MICHAEL ALLEN NOWAK

247 Hampstead St. 77 Massachusetts Ave. Methuen, MA 01844 NE83-563 (978) 681-5478, (978) 609-4599 (cell) Cambridge, MA 02139 Internet: [email protected] (617) 253-1366, Fax: (617) 253-8084

Research Interests Observational and Theoretical High Energy Astrophysics of Neutron Stars, Galactic Black Holes, and Active Galactic Nuclei; Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics and Accretion Physics

Education 9/87 – 8/92 Stanford University, Stanford, CA M.S., Ph.D., Physics 9/83 – 6/87 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA S.B., Physics

Positions Deputy Group Lead, Science Data Systems, CXC-MIT 1/06 – Present Research Scientist, Chandra X-ray Science Center, MIT 9/01 – 12/05 Visiting Researcher, Dept. of Astronomy, Yale University 9/00 – 9/01 Postdoctoral Fellow & Lecturer, JILA & Dept. of APS, U. of Colorado 8/94 – 8/00 Postdoctoral Fellow, Canadian Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics 9/92 – 8/94

Professional Service Suzaku Satellite Users Group — Past member; co-wrote two Senior Review reports Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Users Group — Past member; co-wrote five Senior Review reports; three times spoke at the NASA Review of Current Missions and Programs NASA Senior Review of Archives — Panelist/reviewer for the 2008 Committee Review Panels — Reviewer for National Science Foundation (NSF), NASA Long Term Space Astrophysics (LTSA), Astrophysics Data Program (ADP), NASA Research Fel- lowship, Chandra Guest Observer, XMM Guest Observer programs; Panel Chair for Astrophysics Theory (ATP), NuSTAR Guest Observer, Swift Guest Observer, Suzaku Guest Observer, & RXTE Guest Observer programs

National and International Collaborations Arcus (www.arcusxray.org)— High Resolution X-ray Grating Spectrometer, in Phase A Study for the NASA Explorers Program — Member of the Science Definition Team Spectroscopic Time Resolving Observatory for Broadband Energy X-rays (STROBE-X) — Member of the Science Working Group Lorentz Center — Co-organized a week-long workshop, “A New View of Accretion onto Sgr A*,” (Jan. 2013, Leiden, the Netherlands) Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) — Co-organized a multi-day symposium event, “Accretion on Compact Objects and Fast Phenomena in the Multiwavelength Era,” at the 38th COSPAR Assembly (2010, Bremen, Germany) Recent Talks

08/17 “The Ultra-fast Outflows of PG 1211+143” 16th HEAD Meeting, Sun Valley, ID 06/17 “4U 1957+11: Low Mass, Maximal Kerr Black Hole, The X-ray Universe 2017, or Neutron Star?” Rome, Italy 11/16 “Low Luminosity AGN and NGC 4258” NuSTAR Science Meeting, Pasadena, CA 06/16 “Leveraging High Resolution Spectroscopy to Understand XMM: The Next Decade, the Disk and Relativistic Iron Line of Cygnus X-1” Madrid Spain 02/16 “Are Black Holes as Simple as They Used to Be?” BU Colloquium, Boston, MA 08/14 “Hunting for the Variable Iron Line in NGC 4258” 14th HEAD Meeting, Chicago, Illinois 06/14 “The Quiescent Neutron Star and Hierarchical The X-ray Universe 2014, Triple, 4U 2129+47” Dublin, Ireland

