamy was Mormon for these offenses. entered into indiscriminately; now the polygamists are selected, One polygamous marriage entered into now under the system and in this way the practice is more insidious and. dangerous adopted of selecting those who should go into polygamy, with than formerly, because a cult and aristocracy of polygamists are great care, is more dangerous and more inimical, more subver­ .being built up within the church. Those in polygamy are in sive of law, and inore degrading to womanhood than forty such complete control of the organization now, and have ever been, marriages entered into indiscriminately in the past. and it is evident that under the system which they are building It is apparent to all close observers that the church does not up now, they intend to remain always in complete control. intend to give up polygamy. It is plain, on tlle contrary, that It is much more difficult in these days to prove polygamy or they intend to establish it more firmly, and that they will openly polygamous cohabitation than formerly, because now every proclaim it again as a divine institution so ~";OOn as they think means is resorted to to keep the facts concealed that anyone bas they are in a position to do so. · gone into polygamy. There is no record anywhere of the plural Their every endeavor is to strengthen their Position by ex­ mardages which anyone not a member of the governing body tending their political control. They are all :_Jowertul in Utall ~ . 332 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. .DEOEMBEE, 13,

now, and can control all the political offices, including Senators matter what relation it might bear to the duties which he has and .:Uembe.rs of Congress. They are so strong in Idaho that sworn to perform under his oath to the United States. no one can be elected to the Senate or House without their con­ It must be plain to: anyone who has followed the testimony of • sent. This is equally true in Wyoming. They are becoming a the present case that the Mormon authorities constitute a band large balance of power in Oregon, and wben the Government of conspiratt>rs, whose object is to set aside and nullify the irrigation enterprises are developed in Nevada and large tracts laws of the land when in their judgn;tent such laws are in con­ of land are opened there for settlement, they can and easily will flict with the duties which they owe to their organization, and colonize and eontrol politics in Nevada. that this conspiracy aims to make the state subservient to the It is the present condition and the future menace politically that church and to concentrate in the hands of the church authori­ the non-1\Iormop:s of this section especially protest against. The ties the political powers which belong solely to the State. non-Mormons in all this region have the same detestation of REED SMOOT is a part of this conspiracy as an apostle of the polygamy that the balance of the country has, and join with church. He is one of the bead conspirators, and not only _ the rest of the United States in their desire to protect and exalt fully understands the object of the conspiracy, but counte· womanhood and to enforce -obedience and respect for the laws n.ances and encourages by his acquiescence and su-pl)ort the of the land. Those who have not come in contact with the or­ plans and aims of tbe conspiracy. ganization, howe,..er, do not and can not understand the effect on Non-Mormons in that section where Mormon influence is pre­ our free institutions and to QUr system of government of this dominant believe that the -separation of the church and state, tremendous political home of the Mormon hierarchy. It is the the denial of the right of the. church to dictate politically, and chief de:sire of the non-I\Iormons in that section to make plain the breaking down of the church hierarchy in political affairs this close union of church and state -and to arouse the counh·y, will have more to do with stopping polygamy than any laws so that through Congressional action it will come to our· rescue which possibly can be framed or enforced against the practice and help us to break it down. of polygamy. · So long as the political power of the church au­ The lower branch of Congress refused to seat Brigham H. thorities is maintained and exercised, just so long will every Roberts because he was -a self-confessed polygamist. Roberts avenue for advancement in all lines to the .Mormon people be claimed to be a Democrat. · He was a bigh official, and is now absolutely· under the control of the Mormon authorities. Every a high official of the Mormon Church, and stands higher in the incentive compels th~m, therefore, to accept the conclusion and estimation of that organization than he did before he was de­ the counsel of their authorities in every spiritual, temporal, and pri,..ed of his seat in Congress. His bighest allegiance then and political matter. · his highest allegiance now is to the Mormon Church. Whether The masses of the 1\lormon people do not approve of the con· he calls himself a Democrat or a Republican is a mere bagatelle, tinuance of polygamy and polygamous living, nor do they and counts for noth~ng. approve of the union of church and state .and the dictation of Senator SMOOT is not a polygamist, or rather no attempt is the church :authorities in political matters. These conditions made to prove that he is a polygamist. He may be or he may are no more pleasing to them than to the non-1\Iormons. Their not be. In his case this question does not particularly interest own individual ambition is stifled, and their independence of the non-Mormons who live in that section of the counh-y. Sena­ action in political and temporal affairs taken away. None tor SMOOT is an apostle of the Mormon Church. He is one of woui~ hail with more delight the complete abandonment .the body of twelve, w.ho, next to the first presidency and in· con­ of polygamy and the political control by the leaders than would junction with the first presidency, are the controlling authorities the great number of followers of these leaders. Their lives are of the church in everything, spiritual, temporal, and political. so interwoven with the teachings and the doctrines of the He would not have been selected as an apostle unless he was in church, and they are so dependent in their every relation on full accord with the authorities of the church. the church organization, however, that they perforce dread .A.s I ha\e indicated, obedience to the leaders, obedience to breaking away from it entirely, and rather than do that, with all council, subserviency to the ruling authorities of the churcb its attendant consequences, accept present conditions. lead to promotion in the church. . If the church authorities would give them absolute freedom . The fact that Senator SMooT was steadily promoted until he of action, and would not, by their example and counsel, teach was finally selected to be an apostle is proof conclusive that be them obedience in political affairs and defiance of the Ia w in is in full accord with Joseph ·R Smith, Mr. Lyman, and his respect to polygamy and polygamous cohabitation, the great 'Other brother apostles, who, by their own statements ·and ad­ masses of the Mormon people would -quickly put a stop to missions, are openly living in polygamous relations in defiance polygamy, and would with vigor and energy exercise complete Qf the law. in addition to that, it is not denied, but on the independen~e in all political matters. 'Other hand it has been sworn to by the president of the church It is my judgment that the musses of the Mormon people in­ himself, that REED SMOor had to secure the consent of the tended to live up to the promises made by their leaders to the chui:ch and of his associate apostles before he could become a Government when statehood for Utah was secured. They be­ candidate for the United. States Senate. The president of the lieved their leaders were sincere in entering into the compact church gave his consent that REED SMooT should be a candidate with the Government that polygamy and polygamous relations for the United States Senate. He did not give his consent that would cease and that the church would not interfere in p3litics. ·any other per on should be a candidate for this high office. It is the constituted autj:10rities of the organization that the This consent was given openly and proclaimed to the people of Go,..ernment has to contend with and not the masses of the people. Utah. There was no other candidate for the United States So long . as polygamy and polygamous relations are openly 'Senate at that election in either party, because it was under­ maintained by the leaders of this organization, and so long as stood by every man, woman, and child in Utah that, the presi­ the ruling authorities of the church claim and exercise the right dent of the church and the authorities of the church having to dominate the State politically, just so long wm polygamous given their consent that REED SMOOT should be a candidate, it relations continue, and just so long will the political po,Ter of was the desire and counsel of the church to the Mormons that the church authorities be maintained and strengthened. The REED SMoOT should be elected to the United States Senate. No followers and the great masses of the people will take the ex­ other Mormon dared to announce his candidacy for the United ample of their leaders, and will be guided by their counsei in all Senate after the church had selected REED SMOOT. It was use­ tllings. · less for any non-Mormon to become a candidate against the The hopes of the masses of the people are in the Go,..ernment, . candidate of the church. REED SMooT, therefore, is clearly the and in them the Government has an a1ly in so far as their hopes Senator of the Mormon hierarchy, and is unmistakably the and wishes will aid. representative of all the Mormon hierarchy, .and is unmistakably It is only fair, I think, for me to say-and I am glad the the representative of all the Mormon hierarchy stands for, and distinguished Senator from 1\fichigan [Mr. BuRRows] treated would do :the bidding of the church as its Senator if the direc­ upon it the other day-that there is a branch of the Mormons, tions of the church came in conflict with the duties be has sworn called the # Josephites," who qugnt to be separated clearly in to perform as a Senator of the United States. the minds of all Senators from the Brighamite Mormon . The I say that notwithstanding the fact that the Senator from Josephites claim that they are the custodians of the church as · Utah testified that if he were confronted with that problem he it was founded. They claim that Brigham Young has inter­ would go to some other countr-y where he could live his re­ jected doctrines into the church which the Mormons did not a~­ ligion, I insist that under ·the organization of his church he cept in the beginning. A.t any rate, bo,ve-ver that may be, the would do the bidding of the church here, and he would not Josephite 1\Iormons, with their lleadquarters at Lamoni, in the leave the United States and go to any other country, where he State of Iowa, and wherever tl:ley are, no matter in what part could live his religion. He would live it here in the open Senate. of the country, are among the best of our citizens in all re· If Joseph Smith should receive a re,..elation from God on any ~meets . They do ·not believe in polygamy ; they never practiced subject, this re\elation would be binding on REED S:llOOT, no polygamy. They discountenanced it. They do not believe in 1906. CONGRESSIONAL ~ECORD-SENATE . 333

church dictation in political affairs. They are the same as of open rebellion. He has committed these acts of hostility not­ withstanding Major Van Vliet, an officer of the Army, sent to Utah by other church organizations, and to their religion no one has any the commanding general to purchase provisions for the troops, had objection. I am glad to call the attention of Senators to it, so given him the strongest assurances of the peaceful intentions of the that in the future we may not confuse the Josephite with the Government and that the troops would only be employed as a posse Brighamite Mormons. comitatus when called on by the civil authorities to aid in the execu- I ba1e in this brief sketch endeavored to convey an idea as tio~h~~eifse 1!e~':~D. to believe that -Governor Young has long contemplated to what the Mormon organization is. There has been no change this result. He knows that the continuance of his despotic power de­ pends upon the exclusion of all settlers from the Territory except those in the spirit or intent of the Brighamite branch of the Mormon who will acknowledge his divine mission and implicitly obey his w~ll, Church, to which Apostle SMOOT owes his complete allegiance, and that an enlightened public opinion there would soon prostrate m­ from its beginning down to the present day. Its methods in stitutions at war with the laws both of God and man. He has, there­ fore, for several years, in order to maintain his independence, been in­ carrying out its objects differ from· time to time and in differ­ dustriously employed in collecting and fabricating arms and munitions ent localities as the exigency demands. The Mormon Church is of war and in disciplining the Mormons for military affairs. -As super­ a government of its own in all things, and demands and re­ intendent of Indian affairs he has had an opportunity of tampering with the Indian tribes and exciting their hostile feelings against the ceives of its followers their first and highest allegiance. \Vher­ United States. This, accordinf? to our information, he has accomplished ever it is sufficiently strong it completely dominates the State ln regard to some of these tribes, while others have remained true to politically, as in Utah, and where it has a large minority of the their allegiance and. have communicated his intrigues to our Indian agents. He has laid in a store of provisions for three years, which ip. · -population it dominates . the State through its great balance of case of necessity, as be informed Major Van Vliet, he will conceal "and power, as in Idaho and Wyoming. then take to the mountains and bid defiance to all the powers of the One of its chief tenets is the divine right of polygamy, to the Government." A great part of all of this may be idle boasting, but yet no wise practice of which it has clung tenaciously during all the years, government will lightly estimate the efforts which may be inspired by and to which it tenaciously adheres _to-day. such frenzied fanaticism as exists among the Mormons in Utah. This From its very inception this organization has been a menace is the first rebellion which has existed in our Territories, and humanity itself requires that we shall put it down .in such a manner that it shall to our form of government, and has been bitterly assailed wher­ be the last. To trifle with it would be to encourage it and to render it ever it has located itself by American citizens who have come formidable. We ought to go there with such an imposing force as to in contact with it. 'l'here has been a perpetual conflict between convince these deluded people that resistance would be in vain, and thus spare the effusion of blood. We can in this manner best convince them it and the Government, with the exception of a few years that we are their friends, not their enemies. In order to accomplish following the issuance of the manifesto in 1890. I will refer this object, it will be necessary, accordin~ to the estimate of the War to this later on in my remarks and give the reasons why there Department, to raise four additional regiments, and this I earne!'tly recommend to Congress. At the present moment .of depression in the was a temporary cessation of hostilities between the United revenues of the country I am sorry to be obliged to recommend sncb a States Government and the government of the church during measure; but I feel confident of the support of Congress, cost what it these years. may, in suppressing the insurrection and in restoring and maintaining the sovereignty of the Constitution and laws over the Territory of So opposed are the teachings and practices of this organiza­ Utah. tion to the ordinary conception of what constitutes American EXTRACT FROM THIRD L~NUA.L MESSAGE OF PRESIDE~T GR.A.NT. citizenship and so offensive have been its practices that every In Utah tl::\ere still remains a remnant of barbarism repugnant to President of the United States, from Buchanan down to McKin­ civilization, to decency, and to the laws of the United States. Terri­ ley, has called attention in his messages to Congress to the ne­ torial officers, however, have been found who are willing to perform tbeir duty in a spirit of equity and with a due sense of the necessity cessity for the most stringent legislation in restraint of their of sustaining the majesty of the law. Neither polygamy nor any other treasonable and obnoxious practices.- violation of existing statutes will be permitted within the territory of ! should _like to read the messages of Presidents Buchanan, the United States. It is not witb the religion of the self-styled saints that we are now dealing, but with their practices. They will be pro­ Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, and Cleveland (during his first tected in the worship of God according to the dictates of their con­ term), but, with the consent of the Senate, will content myself sciences, but they will not be permitted to violate the laws under the by having them made a part of my argument. cloak of religion. It may be advisable fer Congress to consider what, in the execution The VICE-PRESIDENT. In the ab ence of objection, the of the laws against polygamy, is to be the status of plural wives and matter referred to by the Senator from Idaho will be printed in their offspring. 'rhe propriety of Congress passin~ an enabling act au­ the RECORD as part of his remarks. thorizing the Territorial legislature of Utah to legitimatize all childr·en born prior to a time fixed in the act might be justified by its humanity The matter referred to is as follows: to these innocent children. ·This is a suggestion only, and not a recom­ EXTRACT FROM FillST ANNUAL MESSAGE OF !"RESIDENT BUCHANAN. mendation. A Territorial government was established fot· Utah by act of Con­ EXTRACT FROM SEVE~TH .A.NNU.A.L ltiESS.A.GE OF PRESIDENT GRANT. ·gress approved the 9th September, 1850, and the Constitution and laws In nearly every annual message that I have had the honor of h·ansmit­ of the United States were thereby extended over it " so far as the same ting to Congress, I have called attention to the anomalous, not to say or any provisions thet·eof may be applicable." This act provided for scandalous, condition of affairs existing in the Territory of Utah. and the appointment by the President, by and with the advice and consent have asked for definite legislation to correct it. That polygamy should of the Senate, of a governor (who was to be ex officio superintendent of exist in a free, enlightened, and Christian country, without the power to Indian affairs), a secretary, three judges of the supreme court, a mar­ punish so flagrant a crime against decency and morality, seems pre­ shal, and a district attorney. Subsequent acts provi9ed for the ap­ posterous. True, there is no law to sustain this unnatural vice; but pointment of the officers necessary to extend our land and our lndian what is needed is a law to punish it as a crime and at -the same time system over the '.rerritory. Brigham Young was appointed the first to fix the status of the innocent children, the offspring of this system, governor on the 20th September, 1850, and has held the office ever since. and of the possibly innocent plural 'Wives, but as an institution polygamy Whilst Governor Young has been both governor and superintendent of should be banished from the land. Indian affairs throughout this period, he has been at the same time the EXTRACT FROU PRESIDENT HAYES'S THIRD ANNUAL MESSAGE. head of the church caJled the Latter-Day Saints, and professes to gov­ The continued -deliberate violation by a large number- of the prom­ ern· its members and dispose of theit· property by direct inspimtion and inent and influential citizens of the Territory of Utah of the laws of authority from the Almighty. His power has been, therefore, absolute the United States for the prosecution and punishment of polygamy over both church and state. demands the attention of every department of the Government. This The people of Utah almost exclusively belong to this church, and Territory has a population sufficient to entitle it to admission as a believing with a fanatical spirit that he is governor of the Territory State, and the genera1 interests of the nation, as well as the. welfare of by divine appointment, they obey his commands as if these were di­ the citizens of the Territory, require its advance from the Territorial rect revelations from heaven. If, therefore, he chooses that his gov­ form -of government to the responsibilities and privileges of a State. ernment shall come into collision with the Government of the United 'l'bis important change will not, however, be approved by the country States, the members of the Mormon Church will yield implicit obe­ while the citizens of Utah in very considerable number uphold a prac­ dience to his will. Unfortunately, ex:isti~ facts leave but little tice which is condemned as a crime by the laws of all civilized com- doubt that such is his determination. without entering upon a munities throughout the world. _ minute history of occurrences, it is sufficient to say that all the offi­ The law for the suppression of this offense was enacted with great cers of the United States, judicial and executive, with the single ex­ unanimity by Congress more than seventeen years ago, but has re· ception of two Indian agents, have found it necessary for their own mained until recently a dead letter in the Territory of Utah, because . personal safety to withdraw from the Territory, and there no longer of the peculiar .difficulties attending its enforcement. The opinion remains any government in· Utah but the despotism of Brigham Young. ·widely prevailed among the citizens of Utah that the law was in con­ ·This being the condition of affairs in the Territory, I could not mis­ travention of the constitutional guaranty of religious freedom. This take the path of duty. As Chief Executive Magistrate I was bound to objection is now removed. The Supreme Court of the United States restore ·the supremacy of the Constitution and laws within its limits. has decided the law to be w"ithin the legislative power of Congress and In order to effect this purpose I appointed a new governor and other binding as a rule of action for all who reside within the Territories. Federal officers for Utah and sent with them a military force for their There is no longer any reason for delay or hesitation in its enforce­ protection and to aid as a posse comitatus in case of need in the ment. It should _be firmly and effectively executed. If not sufficiently execution of the laws. strinf?ent in its provisions, it should be amended; and in aid of th·e pur­ With the religious opinions of the Mormons, as- long as they remain pose m view I recommend that more comprehensive and more searching mere opinions, however deplorable in themselves and revolting to the methods for preventing as well as punishing this crime be provided. moral and religious sentiment of all Christendom, I had no right to If necessary to secor~ obedience to tile law, the enjoyment and exercise interfere. Actions alone, when in violation of the Constitution and of the rights and privileges of citizenship in the 'rerritories of the laws of the United States, become the legitimate subjects for the· juris­ United States may be withheld or withdrawn from those who violate diction of a civil magistrate. My instructions to Governor Cumming or oppose the enforcement of the law on this subject. have therefore been framed in strict accordance with these principles. At their date a hope was indulged that no necessity might exist for em­ EXTRACT FROlll PRESIDENT HAYES'S FOURTH ANNUAL MESSAGE. ploying the military in restoring and maintaining the authority of the It is the recognized duty and purpQse of the people of the United law, but this hope bas now vanished. Governor Young bas by procla­ States to suppress polygamy where it now exists in our Territories and mation declared his determination to maintain his power by force, and to prevent its extension. Faithful and zealous elforts have been made has already committed acts of hostllity against the United States. Un­ by the United States authorities in Utah to enforce the laws against it. less be should retrace his steps the 'Territory ot Utah will be in a state Experience has shown that the legislation upon this subject to be ef· 334 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. . DECE}IBER _13,

