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The Life of Ramanujacharya : the Exponent of the Visishtadvaita Philosophy

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The Life of Ramanujacharya : the Exponent of the Visishtadvaita Philosophy B CORNELLUNIVERSnY UBRARY riHACA, N. Y. 14853 S©wth Asia Collection KROCH UBR^MIY Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924074412499 In compliance with current copyright law, Cornell University Library produced this replacement volume on paper that meets the ANSI Standard Z39.48-1984 to replace the irreparably deteriorated original. 1994 : THE LIFE OF RAMANUJACHARYA THE EXPONENT OP THE VISISHTADVAITA PHILOSOPHY BY A A A Alkondaville Govlndacharya AUTHOR OF Bhaguvadgita with Bdmdnuja's Ceminentaries, The Lives of the Drdvida Saints, The Devine Wisdom of the Brdvida Saints, The Vidanta and the Panchama Question, ^-?., ^c, ^c. /IDa&ras S. jMUHTHY & CO., 305, TUUMBU CKETTY STREET. 1906. {Copyright Eegistered.^ ^4cAj: MADRAS : PR9SIED AT THE KAPALEE PRESS, 305, THUMBi; CHKTTY STREET. PI ^6 X INSCEIBED (by pebmissiok) TO Mis Highness, Sri Krishnaraja Wodeyar Bahadur MAHARAJA OF MYSORE BEING A DEVOUT DISCIPLE OF SRI RAMANUJACHARYA CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ITHACA, N.Y. 14853 South Asia Collection KROCH UBRARY THE LIFE OF RAMANUJA AND OTHERS. INTBODUCTOBY. After the Azhvars come the Acharyas. The former we have called " Saints," and the latter we shall designate as the " Sages." Both Saints and Sages possess the two-fold characteristics of " Knowledge " and " Love " i.e., Knowledge of God and Love to God. Whereas the Saints are pre-emi- nently of the order of Lovers of God, the Sages are of the order of Knowers of God. Both Saints and Sages are Servants of God. We have written the Holy Lives of the Saints already. And now by God's grace, we write the Holy Lives of the Sages. These are headed by the Blessed 2^athamani(ga]), (ranking as the Eighteenth in the Hierarchic 2'able attached to oar Lives of the Azhvara). The substance of the present work is the Life of Ramanuja. TUB lilFE OF UAMANUJA. CU. I. CHAPTP]R I. NATHAMUNI. A long time elapsed between tlie Azhvars (Saints) and the AchS,ryas (Sages). At tlie date 916 A.D. or when the Sage Yamunacharya was born, Nathamuni, his grandfather, was alive. We have in record, thai Isvara-bhatt-Azhvar was the father of Natha-muni ; and Isvara-muni was his (Natha- muni's) son. All the three together lived in Viranarayana- puraui' where exists the Holy Shrine of Mannar KOil ; the Sesident Deity, there manifest, being Mannanar ( = Lord Krishna or Raja-Gopala). God so manifest was their household Deity. One day, the father, son (Nathamuni) and grandson went to the Shrine, and submissively petitioned of Mannanar to permit them to under- take a pilgrimage to the North of India, where they were anxious to visit all those Holy Shrines to Himself, or at which He bad incarnated* in various forms, in order to accomplish the threefold object of saving the good, punishing the wicked, ' This place is about 15 miles go any change in His essence or from Chidambaram (Chitrakutam substauoo. KS.manuja has ex- aud where the famous tank Viraiiam plained— this in his preface to Gita ''''••'^ = (abbr : for Vira-n3,rayanapuraiji} is " He, being the vast Ocean °.^ '"^""° Mercy and Condescen- Bitnate. Sri-ranga-Nathamuni is ^'°"' ^, , ,, • . .r ^°™ ^"°- J^ointyi willed to the fall name of the Sage.e assume (material) forms similar to 3 Much has been written on the those of His creatures, icithout subject of Divine Incarnations in "fcoidomtiij His own essential divine (l)' Tathia-traya (immaterial) the works and Ra- nature [Pp : 8-9.] tiorwXe of Image Worship by Partha- 'fbe same that we say of our Lords sarathi, Yogi^ (2) Our Bhagavadgita, Matsya, Krishna, &c., the Christians Lives oj Azkvdrs, and Divine (3) (4) say of Lord Jesus Christ. " We can MisdomofDr&tida «««««.We again no more" sav they, "gaze upon the call attention of our readers His ineffable 'brightness than we to verse If. Lee, IX ot oi.r Gita; can look upon the noon-day sun and Tishnn-Pnrana verso ^IRnWTg^ Then God in His boundless Mercv &c. [v. J. 51, and v. 9. 