Teaching Experience High School Level: Boston and Colorado Area 2006 – Present Judge for the high school science fair Boston Regional and Massachusetts State finals. Referee for the Massachusetts high school “Science Bowl”. Occasional volunteer for “Citi- zens Schools” (www.citizenschools.org/massachusetts). I routinely give presentations about the Chandra satellite and lead tours of our lab facilities for middle and high school students (≈ 200 students each summer), and for the general public during the MIT “Inde- pendent Activities Period” (IAP; each January). I am a “telementor” for Colorado high school students (www.mentoredpathways.org). MIT 2005 – 2008 Mentored for “The Chandra Astrophysics Institute”, a program to introduce astrophysical concepts to students via interactive learning and hands-on data analysis. I designed several of the analysis projects and tutored student groups over the course of their projects. Each year, the program culminated with a public presentation by the students. Undergraduate Level: MIT 1987; 2003 – Present Co-taught an intensive Freshman level Classical Mechanics course for non-majors during MIT’s Independent Activity Period; tutor for Freshman Electricity and Magnetism. I supervise undergraduate student research projects (e.g., Trowbridge et al. 2007). I have guest lectured for the senior-level Topics in Astrophysics seminar course (8.971) on astrophysical black holes (Spring 2007), and on radiation processes (Fall 2007). Dominican College (Orangeburg, New York) 2000 I designed and taught the final 3 weeks of an introductory astronomy survey course. University of Colorado 1999 I guest lectured for Prof. Mitchell Begelman’s (non-majors) course on black holes. Stanford University 1990 – 1992 Several times I was a Recitation Instructor for Freshman year Classical Mechanics and Electricity and Magnetism, as well as for the Astronomy survey course for non-majors. Each course required preparing a weekly one hour recitation section, holding office hours, and the latter course duties included organizing night visits to the student observatory. Graduate Level: International 2009 – Present I have prepared lectures for and mentored graduate students in hands-on X-ray data analysis projects at two COSPAR Capacity Workshops, one in Jiangsu Province (2013; 35 students from China, India, and Turkey), and one in Viedma, Argentina (2017; 26 students from across South America). My most recent lecture materials can be found at: http://donfaca.wixsite.com/cospar-viedma2017/talks-projects In January 2014, I gave a similar set of lectures in Pune, India to graduate students and postdoctoral fellows who planned to work with the Indian Astrosat UV/X-ray satellite. I have facilitated interactive learning and lead hands-on tutorials on X-ray data analysis at the 1st & 2nd Summer Schools on Multiwavelength Astronomy. Students from 20 different countries and 5 different continents participated. My lecture materials can be found via: http://www.black-hole.eu/index.php/schools-workshops-and-conferences I also taught at a workshop on “High-resolution X-ray spectroscopic software and tools” in Madrid, Spain (Spring 2016): http://delphineporquet.wixsite.com/x-raytools Chandra X-ray Science Center 2003 – Present As part of my responsibilities with the Chandra X-ray Science Center (CXC), I participate in workshops and summer schools wherein we teach graduate students and postdocs the basics of X-ray astronomy, as well as how to use our satellite software. I give lectures on the physics of X-ray binaries and the use of data analysis software. Samples of my lecture materials can be found via: http://cxc.harvard.edu/xrayschool/program.html Additionally, we assist students with hands-on data analysis exercises. Two exercises that I wrote (“Spectral Analysis of High Resolution X-ray Binary Data”, and “Timing Analysis of X-ray Lightcurves”) can be found at: http://cxc.harvard.edu/xrayschool/analysis/index.html Yale University 2000 I guest lectured one week for the High Energy Astrophysics graduate course. University of Colorado 1994 – 2000 I designed and taught a full semester course on High Energy Astrophysics (Spring 1997). Topics included: Compton and synchrotron radiation processes; shockwaves and Fermi acceleration; accretion disk structure; galactic binaries and AGN; neutron stars and pul- sars; gamma-ray bursters. I co-organized a graduate seminar course on black hole physics (Spring 1999), and frequently lectured for the Astrophysical Processes course (1994 – 2000). Stanford University 1992 I was a grader and substitute lecturer for an introductory course on General Relativity. Principal Investigator Grants and Proposals

28. “NuSTAR Observations of the Low Luminosity AGN NGC 4258,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: Christopher Reynolds (Maryland), Sera Markoff (Amsterdam), Victoria Grinberg (MIT), Kendrah Murphy (Skidmore) NuSTAR Guest Observer Program, 2015.

27. “What is the Orbital Period of the Hierarchical Triple Candidate 4U 2129+47?,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: Mathias K¨uhnel,J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Victoria Grinberg (MIT), Katja Pottschmidt (GSFC) Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2014-2015.

26. “Probing Black Hole Disk Atmospheres with EPIC/RGS Observations of 4U 1957+11,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: Norbert Schulz (MIT), Joey Neilsen (Boston University), J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), XMM-Newton Guest Observer Program, 2013.

25. “Leveraging High Resolution Spectra to Understand the Disk and Relativistic Iron Line of Cygnus X-1,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: Norbert Schulz (MIT), J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Katja Pottschmidt (GSFC), NASA Astrophysics Data Program, 2012-2015.

24. “A Further Drop into Quiescence by the Neutron Star and Possible Hierarchical Triple 4U 2129+47,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: Deepto Chakrabarty (MIT), Enrico Bozzo (ISDC), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2011-2012.

23. “4U 1957+11: The Most Rapidly Spinning Galactic Black Hole?,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Norbert Schulz, Li Ji (MIT), Jon Miller, Dipankar Maitra (U. Michigan), Suzaku Guest Observer Program, 2010-2011.

22. “Hunting for the Variable Iron Line in NGC 4258,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: Christopher S. Reynolds (U. Maryland), Kendrah Murphy (Skidmore), J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Norbert Schulz (MIT), Suzaku Guest Observer Program, 2010-2011.

21. “Deep Chandra Observations of the Black Hole LMC X-1,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: J¨ornWilms, Manfred Hanke (Bamberg), Norbert Schulz, Claude Canizares, Ron Remil- lard (MIT), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2009-2010.

20. “Cyg X-1 Viewed Outside of its Secondary’s Wind,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: J¨ornWilms, Manfred Hanke (Bamberg), Norbert Schulz, Claude Canizares (MIT), Katja Pottschmidt (GSFC) Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2009-2010.

19. “4U 1957+11: The Most Rapidly Spinning Black Hole?,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Norbert Schulz, Li Ji (MIT) Suzaku Guest Observer Program, 2009-2010.

18. “Continuing to Enhance the Long Term Monitoring Campaign of Cygnus X-1 in the Suzaku Era,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: Deepto Chakrabarty (MIT), Sera Markoff (U. Amsterdam), J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Katja Pottschmidt (UC San Diego), Paolo Coppi (Yale), Guy Pooley (Cambridge) Suzaku Guest Observer Program, 2008-2009.

17. “The Eclipsing System 4U 2129+47: A Powerful Probe of Emission Mechanisms of Quiescent Neutron Stars,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: Norbert Schulz (MIT), J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), XMM-Newton Guest Observer Program, 2007-2008.