fective requires extensive modification and amendment. - The longer practices that this Government is seeking to suppress, and that its action is delayed the more difficult it will be to accomplish what is de­ efforts in that regard will be more likely to encounter their opposition sired. Prompt and decided measures are necessary. '£he Mormon sec­ than to receive their encouragement and support. Even if this view tarian orgamzation which upholds polygamy has the whole power of should happily be erroneous, the law under which the Commissioners making and executing the local legislation of the Territory. By its con­ have been acting should be made more etrective by the incorporation of trol of the grand and petit juries it possesses large infiuence over the some such stringent amendments as they recommend and as wer·e in­ administration of justice. Exercising, as the heads of this sect do, the cluded in bill No. 2238 on the Calendar of the Senate at its last session. loc31 political power of the Territory, they are able to make effective I am convinced, however, that polygamy has become so strongly in­ their hostility to the law of Congress on the subject of polygamy, and, trenched in the Territory of Utah that it is profitless to attack it with in fact, do prevent its enforcement. Polygamy will not be abolished i! any but the stoutest weapons which constitutional legislation can the enforcement of the law depends on those who practice and uphold fashion. I favor, therefore, the repeal of the act upon which the ex­ the crime. It can only be suppressed by taking away the political isting government depends, the assumption by the National Legislature power of- the sect which encourages and sustains it. of the entire political control Of the Territory, and the establishment of The power of Congress to enact suitable laws to protect the 'l'erri­ a commission with such power,s a·nd duties as shall I.Je delegated to it tories is ample. It is not a case !or halfway measures. The political by law. · power of the Mormon sect is increasing. It controls now one of our EXTRACT FROM PRESIDENT ARTHUR'S FOURTH AN); UAL MESSAGE TO wealthiest and most populous Territories. It is extending steadily into CONGRESS. other •.rerritories. Wherever it ~oes it establishes polygamy and secta­ rian political power. The sanctity of marriage and the family rela_tion The report of the Utah Commission will be read with interest. are the corner stone of our American society and civilization. Relig­ It discloses the results of. recent legislation looking to the prevention ious liberty and the separation of church and state are among the ele­ and punishment of polygamy in that Territory. I still believe that if mentary ideas of free institutions. To reestablish the interests and that abominable practice can be suppressed by law it can only be by principles which polygamy and Mormonism have imperiled and· to fully the most radical legislation consistent with the restraints of the Con­ reopen to intelligent and virtuous immigrants of all creeds that part of stitution. our domain wh-ich has been in a great degree closed to general immi­ I again recommend, therefore, that Congress assume absolute polit­ gi·ation by intolerant and immoral institutions, it is recommended · that ical control of the .Territory ot Utah and provide for the appointment the government of the Territory of. Utah be reorganized. of commissioners with such governmental powers as, in its judgment, I recommend that' Congress provide for the government of Utah by a may justly and wisely be put into their hands. governor and judges or commissioners appointed by the President and EXTR.<\CT FROM PRESIDENT CLEVELAND'S FIRST .!NNCAL MESSAGE. . confirmed by the Senate-a government analogous to the provisional In the Territory of Utah the law of the United States passed for government established t.or the territory northwest of the Ohio by the the suppression ot. polygamy has been energetically and faithfully exe­ ordinance of 1787. It, however, it is deemed best to continue the ex­ cuted during the past year, with mea.sumbly good results. A number isting form of local government, ·1 recommend that the right to vote, of convictions have been secured for unlawful cohabitation, and in some hold office, and sit on juries in the Territory of Utah be confined to cases pleas of guilty have been entered and a sli11-: punishment im­ those who neither practice nor uphold polygamy. It thorough meas­ posed, upon a promise by the accused that they would not again otl:'end ures are adopted, it is believed that within a few years the evils which ngainst the law, nor advise, counsel, or aid or abet in any way -its vio­ now amict Utah will be eradicated and that this Territory will in lation by others. ~?Ood time become one of the most prosperous and attractive of the new T4e Utah commissioners express the opinion, based upon such in­ States of. the Union. • formation as they are able to obtain, that but few polygamous mar­ EXTRACT FROM PRESIDENT GARFIELD'S INAUODRAL ADDRESS. riages have taken place in the Territory during the last year. 'l.'hey The Constitution guarantees absolute religious freedom. Congress is further report that while there can not be found upon the registration prohibited !rom making any law respecting an establishment of religion lists of voters the name of. a man actually guilty of polygamy, and or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The Territories of the United while none of that class are holding office, yet at the last election in States are -subject to the direct legislative authority of. Congress, and the Territory all of the otficers elected, except in one county, were hence the General Government is responsible for any violation of the men who, though not actually living in. the practice of polygamy, sub­ Constitution in any of them. It is therefore a -reproach to the Gov­ scribed to the doctrine of polygamotlS marriages as a divine revelation ernment that in the most populous of the Territories the constitutional and a law unto all higher and more binding upon the conscience than guaranty is not enjoyed by the people and the authority of Congress is any human law, local or national. Thus is the strange spectacle pre­ set at naught. The Mormon Church not only otl:'ends the moral sense sented of a community protected by a republican form of government, to of manhood by sanctioning polygamy, but prevents the administration which they owe allegiance, sustaining by their sutl:'rages a principle and of justice through ordinary instrumentalities of law. . a belief which set at naught that obligation of absolute obedience to the In my judgment it is the duty of Congress, . while respecting to the law of the land which lies at the foundation of republicaq institutions. uttermost the conscientious convictions and religious scruples or ever·y The strength, the perpetuity, and the destiny of the nation rest upon citizen, to prohibit within its jurisdiction all criminal practices, espe­ our homes, established by the law of God, guarded by parental care, cially of that class which destroy the family relations and endanger regulated by parental authority, and sanctified by parental love. social order. Nor can any e

refral:.~r : from tea"cl!in~ it and advises against the practice of it be­ was once more submitted to the thonsands of people gathered together,· cause the 1:1w ls against it_ Now. it is quite true that the law should and they again, in the most potential manner, ratified the solemn cove­ not attempt to deal with the faith or belief of anyone, but it is quite nant. another thing, and the only safe thing, so to deal with the Terri­ This being the true situation, and believing that the object of the tory of Utah· as that those who believe polygamy to be rightful shall Government was simply the vindication of its own authority and to not llave the power to make it lawfuL compel obedience to its laws, and that it takes no pleasure in persecu­ tion, we respectfully pray that full amnesty may be extended to all who It is to be regretted tllat the wise and statesmanlike warn­ are under disabilities because of the operation of the so-c-alled "Ed­ ing of Pre ident Harrison were not heeded. Mr. Harrison munds and Edmunds-Tucker laws." Our people are scattered, homes said in his third. message to Congress: are made desolate, many are still imprisoned, others are banished or in hiding. Our hearts bleed for these. In the past they followed our 'l'he legislation of Congress f()r the repression of polyamy has, after counsels, and while they are thus affilcted our souls are in sackcloth and years of resistance on the part of the Mormons, at last brought them ashes. to the conclusion that resistance is unprofitable and unavailing. The We believe there at·e nowhere in the Union a more loyal people than power of Congress over this subject should not be surrendered until the Latter-Day Saints. They know no other country except this. They we have satisfactory evidence that the- people of the State to be created expect to live and die on this soil. would exercise the exclusive pow-er of the State over this. subject in When the men of the South who were in rebellion against the Gov­ the same way. · The question is not whether these people now obey ernment, in 1865 threw down their arms and asked for l'ecognition the laws of Congress against polygamy, but, rather, would they make along the old lines of citizenship the Government hastened to grant enforce, and maintain such laws themselves if absolutely :free to regu­ their prayer. late the subjec-t? We can not afford to experim~ut wi h this subject, To te at peace with the Government and in harmony with their for when a State is once constituted the act is final and any mistake fellow-citizens who are not of their faith, and to share in the confi­ irretrievable. No compact in the enabling act could, in my opinion, de-nce of the Government and people our people have voluntarily put be binding 'or effective. aside something which all their Jives they have believed to be a sacretl I "·ill not read, but, with the consent of the Senate, will have princinle. · lla-ie they not the right to ask for such clemency as comes when the inserted as a part of my remarks the manifesto of President claims of both law an!} justice have been fully liquidated? Woodruff, in which he promises a cessation of polygamous liv­ As shepherds of a p:ttient and suffering people we ask amnesty for ing and an abandonment and giving up of that practice, and them and pledge our faith and honor for their future. also a petition for amnesty signed by the authorities of the And your petitioners will ever pray. 1VILFOTID 'VOODRUFF. H . J . GRANT. Mormon Church to President Harrison, in which they set forth GEORGE Q. CA...'a'O~ . JOHN HENRY S~IITH • that they will in the- future cease living in polygamous rela­ •JOSEPH ~'. SMITH. JOHN W. TAYLOR. tions, cease dominating the State politically, and beg the Presi­ LORENZO SXOW. 1\1. W. MERRILL. FRANKL!~ D. RICHARDS. ANTHON H . LUND. dent of the United States for amnesty for tbeir past crimes. MOSES 'l'llATCHER. ABRAHAM H. CANNON. The papers refeiTed to are as follows : FnANCIS 1\I. LYMAN.

OFFICIAL DECLARATIO~ . Mr. DUB_OIS. I will read the proclamation of President Har­ 'l'o -whom it mav concern: rison granting amnesty : Press dispatches having been sent for political purposes from Salt WASHIXGTON, D. C., Januat·y .f, 1893. Lake City, which have been widely published, to the effect that the Utah Whereas Congress by a statute approved March 22", 1882, and by Commission, in their recent report to the Secreta.ry of the Interior, al­ statutes in furtherance and amendment thereof, defined the crimes of lege that plural marriages are still being solemnized and that forty or bigamy, polygamy, and unlawful cohabitation in the Territories and more such marriages have been contracted in Utah since last June other places within the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States, or during the past year; also that in public discourses the leaders of and prescribed a penalty for such crimes ; and • the church have taught, encouraged, and urged the continuance of the Whereas, on or about the 6th day of October, 1890, the Church : practice of polygam_y. . of the Latter-Day Saints, commonly known as the " Mormon Church," I, therefore, as president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter­ through its president, issued a· manifesto proclaiming the purpose of Day Saints, do hereby, in the most solemn manner, decla.re that these said church no longer to sanction t he practice of polygamous marriages, charges are false. We are not teaching polygamy, or plural marriage, and calling upon all members and adherents of said church to obey the nor pet·mitting any person to enter into its practice, and I deny that laws of the 1Jnited States in re-ference to said subject-matter ; and either· forty or any other num.ber of plural marriages have, during that Whereas it is represented that since the date of said declaration the period, been solemnized in our temples or in any other place in the members and adherents of said church have generally obeyed said laws Terl'itory. and have abstained from plural marriages and polygamous cohabitation ;­ One case has been reported in -wbicb the parties alleged that the and marriage was performed in tile endowment house, in Salt Lake City, Whereas by petition dated December 19, 1891, the officials of said · in the spring of 1889, but I have not been able to learn who per­ church, pledging the membership thereof to a faithful obedience to the formed the ceremony ; whatever was done in this matter was witl10u t laws against plural marriage and. nnlawful coh~hitation, have applied my knowledge. In consequence of the alleged occurrence the endow­ to me to grant amnesty for past offenses against said laws which re-­ ment housP. W!lS, by my instructions, taken down without delay. quest a very large number of i.afiuential non-Mormons residing in the Inasmuch as laws have been enacted by Congress forbidding plural Territories have also strongly urged; and marriages, which laws have lleeu pl'Onounced constitutional by the Whereas the Utah Commission, in their report bearing date Septem­ court of last resort, I hereby declru:e my intention to submit to those ber 15, 1 92, recommend that said petition be granted and said amnesty laws and to use my influence with the members of the church over proclaimed under proper conditions as to the future observance of the which I preside to have them do likewise. law, with a view to the encouragement of those now disposed to become 'l'het·e is nothing in my teachings to the church or in those of my law-abiding citizens ~ and associates during the time specified which can be reasonably construed Whereas during the past two yeru:s such amnesty bas been granted to inculcate or encoura~e polygamy, and when any elder of the churc.Q individual applicants in a very large number of cases, conditioned upon bas used langunge which appeared to convey any such teachings he has the faithful observance of the laws of the United States against un­ been promptly reproved. And I now publicly declare that my advlce · lawful cohabitati()n, and there are now pending many more such appli­ to the Latter-Day Saints is to refrain from contracting any marriage cations: forbidden by the law of the land. · · Jow, therefore, ·I , BenJamin Harrison, President of the United States, WILFORD WOODRU FF, by virtue of the powers in Qle vested, do hereby declare and grant a President of the Ohut·ch of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. full amnesty and pardon to all persons liable to the penalties of said act by reason of unlawful cohabitntion under the color of polygamous or PFJTfTIO~ . plural marriage who have, since November 1, 1800, abstained from such T o the President: unlawful coha bitation ; but upon the express condition that they shall We, the first presidency and apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of in the future faithfully obey the laws of the United ~ltates hereinbefore Latter-Day Saints, beg respectfully to present to Your Elxcellency the named, and not othet·wise. Those who shall fail to avail· themselves of following facts : the clemency hereby offered will be vigorouslY' prosecuted. We formerly taught to our people that polygamy, or celestial mar­ BE~JAMIN HARinSON. riage, as commanded by God through Joseph Smith, was right; that it By the President : · . waa a necessity to man's highest exaltation in the life to come. Join" W. Jf osTER, Secretary of State. 'l'hat doctrine was publicly promulgated by our president, the J::~.te Brigham Young, forty years ago, and was steadily taught and impressed Mr. President, I call attention to these messages of the upon the Latter-Day Saints up to a short time before September, 1890. Our people are devout and sincere and they accepted the doctrine and Presidents for two purposes : One, to indicate the views of our many personally embraced and practiced polygamy. former Executives; the other, to mark the contrast between When the Government sought to stamp the practice out our people, them and the present o~cup~nt of the White House. Mormo-n­ almost without exception, remained firm, for they, while havln~ no desire to oppose the Government in anything, still felt that their lives ism is more insidious, more dangerous, and a greater menace to and their honor as men were pledged to a vindication of their faith, our Government and civilization to-day than it was at any par­ and th:1t their duty toward those whose lives were a part of their own ticular period when these message were addressed to Con­ was a paramount one, to fulfill which they had no right to count anv­ thin~, not even their own lives, as standing in the way. Following tliis gress. Yet President Roosevelt does not deem the subject conVlction hundreds endured arrest, trial, tine, and imprisonment, and the worthy of. mention in a message filled with suggestions. A­ immeasurable suffering borne by the faithful people no lruiguage can majority of a · great committee of the Senate, after patient and describe. 'fhat suffering, in abated form. still continues. More, the Government added disfranchisement to its other punish­ exhaustive re earch, have reported that REED SMooT is not en­ ments for those who clung to their faith and fulfilled its covenants. titled to his seat as a Senator. It was not a partisan report. According to our faith the head of our church receives, from time to It should not be a partisan subject. No President heretofore time, t·evelations for the religious guidance of his people. In September, 1890, the present head of the eburch, 1n anguish and has made it a matter of partisan politics. President Roose­ prayer, cried to God for help foi· his flock., and received the permission velt has. to advise the members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Mr. President, I can not help but think that my position would Saints that the law commanding polygamy was henceforth suspended. At the great semiannual conference which was held a few days late-r be similar to that of a Senator from the South if he were asked: 'this was submitted to the people, numbering many thousands, and repre­ to make a plea against negro domination in the South to an audi­ senting every community of the people of Utah, and was by them in ence having the power ·to grant him relief, but which was ig­ the most solemn manner accepted as the future rule of their lives. They have since been faithful of the c·onvenant made that day. norant of the subject in its detail. I imagine if I were a Sen­ At the late October conference, after a year had passed by, the matter- ator from the State of Mississippi ~d were called upon to plead 336 CONGRESSIONAL RECORP-_ S~NATE . DECEl\IBE~ - l3'.