23 to 25] shaded his brightness in the clouds " and state further that by Incarn- of hiimam nature—veiled H is face ation " we do not mean that God so that through the veil of human who is everywhere and eternal, flesh, human deeds and human changes His place, nor at one mo- words, we might look upon God and ment He is in Heaven, and at ano- live." {_Epiphauy. P. 6, Jan : 10th ther on Earth ; nor does He under- 1903]. CH. I. NATHAMUNI. '3 and establishing virtue in the land {vide Bbagavad-G ita. IV-8), —such Shi-Ines as Mathiir.i, Gokala, Brindavaiia, the Holy banks of Yamuna (Jumna), Gfjvardhana, Dvai-aka, Ayodhya, Salagrama, EadarikaSrama, NaimiSaranya, Nrisimlia-giri and otliers. Lord IMannanar.deigned. to give them permission tti do 1=0. They started forthwitji with their families, and in the course of. their holy peregrinations, they came upon a place called G-yvardhana-pura, situate on the banks of Holy Yamuna, and there paid their homage to Lord. Krishna, known to the Dravi- dians as Yaniunai-t-tarai'Dan [yido Tiruppdvai hy St. And-Xl v. .5]. The Lord and all the surroundings were so fascinating as to induce them to decide to spend the rest of their days here. Time agreeably sped thus. But on a certain night. Sage ICatha- .muni had a dream in which Lord Manuanar appeared and commanded his devotee to return to Vlra-NA.rayanam. The Sage was vividly impressed by this experience, and resolved to return to his Native Land. He accordingly sub- mitted his desire to Yamunai-t-turaivan, who gladly accorded his sanction and honored the sage with the Holy fh-tha and prasiida. Bidding adieu to 'the place, they bent their steps to the Paroshottama-Kshetra, where Lord Jagannatha is resident. After paying reveren;e to the Lord here, thej- next went on to Simh-adri or Ahobilam where Lord Nrisimha slteddeth liis they pursued their journey, saving radiance around , and thence till they arrived at the Sacred Hill of Tirupati, celebrated as the abode of Lord Sriuivasa,—the abode on this earth which He as centre for the salva- i.s said to have particularly chosen His tion of mankind, after having alighted tliereon from His celes- tial abode Sri Vaikuntha, or what is called Paramapada, Param-S,kasa, &o. This locality again was so prepossessing that it bid Nathamuni to dwell there permanently ; but Mannanar's commands, imperiously required his return liome. so left the Holy Tirupati, The Sage could not resist this ; and THE LIFE OF RAMANUJA. CH. I. and en mite visited, among others, the holy spots known as Ghatikachala (of Lord Nrisimha), Hastigiri (or Kanchi of Lord Varada-K-aja), Tiruvahindra-pura (—near modern Cudda- lore—of Lord Deva-Nayaka), Tii-ukkovalilr (of Lord Trivik- rama), Srlrangam (of Loi'd Ranganatha), Tirukkudandai Sarungapani) (—or Kumhhakonam—of Lord Ara-v-amudu or ; and finally returned to his native place Vlra-Xarayanapuram. Here the sage received an ovation from the holy inhabitants, and was conducted in procession to Mannanar. The Lord was highly pleased and made His -wishes known to the assembled community that thenceforward, they must look upon the Sage as His specially blessed devotee, provide him with suitable lodgings, and all other necessaries of life ; and take such other care of him as his favourite deserved. All this they gladly did. And Nathamuni(gal) made a flower-garden fortbe Lord, and employed himself in its care, serving the Lord with the offerings of garlands, scents, lights ; and in suchwise use- fully spent his time in the company of wise and holy men, in the cultivation of Divine Knowledge and its pi-opagation. One day, there came a party of Sri-vaishnavas from the uplands (or the table-lands to the north of Trichinopoly), to visit Mannanar, and they were heard to sing the sacred Hymn, " Ara-v-amudu" or the Decad : V-8 of St. Xammazhvar's Tirnv&y-Mozhi, and ending with the 11th verse of the same, in " which it is said : This Ten out of the Thousand, sung by Kuru- gitr Saihagopar.'^ Nathamuni, hearing this, begged of the visitor to repeat the " One Tlwusand." But they said' they only knew this fragment of Ten and no more. On being again asked whether any one else knew the same, or whether there were written records preserved of the same, they confessed that they knew nothing whatever of it. The sage dismissed them with the usual holy Tirtha and Prasdda from Mannanar. Natha was anxious to trace out the rest of the Prabandha (the Dravida Hymns of the Saints are so called) ; and surmised that they might in all likelihood prove recoverable in the Kurugn Land (=Azhvar Tirnnagari near Tinnevelly). He — en. 1. NATHAMUNI. travelled south to this place, and paid due honors to St. Nam- raazhvaf, and Lord Polindu-ninra-Piran (or Adinafcha) and set about inquiring for the missing Prabandlia. He met Paran- kuSa Dasar, a disciple of Madhurakavi(gal)'— ; and asked him for information. He said : ' Sire ! Not only the Tiruvay- Mozhi of St. Namm5,zhvar bat the Prabandhas as well of the other Azhvars have almost been forgotten, as a very long time has elapsed since the daj-s of their composition. My Acharya, St. Madhurakavi(gal), has left this message that whosoever will concentrate his mind, fixing himself in a Toga- posture before St. Nammazhvar's (Holy Image) and repeat the ten-versed Hymn, the Kanninun-Sirutlambu, twelve thousand times, all the time devoutly dwelling on the Holy feet of the Saint, will place himself en rapport with the Saint, who will then bless the devotee with the vision of himself.
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