16. “Continuing to Enhance the Long Term Monitoring Campaign of Cygnus X-1 in the Suzaku Era,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: Deepto Chakrabarty (MIT), Sera Markoff (U. Amsterdam), J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Katja Pottschmidt (UC San Diego), Paolo Coppi (Yale), Guy Pooley (Cambridge) Suzaku Guest Observer Program, 2007-2008. 15. “The Definitive Chandra Observations of NGC 4258,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: Claude Canizares, Andrew Young, John Houck (MIT), James Chiang (Stanford), Sera Markoff (U. Amsterdam), J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Christopher Reynolds (U. Maryland), Lincoln Green- hill (SAO) Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2006-2007. 14. “Enhancing the Long Term Monitoring Campaign of Cygnus X-1 in the Suzaku Era,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: Deepto Chakrabarty (MIT), Sera Markoff (U. Amsterdam), J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Katja Pottschmidt (UC San Diego), Paolo Coppi (Yale), Guy Pooley (Cambridge) Suzaku Guest Observer Program, 2006-2007. 13. “Resolving the Fe Line, Warm Absorber, and Scattering Halo of GX 339−4 with Joint Chan- dra/RXTE Observations,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: Adrienne Juett (UVa), Nor- bert Schulz (MIT), Robert Fender (U. Amsterdam), J¨ornWilms (U. Warwick), Sera Markoff (MIT), Tom Maccarone (U. Amsterdam), Elena Gallo (U. Amsterdam), Chandra Guest Ob- server Program, 2004-2005. 12. “The Winds of Warps,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: Phil Maloney (UC Boulder), J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen),Norbert Schulz (MIT), Jose Torrej´on(U. Alicante), Jon Miller (CfA), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 2003-2004. 11. “Accretion Geometry in Galactic Black Holes,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: J¨orn Wilms (IAA-T¨ubingen), NSF/DAAD: US-Germany Cooperative Research Program, 2003-2004. 10. “XMM/RXTE Observations of GX 339-4,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: J¨ornWilms, Markus Kuster (IAA-T¨ubingen),Stephane Corbel (CEA-Saclay), Robert Fender (University of Amsterdam), Paolo Coppi, Charles Bailyn (Yale), XMM-Newton Guest Observation Program, 2002-2003. 9. “RXTE/XMM Observations of GX 339-4,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), CoIs: J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen),Stephane Corbel (CEA-Saclay), Robert Fender (University of Amsterdam), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 2001-2003. 8. “4U 2129+47: From ADIOS to ADAF or Isolated Neutron Star?,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (Eureka), CoIs: Sebastian Heinz (Max-Planck), Mitchell C. Begelman (JILA), Chandra Guest Observation Program, 2000-2001. 7. “Simultaneous RXTE-XMM Observations of GX 339−4: a Galactic Seyfert 1?,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (JILA), CoIs: Stephane Corbel (Saclay), J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen),James Dove (Metro-Denver), Robert Fender (Amsterdam), Charles Bailyn (Yale), James Chiang (UM- Baltimore County), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 1999-2001. 6. “Catching the Tail of V1408 Aql (4U 1957+115),” PI: Michael A. Nowak (JILA), CoI: J¨orn Wilms (IAA-T¨ubingen), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 1999-2000. 5. “Spectral and Temporal Properties of Black Hole Candidates,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (JILA), CoIs: Mitchell C. Begelman (JILA), Greg M. Madejski (GSFC), NASA Long Term Space Astrophysics Program, 1995-2000. 4. “Multiwavelength Monitoring of the Unique Black Hole Candidate GX 339−4,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (JILA), CoIs: J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen), James Dove (U. Wyoming), Robert Fender (Amsterdam), Charles Bailyn (Yale), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 1998-1999. 3. “Multiwavelength Monitoring of the Unique Black Hole Candidate GX 339−4,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (JILA), CoIs: J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen), James Dove (U. Wyoming), Robert Fender (Amsterdam), Charles Bailyn (Yale), ASCA Guest Observer Program, 1998-1999.

2. “Testing the ‘Strong ADAF’ Principle with RXTE Observations of NGC 4258,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (JILA), CoIs: Christopher Reynolds (JILA), Phillip Maloney (CASA), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 1998-1999.

1. “The Physics of Optically Thick and ‘Quiescent’ Accretion Disks,” PI: Michael A. Nowak (JILA), CoIs: Robert Wagoner (Stanford), Will Zhang (GSFC), RXTE Guest Observer Pro- gram, 1998.

Co-Investigator Grants and Proposals

75. “Arcus: Exploring the Formation and Evolution of Clusters, Galaxies and Stars,” PI: Randall Smith (Harvard-CfA), NASA Explorers Program, Phase A Study, 2017-2018.

74. “The Dependence of AGN Properties on Inclination Angle,” PI: Kendrah Murphy (Skidmore College), CoI: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2017-2018.

73. “Probing Radiatively Ineffecient Accretion Flows in the Neutron Star X-ray Binary System Aquila X-1 During its Low Intensity State,” PI: Dipankar Maitra (Wheaton Colleg), CoIs: Charles Bailyn (Yale University), Michael A. Nowak, Victoria Grinberg (MIT), J. Scarpaci (Wheaton College), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2017-2018.