for the American white citizenship of the South to a body occur to the Mermons themselves, or to you, perhaps, that there powerful enough to grant relief, I would confine myself to the is something inherently wrong in their organization or else tltis State of ·Mississippi, because negro domination in Mississippi is conflict would not be perpetual? the same as negro domination in North Carolina or elsewhere. Congre. s took away their property and put it into the hands I should like to make an impression on the Senate and the of the United States marshal as a receiver. This did not seem cotmtry, because I stand as the last representative of the Ameri­ to affect the Mormons. Congress contemplated other legisla­ can citizenship of the Rocky Mountain country opposed to the tion. So that finally here they were, going to the penitentiary domination of the Mormon hierarchy in our politics; and I by the thousands; their church property had been taken away think perhaps it would be as well for me to do as I imagine I from ·them; they were disfranchised in one of the Territories; would do if I were from the South. I have lived among these bills were pending in Congress, the Struble bill amongst others, people for a quarter of a century, for more than twenty-five to disfranchise them everywhere. Tl;ley were sorely beset. Their years.. I went there from Illinois, after having been graduated leaders were in biding or in the peiiitentiary. 'l'beir followers from an eastern college. I knew nothing of the Mormons. My lot had left their families and fled into the mountain fastne ses fo fell there. My life has been spent there. Mormons every,vhere e-vade the officers of the law. It was a trying time. And in ad­ are the same, and perhaps I had better tell you of conditions as dition to that there was then what I am sorry to say I do not they have been and now are in Idaho rather than to deliyer a observe now-a movement among the younger members of the thesis on the Mormon question. church against the leaders. When, in 1880, I went to Blackfoot, where I now llve, the 'l'be younger members then said to the leaders, "You must polygamists were on all sides. They held the bigb church posi­ give up this unequal contest. You. can not carry on this struggle tions, the high official positions. No one could be · preferred, against the great power of the United States. You must live as either ecclesjastically or politically, unless he were a polygamist. other citizens live. You mu t obey the laws of the land. You There were no laws on the statute books then by which they must yield or we will be destroyed." Pressed on all sides, by could be punished, and I am ·sorry to say that in my State­ the Government from without, by their younger men from Idaho-there are now no laws on our statute books by which within, President Woodruff, on the 25th day of September, 1890, they can be punished 'there. That bas been my contention in issued a manifesto to the world that from that tinie on there my State-that we pass laws ; but we can not ; we are power­ would be no more polygamous living, there would be no more le s. dictation by this organization· in political affairs. That entire western country was divided into Territories in Unless one w·ere in that fight in southeastern Idaho and in those days-Montana, Utah, . Idaho, Wyoming, Washington, the Utah in those days, be · can not begin to· comprehend or realize Dakotas. We hatl no Senators or Representatives in Congress the sigh of relfef which went up from our friends ~hen that then. If we bad none now we would put an end to this manifesto was issued. We bad stood for ten years solidly ar­ question, as we did then, because then so flagrant had become rayed one against the other-the Mormons there, the Gentiles the practices of this organization that the 11rayers and en­ here. We scarcely spoke to one another. 'Ve had no busine s treaties which went up from that western country finally or social relations. Life was hardly worth the living, so ·in­ reached your ears here in the East, penetrated your minds, and tense was the conflict. They were contending for what they in March, 1882, Congress passed the Edmunds Act, which pro­ thought to be a religious principle; we were contending for . Yided for the punishment of· those living in unlawful cohabita- the sanctity and purity of the American borne ; and to-day in ~n . Utah and Idaho, in the southeastern part, the Gentiles are pnce · I bad much to do with the enforcement of that act. Under more lmited, making a fight for the anctity and the purity of it hundreds and thousands of Mormons were sent to the peni­ the horne, and once more they will win the fight. tentiary for unlawful cohabitation, hundreds of them in south­ 'Ve took the Mormons by the band and said to them, "Let us eastern Idaho. In no case did a judge ever sentence a convicted forget past animosities ; let us bury differences, and together Mormon until he asked him the question, " Will you, in the we will live as American citizens and here build up a young future, agree to obey the laws of your country?" If the con­ Commonwealth to be the pride of our sister States." Every victed one said, " I will," the judge allowed him to go free on party hastened to remove the restrictions against the l\Iormon . his own parole. But in no instance did one of these convicted I myself was the first. I think I can say-and I think my col­ Mormons agree that in the future he would obey the laws of his league will not charge me with egotism when I say-that at country. The Mormons are very technical, and perhaps their that time I was the undisputed leader of the Republican party defenders will be as technical; so I · will qualify that statement of my State. I was its representative in this hamber. I sent by saying Bishop Sharp, in Utah, did agree to obey the laws of a letter to the chairman of our State committee on this subject, the country, and he was removed from office and pursued by dated July 24, 1892, which I wish to read. I had just been the church in consequence thereof, so that no other Mormon at­ elected to a six-year term in the Senate: tempted it. UNITED S'l'.ATES SENATE, -The political domination of the Mormon leaders over their Washi11gton, D. C., July 24, 1892. followers was as absolute then as it is now. There was a little Hon. EooAn WILSON, Ollainnan Republican, State Central Committee, difference in methods. They were more open and brutal then. Boise City, Idaho. Now they are more covert. Now they employ men by making SIR: Your telegram inviting me to meet the Republican editors of them governors and Senators and Representatives to say there the State on August 1 to consult with them regarding plans and meas­ ures and policies which will best tend to maintain the supremacy of is no such thing. Then they made no pretense of conceal­ Republican principles is at hand. ment. '.rhere is a local question still with us and with which our party Conditions had becom~ such in Idaho that there was organized has contended unitedly and aggressively for many yea1·s. I refet· to the an anti-Mormon party in the southeastern belt of Idaho which Mormons. I would like to be with you all to exchange views fairly and freely in regard to it. There is a law on our statute.. books which embraced e-very non-Mormon. In a fierce campaign, because in disfranchises them. So long as it remains there it is the duty of every that great county the Mormons and Gentiles were about equally good citizen to see that it is obeyed. The Mormons themselves will · be quick to recognize the absolute necessity for this if, as they claim, divided, the anti-1\Iormons won. They sent six members to the they are now law-abiding citizens in every sense of the word. Territorial legislature of Idaho out of thirty-six. The senti­ Bad laws should be repealed. Laws which have been enacted to cure ment of the Territory bad been aroused. The good people from certain .evils and which are harsh in their provisions, and in their the other sections stood with the anti-1\Iormons of the southeast, workings make hardships for individuals, should likewise be promptly repealed when they have served their purpose and have cured the evils and they passed through the Idaho legislature a test oath, so­ which they are enacted to correct. The Republican party has always called, lUlder the provisions of which no Mormon voted or held been the party of liberty and progress, and it is its boast that it guar­ antees a free ballot and a fair count to every citizen, however humble. office in Idaho for ten years. The course of our party on the 1\formon question in Idaho in the past Neither the Edmunds Act nor our action in Idaho seemed to is one of which we may all feel justly pt·oud. We made it a question make any impres ion on the Mormon people. They were just of party fealty that its members should demand that the :Mormons the same. They were just as defiant. So in 1887 Congre s should give up polygamy and that the leaders of the l\Iormon Chmch should not exercise political control over their followers. Our party pa ed the Edmunds-Tucker Act, which provided additional demanded that there should be no union of church and state, and that penalties against these people and, amongst other things, took the individual members of the Mormon Church should be allowed to away from them their vast church belongings. 'l'hink of it, exercise, untrammeled, perfect freedom of action in all political affairs. The people of the State sustained our party in this position. The Mor­ my brother Senators. From the .beginning to this day and now mons have acknowledged that we were right by openly and repeatedly and forever wherever there are Mormons living with Gentiles proclaiming that they have abandoned polygamy and that their leaders there is this perpetual conflict ; and in the past Congress took no longer attempt nor will th·ey attempt to use their positions to in:flu· ence the judgment of their followers in political matters. If this is so, away from it its church belongings, its church property. Would if polygamy has been given up for all time, if members of the Mormon · the .American citizenship there during all these years do all Church are taking sides with the different parties according to their those things to persecute any religious sect on account of its individual judgment and as their conscience dictates, the Republican party should be the first to extend to them the right hand of fellowship religion? Would your fellow American citizens there be making and to use its best endeavors to make them feel welcome as full citizens this fight now on account of any body's religion? Does it not in every sense of the word. Our party, as a party, can not alford and 1906 .. .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN'ATE. 337

will not prosecute any class of men for past mistakes nor through In the legislatui'e following the election in Idaho of 1902-3 prejudice. . . this same polygamous apostle, John Henry Smith, of Utah, l'Iease extend to each one present individually my best. wishes, ·and accept my sincere regrets that 1 can not be with you. app~ared at. Boise City to ·pass a resolution through the Idaho · Yours, .veJiY truly, legislature for a new constitutional convention to take the test FRED T. DUBOIS. oath out of the Idaho constitution. He testified about it before 'l'be church not only issued the manifesto, but a plea for am· ti1is committee, and . so did Gentiles. He went to the leading nesty was sent to President Harrison, signed by the a:uthorities Republicans there. He went to Governor Morrison, the Re­ of the church, in which plea they :set forth that from that time publican governor. John Henry Smith himself testifies that on there would be no more polygamous living nor would they Morrison tried to dissuade him. I do not know that it bad

M9rmon communities in southeastern Idaho you can not any It was rather sh·ange that it was necessary to put a plank of more than you can in Utah proceed against these offenders; that sort in a political platform. Idaho is the only. State in the and not so well in Idaho, because we have not the laws. In Union wh1-::h does not have such a law. It is one of the most numerous instances I see their political power here as well as favored States. Our climate is such that if vital statistics were in Idaho. They have become an object of solicitude now. They ·published, the ·State would become famous as a health resort. are a political factor because they conti·ol Senators and electoral Yet we can not pass a law to control contagious or infectious votes and Members of Congress. They are to be reckoned with, diseases or to collect vital statistics, because, of necessity, it not as a criminal organization, but as a political factor. carries with it a provision for a registration of births, and the I will refer to an old soldier. I will not call attention to _a Mormons in the legislature and the Republican leaders will not number of things that I could, but will confine myself mostly to let us pass such a law. The Mormons say so openly. They do the political aspect of it. There was an old soldier, a major in not disguise it. They say, "You can not pass that law, because the Union Army, who was holding the postmastership in the you could then locate the polygamists, and our ·people would town of Montpelier, in Bear Lake County. It is a l\!ormon not submit to it." - county, sh·ongly so, but Montpelier itself is a divided town. · A Democratic State senator from south Idaho, in the legisla­ From what I gather and from my knowledge I should think ture before the last; spent almost the entire session:_and he i.s. a that considerably more than one-half of the business of the post­ doctor-trying to get such a bill through, but he failed. The office at Montpelier is done by Gentiles. This l\fajor Under­ medical association of the State has been urging it for years. wood was a Gentile. His place was filled by the appointment of A Republican doctor and State senator from north Idaho spent a Mormon bishop, and the Gentiles of Montpelier protested to the last session in ·trying to have a similar bill pas.secl, and he me, and I went to the Departments about it. 'l'he Gentiles failed for the same reason. We adopted our plank of 1904 in thought that they ought to have that office. I called the at­ our· last State platform demanding the extermination of po­ tention of the President and the Postmaster-General to the facts lygamy and unlawful cohabitation within the State of Idaho, as in the case, but without avail. I can not better tell the story follows: than by reading my letters to both the PTesident and the Post­ EXTERMINATION OF POLYG~:UY AND UNLAWFUL COHABITATION. master-General. The letter to the President is as follows : We demand the extermination of polygamy and unlawful cohabita­ tion within tbe State of Idaho and the complete separation of chm·ch w ASHIXGTO"', D. c., Apt•U 22, 1906. and state in political affairs. We pledge the people of Idaho tbat, in To the PRESIDENT : tbe event of Democratic success at the polls in November, we will make I hand you herewith some papers In regard to the appointment of the effective by legislative enactment the wise and patriotic declarations in :Mormon postmaster at Montpelier, Idaho. I have no recommendation our State constitution, contained in section 3, -Article VI, wbich reads to make as to the appointee. There are a number of qualified Gentiles as follows : . · in Montpelier, any one of whom would be glad to be postmaster. · "No person is permitted to vote, serve as a juror, or bold any civil I am sure that It would be much more in the line of good govern­ office who is under guardianship, idiotic, or insane ; or who has. at ment if Congre sman FRENCH would select a postmaster from among the any place, been convicted of treason, felony, embezzlement of the public Gentiles. I think a mistake was made in displacing the present post­ funds, bartering or selling, or offering to barter or sell, bis vote, or pur­ master. chasing or offe1·ing to purchase the vote of anothe1·, or othe1· infamous Unless a Gentile is appointed postmaster at Montpelier the very crime, and wbo bas not been restored to the rights of citizenship, Ql" large Gentile population of this county will not have a representative "wbo, at tbe time of such election, is confin"ed in prison on conviction in any office, county or Federal. It does seem to me. that no church, of a criminal offense; or wbo is a bigamist or polygamist, or wbo is liv­ or alleged church, is so superior in its membership that every office in ing in what is known as patriarchal, plural, or celestial marriage, or in the county should be in the possession and under the control of this violation of any law of this State o1· of the United States forbidding organization. I have an agreement with my colleague, Senatot· HEY­ any such crime, or who in any mannt>r teaches, advises, counsels, aids, BUR"', that the Senate will pass upon the confirmation o! l\Ir. Winters, or encourages any person to enter into bigamy, polygamy, or such the Mormon bishop, Thursday, the 28th. I will acquiesce in your deci­ patriarchal, plural, or celestial marriage, or to live in violation of any ·sion. If you think the Gentiles, under the circurustances, are entitled such law, or to commit any such crime; or who is a . member of or to this position, and will ask Mr. FRENCH to recommend a Gentile and contl"ibutes to the support, aid, o1· encouragement of any order, or­ will get him to consent to the withdrawal of M1·. Winters for that pur­ ganization, association, corporation, or society. which teaches, advises, pose, you will gratify those in Montpelier who are not l\Iormons, as well cotmsels, encourages, or aids any pe1·son to enter into bigamy, polygamy, as myself. If you think, under the circumstances, that Mr. Winters or such patriarchal or plural marriage, or which teaches or advises should be confirmed and will so intimate to me, I will raise no objection. that the laws of this State prescribing rules of civil conduct are not I ask that you kindly give me your answer before Thursday of this tbe supreme law of the State ; nor shall Chinese, or persons of Mon­ week. golian descent, not born fn the United States, nor Indians not tuxed, Respectfully, FRED T. DUBOIS. who have not severed their tribal relations and adopted the habits of I received no answer to that communication. I wrote the civilization, either vote, serve as jurors, or ho1d any civil office." following letter to Postmaster-General Cortelyou : That is the test oath. The plat~orm further decl~red: We favor further legislation in harmony with the unanimous recom­ WASHINGTON, D. C., AprU 80, 1906. mendation of our supreme court to the . last session of the legislature, Hon. GEORGE B. CORTELYOU, providing for a change of venue on the application of the State upon Postnwster-General, Washington, D. C. a proper showing on behalf of the prosecution that justice demands MY DEAR MR. CORTELYOU : I hand you herewith another petition !or sucb change. the appointment of Marcus F. Whitman as postmaster at Montpelier, Idaho. I will say in passing that the Supreme Court of the Uni~ed I desire to call ·attention to tbis fact, that all the county offices in States unanimously affirmed the constitutionality of that act, Bear Lake County, where Montpelier is situated, are beld by Mormons, and complimented the people of Idaho for having pa sed it. and every Federal office, excepting tbe post-office at Montpelier, is held by Mormons. The Congress of the United States, the Senate, after great de­ Montpelier is a Gentile town, a considerable majority of tbe people liberation, admitted Idaho to statehood with that provision in our constitution, knowing full well what it meant. The next belinfn~~~!Ue;·itb the lette~·s filed with you a little typewritten· statement showing the vote of tbe county for President and governor and lieuten­ clause of our State constitution, following immediately after ant-governor at tbe last election. from which it will be seen tbat the that, says: Republic~n vote was betwe~n 1,500 and 1,600 and the Democratic vote SECTION IV, .ARTICLE VI. The .legislature may prescribe qualifica­ between 30G and 400. tions, limitations, and conditions for tbe . right of suffrage additional At the same election there was a Gentile candidate for superintendent to those prescribed in tbis article, but sball never _annul any of the pro­ of schools and for treasurer on tbe Republican county ticket, yet both visions in this article contained. of them were beaten by Mormons who were running for the same offices on the County Democratic ticket. That is the constitution of the State of Idaho. The situation there means the disfranchisement of every American Immediately after that was passed-and it was passed unani­ citizen by tbis political organization which calls itself a church. Tbe domination of this so-called "church" in political affairs and mously--delegates had come there from e,-ery portion of the the complete union of church and state is perfectly exemplified in this State, and the Democratic party of Idaho was in a more hope­ county of Bear Lake, Id~ho. nder existing circumstances · the Amer­ less minority than it is in Vermont. Two years before that its ican citizeos there are helpless so far as county affairs are concerned, but I do think tbey are entitled to the support of the National Govern­ candidates bad not received nearly one--balf of the votes of the ment in tbe unequal fight in which they are engaged in trying to main­ State. The party had driven from their support all the Mor­ tain American citizenship. mons; yet they were there in their seats in that conventjon in Respectfully, FRED T. DUBOTS. Coeur d'Alene, in the extreme north of the State. The Demo­ I received no answer to that communication. cratic party put that plank in their platform which said from :Now, I will read you the Democratic platform adopted prior this time on no Democratic politician shall trade or barter away to the last election; and when I am describing conditions in the principles and rights of the people of this State for a :Mor­ Idaho, I am describing conditions wherever Mormons are found, mon vote. They had no hope or expectation of winning. Every and these are so familiar to me that no one can dispute any Democratic county convention i~ the Mormon counties repudi- . statement which I make. '.rbere was this plank in our plat­ ated that platform and the Democratic party after it was passed. fo~·m during the last election, viz : In Fremont County the Mormons nominated on the Republican STATE BOARD OF HEALTH LAW. ticket six members of the legislature, all of wllom were Mormon bishops. The other Mormons nominated wllat they called a We pledge the party to enact a State board of health law for the con­ trol of contagious and infectious diseases, and for tbe collection of vital citizens' ticket. They also put up for the legislature six Mor­ statistics. mon bishops. The American citizenship party there nominated ,.

340 ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 13;

