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1080238058.Pdf UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE NUEVO LEÓN FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS IDENTIFICACIÓN DE COMPUESTOS DE Pachycereus marginatus (DC.) Britton & Rose E Ibervillea sonorae (Watson) CON ACTIVIDAD CITOTÓXICA CONTRA EL LINFOMA MURINO L5178Y-R POR QBP MARIO ÁNGEL SAMANIEGO ESCAMILLA COMO REQUISITO PARCIAL PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS CON ACENTUACIÓN EN QUÍMICA DE PRODUCTOS NATURALES JULIO, 2016 UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE NUEVO LEÓN FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS IDENTIFICACIÓN DE COMPUESTOS DE Pachycereus marginatus (DC.) Britton & Rose E Ibervillea sonorae (Watson) CON ACTIVIDAD CITOTÓXICA CONTRA EL LINFOMA MURINO L5178Y-R Por QBP MARIO ÁNGEL SAMANIEGO ESCAMILLA Como requisito parcial para obtener el Grado de DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS con Acentuación en Química de Productos Naturales Julio, 2016 IDENTIFICACIÓN DE COMPUESTOS DE Pachycereus marginatus (DC.) Britton & Rose E Ibervillea sonorae (Watson) CON ACTIVIDAD CITOTÓXICA CONTRA EL LINFOMA MURINO L5178Y-R Comité de Tesis ____________________________________________ Dr. Ramiro Quintanilla Licea Director ___________________________________________ Dr. Ricardo Alberto Gómez Flores Secretario ___________________________________________ Dra. María Julia Verde Star Vocal ___________________________________________ Dra. Azucena Oranday Cárdenas Vocal ___________________________________________ Dra. Catalina Rivas Morales Vocal IDENTIFICACIÓN DE COMPUESTOS DE Pachycereus marginatus (DC.) Britton & Rose E Ibervillea sonorae (Watson) CON ACTIVIDAD CITOTÓXICA CONTRA EL LINFOMA MURINO L5178Y-R Dirección de Tesis ____________________________________________ Dr. Ramiro Quintanilla Licea Director ___________________________________________ Dr. Ricardo Alberto Gómez Flores Co-Director DEDICATORIA Dedico este trabajo a las personas más importantes de mi vida: mis padres, familiares y amigos. I AGRADECIMIENTOS A mis padres por su confianza e incondicional apoyo durante toda mi vida. Al Dr. Ramiro Quintanilla Licea y al Dr. Ricardo Alberto Gómez Flores por su asesoría para la realización de la presente investigación. A la Dras. María Julia Verde Star, Azucena Oranday Cárdenas y Catalina Rivas Morales por sus enseñanzas para mi formación en el área de Química de Productos Naturales. Al Dr. Sergio Galindo Rodríguez por su apoyo para la realización de los espectros de IR-ATR, y al M.C. Sergio García González por sus importantes observaciones. A los compañeros del Laboratorio de Fitoquímica: Dr. Aldo Fabio Bazaldúa Rodríguez, QBP Isvar Kavim Ángeles Hernández y Dr. Rolando Morado Castillo por sus valiosos consejos, así como a los colegas del Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología: M.C. Humberto Carlos Hernández Martínez y QBP Enriqueta Monreal Cuevas por su asesoría en la elaboración de las pruebas biológicas. A la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León por el apoyo a los proyectos PAICYT CN- 422-10 y CN-662-11 otorgados al Dr. Ramiro Quintanilla Licea Al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) por la beca otorgada a un servidor (No. de CVU: 419801) para la realización de este doctorado. II TABLA DE CONTENIDO DEDICATORIA ........................................................................................................................................... I AGRADECIMIENTOS ............................................................................................................................... II LISTA DE TABLAS .................................................................................................................................. III LISTA DE FIGURAS ................................................................................................................................. V NOMENCLATURA .................................................................................................................................. XI RESUMEN .............................................................................................................................................. XIV ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................. XV 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................................................... 1 2. HIPÓTESIS .............................................................................................................................................. 3 3. OBJETIVOS ............................................................................................................................................ 4 3.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL ........................................................................................................................... 4 3.2 OBJETIVOS PARTICULARES ................................................................................................................. 4 4. ANTECEDENTES ................................................................................................................................... 5 4.1 CÁNCER .............................................................................................................................................. 5 4.2 EL ROL DE LAS PLANTAS EN LA MEDICINA MODERNA ......................................................................... 7 4.3 PLANTAS SELECCIONADAS PARA ESTE ESTUDIO ................................................................................ 16 4.3.1 Pachycereus marginatus........................................................................................................... 16 4.3.2 Ibervillea sonorae ..................................................................................................................... 17 4.4 LINFOMA L5178Y-R. ....................................................................................................................... 20 5. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS .............................................................................................................. 21 5.1 COLECTA Y EXTRACCIÓN DE PLANTAS EN ESTUDIO. ......................................................................... 21 5.1.1 Colecta e identificación del material vegetal. ........................................................................... 21 5.1.2 Preparación del material vegetal ............................................................................................... 21 5.1.3 Extracción Soxhlet .................................................................................................................... 22 5.1.4 Extracción líquido-líquido ........................................................................................................ 23 5.2 AISLAMIENTO DE COMPUESTOS CON ACTIVIDAD CITOTÓXICA SOBRE EL LINFOMA L5178Y-R ......... 24 5.2.1 Cromatografía en columna de Sílica gel ................................................................................... 24 5.2.2 Cromatografía por exclusión molecular con Sephadex LH-20 ................................................. 26 5.2.3 Cromatografía en capa fina (CCF) ........................................................................................... 27 5.2.4 Cristalización ............................................................................................................................ 29 5.3 EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD CITOTÓXICA .................................................................................. 30 5.3.1 Preparación de Tratamientos .................................................................................................... 30 5.3.2 Linfoma L5178Y-R .................................................................................................................. 30 5.3.3 Método de viabilidad celular y evaluación de la actividad citotóxica ...................................... 31 5.4 ANÁLISIS ESPECTROSCÓPICO ............................................................................................................ 32 5.4.1 Espectroscopía de Infrarrojo ..................................................................................................... 32 5.4.2 Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear................................................................... 33 5.4.3 Experimento COSY (Correlation Spectroscopy) ...................................................................... 35 5.4.4 Experimento HMBC (Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation Spectroscopy) ..................... 36 5.5 DETERMINACIÓN DE PUNTO DE FUSIÓN ............................................................................................. 37 6. RESULTADOS ...................................................................................................................................... 38 6.1 RECOLECCIÓN DE LAS PLANTAS E IDENTIFICACIÓN ........................................................................... 38 6.2 PACHYCEREUS MARGINATUS ............................................................................................................... 38 6.2.1 Extracción consecutiva de Pachycereus marginatus ................................................................ 38 6.2.1.1 Fraccionamiento del extracto hexánico de P. marginatus ................................................. 39 6.2.1.1.1 Columnas 1-10 del extracto hexánico ........................................................................ 39 6.2.1.1.2 Cristalización de la FSC2 (de columnas 1-10) ........................................................... 43 6.2.1.1.3 Columna 11. Fraccionamiento de las aguas madres de la FSC2
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