72. “A Blast from the Past: Exploring the Supernova Remnant of Circinus X-1, the Youngest Known X-ray Binary,” PI: Sebastian Heinz (University of Wisconsin), CoIs: Neil Brandt (Penn State), Michael A. Nowak, Norbert Schulz (MIT), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2017- 2018.

71. “Investigating New INTEGRAL Sources with Chandra,” PI: Ada Paizis (IDAI, Milano), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Sylvain Chaty, Jerome Rodriguez (CEA Saclay), Melania Del Santo (INAF Roma), Jerome Chenevez (Danish Space Research Insti- tute), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2017-2018.

70. “What is Where? Using Eclipses to Probe Physical Conditions Along the Jet in SS 433,” PI: Dipankar Maitra (Wheaton College), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak, Herman Marshall, Norbert Schulz (MIT), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2017-2018.

69. “Investigating New INTEGRAL Sources with Chandra,” PI: Ada Paizis (IDAI, Milano), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Sylvain Chaty, Jerome Rodriguez (CEA Saclay), Melania Del Santo (INAF Roma), Jerome Chenevez (Danish Space Research Insti- tute), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2016-2017.

68. “Probing Radiatively Ineffecient Accretion Flows in the Neutron Star X-ray Binary System Aquila X-1 During its Low Intensity State,” PI: Dipankar Maitra (Wheaton Colleg), CoIs: Charles Bailyn (Yale University), Michael A. Nowak, Victoria Grinberg (MIT), J. Scarpaci (Wheaton College), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2016-2017.