·a ticket, but it was, of course, hopel~ssly beaten. In my county I will place you in power!' It can 'say to any lndi'v1dual 1n -either .of Binghan:l the .Mormons nominated a Democratic ticket, so party : "If you agree to support measures fav01·able to us, we will make you .Senator, governor, or put you in whatever office you may called, but they repudiated that platform, denounced 'the Demo- . aspire to." Is not this great power inimical to the best interests M cratic State ticket, and put up candidates for . the legislature . the :State? WiU it not build up in our polities th-e system of " boss­ pledged to '"ote, at any rate, against the nominees of the Demo- . ism;' to trample upon the aspirations of om· people '1 Was not this great power .of the Mormon.,hi~rarcby lately exerted at Pocatello, when cratk State convention. In my county fhe Americans nominated in .a convention in which three polygamists sat two men were permitted a ticket; and I am pr-oud to state that it received a great many to prepare a 'slate" and parcel out the offices of this .State without more '"otes than the so-called DemDcratic ticket. rega.rd to the ('.boice of the people, but always with the :approval of the Mormon· leaders 1 'l'he motto of . that convention seems to have been : In Oneida County they nominated -four bishops on . each "l.f we can .please the hierarchy, the people. can be disregarded." ticket-three or four, I have forgotten the exact number-and in Bear L_ake County they did the same, repudiating utterly the APOSTLES CO?.IE TO ID.A.HO. ~ave we not seen in Boise the polygamous apostle, John Henry Democratic party on account of tba."t platform. Sm1th, of the Mo1·mon Church, end.euvoring to coerce a legislature and I will ask that- the address of the chairman of the Democratic to change the clear provisions of the constitution of Idaho against committee of the State of Idaho, Ur. Lockhart, be inserted in polygamy, which he said was oo objectionable to his people, and has not this been testified to by the leading Republicans of Idaho '1 the RECORD. I will not read it. ·The address is confined entirely Have we not seen the polygamous apostle Matthias Cowley masquer­ to the :Mormon question. · ading as a book agent and visiting h-omes in Oneida County with the The address ~·eferred to is as follows : statement that inasmuch as he was the pi.ritual adviser of the people they must listen to him in political a.fl'airs? Have not the people of CHAIRMAN LOCKHA:RT'S .ADDnESS ON 'THE POLITICAL SITUATION. · ·this State seen Apostle Penrose. likewise a polygamist, leaving his -office in Salt Lake City and coming at the request of political leaders To the people of Idaho: in Fremont County, · Idaho, and changing its :political complexion in a . In view ot the great consequences which. will arise from the cam· night '1 Is there, in this demand that the Mormon hierarchy £hould paign of 1906, and which may_ refteet for good or evil the destinies of refrain from interfering 1n the political affait·s in Idaho, any partisan the people of Idaho for a long time to come, I have deemed it prope.r polities? If so, then th-e .evidence of leading men both in the Demo· that a statement should be given to the people of this State relative cratic .and Republican parties must be disregal·ded. to the course to be pursued by the Democratic State Committee, of which I have the honor to be the chairman. LAST LEGISLATURE. · Who can view the last session of the Idaho leg" islature without the DEMOCRATIC :STATE CONVENTION. blush of shame mantlino- his cheek? Did not Representative Ainey, a A convention of the· Democratic party lately held in Coeur d'Alene Republican, of Canyon County, stand up in the house of rept·esentatives City has declar{)d in unmistakable words that polygamy and unlaw­ and declare that he had been approa ched by members of the ecclesias­ ful coha!Jitati0n must cease, and that the interference in the political tical organization and told that if be -voted for certain measures his affab·s of this State by the Mormon hierarchy must stop; and' it pledged usefulness as a legislator was ended? I:Ia.ve the men of Idaho become itself, if given the power by the people at the polls, to carry into so 'docile in their subjection to Joseph F. Smith, of Salt Lake, that such effect by statutes punishiiJg such offenses, that clause of the State a statement .can be made by one of their representatives and they not constitution which has heretofore been at once the buhv'ark of moral­ resent it? Was it partisan politics when, acting under their constitu­ ity and decency in the hom~ of this State and the weapon of defense tional duty, the judges of the supreme coul1: of this State wisely. sug­ against the political domination of an unscrupulous and selfish alien gested to the legislature of this State that a change of venue bill be oligarchy which seeks to confuse. the religious sentiments of its people ·passed in the interest of justice? And y et was this Democratic politics by directing them in theif political actions. · when this measure advocated by the supreme court (composed of two Repnblicans and one Democrat) and introduced by .so prominent a Re­ NO PARTISANSITIP DICTATED COURSE. publican as Judge Richards, of '.Ada County, in the house, the Mormon No partisanship has dictated the course of the · Democratic pa.rty in speaker left the chair and, descending to the ftoor of the house, charac­ preseating this issue, for at all times, disregarding the possibilities of terized the bill as the weapon of chru·act.er assas ins and with passion derivin g advantage by truckling to the Mormon hierarchy, the Demo­ declared it an insult aimed at the MoJ.·mon people. Why 2 When this cratic party has sought to occupy the high ground of citizenship which chan~e of .-enne bill was being discussed in the senate Senator 1\IcBetb, looks solely to the welfare of the State and the· presecvation of those in advocating its enactment, stated that if this bill should be passed it hom.es which are at once the glory and saf~guard of a Tepublic. would be .the death blow to polygamy, and on this statement, notwith­ standing the. recommendation of the upreme court of the State and in • POLYGAMY IN IDAHO. order to continue this abhorrent practiee, the influence of the Mormon We affirm unhesitatingly that polygamy is not only practiced in thi hierarchy in the senate forthwith killed it. State, but is increasing to an alarming extent, and if the people of Idaho will intrust the affairs of government of the State of Idaho to PO\'VER OF CHURCH. the nominees of the Coeur ' d'Alene convention and the legislators from Are the citizens of Idaho., who .are trying to lift Idaho to the high the various counties who indorse the Coeur d'Alene platform, we will place occupied by h er sistet· States in civic authority and public mor­ pass such laws at the next session of the Idaho legislatUTe as will ality, to be .calle d partisan when they ins ist that laws that have pt·ov~n enable us to llrove this assertion; without laws we · are powerleS:s to efficacious in other States in preventing disease and in fostering public act. We affirm that children, the future citizens of this State, are health be adopted in this State! If in agitating against the control of being born 'branded with illegitimacy and deprived of their legal birth­ the affairs of Idaho by the Mormon hierarchy we be called p~rtisan, we t'ight, and reared in an atmosphere which must undermine their moral point to the experience of Doctor Yrance, Republican representative from natmes. 'l'o absolutely stamp out this {!rime, prohibited by the moral Shoshon~ Omnty in the last legislature, as an example of . the power of sense of mankind, and to rescue these little children, so that each the church· to oppose and defeat the best interests of this people. Doc­ may stand equal in tbc eyes of the law, unashamed of its parentage, tor France, at the request of ·the State medical board, introduced a we appeal to the motherhood of this State to stretch out protecting board of health .bill, whid1 in effect provided the machinery for stamp· ~~1a~J~. the children -reared in this vicious practice of unlawful co- ing out epidemics and contagious diseases and provided for the collec­ tion of the vital statistics of the State. Idaho IS the only State of the WOMEN's PRIVILEGE ~"D DUTY. American Union which has not -such a law, and to the .credit of the medical profession of the State, they endeavored to place Idaho in line The women of Idaho have been given at once a great privilege and a with the best medical and scientifi~ information by collating and copy- . great duty, and we urge them so to act in this campaign tbat the ing the best part of each law from the different States on this subject. claims made in their behalf shall be vindicated, viz, whenever a - ques­ Doctor France introduced this bill.; and was thereupon told by the repre­ tion of morality should be presented to the people, the votes of the sentatives of this Salt Lake hierarchy that it' he eliminated the provi· women would be .cast fearlessly for the right. Can you, women of sion regar-ding the registration of births the· bill could be passed, other­ Idaho, . looking into the clear, innocent eyes of. your children, fail to wise it could not. Upon his refusal to truckle to this plainly immoraL help us free the polygamous children of the curse of bastardy? Was demand the bill met the same fate as its predecessors by being defeated it not taught on the shores of Galilee that, "It were better that a at the hands of th~ 1\Iormon influence. Thus to hide the evidence that millstone were hanged a.bout his neck and that he be cast into the they still preach and p ractice polygamy the Salt Lake h~erarchy have sea, rath er than tha.t he should offend one of these little ones." Is exposed th.e people of Idaho to contagious disease and possibly death that not living tl·uth to-day in Idaho? Is not the question whether or by keeping the State from having the necessary machinery to effectually not sou will continue to permit these little ones to be offended put quarantine against disease. · straight to the hearts of the women of Idaho to-day in this campaign ; THE GREAT ISSUE. or whether, joining with us, you will put down forever the pTactice of _polygamy in this Stat e? There have appeared apologists for the old There is but one issue to be presented to the people of the State in polygamists, but who, if not women of this State, shall be heard in view of these incontrovertible facts above stated, viz, whetl:ier or not defense of their young children? the people of Idaho shall enjoy political independence and whether or not they . shall cleanse this State of the crimes now being p1·acticed FRENCH'S TESTIMOl\"'Y. within its borders. I shall not permit. the personalities of the different The State of Idaho stands pilloried befme the United States, ptaced candidates to enter into the discusslon, but shall insist at all times that there by the sworn testimony of Representative French before the REED the .question of the sanctity of the home and political liberty 'is greater SMOOT investigating 'Committee of the United States Senate, where, than the aspirations of any candidate; that the great qu stion to be an­ sitting between two· polygamous apostles of the Mormon Church, he swered and settled at. the polls in 1 ovember is whether vice shall be unblushingly testified that the people of Idaho condoned the cl-ime of effectively suppressed and individual political liberty be preserved to polygamy and unlawful cohabitation in the cases of old polygamists. each citizen· of Idaho. We must make sure that the State lives before Do you, women of Idaho. condone the birth of children of old polyg­ we discuss tht! question of politics. · amists, tainted from thei.r infancy with this system of crime? (Last July a forty-third child was born to the third polygamous wife of APPEAL TO PATRIOTIC CITIZE:-IS. Jo eph F. Smith, president of the Mormon Church.) Are we to allow I am not appealing to the pru·tisan sentiments of the Democratic this statement to stand l' egar~ing Idaho, or will the earnest men and party, but, rather, I am addressing in this campaign all the citizens of women of this State repudiate it? Idaho regardless of party ; to De=rats and Republicans alike, because their· interests are being jnjured in the most vital places; to th~ women CHURCH INTE:RFERENCE. of Idaho, regardless of party affiliations, because crime is practiced in No less momentous in its effects upon the future of Idaho is the this State which particularly affects them. We have before us the ever- · · interference in political affairs of the Mormon hierarchy. As is well continuing struggle of .a democracy-the preservation of a liberty dear·ly known, the Mormon vot ers hold the balance of power between the two bought and heroically maintained. It :is a fight for first principles-and great parties-the Republican and Demo.er.a.tie-and these Mormon all that is most dear to men. · voters a.re absolutely controlled by the hierarchy. · It is possible for Before any other question can be answered the people of this State the authorities of the Mormon Church, sitting in Salt Lake City, to must, by their solemn votes, affirm that liberty is dearer to them than say to either party in Idaho : " If you will agree to our demands, we their party affiliations and that the purity of the home must be pre· CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 341

served and that the children .born in this great Commonwealth shall pay Saints. This is especially emphasized in his closing sentence, tace the world without a stain upon their birth_ For the accomplish­ which is as follows : · ment of these great ends I appeal to the whole people of Idaho to unite "Any attempt to challenge voters on account of their being members with the Democratic party so that the pledges of its platform may be of churches or organizations, or associations, or on account of their enacted into the laws of the land. religious or other beliefs is illegal and is an intimidation of voters, and H. W. LocKHABT, 011airman. it is your sworn duty to see that this is not done." ID.\HO, August SO, 1906. Senator HEYBURN, in an address delivered at Columbia Theater, BOISE~ B(}ise, on Friday evening, September 14r 1906, said, after reading the Mr. DUBOIS. I will read the-letter of the chairman to those Idaho test oath : whom he invited to speak for the Democratic party during the " That is the constitution ; that is higher law than any statute. The legislature, without regard to party liP.es, repealed the Rtatute on campaign. It is as follows : that subject. They needed no statute; the constitution is sufficient LOCKHA.RT'S LETTER TO SPEAKERS." to prevent them from voting. It they come within this provision they CHAIRliA~ are disfranchised now." MY DEAR Sm : The campaign in this State is going to be a very The Democratic State central committee has undertaken to and interesting one. The greatest qu.estlon to be submitted t(} the voters will call to account at the polls, by way of challenging, all the Mor­ of Idaho is whether or not the Mormon hierarchy is going to domi­ mons which it is possible to reach by challenge, that they may be made nate in the political affairs or whether the people of this State are to comply with the spirit and letter of our constitution, which is. the aoing to settle the question this time by makin~ it plain that ·the good fundamental law of the State of Idaho, and with that part in par­ people o"f Idaho will never su~mit to cliu~:cb dtctation of p~litics and ticular found in section 3 of Article VI. This announcement was the practices of those vices which are agamst the moral sentiment and made a week ago, since which time Governor Gooding and the Re­ the law of the land. · publicans generally who belong to his machine have threatened our We are very anxious to enlist in this campaign the services of those challengers with arrest. They put this on the flimsy ground that it who believe in advocating stron~ly a straightforward fight along the is the desire of our organization to delay this election. lines of noninterference in politics by the Mormon church and the Our challengers are hereby instruCted to preserve order and to act eradication of the practice of polygapty and unlawful cobabi.tatio:r;t. with all possible dispatch. The appeal by the governor and this notice We desire very much to have the services of such as speakers m. this of Chairman Brady to the election judges of the State are exciting campaign, and I cordially extend to you, on behalf ?f the committee, trouble. The notice of Chairman Brady to the judges of election is an invitation to speak at such plac(ls and at such times as the com­ issued for the purpose of avoiding the issue. mittee can avail themselves of your services, and we would appreciate The American people must rally to us and h~lp us in the defense ot it very much if you would kindly respond to this letter at your very the people exercising the legal rights of the citizens, and our challengers earliest convenience. should be supported in doin~ their duty. The Democratic State centr!ll Thanking you for your prompt response, I remain, committee will stand behind everybody while performing his duty botb Yours, truly, before and after election. , w. H. LocKHART, The claim of Chairman Brady that none but judges of election can Ohairman Democratic State Contmittee. challenge voters is erroneous and unwarranted by law. The law re­ BOISN, IDAHO, September 1, 1906. lating to challengers (see Session Laws of 1899, pp. 52 and 53 and sees. 77 to 86,. inclusive) provides that any elector may challenge anyone ·. The whole campaign from beginning to end was made on -the who offers to vote. and should do so if he believes the person is not a Mormon question. We put in our platform a plank lamenting qualified voter. There is no law forbidding an elector challenging any­ one who offers to vote. The wording of section 5, above referr.ed to, the death of ex-Governor Steunenberg· and calling for justice to says: be meted out to his murderers. The Republican State platform " It shall be the duty of any judge of election to challenge any person was entirely silent on that question. Not a· speaker, not even offering to vote whom be believes not to be qualified as an elector." This. enjoins upon the judges of election the especial duty of chal­ the governor himself, at the State convention said one word lenging, but does not arrogate to them the sole right to challenge. It about this subject. Our recent candidate for governor is and has been the custom in this State for any elector to challenge when he was the chief justice of Ida·ho. As chief justice he handed believes the person offe.ring to vote is not entitled to vote. 'l'he constitution, the highest law in this State, disquali.fi.es a mem­ down the decision in the 1\foyer-Hay.wood cases, denying the ber of any order from voting who encourages,_ advises, teaches, coun­ writ of habeas corpus, which decision has been affirmed by the sels, or aids polygamy, plural or celestial marriage; or teaches that Supreme Court of the United States. .There was no law or order any rule of action or law is greater than the laws of this State in matters of civil conduct. The membership of an organization which issue in Idaho of that kind. does these things prohibits anyone from holding any civil office or Senator HEYBURN, my colleague, made a speech in Boise City from voting. The election laws prescribe what questions shall be on Friday evening, September 14. 1006, which, I presume, you asked the person offering to vote who is challenged upon certain might call a keynote speech. I addressed the people of Boise ground, viz : First. Upon the ground that he is not a citizen. Second. That l:Y~ bas not resided in the precinct, county, or State a sufficient from the same platform in tbe same theater on the Tuesday length of time to vote. In no other case does it prescrfbe wbat ques­ preceding. 1\fy colleague was kind enough to attend my meet­ tions shall be asked. To bold that one can not challenge a polygamist or anyone who teaches, advises, or counsels members in the organiza­ ing, but I was not in Boise when he spoke. I presume my tion that does believe in polygamy, or who places the ecclesiastical speech was a keynote speech, and his was in answer and a key­ above the civil law, is erroneous and contrary to sections 2 and 3 note speech for his party. Among other things, my colleague in of Article VI of the constitution. Such claim is absurd, and tile threat to arrest a person who challeng£>s others ol'l'ering to vote is a measure ridiculed me for putting in our platform the provi­ not sound in law nor fair to our constitution, upon which rests the sion regarding the enforcement of our State constitution. In entire superstructure of our young Commonwealth. The right to that carefully prepared speech at Boise, after reciting in full challene-e is the privilege accorded by the law above mentioned. and is not an offense. - It may be exercised. it should be exercised, to the the test oath which I have just read to you, my colleague said: end that anyone not a qualified elector should be prevented from That Is the constitution ; that is higher law than any statute. The voting. The election law in Idaho (Session Laws 1899, p. 34, sec. 5) legislature, without regard to party lines, repealed the statute on especially provides that- ' that subject. They needed no statute; the constitution is sufficient " Electors are privileged from arrest except foi" treason, felony, or to prevent them from voting. If they come within this provision, breach of the peace during their attendance on election." they are disfranchised now. Our advice to challengers in Idaho is that you challenge any person who offers to vote in your precinct when yon believe such person is not I think that is good doctrine, whether or not it is sound law, entitled to .vote under the provision of. our constitution, as well as cf especially when our State co:ostitution says further that the statute. but in doing so we advise you to act in a peaceable, dignified, and determined manner, without disturbing the peace ; that you state legislature shall not take out any of those limitations in our the grounds of challenge ,and ask that the person be sworn and ques­ constitution. tioned in regard to his constitutional right to vote. At the end of the campaign we instructed our men to chal­ I hope that the higher· citizenship may guide all challengers in the performance of this very important function. The good citizens of this lenge the Mormons at the polls ; to present to them that con­ State should rally to the support of those who are aiding . to insist stitutional provi ion, and ask that they . conform to the con­ upon the adherence to this provision of our State constitution, which stitutional requirement before they voted. I wm ask the Sec­ was placed there by the leading citizens of Idaho, regar·dless of party affiliations, and which affords such a splendid safeguard to our people, retary to read what our chairman says in regard to challenging if enforced. yoters. I remain, with great respect, The VICE-PRESIDE~T. Without objection, the Secretary H. W. LOCKHART, will read as reque ted. Chairman Democt·atic State OentraZ Oommittee. The Secretru·y read as follows: BOISE, IDAHO, "Novem,ber 1, 1906. Mr. DUBOIS. Mr. President, the chairman of the Repub­ REG.A..RIH~G CHALLE~GKS . lican State committee also issued an address to the yoters and To the people of Idaho: - election judges, in which he advised them in regard to their duty~ At the beginning of the present campaign I addressed you in an open He said; letter in which . I insisted, in obedience to the mandate of the Demo­ ELECTION JUDGES TAKE NOTICE ! ~ratic State convention, which was held at Coeur d'Alene city on Au­ gust 6, the Mormon question was the paramount issue in Idaho politics An organized attempt bas been threatened to prevent thousands of and that the Republican party, as a result of their State convention held citizens who are duly qualified and registered voters from casting their at Poc.o

It is your sworn duty to keep all persons out of the room where the as they had the right to do under the statutes of Idaho. They election is being conducted, except persons who are authorized to vote and the proper election officers. You are empowered to remove all were arrested by the Mormons and thrown into jail and de­ other persons, and it is your duty to do so, and especially such persons prived of their right to vote. Will Mulkins and Robert Hop­ as interfere in any manner with the voters. kins, as reputable ·citizens as there are anywhere, were thrown If you should allow any person to be present for the purpose of challenging, it is your duty to see that it is done in good faith and that into jail at Sugar City. The vote there stood, Gooding · 422, such challenge must not result in intimidation or interfering with Stockslager 27. They were thrown into jail for intimidating voters or delaying the voters from casting their ballots. 422 votes against 27 ! No one except the jud~es should be permitted in any manner to inter­ rogate a voter aftet· he Is challenged. The cilallenger can not ask him Down in Bannock County, at McCammon, H. 0. Harkness, one any questions. It is your duty, if you believe the challenge is made in of the most. reputable citizens of Idaho, who has been a "leading good faith and upon any of the grounds mentioned in the election laws furnished you, to state the qualifications of an ·elector to the person characte:.: there for thirty years, a lifelong Republica:d, was ar­ challenged, and if the person challenged declares himself qualified and rested for challenging l\Iormon voters. He was there and helped the challenge is not withdrawn, then you should administer .to him the to make the State. He was one -of the pioneers. He is one of elector's oath as provided in the election laws, and you are pt·ohibited from administering any other oath, and he is not compelled to take any the leading ·characters of the State. He was arrested. by a other oath in order to be allowed to vote. l\Iormon constable and taken 25 miles to Pocatello. Then the chairman of the Republican State committee says : Our challenger was arrested at Oxford, also in Bannock County. One hundred and ·five men were challenged there, and ·The elector's oath prescribed by the statute, and which is the only oath that you can administer, is found on page 17 of the election laws, the judges refused to administer the constitutional oath. Gray, and is as follows : the Mormon county attorney of the county of Bannock, tele· ELECTORJS O.!.TH, phoned to arre t the challenger and throw him in the ditch, · "I do swear (or affirm) that I am a citizen of the United Sfates, of and they arrested him. At no place would. the l\Iormons take the age of 21 years, or will be the --- day of ·---, A. ·D. 1900- the · constitutional oath. They refused. At Rose precinct, in (naming the date of next succeeding election) ; that I have (or will have) actually resided in this State for six months and in this county my county and near my town, ·a l\Iormon named Johnson whose for thirty days next preeeding the next ensuing election ; that I have brotber has just been elected to the legislature from n'ingham never been convicted of treason, felony, embe7.zlement of public funds, County (he is a Mormon bishop), threatened to arrest the bartel"ing or selling or offering to barter or sell my vote, or purchasing or offering to purchase the vote of another, or other infamous crime, judges of election at Rose, two of whom were Gentiles, and pre­ without thereafter being restored to the rights of citizenship; that I vented them as judges from challenging the voters. It was that will not commit any act in violation of the provisions in this oath con­ way all through this southeastern country. There were fights tained ; that I am not now registered or entitled to vote at any other place in this State ; that I do regard the Constitution of the United in some precincts-that is, the great masses of the Mormons States and the laws thereof, and the constitution of this State and the would throw out the Gentiles; and in no case did the Mormons laws thereof, as interpreted by the courts as the supreme law of the take the constitutional requirement. land; . (when made before a judge of election as: 'and I have not previously voted at this election ') so help me God. The 1\formons elected twenty-seven members of the Jeo-islature " Subscribed and sworn to before me this --- day of --- A. D. in Idaho out of a total of seventy-two .. They absolutel; elected "190-. Register of---- precinct,--- county, Idaho." by force of numbers .in those counties twenty-one members. I will say in regard to the elector's oath that it does not Their votes elected six more. Out-of these twenty-one whom prescribe one of the qualifications which are in our constitu­ they absolut~Iy control they elected sixteen Mormon bishops. tion. Every one of them which affects a Mormon is carefully They allowed tlle Gentiles to paYe, I think, three members of eliminated by the legislature from the elector's oath. The the legislature in southeastern Idaho, but they were careful that chairman of the Republican State committee says: they were as subservie~t to the church as a Mormon bishop The elector's oath prescribed by the statute • • • is the only would be. oath that you can administer. The result of the election-and the whole B.ght was, as I say, And then the chairman of the Republican State committee made on the l\Iormon question, from one end of the State to the says: other, and from tile beginning to the end-was that Governor The grounds of the challenge must be stated by the challenger, and Gooding carried the six Mormon counties in south Idaho out of a challenge can not be made except for the following reasons, to wit: the · sixteen, and none other. He lost the ten •Gentile counties, That the person has been convicted. of a felony ; although all but three of them are strongly Republican. He car­ Or that the person· bas not resided in the State six months ; Or that the person has not resided in the precinct thirty days; ried, two years ago, Canyon County, where Gdvernor Steunen­ Or that the person is not a citizen of the United States or is not berg lived and died and is revered.. It is ·a purely agricultural 21 years of age ; county, and Governor Gooding- carried it two years ago by 1,200. 1.'hat the person is registered and entitled to vote in some other place GOO. in the State; · This time he lost it by That the person has previously voted at this election. Ada County, in which Boise City is situated, which is nor­ If the challenge Is made on the ground that a person has been con­ mally Republican by 2,500, and which GoYernor Gooding car­ victed of a felony, he shall not be questioned· by anyone, not e>en the ried two years ago by 3,000, he lost by over 500 this time. It judges, but the laws you are furnished with provide the proof to be produced in order to prevent him from voting. is a purely agricultural county. He lost the Republican. coun­ If the challenge is made on any or the other four grounds mentioned, ties-every one of them-in south Idaho. He carried three the law provides what questions shall be asked by the judges, and when counties out of five in the north by a slight majority. So in this is done your :full duty and authority is performed. When a voter is registered the law makes the registration prima facie the State outside of the l\Iormon counties he carried three evidence of his right to vote, and he should be allowed to cast his bal­ counties only. lot tmless it is shown to you that he is disqualified under the law, and you are furnished with the law pertaining to your duties and what Judge Stockslager came to the l\Iormon belt with a majority the qualifications of the legal voter are. . of between two and three thousand, which these six Mormon Any attempt to challenge voters on account of their being members of counties wiped out, and planted to the credit of Governor Good­ churches or organizations or nssociations, or on account of their reli­ ing 8,800 majority. The people of Idaho intended to elect last ~ious or other beliefs, is illegal and is an intil:nidation of votet·s, and it 1s your sworn duty to see that this is not done. time a Democratic governor and a Democratic legislature, and J'AMES H. BRADY, they would haye elected a Democratic legislature, but that the Ohainna1~ Republican State Committee. Socialist vote defeated it. The Democrats were beaten in the BOISE, IDAHO, Octobel· 13, 1906. county of my colleague, Shoshone County, by 200 as respects In these instructions to judges and Mormons every one of the their legislative ticket. The Socialist vote . was 700 in the disqualifications in our constitution is left out. . county. The Socialist vote added to the Democratic vote would Governor Gooding, in a speech at Rexburg just before the have made a Democratic legislature. election-1 will say that the yote at Rexburg on election day The Democratic party was not making a campaign for the was 644 for Gooding and 66 for Stockslager, 644 to 66-Gov­ Socialist ticket. The Republicans were encouraging the Social­ ernor Gooding, in this Mormon precinct, said: "Arrest these ists to keep up their organization, and in the midst of it Pre i. challengers if they interfere or intimidate you. I will stand dent Roosevelt sent Secretary Taft to Idaho to speak in behalf by you as governor of the State if you arrest them." And the of law and order and for Governor Gooding, who was advising Weiser World, the known organ of Governor Gooding, had this the l\Iormons to mob American citizens who were attempting to to say on November 2: exercise the right of challenge at the polls. To citi.~ens ·of Idaho: I will submit the official vote of the State, prepared by the Carry a1·ms on election day in sections where it may be necessary to secretary of state, which, if anyone is curious to read it, will defend the rights of citizens, and use such means to protect the ballot ·Show that if the Socialists are against law and order, they were as the occasion may demand. the adjuncts of the Republican party; and I trust that the They followed the advice. We sent our challengers to the President of the United States does not mean that' every mem­ polls, and the Mormons arrested at Rexburg and threw into ber of a labor union is against law and order, because, as I say, jail l\Ir. H. A. BuchllliUl, who was running for sheriff on the these · overwhelmingly . Republican counties went for Judge American ticket, and J. A. Kinney, a druggist from St. Anthony. Stockslager on the l\Iormon question, and they were agricultural They were there to put the constitutional challenge to 1\Iormons, counties, without a mine in them. 1906. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 343