67. “Radial Density Profile and Onset of Clumping in the Stellar Wind of an O6Ia Star,” PI: Jose Torr´ejon(Alicante), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak, Norbert Schulz (MIT), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2015-2016. 66. “Investigating New INTEGRAL Sources with Chandra,” PI: Ada Paizis (IDAI, Milano), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Sylvain Chaty, Jerome Rodriguez (CEA Saclay), Melania Del Santo (INAF Roma), Jerome Chenevez (Danish Space Research Insti- tute), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2015-2016. 65. “Understanding the Core Emission in the Nearby Radio-Loud AGN Centaurus A,” PI: Alex Markowitz (UC San Diego), CoI: Christina Graefe, Felix Krauss, J¨ornWilms, Tobias Beachert, Tomas Dauser (Bamberg), Cornelia M¨uller,Matthias Kadler (Wurzburg), Felix F¨urst(Cal- tech), Michael A. Nowak (MIT), Richard Rothschild (UC San Diego), Javier Garcia (CfA), Katja Pottschmidt (GSFC) NuSTAR Guest Observer Program, 2015. 64. “ Hunting for the Source of Variability in the Stellar Mass Black Hole LMC X-1,” PI: J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), CoIs: Katja Pottschmidt, Padi Boyd (GSFC), Felix F¨urst,Brian Grefenstette, Trevor Torpin (Caltech), John Tomsick (Berkeley), Michael A. Nowak, Victoria Grinberg (MIT), Ingo Kreykenbohm, Thomas Dauser, Mathias K¨uhnel(Bamberg), David Smith (Santa Cruz) NuSTAR Guest Observer Program, 2015. 63. “A Long Look at NGC 3783 with Chandra/HETG and NuSTAR,” PI: Laura Brenneman (SAO), CoIs: Christopher Reynolds (Maryland), Michael A. Nowak (MIT), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2015-2016. 62. “X-Ray Investigation of the Most Luminous OB Association in the Galaxy,” PI: Mubdi Rahman (Johns Hopkins University), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), Christopher Matzner, Dae-Sik Moon, Norman Murray (University of Toronto), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2014-2015. 61. “The Very Unusual γ-ray Source PMN J1603-4904 and its Neighbors,” PI: Roopesh Ojha (GSFC)), CoIs: C. M¨uller,Thomas Dauser, C. Graefe, Uli Heber, Felix Krauss, A. Kreijen- bohm, J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Alex MArkowitz (UCSD), Michael A. Nowak (MIT), Mathias B¨ock (MP¡IFR), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2014-2015. 60. “An X-ray, UV, and radio probe of the PG 1211+143 inflow-outflow dynamics,” PI: Julia C. Lee (Harvard University), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak, Herman Marshall (MIT), Gerard Kriss, Kenneth Sembach (STSCI), Taotao Fang (UC Irvine), Martin Hardcastle (University of Hertfordshire), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2014-2015. 59. “Diffuse Extended Emission in Centaurus A: The Best Case with which to Study AGN/Host Galaxy Interaction,” PI: Alex Markowitz (UCSD), CoIs: C. Gr¨afe,Nathalie Hel, Felix Krauss, Carl M¨uller,J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Victoria Grinberg, Michael A. Nowak (MIT), Kendrah Murphy (Skidmore), Rick Rothschild (UCSD), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2014-2015. 58. “The Evolution of Disk Winds with X-ray Spectral States in Neutron Star Low Mass X- ray Binaries,” PI: Victoria Grinberg (MIT), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak, Norbert S. Schulz, Jeroen Homan (MIT), Joey Neilsen (Boston University), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2014-2015. 57. “Investigating New INTEGRAL Sources with Chandra,” PI: Ada Paizis (IDAI, Milano), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Sylvain Chaty, Jerome Rodriguez (CEA Saclay), Melania Del Santo (INAF Roma), Jerome Chenevez (Danish Space Research Insti- tute), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2013-2014. 56. “In the eye of the hurricane: exploring the smooth wind region of the massive star QV Nor,” PI: Jose Torrej´on(Alicante), CoIs: Norbert Schulz, Michael A. Nowak (MIT), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2013-2014. 55. “Filling the Gap in Understanding the Wing Structure of HDE 226868/Cyg X-1,” PI: Katja Pottschmidt (GSFC), CoIs: Diana Marcu (UMBC), J¨ornWilms, Ivica Miˇskoviˇcov´a,Natalie Hell (Bamberg University), Michael A. Nowak, Norbert Schulz, Victoria Grinberg (MIT), Lidia Oskinova (Potsdam University), Felix F¨urst(Caltech), Jose Torrejon (Alicante), Greg Brown, Duane Liedahl (Lawrence Livermore) Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2013-2014. 54. “Investigating New INTEGRAL Sources with Chandra,” PI: Ada Paizis (IDAI, Milano), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Sylvain Chaty, Jerome Rodriguez (CEA Saclay), Melania Del Santo (INAF Roma), Jerome Chenevez (Danish Space Research Insti- tute), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2013-2014. 53. “Chandra HETG Ultra-deep Gratings Spectroscopy of Sgr A*,” PI: Fred Baganoff (MIT), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak, Sheperd Doeleman (MIT), Greg Madejski (Stanford), Andrea Gold- wurm (Saclay), Delphine Porquet (Strasbourg), Andrea Ghez, Mark Morris (UCLA), Andreas Eckart (Koln), Reinhard Genzel (MPE), Dan Marrone (Arizona), Darrne Dowell (Caltech), Geoff Bower (UC Berkeley), Zhi-Qiang Shen (Shanghai Observatory), Farhad Yusef-Zadeh (Northwestern), Karl Menten (MPI) Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2011-2012. 52. “Filling the Gap in Understanding the Wing Structure of HDE 226868/Cyg X-1,” PI: Katja Pottschmidt (GSFC), CoIs: Diana Marcu (UMBC), Michael A. Nowak, Norbert Schulz (MIT), Manfred Hanke, J¨ornWilms, Lidia Oskinova, Felix F¨urst(Bamberg University), Jose Torrejon (Alicante) Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2011-2012. 51. “The Warm Absorber and Fe Fluorescence of MCG8-11-11,” PI: Kendrah Murphy (Skidmore), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), Tahir Yaqoob (UMBC), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2010-2011. 50. “The First Spatially Resolved Spectrum of an AGN Outflow in an Early-Type Galaxy: A Deep HETG Observation of Mrk 3,” PI: Daniel Evans (Elan), CoIs: Herman Marshall, Anna Lia Longinotti, Michael A. Nowak (MIT), Kevin Schawinski (Yale), Michael Crenshaw (Georgia State University), Stefano Bianchi (Roma Tre), Kimberley Weaver (GSFC), Martin Hardcastle (University of Hertfordshire), Ralph Kraft (SAO), Julia C. Lee (Harvard), Matteo Guainazzi (ESAC), Patrick Ogle (Caltech), James Reeves (University of Keele), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2010-2011. 49. “Filling the gap in understanding the wind structure of HDE 226868 / Cyg X-1,” PI: M. Hanke (Bamberg), CoIs: J¨ornWilms, Lydia Oskinova, Felix F¨urst,Ivica Miˇskoviˇcov´a(Bam- berg), Katja Pottschmidt (GSFC), Norbert Schulz, Michael A. Nowak (MIT), Jose Torrej´on (Alicante), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2010-2011. 48. “Investigating New INTEGRAL Sources with Chandra,” PI: Aida Pazis (ISDC), CoIs: T. Courvoisier, Ken Ebisawa, R. Walter (ISDC), J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Michael A. Nowak (MIT), K. Ebisawa (GSFC), M. Del Santo, L. Foschini, P. Ubertini (IASF), F. Lebrun (CEA Saclay), R. Walter, N.J. Westergaard (DSRI Copenhagen), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2010-2011. 47. “Investigating New INTEGRAL Sources with Chandra,” PI: Aida Pazis (ISDC), CoIs: T. Courvoisier, Ken Ebisawa, R. Walter (ISDC), J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Michael A. Nowak (MIT), K. Ebisawa (GSFC), M. Del Santo, L. Foschini, P. Ubertini (IASF), F. Lebrun (CEA Saclay), R. Walter, N.J. Westergaard (DSRI Copenhagen), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2009-2010. 46. “ChAInGeS: The Chandra Arp Interacting Galaxies Survey,” PI: Beverly Smith (ETSU), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), Curtis Struck (Iowa State), Martin Hancock (ETSU) Chandra Archive Program, 2008-2009.

45. “The True Nature of HD 110432: the Most Extreme gamma Cas Analog,” PI: Jose Torrej´on(Al- icante), CoIs: Norbert Schulz, Michael A. Nowak (MIT), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2008-2009.

44. “Investigating New INTEGRAL Sources with Chandra,” PI: Aida Pazis (ISDC), CoIs: T. Courvoisier, Ken Ebisawa, R. Walter (ISDC), J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Michael A. Nowak (MIT), K. Ebisawa (GSFC), M. Del Santo, L. Foschini, P. Ubertini (IASF), F. Lebrun (CEA Saclay), R. Walter, N.J. Westergaard (DSRI Copenhagen), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2008-2009.

43. “Investigating New INTEGRAL Sources with Chandra,” PI: Aida Pazis (ISDC), CoIs: T. Courvoisier, Ken Ebisawa, R. Walter (ISDC), J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Michael A. Nowak (MIT), K. Ebisawa (GSFC), M. Del Santo, L. Foschini, P. Ubertini (IASF), F. Lebrun (CEA Saclay), R. Walter, N.J. Westergaard (DSRI Copenhagen), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2007-2008.

42. “Joint XMM-Newton/ Chandra/RXTE Observation of Dips in Cyg X-1,” PI: J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak, Norbert Schulz, Claude Canizares (MIT), Katja Pottschmidt (UCSD), Sonja Fritz (IAA-T¨ubingen), XMM-Newton Guest Observer Program, 2007-2008.

41. “HYDRA: A New Paradigm for Astrophysical Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis,” PI: Michael W. Wise (MIT), CoIs: Michael S. Noble, John C. Houck, John E. Davis, Michael A. Nowak, Dan Dewey, & Claude Canizares (MIT), NASA Applied Information Systems Research Pro- gram, 2004-2008.

40. “A Chandra HETGS Study of LMC X-4: Binary Disk and Wind Properties and Studies of Grain Distribution at Small Angles,” PI: Julia C. Lee (Harvard), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak, Jingen Xiang, Konrad Dennerl, Saka Vrtilek (Harvard), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2006-2007.

39. “Observing IGR J16318−4848: Probing Compton Thick Absorption,” PI: J¨ornWilms (Bam- berg), CoIs: Katja Pottschmidt, John Tomsick (UC San Diego), Michael A. Nowak, Julia Lee (Harvard), R. Walter, Ingo Kreykenbohm (ISDC), Peter Kretschmar (ESA-ESAC), Marcus Kuster (TU Darmstadt), Suzaku Guest Observer Program, 2005-2006.

38. “Suzaku Observations of NGC 4258: A Stepping Stone from Sgr A∗ to Bright Seyferts,” PI: Christopher Reynolds (U. Maryland), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak, Andrew Young (MIT), J¨orn Wilms (Bamberg), Suzaku Guest Observer Program, 2005-2006.

37. “XMM-Newton Observations of NGC 4258,” PI: Christopher Reynolds (U. Maryland), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak, Andrew Young (MIT), J¨ornWilms (Bamberg), Phil Maloney (U. Col- orado), XMM-Newton Guest Observer Program, 2005-2006.

36. “Investigating New INTEGRAL Sources with Chandra,” PI: Aida Pazis (ISDC), CoIs: T. Cour- voisier, Ken Ebisawa, R. Walter (ISDC), J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen), Michael A. Nowak (MIT), K. Ebisawa (GSFC), M. Del Santo, L. Foschini, P. Ubertini (IASF), F. Lebrun (CEA Saclay), R. Walter, N.J. Westergaard (DSRI Copenhagen), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2005-2006.

35. “The Infrared Jet of Cyg X-1,” PI: Sebastian Heinz (MIT), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak, Sera Markoff, Deepto Chakrabarty (MIT), J¨ornWilms (U. Warwick), Katja Pottschmidt (ISDC), & Guy Pooley (Cambridge) Spitzer Guest Observer Program, 2004-2005.

34. “Investigating New INTEGRAL Sources with Chandra,” PI: Aida Pazis (ISDC), CoIs: T. Cour- voisier, Ken Ebisawa, R. Walter (ISDC), J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen), Michael A. Nowak (MIT), K. Ebisawa (GSFC), M. Del Santo, L. Foschini, P. Ubertini (IASF), F. Lebrun (CEA Saclay), R. Walter, N.J. Westergaard (DSRI Copenhagen), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2004-2005.

33. “The Disk/Jet Coupling in the Black Holes GX 339−4 and XTE J1550-664 During the Low- Hard X-ray State,” PI: Stephane Corbel (CEA-Saclay), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak, Sera Markoff (MIT), Robert Fender (Amsterdam), Charles Bailyn (Yale), Tasso Tzioumis (Australia Telescope National Facility), Jerome Rodriguez (CEA-Saclay), Jean-Pierre Roques (Centre d’Etude´ Spatiale des Rayonnements) INTEGRAL Guest Observer Program, 2003-2004.

32. “The Disk/Jet Coupling in the Black Holes GX 339−4 and XTE J1550-664 During the Low- Hard X-ray State,” PI: Stephane Corbel (CEA-Saclay), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak, Sera Markoff (MIT), Robert Fender (Amsterdam), Charles Bailyn (Yale), Tasso Tzioumis (Australia Telescope National Facility), Jerome Rodriguez (CEA-Saclay), Jean-Pierre Roques (Centre d’Etude´ Spatiale des Rayonnements) RXTE Guest Observer Program, 2003-2004.