Abstract of votes cast for governor and. members of the Idaho State . BOISE COU:l\'TY. legislature for 1!J04 and. 1906. Senators: . Walter F. Hiatt,. .Republican______1,027 1904. 1906. ~ ohn. 0. Barbon, Democrat______725 Representatives : Frederick S. Logan~ Republican _____ :. ______~----- !155 Augustus F. Walter.s, Democrat______.:______aQ) 789 Po Po Q) p.,8 Q) A ~ CANYON. COUNTY. aQ) ~ .tJ c:.i :>: Po Q) c:.i ~ Senators: bO 0 0 Q) 0 1>0 til) 0 0 H William M. Wayman, Republican______1:1 Q) d""' U1 2,731 County. ;o :9- U1 ;a p., &; 11" .tJ W. W. Snell, Democrat______1,480 Q) ~- ~ '"'- 0 0 Q) 0 ~ 1:1 Alvah .J. Hand, Socialist:.. ______0 d = :>: 0 ~ :::::r H ·~ 304 Q) 0 ·c;; ~ .q ~ C!) .a R. E. Haynes, Independent______1 C!l ·s r:tl C!l .£ .... ~- ::I U1 ~ rn ~ +>+" ~ A Representatives: ~· r:tl ~ d ~ ::I Daniel W. Ainey, Republican ______A ;:Q rx.; ~ · 2,806 ,!<1 .!4 0 ~ a 8 1:1 t: 0 .s 1=1 .n ~ ,Q 'd Gilbert T. II~mill, Republic~n------'------~.860 d 1:1 Q) !::: ti :i 0 ~ d Q) Arthur A. R1.chards, Repubhcan ______2,860 0 ,Q 'd ~ .cl ,Q :::::: 0 ~ D:l E-< ~ 8 ~ 0 E-< rn ~ z ~ 1,424 i------======::======1,·362 fv. 'X: ~~~1~: g::~~~:i~ 1, 390 Ada ...... 4,007 1, 984 271 157 21 2,600 3,116 266 203 ...... :ie~:Y ~~~~~~ ~crra~l~~~===~======R01 Bannock ...... 2,778 1,014 219 2 2 2, 3731 1. 421 128 8 ...... Willie E. Snodgrass, Socialist______: ______301 Bear Lake ....•... 1, 615 349 14 3 2 1, 915 2()9 19 1 •.•• ...... John V. Wheeler, jr., Sodalist ------301 Bingham ...... 3,03:) 1,004 341 25 10 2,9m 1,411 266 33 ...... Blaine ...... 916 1,154 74 10 :l 997 1,056, Ill 18...... C.ASSIA COU~TY • Boise ....•...... 907 794 102 36 15 601 9 1 125 9 ...... Senators: Canyon ...... 2;6n 1,412 302 191 34 2, 1461 2, 750 251 180 1 ...... Geor~e A.. Day, Republican ------933 . Cll sia ...... 1,032 468 55 4 7 1, 478, 1, 164 159 26 ...... Dan T. Albee, Democrat______:. ______. 603 CUster ...... 399 575 25 1 29<1 743 39 4 ...... Representatives : El..ul.ore ...... 452 534 56 lg 4 404 754 .124 7 ...... Louis H. Sweetser~ Republican______...:______1,001 Fremont ...... 3,932 1,111 314 8 8 4,841 1,223 596 22 .... 1 .... Richard K. Lessey, Democrat------­ 513 Idaho ...... 2,195 1, 9'25 242 27 16 1, 750 1,760 188 27 ...... Kootenai...... 3,55[) 1, 776 555 122 12 2,94.7 2,858 686 108 ...... CUSTER COU~TY • Latah ...... 2,616 1,620 205 162 13 2,596 1,268 252 194 .••• ...... Senators: Lemhi ...... 690 6S9 5 10 655 787 15 4 .... ·--- ...... Charles F . Baker, Republican______453 Lincoln ...... 644. 342 ~ 2 .... 691 764 ] 56 5 ...... Ravenel Macbeth, Democrat ------516 Nez Perces ...... 3,099 2,714. 379 155 8 2, 953 2,097 <:30 135 ...... Representatives: Oneida ...... 2,276 830 73 -·· ...... 2,892 385 79 15 ...... 1 George L. Morgan, Republican------506 Owyhee ...... 536 558 77 6 5 356 665 82 3 .... -·-. Joshua D. Woods. Democrat------424 Sho hone ...... 2,987 2,048 413 26 4 1,997 2,162 445 16 ...... ·---...... Washington ...... 1,f>;% 1, SOl 206 36 5 906 1,922 233 19 ...... ELMORE COUNTY. Senators: ----,-. ------,--.------John P. Ctays, Republican______511 Total ...... 41,878124,25214,000 990 179138,386,29,49614,650,1,037 1 1 1 William A. Russell, Democrat______539 Representatives: . · Abstract of votes cast for State senator~ and representatives at the Thomas W. Rickford, Republican______505 general election held Novembe1· 8, 1904 . llober·t D. Gorby, DemocraL------;------559 .ADA 'coUNTY. Senators: FREJMONT CO!J~TY. John W. Walker, Republican ______,______4, 100 Senators: ~ohn W. Hart, Republican-----~------~-- 3,652 Samuel H. Hays, Democrat------~------1,821 Alma C. Hess, Democrat______1, 411 Robert L. Creek, Socialist__:______:____ 285 Representatives : • Chal'les H. Cammans, Socialist --"------·------304 Orren V. Allen, Republican ______4,034 Representatives : . · ll~rvey B. Powers, Republican ______Charles C. Moore, Republican------3, 672 4,077 TI"illiam N. Stephens, Republican ______.: ______3, 496 James H. Richards, Republican ______4,112 Olney D. Bell. Republican ______3, 461 Erwin W. Johnson. Uepublican ______3, 8!>0 2,017 James 0. W~bst~r, Republican.._ __ ~------'------3, 515 Marion S. Parker, DemocraL------~ Geor~e E. Hill. Jl·c, Democrat______1, 447 John B. Wilburn, Democrat______1,813 Theodore E. Laing, Democrat______Joseph L. Larsen, Democrat-"------·----- .1, 590 1,874 A. D. Miller, jr., Democrat______.:_ ____ .:. ______1, 634 William •r: Booth, Democrat______1,915 Robert E. Knapp, Socialist______267 T. B. Ellsworth, Democr·at______: __· ------·- 1, 546 George F. Carter, Socia.lisL~ _____ ..: ______275 H. B. Adams, Socialist ------293 Fletcher F. Lovejoy, Socialist______2G5 L. Roseborough, SocialisL------'--- 292 ~- W. Kooch, Socialist______285 Robert L. Pennell, SocialisL------.------. 270 J. F. Shoemaker, So.ci:Uist------:------1 BA...~NOCK COU~TY. Senators: IDAHO CO !J ~""TY. John J. Hull, Republican ______2,443 Senators: . Thomas H. Grassf ord, Democrat______1,341 Charles H. Nugent, Republicu.n ____ .,. ______.:______2,394 William Liddell, Socialist______195 Martin L. Butler, Democrat_ __ :______1, 714 Representatives: W ~sley Chapman, SocfallsL------...,------48 . Norman Belcher, Republican ______2, 371 Representatlves : John Schutt, Republican ______2,388 Gustavus J. Wright, Republican------­ 2,425 J. Frank Hunt. Republican ______2,327 Willi,.am D. Timm, Reppblican ------2,469 William A. Holzheimer, Democrat______1,487 ~- Loyal Atkinson, Republican.______.:. ___ _ 2,392 Charles W. Fryar, Democrat______1,384 Benjamin D. Knol'l", Democrat_ ___ .:______1,827 Benjamin W. Henderson, Democrat______1,434 George L. Hedges, Democrat------1,GJ7 Frank D. Brown, Socialist______200 Matt Fuchs, Democrat______1,651 J. E . Trimmings, Socialist______205 Henry T. Smith, Socialist ______38 Frank Gibson, Socialist______210 William V. Manring, Socialist______41 BEAR LAKE COU. TY. Henry Lyons, Socialist ------1 Senators: KOOTENAI COUNTY. William L. Rich, Republican ______1, 311 Joseph C. Rich, Democrat______Senators: 1,035 Herman H. Taylor, Republican------3,535 Representatives: Simon P. Donnelly, Democrat______1,810 Grove C. Gray, Republican ______1,365 .James C. Schurlock, Socialist______Wilford W. Richards, Republican______555 1,415 'r homas Turnbull, Independent ------1 George C. Hillier, DemocraL------~------980 Christian Wallantine, Democrat______Representatives: 876 William Ashley, jr., Republican ______: __ 3, 504 BINGHA.U COUNTY. A. A. Sage, Republican ______: __. ______3,442 Senators: ~- H. Spaulding, Republican ______3,215 James E. Steele, Republican ______2,762 Charles 0. Callahan, Democrat ------­ 1, 800 1,277 A.S. H. A. Watkins,Darknell, DemocratDemoerat_ ------______.:______1,775 X~oEE.eB~Si~e,D~~t;fr~~======337 ~.064 Representatives: . J. Rand Sanborn, Socialist______.:_ __ 586 Fred H. Turner, Repubhcan ______L. J. Porter, Republican ______3, 070 Amos C. Smith, Socialist ------­ 557 3,010 David E. Biglow, Socialist------; ------555 Alfred Chistensen, Republican ------2,946 J. G. Hinkle, Democrat______:._..: ______976 LATAH COUNTY. A. A. Dewey, Democrat ______Senators: 955 Maris E. Lewis, Republican______L. M. Capps, Democrat______1,006 2,773 F. S. Fry, Socialist______" ' illiam H. Harris. Democrat______1,412 336 Adge M. Hoidale, Socialist______Bingham Matthews. Socialist ------­ 356 228 llenry H. Trowbridge, SocialisL------344 Representatives: ~ames J. Mulalley, Republican______2,876 Senators: BL..U)..J~ COUNTY. James S. Nelson. Republican ______2,614 Fred W. Hastings, Republican ______1,119 Samuel M. Smith, Republican ______2,723 . . George A. Williams, Democrat______.______968 IIenry H. Bangs, Democrat______1,357 Representatives : William M. Thompson, Democrat______1,648 Sidney C. Fuld, Republican______1, 149 Frank E. llix, Democrat______._ ___. __ 1,404 Daniel D. Bush, Republican-----~------1,138 Almarine A. Anderson, Socialist______~------228 Archibald Billingsley, Democrat______928 Tennis E. Miller, Socialist______231 Charles H. Porter, Democrat______1,014 Melvin C. Davis, Socialist______. ------227 344 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 13,

LEMHI COUNTY. · Representatives-Continued. Senators: Ralph P. Quarles, Citizen ------1,387 · Robert W. McBride, Republican ______:______711 William R. Butler, Citizen ______· ______!. ______1,2G2 William T. Stethem, Democrat______691 Marion S. Parker. Citizen ______1,376 Representativ.es: -John H. Ross, Citizen ______1,264 L orenzo Falls, Republican ______669 E. B. Matthews, Citizen ______1,220 Orin E. Kirkpatrick, Democrat______: ______:_:_ ____. ___ _ 721 John Daly, s~, Independent ______1· LINCOLN COUNTY. BANNOCK COUNTY. Senators: Senators: Joseph S. Darrah, Republican______640 El E. Jacobs, Republican ______James P. Stevenson, Democrat______.:.______353 2,461 Representatives: . D. Worth Clark, Democrat------­ 1,282 Samuel J. Donaldson, Republican ______:_ 658 William Liddell, Socialist------140 John H. Condit, Democrat______:______326 Representatives: J. ll'rank Hunt, Republican ______2,36R NEZ PERCES COUNTY. W. H. Lovesy, Republican ______2,407 Senators: W. A. Staley, Republican ______: ______2,42!) George Ill. Crum, Republican ______:_-____ _ 3,509 Joseph B. Bistline, Democrat______1, 37G William S. Rice, Democrat______2, 054 Timothy M. Farrell, Democrat______.! ______1,331 . Representatives : Charles W. Fryar, Democrat______1,287 Charles D . Thomas, Republican ___ .:. ______:______3,376 Claud C. Smith, Socialist______145 Len IcGlll, Republican ______:______3·, 383 Dennis J. 0'1\iaboney, Socialist______143 ·Jacob L. Goodnight, Republican ______3,462 Robert George, Socialist______145 Wyckliffe R. Smith, Republican ______3,312 Elben Mounce, Democrat______2,248 BEAll LAKE COUNTY. Frank E. Fogg, Democrat______2,183 Senators: J. Shannon Hogue, DemoC!raL-----~------· -- 2,081 William L. Rich, Republican ______1,348 Daniel Green, Democrat______: ____ _ 2,197 E. F. · Guyon, Democrat______81 Kiney G. Osterhout, Socialist______397 William H. Ridd, Socialist______1 Victor H. Fitzgerald. Socialist ------392 Joseph 0. 1UcCart, Prohibitionist______1 William H. 'Buncy, Socialist______:__. ______392 Joseph C. Rich, Citizen------77R Joseph N. Hanks, Prohibitionist______158 Fmm T. D UBOIS, Independent______1 Edward Dowling. Prohibitionist______162 Representatives: Alveny Rickie,* Prohibitionist______.:.. ______156 James ~edman, Republican ______.:•------1,411 Clarence Talbott, Prohibitionist______161 John H. Grimmett, Republican_..:. ____ .: ______1, 407 Ira P. Holcomb, Independent______:______,.: _:.. ______4 Joseph McCart, Democrat------!=\~ B. Ii'. Fitzpatr·ic, Democrat_ ___. ______83 Senators: ONEIDA COUNTY. Christian Wallantine, · Citizen ____ .:______:______:_ 667 Henry Jones, Republican ______1,794 David L. Evans, Democrat______E.Fred F . L.Guyon, Crinkshank, Independent Citizen __ ------______------_ 704 1,435 1 Representatives: -- McMillen, Independent______1 Wilford Bennion, Republican ______1, 828 Denmark Jensen, Republican______: ______.:. 1, 811 BINGHAM COUNTY. George Foster, Republican ______:__: ___ _ 1,807 Senators: 1 Otis E. McCutcheon, Republican ______' Lewis Williams, Democrat------1,425 2,626 Stephen Callan, Democrat______1, 438 S. J. Rich, Democrat______744 John A. Kofoed, Democrat______1,342 Frank E. Wierman, Socialist______:______.:_ __ John G. Brown, American ______: ____. ______259 OWYHEE COUNTY. 1,049 Senators: D. Worth Clark, Independent------~----- 1 John Lamb, Republican------'- --·------~­ 020 Representatives : . Redmond J. Hanlon, DemocraL------­ 524 Peter G. Johnston, Republican ______2,686 Representatives: Robert M .• McCracken, Republican ______2,677 574 Chr·istian Anderson, Republican ______2,628 HarryMilton Avery,E. Reynolds, Republican--~------Democrat______. Ed. Holden, Democrat______544 W. W. Adamson, Democrat______700 SHOSHONE COUNTY. John C. Rusbton, Democrat______723 -Senators: Joseph Vance, Socialist______:______744 Alfred Page, Republican ______2,582 260 Charles Heim, Democrat______. ______2,:.!95 C. W. Nelson, SocialisL_·------270 John .W. Vincent, Socialist______John A. Modin, Socialist______294 496 Andrew Burkman, American ______Representatives : . _ . · . . 1, 044 Rufus J. Anderson, _Republican ______John W. Jones, American ______..:. ______:______1,074 2, 778 Ralph Edmunds, American ______Hugh France, Republican ______~ ------2,659 874 Adam Aulbach, Republican_.:. ______'------2, 8f>8 BLAINE COUNTY. Alexander D. McKinlay, Republican ______2,665 Leon 0. Whitsell, Democrat______:_.__ _ Senators: 2,228 Reginald F. Buller:. Republican ______1,092 Andrew M. Roberts, Democrat______2,217 James \V. Ballantrne, Democrat______Moses S. Sammons, Democrat______. ______974 2,048 Representatives: Admon R. Oxley, Democrat______: ______2,093 Thomas C. Stanford, Republican ______1,01!! John l\f. Hughs, Socialist______.:. ______463 Emil Krause, Socialist______James L. Baxter, Re1)ublican ______921 Charles H. Porter, Democrat______1, 004 Theodore Krugman, SocialisL------"------·---- George A. McLeod, Democrat______. ___ _: ____ ~ 1,193 Ludwig Kampf, Socialist______:gb44~ I WASHINGTON COUN;TY. BOISE COUNTY. Senators: I Senators: Leander W. Smith, Republican ______.:______:_ __ 1, 59!) F. V. Tinker, Republican______716 Thomas C. Galloway, Democrat______1, 247 L. R. Walters, Democrat______888 Fred A. Wilkie, SocialisL------217 Representatives : Representatives : . F. S. Logue, Republican______771 Lester P. Smith, Republican ______1,603 G. W. Barry, Democrat__.:______832 William McBratney, Republican ______1,G03 Archibald Hudelson, Democrat______CANYON COUNTY. 1, 211 Senators: C. Howard Denison, Democrat______1, 233 Arthur A. Richards, Republican ______2, 424 Festus Foster, Socialist______211 G. w. Lamson, Democrat______2, 271 Milam R. Morris, SocialisL------204 Frank Fouch, Socialist______· 2 4 James H. Egbert, Prohibitionist______157 'Abstract of votes cast tot· State senatot·s attd t·epresentatives at the Representatives:. . generat election held November 6, 1906. George F. Zimmerman, Republican ______2,362 Samuel Ballantyne, Hepublican ______2,397 ADA COUNTY. L. V. Patch. Republican ______2,34 C. W. Wh:m n, Democrat______Senators:John McMillan,. . Republican ______, _ 2,418 Fletcher H. Lovejoy, Socialist______3,~~ 2,377 2,401 Erwin W. Johnson, Citizen ______1,188 ~~i:n~e~e&~~:m~~~t~c~~~======Daniel D. Besse, Socialist______:_===== ____ _= 266 Homer G. Patterson, l'rohibition------.--­ 343" Gustave Schaifhausen, Socialist______260 FRED DUBOIS, IndependenL------~------3 268 1 J.Robert D. Bird, D. McKee,Prohibitionist_ ·socialisL------______1 130 fo·n:~Milton ~~~~~'Sebern, I¥~~~~~~~~~t======Independent ------1 CASSIA COUNTY. Representative : Senators: Chas. C. Cavanilh, Republican ______3,322 Geo. A. Day, Republican ______1, 489 Frank •.r. Wyman, Republican ______3,39;) John Janney, Democrat ______1,125 D. D. Shaw, Republican ______3,2!17 Sam T. Shell, Socialist______164 Arch Cunningham, Republican ______3,372 Representatives: Willard White, Republican ______3,323 Harry T. West, Republican ______1, 583 I. Wilson Wright, ocialisL------il34 Orville L. Beecher, Democrat______1, 016 Chas. hl. Abbott, Socialist______3J::i J. E. Barnhurst, Socialist______168 Clemson Underwood, SocialisL------'------344 33;:) CUSTER COUNTY. ~~b*~~J~·isC~ i~a~~l~iaJ~~tinllst::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3"'> Senators: Roland H. Robb, Prohibitionist______291 Chas. F. Baker, Republican ______361 Willia m A. Lawrence, Prohibitionist______287 Ravenel Macbeth, Democrat______~ ------_...: __ _ 724 Horatio A. Swartz, Prohibitionist______. 282 Representatives : Samuel B. Taylor, Prohibitionist______289 Leslie E. Dillingham, Republican ______347 ;Tames A. Casebeer, Prohibitionist------300 Nathan H. Clark, DemocraL------;------... 719 1906. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. - 345

ELMORE COUNTY. · Representatives: Senators: L. G. Bradley, Republican ______2,597 Henry 0. l\fanz, ·Republican ______588 . Wickliffe R. Smith, RepubHca.n ______2,605 Rotert D. Gorby, Democrat______525 Charles C. Miles, Republican ______2,615 Ralph W. Simpkins, Socialist______145 Seneber S. Brooks, Republican------2,624 Ole A. Anderson, Republican ______2,646 Representatives : Eben Mounce, Democ.rat______: ______William Pickrell, R epublican ------~------493 2,284 L. J. Weaver, Democrat______Ernest L. Parker, Democrat______2,257 '579 John J. Wood, Democrat______Henry Crab, SocialisL------166 2,295 Frank Gatl'ney, Democrat______2,233 FREMONT COUNTY. Nathaniel G. Looney, Democrat______2,18(J Nichalaous Jacobs, Socialist______SenatorJohns: W. Hart, Republican ______. _ 46(} 5,014 Alfred White, Socialist______------. 45:! C. H. Moon, American------~------401 Kinney Ousterhout, Socialist______.:. ______456 A. M. Slatery, Socialist_ ____· ------633 Representatives-Continued. Geo. S. Young, Citizen------3 John J. Senter, Socialist______: ______451 Fred T. Dubois, Independent:______3 Thomas l\1. l\Iarek, Socialist______.: ______452 Representatives : . . .James E. Fogg, Republican ______Clarence·E. Talbott, Prohi b itionisL---~------145 4,897 James L. Pearson, Prohibitionist______153 Eli l'II. Harris, Republican ______: ______4,717 Emory Smith, Prohibitionist______139 ·John D. Killpack, jr., Republican ______4,880 John C. Carlson, Prohibitionist______142 James W. Webster, Republican ______.,. ______:_ 4, 80.2 Joseph !. IIawks,_Prohi bitionist______: ____ ._ 142 336 re~:~eyl\I~i~~~~~-. cgi\~~~n======424 ONEIDA COUNTY. 598 Senators: ~~s~~h ~~~~i~;~· s~~f~t~~~==· ======653 Denmark- Jensen, Republican ______2, 004 C. H. Cammons, Socialist______582 Otto Gassman, Independent_ __ ·------1, 254 L. J . l\Iaurer, SocialisL------­ 25 Phillip J. Evens, Socialist______:______: ____ 99 A. C. Langley, American------482 William W. Evens, Independent______. 24 0. H. Olive,* American ______: ______45U Representatives : N. N. Burggraf, American ______456 Wilfred Bennion, Republican ______1, 845 G. Reimann, American ------466 L. D. Jones, Republican_~ ------1, 965 --- Hoggan, Independent______1 Lewis Williams, Democrat______.:.. ___ 1, 404 W. L. Flint, IndependenL------'------~------­ 8 Hugh S. Geddis, Democrat______1, 215 --- Goody, IndependenL------·------=--·------)_ David 0. Wilcox, Socialist______72 Alfred Ricks, Independent______6 S. L. Pierson, Socialist______...:______70 Geo. - Hjort, Independent ------~------1 W. T. Oliver, IndependenL------25 William Pettit, Independent______. ______-:______1 James S. Frew, Independent______24 Henry Fisher, Independent______'"" ____ .:. ___ _ l OWYHEE COUNTY. IDAHO COUNTY. Senators: Senators: Edwin Herriqgton, Republican ______.:.______476 Chas. H. Nugent, Republican ______1, 788 Arthur Pence, Democrat______516 · Geo. Simon, Democrat------1,734 Robert E. l\Iorrow, Socialist______99 Representatives: . . Representat ives : · Enoch W. Whitcomb, Republican ______""\" ______,______1, 712 John E. Keit!l, Republican______505 Fred G. Painter, Republican ______. __ 1, 67!-l Michael Downs, Democrat______.... ______: _ 487 William A. Jones, Republican ______1, 500 Nathania! G. Massey, Socialist______88 William S. 1\I. Williams, Democrat______1, 858 James Surridge, Democrat______1, 884 SHOSHONE COUNTY. -. 1 John A. Cassell, Democrat______1, 894 Senators: -Ewen Mcintosh, Republican ______2, 076 KOOTENAI COUNTY. Edward H. Moffitt, Democrat______.,. ____ .:. __ 1,. 805 Senators: -David C.-Caites, Socialist_ ____ .,c ____ :______-:------;------612 Ignatz Well, Republican ______2,889- Representatives: - · · · J. S. 1\IcClear, DemocraL------~ ------2,941 Albet·t H. Conner, Republican ______2, 219 William S. Sommers, Socialist______. __ _ 657 Thos. R. Jones, Republican ______2, 219 Hernam J. Rossi, .Republican ______.! ______. _..:: __ 2, 012 RepresentativesJ. P. Fallon, : Republican ______. ______2,967 Abner G . . Kerns, DemocraL------.-- · ~-- :. ______1, 879 • William L. Gleason, Republican ______:·______2,931 Hans 1\I. Thostenson, Democrat______1, 788 Jacob C. Finstad, Republican ______:....:._ 2,929 Chas. Heim, Democrat______1,..864 S. D. Taylor, Republican ______2,904 Peter 0. :5wanson, SocialisL _ _. ______._ ___ '-_____ :______-'-'- 524 W. B. Hagar, DemocraL------~------2, 8'15 Danl. C. Hudson, So~ialist______:_:_ ____ :_ __ '-._ __ :_·_.:.__ 515 'Arthur A. Darknell, Democrat______2,835 Geo. L. Cloud, Socialist______: ____ _:______.:.______506 Earl S. Prindle, Democrat______2,81-l: Chas. E. Riggs, Democrat______2,809 WASHINGTO~ COUNTY. Amos C. Smith, Socialist______673 Senators: . Jay Rand Sanborn, Socialist______.:. ______677 Lot L. Feltham, Republican ______1, 177 David E . Bigelow, Socialist______· 670 Edward A. Van Sicklin, Democrat______:______1, 630 Harry Atwater, SocialisL------,------670 J. H. Morrison, SocialisL------~------235 Representatives: . · LATAH COU}OITY. F. E. Brown, Republican ______1, 264 Senators: P. H . Miller, Republican ------~---- 1, 135 Warr~n Trui~t, Repub_lic~n--- · ------­ 2, 128 Albert L. Freehafet·, Democrat______1, 718 Tenms E. Miller, SoctahsL--~------218 Archibald B. Hudelson, Democrat______1, 518 J. C. Carrick, Prohibitionist______..; ______196 - Jerome J. Day, Citizen ______.:, ______S. A. Keithley, SocialisL-----. ------~------·--- 212 1, 737 H . H. Cossitt; SocialisL------:------216 Representatives: James J. Mulalley, Republican------2, 293 The Socialist vote would have elected the member in Canyon 1\Iartin J. Wessels, Republican ______2, 296 Benjamin J. Jones, Republican ______2, 161 County. 'l'here were two Democrati.c members elected out of John Anderson, Socialist______21!) four in Canyon County. It went twelve hundred Republican Nathew Miller, Socialist______216 two years ago, and, as I say, it is the place where Governor Robert I. Hutchison, Socialist______215 William M. Duthie, Prohibitionist______219 Steunenberg lived and died. They elected half of the Demo­ Colden B. Sanders, Prohibitionist______196 cratic legislative ticket there, and they beat the district judge Henry A. Morgan, Prohibitionist______224 who was sitting in this case. 0 1,565 There is nothing in the law-and-order case, except that a self­ ~~~~ef ~~tP~~t~~5ieil======1,466 Thos. H. Christie, Citizen------1,495 confessed murderer named Orchard testified, I think, that he stood with his rifle leveled on ex-Governor Steunenberg as ·he LEMHI COUNTY. Senators: sat by his window, surrounded by his family, during the Christ­ M. 1\I. McPherson, Republican______728 mas holidays. He did not shoot, because be feared the pane William C. Whitwell, Democrat______739 of glass might deflect the ball. He waited, and put dynamite Representatives: Alexander D. Guy, Republican______679 between the gateposts, knowing the habits of ex-Governor James L. Kirtley, jr., Democrat______767 Steunenbergl and as the ex-governor was going to his home at LINCOLN COUNTY. Christmas time, in the dusk of evening, he struck the string, the Senators : bomb exploded, and tore biin to pieces. The man who testified William Van Iorns, Republican ______810 592 to this says that three members of a great organization em- ~:n~:' thi~~~c~~ci~fl~to_c~-~~======: 169 ployed him to do it. · · Representatives: · Asa A. Abbott, Republican ______Tlle Idaho authorities had these men arrested in Colorado 727 and taken to Idaho. Friends of these men endeavored to get Hardy Sears, DemocraL------'------662 R. L. Cheney, Socialist______173 them out on a writ of habeas corpus. The courts of Idaho NEZ PERCES COUNTY. passed on the case, there being on the bench, among others, our Senators: candidate for governor, Chief Justice Stockslager. They denied Elmer Waldrip, Republican ______2, 614 l\Iarner D. Mills, Democrat______2, 318 the writ of habeas corpus. It came here to the Supreme Court John T. Lough, Socialist______434 of the United States. It was pending during our election. It Edwin F . Beaudreau, Prohibitionist______152 was decided only a few days ago in accordance with the decision 346 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. DECEMBER 13, ·

of tbe courts of Idaho. And out of that t~ey tried to make the tion, while the fruits of obedience through their counsels are pros­ perity, spiritual life, moral purity, advancement, contentment, and joy. Pre ident of the United States and others believe that there was Now, these are facts. These have been the fruits of "Mormonism" a law-and-order issue in Idaho, as if any citizen of Idaho does and the results of following the counsels of the church authol'ity. not want to see the murderers of ex-Governor Steunenberg exe­ Why, then, should any young man, or old either, when malicious false­ hood is burled recklessly at the devoted leaders, doubt their integrity cuted-Orchard· or the other men or anybody else. It was not or disregard their advice? Has not history proved the servants of the mentioned in the campaign by anyone, unless it was by Governor Lord to be honest, just, secure in the right, and their counsels safe Gooding, and then in a way designed not to alarm the labor guides through the way, ending in ultimate blessing? Just now there is· a tendency among some of the thoughtless young vote. men to join in or sympathize with the fight against the church au­ I will read a letter from 1\fr. Buchman, who was thrown into thority waged by the assassins of virtue, the supporters of vice and jail at Rexburg. It is from St. Anthony, Fremont County, riot, and wine and lewd women, gambling, robbery, and general cor­ ruption. It is a senseless tendency, and they who follow it will do Idaho, a Gentile town : so to their own destruction. Senato:c FRED T. DUBOIS, At the present time we are about to .make a choice' of some political . Washington, n: 0. leaders. It is scarcely necessary to say that a man who bas tile inter­ • • • • • • • est of himself and his people at heart will choose his friends. 'Ybo are Immediately after election a number of prominent 1\formons, umong our friends? Men who have kept informed on the trend of affairs in them 1\Ir. James Fogg, the bishop of this ward, called on the merchants the nation for the past two years or more may easily surmise. To vote of this place and demanded from them that I be dismissed from office any other way would be ungracious, against our own best interests and as chief of police because I went to Rexburg and challenged voters. would show a spirit of ungratefulness such as this people do not n'atur­ The majority of the merchants refused to take this action against me. ally possess. "Wberefore, by their fruits ye shall know them." Mr.---, the leading merchant here- JOSEPH F. SlliTII. ·Mr. Buchman gives his name, but I . will not mention it, be­ Here is a letter from one Musser. It is written by A. Milton cause the Mormons would drive him out of town. They would 1.\fusser, a lifelong devotee of the hierarchy, a polygamist, an em­ boycott this merchant if I read his name. So I will not give ployee in the Church Historian office. He would not ba ve dared his name: . to commit one sentence of this communication to the public 1Hr. ---, the leading merchant here (and one of them whom the print e-xcept by permission of the chief hierarch. Musser claims bishop had been to see demanding my d1scharge), came to me and to be a Democrat and is appealing to Mormon Democrats. offered to pay my salary to the end of my term in office, or six months, amounting to $450 cash, in full if I would hand in my resignation to the PLAIN FACTS ABOUT THE TWO GREAT POLITICAL PARTIES. city council. Mr. --- remarked that it was strictly a matter of To to hom it 1nost ooncet-ns : business with hlm, as they (the 1\Iormons) had threatened to boycott his store unless he used his efforts with other merchants to gain my President Theodore Roosevelt and his Administration are fair to discharge. . "Mormons" in common with all other citizens. Federal appoint­ I am a Republican, yet I have been appointed chief of police by two ments in this State were made in the face of violent opposition from Democratic as well as two Republican mayors, and I received the larg­ anti-" 1\Iormon" parties, the anti-" Mormon" party. The appoint­ est vote of any candidate on any ticket in my own precinct fot sheriff ments made by the President show that in such matters he listens this last eJection on the American ticket. exclusively to the Congressional delegation from the State. Respectfully, H. A. BUCHll..L"<. The proposition to put in its platform a plank reflecting adversel_y on the " Mormons " was rejected emphatically by the last Republican .Mr. Sam Rich, a leading Mormon of my county, who was run­ national convention-that of 1904, at Chicago-while the same- propo­ ning for the State senate, went into tlie Mormon counties and sition was accepted by the last Democratic national convention-that appealed to them to boycott everyone who was supporting the of 1904, at St. Louis-the anti-" Mormon" plank as presented by FRED T. DUBOIS at that time being- incorporated into the bemocratic American ticket. They said they would do it. Those are the national platform. conditions which confront our American citizens in that ection The Republican leaders in Congress, on the recommendation of Sena­ of the country, and the governor proclaims to men who cast tor REED S.uooT, struck out of the Arizona-New Mexico statehood law the amendment of Democratic Senator DUBOIS, which was intend£:d to votes 175 to nothing, as they did in many precincts, to see that disfranchise the " Mormons " in that State. · · they are not intimidated by a challenger; that if a challenger The Republican leaders in Congress, on the recommendation of Sena­ comes along to arrest him. tor GEORGE SUTHEBLAND, struck out of the new immigration law the clause placed there at the instigation of Democratic Senator DuBOIS, by You naturally wonder why we do not seek redress in the which " Mormon " immigrants were to be excluded from the United courts'. You.ca.n not get it in southeastern Idaho any more than States on the ground of belief in polygamy. you can get it in Utah. ~here 'is not a · beneficiary of the 1.\for­ The Republican party leaders prevented the consideration and pas­ sage by Congress this year-1906-of an amendment to the National mon political power tbat will not make some excuse and some Constitution framed by Democratic Senator DUBOIS and intendeed to apology for this state· of affairs, but not one of them will stand disfranchise the " Mormons" in the United States. for effective legislation. The minority report of the Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections, which report is a complete vindication of the "Mormon" In Utah there is a Republican-Mormon party and a Demo- people on the issues raised in the SMOOT case, is sio-ned e~clu lvely by . cratic-1.\formon party, both equally controlled by the Mormon Republicans, the signers being a.lllDng the strongest, brainie t; and hierarchy. The American party in Utah is composed of Gen­ most influential members of the United States Senate. The majority report of the Senate Committee on Privileges and Ellectjons in the tiles, both Republicans and Democrats, who are battling there, REED SMOOT case, which report is an assault upon the citizenship of unde,r the very shadow of this tremendous ecclesiastical power, all "Mormons," is signed by every Democratic member of that com­ for American citizenship, for the separation of church and mittee. This case became practically a party question, with the real force and strength of the Democratic party nationally lined up on state, and against the degradation of womanhood and borne. the side of depriving " Mormons " of their rights as citizens, while the It is n noble, magnificent contest they are making. '· real force and strength of the Republican party nationally is lined up They have abandoned all hope · of political preferment and on the side of maintaining the rights of "Mormons " as citizens. Demo­ cratic success in Utah means the stre_ngthening of the Democratic line.. suffer financially in their unequal struggle for American prin­ up against " Mormons," and the weakening-possibly the breaking up­ ciples. President Roosevelt throws the weight of his mighty · of the Republican line-up in defense of the rights of "Mormons" as influence against the Americans and for the Republican-M:or­ citizens. The Republican party, having control in the nation having the Na­ mons in Utah led by President Smith and Se;nator SMOOT. tional Administration, the United States Senate, and the House of Rep­ He demands in Utah an indorsement of Smith and SMooT. resentatives, has the power (and the inclination and coura~e to use it) The Mutual. Improvement Era is the organ of the Mutual Im­ to. protect "?4ormons" in their rights as citizens, wbicn power, if ahenated or duected into oth~r channels as advocated by Democratic provement Association of the Mormon Cburcb, and these asso­ leaders, would prove most disastrous to the " Mormon " people. ciations comprise practically all membership of the church rang­ The Democratic party in Idaho, being an integral part of the national ing between the years of 16 and 35. Joseph F. Smith is the Democratic party and therefore of necessity in accord with its general party policy, is o~enly and actively contending fot' the disfranchisement editor. Anything emanating from him in his capacity as editor of the " Mormon ' people, while the Republican party, and tber·efore of is considered to be the word of the Lord to the 1.\formons. His . necessity in accord with its general party Rolley, is openly and actively instruction through the Mutual Improvement Era is assumed by contending for equal rights to " Mormon ' citizens in the face of an extensive anti-" Mormon " prejudice. The most prominent feature of him and by all the zealots in his following to be the command­ the present political campaign in Idaho is the warfare which the Demo­ ment from the Most High. While be does not name the Re­ cratic · party is waging against the " Mormon " people and the fight publican ticket and the Republican organization as being the which the Republican party is putting up there on behalf of " Mor- mons" being protected in their rights as citizens. . spedal objects of his regard, such specific designation in words 'rhe Democratic party organ in Utah-the Salt Ln.ke IIerald-bas de­ i.. unnece sary, because his following is so tutored as to under­ clared in favor of the election of the Demo'cratic State ticket and Demo­ stand what be means, and every Republican priest who desired cratic Senator DUBOIS in Idaho; these are all pledged to the disfran­ chisement of the "Mormon" people. This is not surprising, since the to do so could utilize this article and place the intended interpre­ party organ must be with the general party policy, and the protest of tation upon it. Furthermore, it was ·ample notice to every any small section of that party that it does not agree with such policy Democratic priest to waive his partisanship and assist the Re- is not only futile, but is misleading. The Republican party in Utah, at its last State convention, gave a publican cau e. . . decided rebuke to efforts to inject into the State platform a criticism I will read an article of November 2, 1906, just before elec­ of " Mormons " exercising full political privileges, while the Democratic tion, signed by Joseph F . Smith : party in Utah, at its last State convention, committed itself to the vir­ tual disfranchisement of a portion of the " Mormon " people, by de­ [Improvement Era, November, 1906.] claring against " Mormons " who may hold church positions exercising At no time have the leaders of this people counseled evil, and it is their constitutional rights to the full privileges of citizenship. The true that where individuals have heeded the counsels of the church Democratic State platform there adopted applies a religious test to such persons have in the end succeeded best and have recognized the "MoriDDns_" for office in violation of the National Constitution and wisdom and justice of their counsels. The contrary course has uni­ gives direct encouragement to the fight of the Democracy in Idaho for versally ended in failure, often in spiritual death and moral degrada- the disfranchisement of "Mormons." •