31. “Simultaneous INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton Observations of Cyg X-1,” PI: J¨ornWilms (IAA- T¨ubingen),CoIs: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), Katja Pottschmidt (ISDC), Andzrej Zdziarski (Warsaw), Paolo Coppi (Yale), Peter Kretschmar (ISDC), Thomas Gleissner (IAA-T¨ubingen), Biff Heindl, Rick Rothschild (UCSD), Robert Fender, Michiel van der Klis, Thomas Mac- carone (Amsterdam), Guy Pooley (Cambridge), Marcus Kirsch (ESA), Frank Haberl (MPE), Catherine Brocksopp (UCL), Sera Markoff, Norbert Schulz (MIT) INTEGRAL Guest Observer Program, 2003-2004.

30. “Simultaneous RXTE and XMM-Newton Observations of Cyg X-1,” PI: J¨ornWilms (IAA- T¨ubingen),CoIs: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), Katja Pottschmidt (ISDC), Andzrej Zdziarski (Warsaw), Paolo Coppi (Yale), Peter Kretschmar (ISDC), Thomas Gleissner (IAA-T¨ubingen), Biff Heindl, Rick Rothschild (UCSD), Robert Fender, Michiel van der Klis, Thomas Maccarone (Amsterdam), Guy Pooley (Cambridge), Marcus Kirsch (ESA), Frank Haberl (MPE), Cather- ine Brocksopp (UCL), Sera Markoff, Norbert Schulz (MIT) RXTE Guest Observer Program, 2003-2004.

29. “Using Simultaneous RXTE and Ryle Radio Observations of Cyg X-1 to Constrain the Location of the Emission Regions,” PI: Sera Markoff (MIT), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), J¨orn Wilms, Thomas Gleissner (IAA-T¨ubingen),Guy Pooley (Cambridge), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 2003-2004.

28. “The Near Eddington Neutron Star 4U 1624−460: A Probe of Disk, Wind, and ISM Structure,” PI: Julia Lee (MIT), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak, Norbert Schulz, Mario Jimenez-Garate, Deepto Chakrabarty (MIT), Richard McCray (JILA), J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2003-2004. 27. “The Winds of Warps,” PI: Claude Canizares (MIT), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak, Norbert Schulz, Bram Boroson (MIT), Phil Charles (University of Southampton), Phil Maloney (JILA), J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen),Jon Miller (CfA), Jose Torrej´on(Alicante) Chandra Guest Ob- server Program, 2003-2004.

26. “High Resolution X-ray Imaging of the Interacting Galaxy Pair NGC 7714/15,” PI: Beverly Smith (ETSU), CoIs: Henry Kobulnicky (University of Wyoming), Robert Benjamin (Uni- versity of Wisconsin), Curt Struck (Iowa State), Michael A. Nowak (MIT), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2003-2004.

25. “Investigating New INTEGRAL Sources with Chandra,” PI: Aida Pazis (ISDC), CoIs: T. Cour- voisier, Ken Ebisawa, R. Walter (ISDC), J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen), Michael A. Nowak (MIT), M. Del Santo, L. Foschini, P. Ubertini (IASF), F. Lebrun (CEA Saclay), N.J. Wester- gaard (DSRI Copenhagen), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2003-2004.

24. “XMM-Newton Observations of Cyg X-1,” PI: J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen),CoIs: Michael A. Nowak, Norbert Schulz (MIT), Eckhard Kendziorra, Thomas Gleissner, Klaus Werner (IAA-T¨ubingen),Katja Pottschmidt (ISDC), Marcus Kirsch (ESA), Frank Haberl (MPE), Rob Fender, Michiel van der Klis, Tom Maccarone (University of Amsterdam), Guy Pooley (Cambridge), Catherine Brocksopp (MSSL), Andzrej Zdziarski (Copernicus Institute), Paolo Coppi (Yale), XMM-Newton Guest Observer Program, 2003-2004.

23. “Cygnus X-1: X-ray Dips, Distance, and the X-ray Halo,’ PI: Katja Pottschmidt (ISDC), CoIs: J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen), Michael A. Nowak, Julia Lee (MIT), Richard McCray, Adrienne Allen (JILA), Peter Predehl (MPE), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2002-2003.

22. “Hot Gas, Star Formation, and Nuclear Activity in the Peculiar Low Luminosity Radio Galaxy NGC 4410A,” PI: Beverly Smith (ETSU), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak (MIT), John Stocke (CASA), Megan Donahue (STScI), Chandra Guest Observer Program, 2001-2002.

21. “XMM Observations of GX 339−4,” PI: Stephane Corbel (Saclay), CoIs: Phil Kaaret (CfA), Michael A. Nowak (JILA), Robert Fender (Amsterdam), J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen), XMM-Newton Guest Observer Program, 2000-2001.

20. “Long Term Variability of LMC X-3 – Systematic Study of State Transitions,” PI: J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen),CoIs: Michael A. Nowak (JILA), Katja Pottschmidt, R¨udigerStaubert (IAA-T¨ubingen),James Dove (Metro-Denver), William Heindl (CASS-UCSD), Padi Boyd, Alan Smale (GSFC), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 2000-2001.