1906. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 347 ·

So far as it has been able the Republican party nationally, by its In .Idaho the Republican party is allied with the Mormons. control of leg-islation in Congress, by its Chicago platform, and by the voice and action of all its strong Representatives on the United States The vote of the State is divided about as follows: Committee on Privileges and Elections, has declared in favor of the aiormonsRepublicans ______------,...-~---- _ 28,000 "Mot·mon" people retaining and exercising the full rights of citizens 17,000 in common with other people in this nation ; the Republican party in Democrats------~------18,000 Idaho, being an intearal part of the national Republican party, is iu Socialists ------5,000 accord therewith, and is now leading the fight for preset·ving the rights P~·ohibitionists------2,000 of the " l\Iormon " people ; the Republican party is in harmony there­ with, and is outspoken in upholding the rights of " Mormons " in com­ Total ______70,000 mon with those of all other citizens. On the other band, so far as it has been able, the Democratic party nationally, by its St. Louis con­ The Democratic party is making its fight in Idaho against the vention platform, by the unanimous \ote of its Senators on the Senate domination of the polygamous 1\lormon hierarchy in the politics Committee on Privileges and Elections, and by the efforts of its leaders of the State. in Congress to disfmncbise the "Mormons " in Arizona and New Mexico and to exclude " Mormons" from entering the United ·States as immi­ In southeastern Idaho, where the 1\Iormons are in absolute grants, has declared against the "Mormon" people; the Democracy control, there are American county tickets, the same as in Utah, in Idaho, being a pat·t of the national Democratic party and in accord composed of Republican and Democratic Gentiles. · If is an un- . thet·ewith, is leading the fight against the " Mormon " people ; the Democt·acy in Utah, an inseparable part of the national Democt·atic equal fight. The Mormons absolutely dominate the Republican party and in harmony therewith, so far as it has ventured to express party and ele~t its ticket. President Roosevelt sent Secretary itself, bas not dared to utter a word in protest against the attack of of ·war Taft to Idaho to aid the l\iormon nominee for governor the Democratic party elsewhere on the rights of the ":Mormon" people, but EO far as its utterances have gone these are in line of encouraging and to say to the Gentile Republicans of Idaho tilat tile Admin­ and abetting that attack on the "Mormons." istration desires the election of the Republican-Mormon ticket. "Will any " Mormon " who heretofore has voted the Democratic ticket do so again in the face of these- stubborn facts, which are so plain and ASSOCI.A.TED PRESS ACCOU::S"' OF TAFT GOING WEST. positive that no sane man can be blind thereto? Can any " Mormon " WASHINGTON, D. C., October Z2, 1906. who heretofore bas supported the Republican ticket be cajoled, threat­ ened. or beguiled into voting the Democratic ticket or any part thereof It was announced to-day that Secretary Taft would speak in Repre­ sentative WACHTER' s district in Baltimore next Friday ni~ht, and that at this time, in view of the hostile attitude of the Democratic party according to a programme arranged jointly by Representative SHERMAN, toward the " Mormon•" people? of the Congressional committee, Senator DICK,- of Ohio State commit­ It is an incontrovertible fact, already demonstrated well beyond the tee, and Representative BunTOX, of Cleveland, be will speak at Cleve­ possibility of doubt-no mattet· how much boasting, sputtering, protest­ land Satm·day, in Mr. BuRTOX's district, and at Lancaster and Logan, ing, and deception may be engaged in to the contrary-that so far as Ohio, on Monday next. the "Mormon" people are concemed the Democt·atic party has aban­ It has not yet been determined whether he will deliver an address in doned whatever high principles it once had and bas become the party Spea kei.' CANNON's district or at Omaha, but he will speak in Idaho in of intolerant, selfish, cru~l, relentless religious persecution, and is a violator of the Natioral Constitution in so far as that great charter of the interest of Governor Gooding on the subject of "law and order." human liberty guat·antees freedom to wors.hin God to all citizens, " Mor­ * * * * mons " or othet·wise, and to exercise the fuTl rights of citizenship now 'l'bis was October 22, 1906, and I immediately wired the Presi- enjoyed. And, further, the policy now being followed by the Demo­ dent the following: cratic party toward the "Mormon" people is a rank and inexcusable betrayal of every tt·ust reposed in the party by any "Mormon" who Press dispatches say you are sending Secretary Taft to ·Boise, ever voted a Democratic ticket. By its treachery to the " Mormon " Idaho, to speak for Governor Gooding, in behalf of l~w and order, voters, wllo have honored and trusted it so oft. the Democratic party and on account of the character of the campaign being made against merit· the enmity and execration of evet·y "Mo~:mon" and of eTery him. If this is true, you are entirely misinformed. No law and lover of human liberty, political or religious. order campaign is being waged in Idaho. Summed up. the facts show conclusively that the Republican party 'l'he sole issue is against the domination of the Mormon Church in throughout the whole nation is united in defending the rights of the our poll tics. Mormon people as cit izens. On the other hand, they also show that I assure you that you have been misinformed and that it will be the Democratic pat·ty throughout the whole nation, with perhaps the undl'rstood that Secretary Taft will be sent here to speak in behalf exception of the Democrats in Utah, is antagonistic to .and arrayed of Mormonism, as that is the sole iss.ue in the Idaho campaign. against the 1\formon people. In fact, there is no difference in that respect between the so-called "American " party and the Democratic The announcement that Secretary Taft was to come brought par·ty. Even in Utah, while the Democratic party has not declared for joy to the hearts of eYery polygamist in Utah and Idaho. It the wholesale disfranchisement of the Mormon people, it bas declared may not make any difference to the President of tb.e United practically for the disfranchisement of a certain class of Mormons. It can be shown conch;sively that not only is the Republican party Stutes, but it does to me, that every minister in Idaho, without stronger in this State than the Democratic party, but it is also stronger exception-Methodist, Presbyterian, Catholic, Episcopalian­ . in Salt Lake County, and consequently all good citizens, iLTespective supported our contention. Republican ministers everywhere ap­ of party, should vote the Republican ticket to ovet·tbrow the "Amer- ican " party. • peared on the platform and introduced me to the audiences. Conservative Democrats readily admit that tbet·e are very few of They are familiar with the conditions there, they know what their class teft in the Democratic ranks; they also admit that there they are, and every Christian minister-I defy them to name are now more Gentiles in the Republican party than in the Demo­ cratic party. a single exception in Idaho-supported the Democratic party in In the last city. election R. P. Morris, the Democratic nominee for their last campaign. It may not appeal to President Roose­ mayor, ran considerably ahead of the ticket, and received a large num­ yelt, but for me I would sooner have their support and that of ber of Republican votes. The Democratic councilmanic ticket was ahead of the Republican only about 412 votes. 'l'bis year it is a county the good women of this land in this fight for principle than election. About one-tbii·d of the •vote is outside of Salt Lake City. In to Ilave tb~ support of this polygamous hierarchy. the last county election, with the 'American" ticket in the field, Con­ One million and more petitions came here. to this Senate ask­ gressman HowELL had 1,616 votes in excess of 0. W. Powers. It is con­ ceded that the article appearing in the Deser·et 'ews the night before ing that the apostle Senator from Utah be denied his seat. Do election drove Gentile Republicans into the "American" ranks and you tilink those good women did not know what they were do­ "Mormon" Republicans into voting the Democratic ticket. The last ing? Who pass for you your child-labor laws, ·your juvenile­ election returns show that the Hepublican party, while in the county outside of the city, it is over· 1,600 votes ahead. court laws? Who look after your hospitals? Who keep pure I have been a life-long Democrat, but for the foregoing reasons I will tile home, the foundation on which this Republic can rest only not give further support to the political party which bas shown so w:itil security? Were it not for the good women of this land we much unjust discrimination and bitter enmity toward an unoliending and patriotic people. would wander far from the right. It is through their exertions A. MILT0:-1' MUSER. tilat all this legislation which makes us an enlightened na~ion . Tills is signed by A. Milton :Muser, and publisiled in the Inter­ comes to pass. They knew what they were doing. They have mountain Republican, a paper which is understood at any rate their missionaries in Utah and I daho and Wyoming and that to be the official organ of the s:enior Senator from Utah, and it part of the country all the time. They get reports from them would not have been publisiled, as I have stated, unless witil every montil. They know what are the conditions there, and tile advice and consent of Joseph F . Smith. they appeal to you to help the womanhood ·of the country and The following resolution, referred to by l\1r. Muser, was pre­ the childhood of the country. sented to the Republican State convention September 21, 1906: It may make no difference to President Roosevelt that be bas lost the respect and support of these great women organizations. Be it turtl!e1· resolt:ed, That the Republican party of the State of He may not care, because be bas this great political as et which Utah hereby declares and affirms that it is ·opposed to the union of church and state, and that it is unalterably opposed to any high can return six Senators and· soon can return ten to this body. ecclesiast of any denomination whatsoever seeking and asking for po­ I received tilis letter, which I will read, signed by Iligb officers litical preferment and benefit of civil office, or unduly interfering with of these great wome11 organizations of the country : politics while be is holding any high ecclesiastical or church position, and for the future, and in order to promote tranquillity, perfect equality, DEAR SIR: The women of the country recognize the right to re­ and the best possible progress of the State, the Republican party will ligious liberty, which is a fundamental principle of our Government, use its endeavors to enforce and maintain this principle. but they are fully justified in their ~laim that the Mormon hierarchy is a polygamous, commercial, and political organization that, because 'l'pat was offered by a young Mormon, and they immediately of its cloak of religion, received protection for its unlawful acts. asked him when be bad apostacized; bow long be bad been out 'l'he desire to secure the solid vote of the Mormons, which Joseph F . Smith can promise to whom he will, has caused the investigation into of tile clmrcll. Tiley did not even give the poor young Mormon REED SMOOT's right to a seat in the Senate to drag on for three years, the privilege of allowing the resolution to be voted on. They . because in that time Presidential and Congressional elections have simply smothered it out with ridicule. been held. It has been a bitter sorrow and disappointment to the women to learn that the terrible conditions r evealed in Utah and ad­ Tilat' was the sihmtion of affairs in Utah and in Idaho, as I joining States sink into insignificance when a political party needs the have tried to convey it. Mormon vote. Has the t ime come when the great Repubfican party, 348 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 13,

·the par.ty of moral issues., the party formed to . free the country of KONGO FREE ST.ATE. polygamy and: the union of· church and state, will condone these offenses and support those who· are responsible for theJII? Mr. LODGE. I ask that the pamphlet which I send to the 1.'he investigation has proved to any unbiased individual that to-day desk may be printed as a Senate document. It is the report of in Utah, Idaho, and other States there exists in intensified degree a condition of pol'ygai!ly and union of church and state which, when the debate in the Belgian House of Representatives in regard to Utah was a Territory, caused the President and the Congress to- con­ the Kongo, and contains a great many very interesting matters. · fiscate the property of the Mormon Church and deprive them of the franchise. • The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Massa.chu· Leaders of the women's national organizations have traveled exten­ setts desire to have it referre6.? sively through Utall, Idaho, O_regon, and Washington during the last Mr. LODGE. Oh, no-; I desire merely to have it printed as a year, and have heard the claim of the Mormon leaders that President document. Roosevelt is their friend. And in the last election in Utah a lerter was written by Elder A. Milton Musser, historian of the Mormon The VICE-PRESIDENT. Without objection, it is so ordm·ed. Church, printed and distributed to every Mormon v'oter, citing instances to prove the friendshi-p and support of the Republican. party for the - EXECUTIVE SESSION. Mormons- and ordeuing them to vote the Republican ticket ; also the in­ .1\fr. LODGE. I move that the -Senate proceed to the consid· closed advi<;:e from President -Joseph F •. Smith as to how Mormons eration of executive business. should vote. · Last May representatives of women's organizations, numbering in The motion was agreed. to; and the Senate proceeded to the their constituency 10,000,000 women, met at the New Willard, in Wash­ consideration of executive business. After twenty-five minutes ington, and unanimously adopted resolutions urging the Senate Com­ spent in executive session the doors were reopened, and (at 4 mittee on Privileges and· Elections to report on the Smoot case before the closing of the session. They also called on ·the President at the o'dock p. m.) the Senate adjourned, the adjournment being White House and placed in his hands a copy of the resolution, assuring until Monday, December 17-. 1906, at 12 o'clock meridian. him that the women of the country, realizing his interest in the sanc­ tity of the home, believed he woul aid in destroying this enemy of the home, the wife, and the mother. NO:i\HNATIONS. Women in Utah and in Idaho who were standing for the protection of their homes, for the. protection of their children, and for the freedom Executive nominations 1·eceivea by the Senate December 18, from the weight and. thr~dom of this un-American power, were, with 1906. the women of the nation., dismayed when., by the order of the Chief Execu­ SECRETARY OF THE T.REASUR~. tive, Secretary Taft visited Idaho just previous to the election in sup­ port of the Republican party, which is dominated in these States by the George B. Cortelyou, of New York, now Postmaster-General, Mormon hierm:chy .. to be Secretary of the Treasury, to take effect March 4, 1fl07, The majority of the women enlisted in this battle for the honor of' womanhood, for the legitimacy of childhood, and for freedom, purity vice Leslie .M. Shaw. · and honor, have been -lifelong. Republicans, and it- is witl1 tile grief and SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR. shame that a mother feels when. a loved child gees wrong that the women of the nation note the attitude of those from whom they had James Rudolph Garfield, of Ohio, now· Commissioner of Cor· expeeted help and guidance, but who have wandered far from the prin­ porations in the Department of Commerce and Labor, to be ciples of Lincoln and Grant in condoning the crimes of the Mormon hierarchy and upholding one of its highest ·officials as a Senator of the Secretary of the Interior, to take effect 1\Iarch 4, 1907, vice United States. Ethan A.. Hitchcock. All honor to the brave men who have placed vrinciple above party, POSTMASTER-GENERAL. and who by either vote or influence have refnsed to perpetuate the greatest crime of the century. . George v. L. l\Ieyer, of Massachusetts, now ambassador ex· To them and to God the· people must look for relief from the terrible traordinary and plenipotentiary to Russia, to be Postmaster· wrongs to womanhood, to childhood, and to the moral tone of the whole community, which would fill volumes if they were printed. General, to take effect l\Iarch 4, 1907, vice George B. Cortelyou, EXECUTIVE BOARD, nominated to be Secretary of the Treasury. Leagr£e. of Women's National Organizations. SURVEYOR 9F CUSTOMS. Mrs. FREDERIC SCHOO.F, Chairman_ Mrs. l.'tliRGARET DYE ELLIS, Sem·etary. Benjamin H. Barrows, of Nebraska, to be surveyor of customs· PHILADELPHIA, PA.., December 10, 1906. for the port of Omaha, in the State of Nebraska. (Reappoint­ I appeal to you, brother Senators, as representatives of Amer­ ment.) ican States, to aid us in the continuation. of the struggle for UNITED STATES ATTORNEY. American. institutions in these States of the American Union. Lock 1\IcDaniel-, of Texas, to be United .States attorney for The burden, the hardship~ falls on UE! who live amidst these con­ the southern district of Texas, C'ommencing January 16, 1007, ditions, as it always has and always must. We ask you not to in the place of Marcus C. McLemore, resigned, to take effect allow the apostle Senator fi:om ·utah to retain a seat in this at the close of January 15, 19S7. great body of lawmakers for an enlightened nation. Should you CIRCUIT COURT J1JDGE. do so and thus vote your appro.val of Mormonism and your con­ John T. De Bolt, of Hawaii, to be first judge of the circuit demnation of our efforts, you will make the· fight the harder foP court of the first circuit of the Territory of Hawaii. A reap­ us and for them. We think we are entitled to your earnest poiJ?-tment, his term expiring January 13, 1907. support.. If you will not give this, we demand as our right that the President of the United States cease allowing the power of UNIT.ED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE. his great name and office-to be invoked and made use ·of against Thomas Ives Chatfield, of New York, to be United States dis­ our efforts. . trict judge for the· eastern district of New York, commencing Mormon domination and American Commonwealths can not· January 1, 1907, in the place of Edward B. Thomas, whose res­ exist together undeL' our system of government. One or the ignation will take effect at the close of December 31, 1906. other must be destroyed. The American States will survive in MEMBERS , MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION. om· mountain country. and no President or party, however, great or powerful, can make them long continue subservient to priestly Lieut. Col. William T. Rossell, Corps of Engineers, United rule: States Army, for appointment as member of the Mississippi In 'closing, I warn the Repu.Dlican party not to reenact the River Commission, provided for· by the act of Congress ap­ darkest page of its history when they undertook to place the proved June 28, 1879,. entitled "An act to provide for the negro in control in the South. It has resulted in a solid white appointment of a ' Mississippi River Commission ' for the im­ South against you. If you attempt to put in control of the rwovement of said river from the Head of the Passes near its American citizenship of the Rocky Mountain States this l\Ior­ mouth to its headwaters," to- which office he was appointed mon hierarchy you ·will find your support narrowed in the fu­ during the last recess of the Senate, vice Lieut. Col. James. L. ture to the folfowers of the l\Iormon hierarchy. [Manifestations Lusk, Corps of Engineers, United States Army, relieved. of applause. in the galleries.l Maj_. James G. "·arren,. Corps of Engineers, United States Army,. for appointment as member of the Mississippi River EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY BILL. Commission provided for by the act of Congress approved June During the delivery of Mr. DUBois's speech, 28, 1879, entitled "An act to provide for the appointment of a The VICE-PRESIDENT. The hour of 2 o'clock having ar­ 'Mississippi River Oollllil,i.ssion' for the improvement of said ri\ed, the Ohair lays before tile Senate the unfinished business, river from the Head of- the Passes near its mouth to ns head­ which will be stated by the Secretary. . waters," to which office he was ap_painted during the last recess · The SECRETARY. A bill ( S. 5133) to promote the safety of of the Senate, vice Maj. Thomas L. Oasey, Corps of Engineers,. employees and travelers upon railroads by limiting the hours of liTuited States. Army, relieved. · service of employees thereon. PROMOTIONS IN THE MM1;". Mr. LA FOLLETI'E. 1\fr. President, I ask unanimous con:­ sent that the· unfinished business be temporarily laid n.sirle. CORPS OF ENGINEERS. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senator from Wisconsin asks To be fir·st z{eute-nants. unanimous consent that the unfinished business be temporarily Second Lieut. Roger D. Black, Corps of Engineers, from Sep­ laid aside:- Is there objection.! The Ohair he:.u·s none. It fs tember 17, 1906, vice Wigmore, promoted. so ordered. The- Senator- from Idaho will proceed. Second Lieut. Theodore H. Dillon,. Corps of Engineers, from After .the conclusion of 1\fr. DUBOis's speech, September 26, 1906, vice Putnam, promoted. . 1906. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE . 349

ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT. James W. Patterson, To be colonel. James G.' Littig, William G. McEwan, Lieut. Col. Daniel M. Taylor, Ordnance Department, from William H. Platt, and . November 12, 1906, vice Pitman, retired from active service. George C. Drinen. . To be lieu.tenant-colonel. Col. Robert L. Meade, of the 1\farine Corps, to be a brigadier­ ·Maj. Charles H . Clark, Ordnance Department, from Novem- ·general on the retired list of officers of the Marine Corps, from ber 12, 1906, vice Taylor, promoted. . the 29th day of June, 1906, in accordance ·with a provision con­ To be 1najo1'. tained in t?e naval appropriation act approved on that date. . Capt. Kenneth Morton, Ordnance Department, from Novem­ PROMOTION IN THE NAVY• ber 12! 1906, vice G::lark, promoted. Midshipman Francis J. Cleary to be an ensign in the Navy CAVALRY ARM. from the 3d day of February, 1905, in accordance with the pro­ To be majo1·s. \isions of ~ act of Congress approved June 30, 1906. Capt. Guy Carleton, Thirteenth Cavalry, from October 2, 1906, POSTMASTERS. vice Edwards, Fourth Cavalry promoted. . CALIFORNIA. Capt. Thomas B. Dugan, Twelfth Cavalry, from October 28, John W. 1\Iagee to be postmaster at Chico, in the county of 1906. vice Willcox, Fourth Cavalry, retired from active service. Butte and State.of California, in place of JQhn W. Magee. In­ ARTILLERY CORPS. cumbent's commission expired May 19, 1906. · Stanley Morehead to be postmaster at San Rafael, in the To be captain. county of Marin and State of California, in place of William First Lieut. Louis S. Chappelear, Artillery Corps, from No­ N. Anderson. Incumbent's commission expired March 18, 190G. vember 26, 1906, vice Fariar, detailed as quartermaster. Walter Mundell to be postmaster at ·Sawtelle, in the county To be first Z·ieutenant. of Los Angeles and State of California, in place of Walter H. Second Lieut. William E. Murray, Artillery Corps, from No­ 1\fetcalf, resigned. . vember 26, 1906, vice Chappelear, promoted. COLORADO. R. Lincoln Pence to be postma ter at Ault, in the county of INFANTRY ARM. Weld and State of Colorado. Office· became PresiQ.entiaJ Octo­ To be colonel. ber 1, 1906. Lieut. Col. Edwin B. Bolton, Tenth Infantry, from December L'DIANA. 2, 1906, vice :1\facklin, Fourth Infantry, retired from active John Sharp to be postmaster at Frankton, in the county of service. . Madison and State of Indiana, in place of Howard C. Daugh­ To be lieutenant-colonel. erty. Incumbent's commission expires December 20, 1906. Maj. IIenry B. Moon, Tenth Infantry, from December 2, 1906, IOWA. vice Bolton, Tenth Infanh·y, promoted. LeRoy E. Cox to be pDstmas~er at Belle Plaine, in the county To be majo1·s. of Benton and State of Io,-va, in place of Le Roy E. Cox. In- cumbent's commission expired December 9, 1906. . Capt. Benjamin W. Atkinson, Sixth Infantry, from October Gustavus F. Peek to be postmaster at Algona, in the county 20, 1906, vice Rogers, Fourtb Infa!1b'Y, promoted. of Kussuth and State of Iowa, in place of Gustavus F. Peel,;:. Capt. Benjamin 1\L _Purssell, detailed paymaster, from ·October Incumbent's commission expired December 9-, 1906. 30, 1006, vice Young, Eighteenth Infantry, promoted. Cbarles H. Smith to be postmaster at Marshalltown, in the Capt. Fielder M. M. Beall, Third Infanh·y, from October 31, county of :Marshall and State of Iowa, in place of John Q. Saint. 1906, vice Bullard, TwentY-eighth Infantry, promoted. Incumbent's commission expired June 30, 1906. .. . Capt. Maury Nichols, Third Infantry, from December 2, 190G, vice Moon, Tenth Infantry, promoted.· KAXSA.S. . Jennie R. Reed to be postmaster at Almena; in the county of . .To be captains. Norton and State of Kansa.s. Office bec.'\me Presidential _Oc­ First Lieut. Robert E. Frith, Twenty-ninth Infantry, from tober 1, 1906 . . July 28, 1906, vice Davis, Seventeenth Infantry, detailed as UAJ~"E .. · quartermaster. · Joshua W. Black to be postmaster at Searsport, in the county First Lieut. Samuel T . .Ansell, Eleventh Infantry, from Au­ of ;waldo and State of l\Iaine. Office became Presidential Oc~ gust 7, 1906, vice Walker, Eighth Infantry, retired from active tober 1, 1906. service. Lewis C. Flagg to be' postmaster at Berwick, in the county Of First Lieut. Robert H. Peck, Twenty-fourth Infimtl'Y, from York and State of 1\faine, in place of Lewis C. Flagg. InClun· August 7, 1906, vice Perkins, Eighth Infantry, p"romoted. bent's ,commission expires December 15, 1906. First Lieut. Halsey E. Yates, Fifth Infantry, from August 15, :UICUIGA X. 1906, vice Ely, 'l'wenty-ninth Infantry, · detailed as paymaster. EYerett N. C!a1:k to be postmaster at Wyandotte, in the­ First Lieut. Clement A. Trott, Fifth Infantry, from August 20, county of Wayne and State of Michigan, in place of Everett N. 1906, vice Burnham, Ninth Infantry, promoted. Clark. Incumbent's commission expires December 15, 1906. First Lieut. Wilson B. Burtt, Fifth Infantry, from September Orrin .T. Hoover to be postmaster at Chelsea, in the county of 11, 1906, vice Arrasmith, Eighteenth Infantry, promoted. Washtenaw and State. of Michigan, in place of Orrin T. Hoover. First Lieut. Walter S. Brown, Tenth Infantry, from Septem: Incumbent's commission. expires December 15, 1906. ber 12, 1906, vice Gl-idden, Twenty-fifth Infantry, resigned. · Milo N. Johnson to be postmaster at Northville, in the county Under the provisions of an act of Congress approved April 23, of Wayne and State of Michigan, in place of Milo N. Johnson. 1904, I nominate Col. James E. Macklin, United States Army, Incumbent's commission expired December 10, 1906. retired, to be placed on the retired list of the Army, with the Charles H. Pulver to be postmaster at Dundee, in the county rank of brigadier-general from December 2, 1906. of Monroe and State of Michigan, in place of Charles H. Pulver. Under the provisions of an act of Congress approved April 23, Incumbent's commission expired December 10, 1006. 1904, I nominate Col. George P. Borden, Twenty-fourth Infanh·y, to be placed on the retired list of the Army, with the rank of 1\"EBP.ASKA. brigadier-general from the date on which he shall be retired 0. K. Paddock to be postmaster at South Omaha; in the county from active service. of Douglas and State of Nebraska, in place of Frederick J." I nominate the following-named officers on the retired list of Etter, deceased. the Navy to be advanced from the 29th day of June, 1906, to the Alfred II. Thomas to be postmaster at Trenton, in the county rank and retired pay of one grade above that actually held by of Hitchcock and· State of Nebraska. Office became Presiden· them at the time of their retirement, as indicated, in accordance tial October 1, 1906. with a provision · contained in the naval appropriation act ap­ 1\'EW YORK. proved June 29, 1906. Frank B. Barnard to be postmaster at Dunkirk, in the county of Chautauqua and State of New York, in place of Frank B. Assistant enginee1·s 1.vith the rank of lieutenant (junior grade) Barnard. Incumbent's commission expired December 9, 1900. to be passed assistant engineers with the 'rank of lieutenant Adolph Bluestone to be postmaster at Canaseraga, in the (junim· grade) on the 1·eti1·ea list. county of Allegany and State of New York, in place of Adolph Henry D. Sellman, . Bluestone. Incumbent's commission expired :Qecember 9, 1906. Alexander H. Price, Samuel R. Riley_to be postmaster at Broru..'Yille, in the county Joseph S: Greene, of 'Vestchester and State of New York, in place of Anna V. -T. Daniel A. Sawyer,· Smith, resigned. 35U CONGRESSIONAL JlECORD-SENAT~. DECEl\iBER 13;

Frederick R. Smith to be postmaster at Norwood, in the DEPUTY AUDITOR FOR THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. county of St. Lawrence and State of New York, ·in place of James B. Belt, of Maryland, to be Deputy Auditor for the Frederick R. Smith. Incumbent's commission expires Decem­ Interior Department. ber 20, 1906. Selah -H. Van Duzer·to be postmaster at Horseheads, in the CHIEF OF BUREAU OF YARDS AND DOCKS. county of .Chemung arid State of New York, in place of Selah Civil Engineer Harry II. Rousseau, United States Navy, to be H. Van Duzer. Incumbent's commission expires December 20; Chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks, in the Department of ·1906. the Navy, with the rank of rear-admiral, from the 5th day of Edward Williams to be postmaster at Granville, in the January, 1907. county of Washington and State of New York, in place of John REGISTERS OF LAND OFFICES. G. Williams. Incumbent's commission expires February 16, James J. Donovan, of Michigan, to be register of the land 1907. office at Marquette, Mich. PE X~SYLV .A..:."'f Sweetwater and State of 'Vyoming, in place of Willis F. Commander Albert Mertz to be a captain in the Navy from Hoadley, resigned. • the 2d day of November, 1906. Lieut. James F. Carter to be a lieutenant-commander in the CONFIRMATIONS.' Navy from the 2d day of Jun·e, 1906. . Ea:eciLtive nomi1zations confirmed by the Senate December 13, Lieut. David Van H. Allen to be a lieutenant-commander . in 1906. . the Navy from the lOth day of October, 1906. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSIONER. Asst. Surg. Winfield S. Pugh to be a passed assi~tant surgeon ·in the Navy from the 23d day of September, 1906, upon the Jolm Avery· Mcilhenny, of Louisiana, to be a Civil Service completion of three years' service in his present grade. _ Commissioner. The following-named assistant surgeons to be passed assistant COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY. surgeons in the Navy from the 12th day of October, 1906, upon William B: ·Ridgely, of Illinois, to ~e Comptroller of the Cur- the completion of three ,years' service in their present grade: rency. Elwin C. Taylor. I "TERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSIONERS. Franklin E. Campbell. Edgar E. Clark, of Iowa, to be an Interstate Commerce Com- James E. Gill. mi sioner for the term ending December 31, 1912. · Isaac S. K. Reeves. Judson C. Clements, of Georgia, to be ~n Interstate Commerce PROMOTIONS IN THE MARINE CORPS. Commissioner for the term of seven years from January 1, 1907. The following-named officers on the retired list of the Marine James S. Harlan, of Illinois, to be an Interstate Commerce C01;ps to be advanced from the 29th day of June, 1906, to the Commissioner for the term ending December 31, 19p. . rank and retired pay of one grade above that actually held by MARSHAL. them at the time of their retirement, as indicated, in accordance . Eugene L. Lewis, of Ohio, who was appointed during the last with a provision contained in the naval appropriation act ap­ recess of the Senate, to be United States marshal for the south­ proved June 29, 1906 : ern district of Ohio. Col. William S. Muse, United States Marine Corps, to be a ASSISTANT APPRAISER OF MERCHANDISE. bl'igadier-general on the retired list of the Marine Corps. Charles R. Skinher, of New York, to _be assistant appraiser of Majs. Augustus S. Nicholson and Erastus R. Robinson, United merchandise .in the district of New York, in the State of New States Marine Corps, to be lieutenant-colonels on the retired list York. of the Marine Corps. CONSULS. Capts. Frederick H. Corrie, Frank D. Webster, and Archibald ~. Taylor, lJnited States Marine Corps, to be J;Dajors on the re­ Hilary S. Brunot, of Pennsylvania, lately consul of class 8 at tired list of the Marine Corps. St. Etienne, to be consul of the United States of class 8 at Jeres Second Lieut. Edward R. Miller, United States Marine Corps, de Ja Frontera, Spain. to be a first lieutenant on the retired list of the Marine Corps. William H. Hunt, of New York, lately consul of class 8 at Tamatave, to be consul of the United States of class 8 at St. POSTMASTERS. ·Etienne, E'rance. . ARKANSAS. Felix S. S. Johnson, of New Jersey, lately consul of class 8 at Edward Hall to be postmaster at Stuttgart, in the county of · Puerto Cortes, to be consul of the United States of class 8 at Arkansas and State of Arkansas. Bergen, Norway. COLORADO. Augustus G. Seyfert, of Pennsylvania, lately consul of class Wesley A. Martin to be postmaster at 1\Iancos, in the county 8 at Matamoros, to be consul of the United States of class 8 of Montezuma and State of Colorado. at Collingwood, Ontario, Canada. Daniel W. Stone to be postmaster at Trinidad, in the county of Las Animas and State of Colorado. ASSISTANT COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS. CONNECTICUT. Frank F. Patterson, of New Jersey, to be assistant collector Frank 1\I. Buckland to be postmaster at West Hartford, in the of customs for the port of -Camden, N. J., in the district of c-ounty of Hartford and State of Connecticut. Philadelphia, in the State of P ennsylvania. James Graham to be postmaster at Taftville, in the county of ASSISTA T TREASURER OF TilE UNITED STATES. New London and State of Connecticut. Clarence C. Pusey, of Maryland, to be assistant treasurer Bradlev S. Keith to be postmaster at Norwalk. in the couPty of the United States at Baltimore, Md. of Fairfield nnd Stute of Connecticut. 19'06 . . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 351

Charles W. lllun inger to · be postmaster at Coscob, in the MICHrG.A.N. cOlmty of Fairfield and State of Connecticut. James W. Bedell to be postmaster at Wakefield, in the county ll'LORrDA. of Gogebic and State of Michigan. Louis C. Lynch to be postmaster at Gainesville, in the county Marg.aret Duncan to- be postmaster at Au Sable, in tlle county of Alachua and State of Florida. of Iosco and State of Michigan. ' Josephus C. Mustard to be postmaster at Scottville, in the IDAHO. county of Mason and State of Michigan. Julia Conners to be postmaster at l\Iullan, in the county of C. Guy Perry to be postmaster at Lowell, in the county of Sho bone and State of Idaho. Kent and State of Michigan. Fred Evans to be postmaster at Burke, in the county of Sho­ Leonard M. Sellers to be postmaster at Cedar Springs, in the shone and State of Idaho. county of Kent and Stato. of Michigan. W. II. Greenbow to be postmaster at Twin Falls, in the county of Cassia and State of Idaho. MIN~'"ESOT..A.. William D. Hale to be postmaster at Minneapolis, in the ILLI~OIS . county of Hennepin and State of Minnesota. 0 . James Burton to be postmaster at Dahlgren, in the county Frank H. Kratka to be postmaster at Thlef River Falls, in of Hamilton and! State of Illinois. the county of Red Lake and State of Minnesota. in James S. Courtright to be postmaster at Normal, the A. 0. Lea to be postmaster at New Richland, in the corrnty of county of :McLean and State of Illinois. Charl€.8 S. Randolph to be pvstmaster at Ipava, in the county Waseca and State of Minnesota. of Fulton and State of Ulinois. MISSOURI • • Andrew J . Seibert to be postmaster at Ste. Genevieve, in the I~DIANL county of Ste. G~nevieve and State· of Missouri. John c: Fudge to be postmaster at Dunkirk, in the county of Jay and State of Indiana. . l:'."EBTIASKA • William. H . Gostlin to be postmaster at Hammond, in the .Frank McCartney to be postmaster at Nebraska G.ity, in the county of Lake and State of Indiana. county of Otoe and State of Nebraska. · Orner Guyton to be postmaster at Cambridge City, in the William A. Price to be postmaster at Laurel', in the courify of coimty of Wayne and State of Indiana. Cedar and State of Nebraska. Winfield S. Keith to be postmaster at Bicknell, in the county Edward B. Richardson to be postmaster at Ulysses, in the of Knox: and State of Indiana. · county of Butler and State of Nebraska. Andrew l\Iorrissey to be postmaster · at Notre Dame, in the. NEW YORK. county of St. Josepll and State of Indiana. George D: Genung to be pqstmaster at Waverly, in the county William E. Netherton to be postmaster at Winamac, in tlle of Tioga and State of New York.