19. “New Lows in LMC X-3,” PI: Padi Boyd (GSFC), CoIs: Alan Smale (GSFC), J¨ornWilms, Katja Pottschmidt, R¨udigerStaubert (IAA-T¨ubingen), Michael A. Nowak (JILA), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 2000-2001.

18. “A Uniform Database for Cyg X-1, IV: Continued Monitoring of the Hard State over the 150/300 Day Period,” PI: Katja Pottschmidt (IAA-T¨ubingen),CoIs: J¨ornWilms, R¨udiger Staubert (IAA-T¨ubingen), Michael A. Nowak (JILA), David Smith (Berkeley), William Heindl (CASS-UCSD), Robert Fender (Amsterdam), Guy Pooley (Cambridge), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 2000-2001.

17. “HEXIS: The High Energy X-ray Imaging Survey,” PI: Richard Rothschild (CASS-UCSD), NASA MIDEX Medium Class Explorer Program, 1999-2001. 16. “Simultaneous Optical and X-ray Spectroscopy of the Binary X1822−371,” PI: Sebastian Heinz (JILA), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak (JILA), J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 1999-2001.

15. “A Uniform Database for Cyg X-1, III: Continued Monitoring of the Hard State over the 150/300 Day Period,” PI: Katja Pottschmidt (IAA-T¨ubingen),CoIs: J¨orn Wilms, R¨udiger Staubert (IAA-T¨ubingen), Michael A. Nowak (JILA), David Smith (Berkeley), William Heindl (CASS-UCSD), Robert Fender (Amsterdam), Guy Pooley (Cambridge), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 1999-2000.

14. “Warping and Precession of Accretion Disks,” PI: Mitchell Begelman (JILA), CoIs: Philip Maloney (CASA), Michael A. Nowak (JILA), NASA Astrophysical Theory Program, 1997- 2000.

13. “ASCA Observations of NGC 4258: Testing the ‘Strong ADAF Principle’ ,” PI: Christopher Reynolds (JILA), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak (JILA), Phillip Maloney (CASA), ASCA Guest Observer Program, 1998-1999.

12. “Cygnus X-1: Dips and Low Frequency Noise,” PI: J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen),CoIs: Katja Pottschmidt, R¨udigerStaubert (IAA-T¨ubingen),James Dove (U. Wyoming), Michael A. Nowak, Mitchell Begelman (JILA), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 1998-1999.

11. “Long Term Monitoring of the Black Hole Candidates LMC X-1 and LMC X-3,” PI: J¨orn Wilms (IAA-T¨ubingen),CoIs: Michael A. Nowak, Mitchell Begelman (JILA), James Dove (U. Wyoming), William Heindl (CASS-UCSD), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 1998-1999.

10. “RXTE Observations of NGC 5548,” PI: James Chiang (NRL), CoI: Michael A. Nowak, Christopher Reynolds (JILA), J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 1998-1999.

9. “ASCA Observations of the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 5548,” PI: Christopher Reynolds (JILA), CoI: James Chiang (NRL), Michael A. Nowak (JILA), Omer Blaes (UCSB), P. Magdziarz (Copernicus Institute), NASA Astrophysics Data Program, 1998-1999.

8. “Proposed ASCA Observations of NGC 5548,” PI: Christopher Reynolds (JILA), CoI: James Chiang (NRL), Michael A. Nowak (JILA), ASCA Guest Observer Program, 1998-1999.

7. “ V1408 Aql: Black Hole Candidate or Neutron Star X-ray Binary?,” PI: J¨ornWilms (IAA- T¨ubingen),CoIs: R¨udiger Staubert, Michael Maisack (IAA-T¨ubingen), Michael A. Nowak, James Dove, Mitchell Begelman (JILA), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 1997-1999.

6. “Long Term Monitoring of the Unique Black Hole Candidate GX 339−4,” PI: Brian Vaughan (Caltech), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak, Mitchell Begelman (JILA), Alan Harmon (MSFC), Chris Thompson (UNC), Shuang-Nan Zhang (MSFC), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 1997- 1998.

5. “Spectral and Dynamical Signatures of Black Hole High States,” PI: Mitchell Begelman (JILA), CoIs: Michael Nowak, James Dove (JILA), R¨udigerStaubert, J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen), William Heindl (CASS-UCSD), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 1997-1998.

4. “X-ray Variability Constraints on Compton Cloud Models of Cygnus X-1,” PI: Brian Vaughan (Caltech), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak, Mitchell Begelman, James Dove (JILA), J¨ornWilms (IAA-T¨ubingen), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 1996-1998. 3. “Search for a Definitive Black Hole Signature: Relativistically Trapped Modes of Disk Os- cillation,” PI: Robert Wagoner (Stanford), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak (JILA), Will Zhang (GSFC), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 1997.

2. “X-ray Reverberation Mapping of Seyfert Galaxies NGC 5548 and IC 4329A,” PI: James Chiang (NRL), CoI: Michael A. Nowak (JILA), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 1997.

1. “Search for a Definitive Black Hole Signature: Relativistically Trapped Modes of Disk Os- cillation,” PI: Robert Wagoner (Stanford), CoIs: Michael A. Nowak (JILA), Will Zhang (GSFC), RXTE Guest Observer Program, 1996.