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VII STD Social Science Term 3 History Chapter 1 New Religious Ideas and Movements

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NEW BHARATH MATRICULATION HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL,TVR VII STD Social Science Term 3 History Chapter 1 New Religious Ideas and Movements I. Choose the correct answer: Question 1. Who of the following composed songs on Krishna putting himself in the place of mother Yashoda? (a) Poigaiazhwar (b) Periyazhwar (c) Nammazhwar (d) Andal Answer: (b) Periyazhwar Question 2. Who preached the Advaita philosophy? (a) Ramanujar (b) Ramananda (c) Nammazhwar (d) Adi Shankara Answer: (d) Adi Shankara Question 3. Who spread the Bhakthi ideology in northern India and made it a mass movement? (a) Vallabhacharya (b) Ramanujar (c) Ramananda (d) Surdas Answer: (c) Ramananda Question 4. Who made Chishti order popular in India? (a) Moinuddin Chishti (b) Suhrawardi (c) Amir Khusru (d) Nizamuddin Auliya Answer: (a) Moinuddin Chishti Question 5. Who is considered their first guru by the Sikhs? (a) Lehna (b) Guru Amir Singh (c) GuruNanak (d) Guru Gobind Singh Answer: (c) GuruNanak II. Fill in the Blanks. 1. Periyazhwar was earlier known as ______ 2. ______ is the holy book of the Sikhs. 3. Meerabai was the disciple of ______ 4. philosophy is known as Vishistadvaita ______ 5. Gurudwara Darbar Sahib is situated at ______ in Pakistan. Answer: 1. Vishnu Chittar 2. Guru Granth Sahib 3. Ravi das 4. Ramanuja’s 5. Karatarpur III. Match the following. Pahul – Kabir Ramcharitmanas – Sikhs Srivaishnavism – Abdul-Wahid Abu Najib Granthavali – Guru Gobind Singh Suhrawardi – Tulsidas Answer: Pahul – Sikhs Ramcharitmanas – Tulsidas Srivaishnavism – Ramanuja Granthavali – Kabir Suhrawardi – Abdul-Wahid Abu Najib IV. Find out the right pair/pairs: (1) Andal – Srivilliputhur (2) Tukaram – Bengal (3) Chaitanyadeva – Maharashtra (4) Brahma-sutra – Vallabacharya (5) Gurudwaras – Sikhs Answer: (1) Andal – Srivilliputhur (5) Gurudwaras – Sikhs Question 2. Assertion (A): After Guru Gobind Singh, the holy book Guru Granth Sahib came to be considered the guru. Reason (R): Guru Gobind Singh was the compiler of Guru Granth Sahib. (a) R is not the correct explanation of A (b) R is the correct explanation of A (c) A is correct but R is wrong (d) Both A and R are wrong Answer: (c) A is correct but R is wrong Question 3. Find the odd person out Poigai Azhwar, Bhoothathu Azhwar, Periazhwar, Andal, Nammazhwar. Answer: Andal V. State true or false: 1. Sufism was responsible for the spread of Islamic culture. 2. The best known Sufi sage of the early medieval period was Nizamuddin Auliya of the Chishti order. 3. Guru Nanak is considered the first guru of Sikhs. 4. Sufis believed that realization of God can be achieved only through passionate devotion to God and intense meditation. 5. The basic Tamil Saivite sacred canon consists of 12 books. Answer: 1. False 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. True VI. Give short answers: Question 1. What do you know about Tirumuraii Answer: Nambi Andar Nambi (1000 A.D.) is said to have compiled the songs of all of the Nayanmars that form the basis of Tirumurai, the basic Tamil Saivite sacred canon. It consists of 12 books, and 11 of them were assembled by Nambi. The 12th book is Sekkizhar s Periyapuranam. Question 2. How many Nayanmars were there and who were prominent among them? Answer: There are 63 legendary Nayanmars. Among them, Gnanasampandar, Appar, and Sundarar (often called “the trio”) are worshipped as saints through their images in South Indian temples. Question 3. How did Gurunanak help to found Sikhism? Answer: 1. Guru Nanak is considered the first guru by the Sikhs. 2. The teachings of Guru Nanak formed the basis of Sikhism, a new religious order, founded in the late 15th century. 3. His and his successors’ teachings are collected in the Guru Granth Sahib, which is the holy book of the Sikhs. Question 4. What had Tukkaram to do with the Vitthoba temple of Pantharpur? Answer: Tukaram, a 17th century saint poet of Maharashtra, is known for his spiritual songs abangas or Kirtanas, devoted to Vitthoba, an avatar of krishna. There is Vitthoba / Panduranga temple at Pantharpur or Pandaripuram in Sholapur district,Maharashtra. Question 5. Highlight the spiritual ideas of Kabir that appealed to lower classes. Answer: 1. Kabir believed that God is one and formless, even though different religious sects give him different names and forms. 2. Kabir opposed discrimination on the basis of religion, caste and wealth. He also condemned meaningless rituals. VIII. Answer the following in detail: Question 1. Give an account of the contributions of exponents of Bhakti Movement in the southern as well as northern parts of India. Answer: 1. The Azhwars, the Vaishnavite Bhakti sages and the originators of Bhakti cult, and the Nayanmars, the worshipers of Siva or the Saivites, composed devotional hymns in Tamil language, dedicated to their respective gods. 2. Vishnu-bhakti or Vaishnavism is based on Vishnu’s avatars (incarnations), particularly Krishna and Rama. The 12 Tamil Azhwars are chiefly known for their immortal hymns. 3. Two Azhwars stand out distinctly for their contribution to the promotion of the Bhakti movement. (a) AdiShankara: 1. Adi Shankara or Shankarachariar (c. 700-750 A.D.) preached the Advaita philosophy. 2. He set up mathas (mutts), centres of learning and worship, at Badrinath, Puri, Dwarka and Sringeri. 3. His commentary on the Brahma-sutra, which is a fundamental text of the Vedanta school and on the principal Upanishads are considered equally important. (b) Ramanuja: 1. Ramanuja, a 11th century Vaishnava saint, was the most influential thinker of Vaishnavism. 2. He established centres to spread his doctrine of devotion, Srivaishnavism, to God Vishnu and his consort Lakshmi. Exponents of Bhakti Movement: 1. Ramananda spread the Bhakti ideology in northern India where it became a mass movement. Vallabhacharya, a Telugu philosopher, built a temple for Lord Krishna on the Govardhan Hills near Mathura. Surdas, a blind poet and musician, was associated with this temple as well as that of Agra. His famous collection of poetry is called Sursagar. Meera Bai, wife of the crown prince of Mewar, was an ardent devotee of Lord Krishna. 2. Tulsidas’s Hindi retelling of the story of Rama in the Ramcharitmanas, the sentiment of friendship and loyalty is stressed. 3. Tukaram, a 17th century saint poet of Maharashtra, is known for his spiritual songs (abangas or kirtanas), devoted to Vitthoba, an avatar of Krishna. Question 2. What is Sufism? How did it find its footing in India? Answer: The advent of Sufis to India dates back to the Arab conquest of Sind. It gained prominence 1 during the reign of the Delhi Sultans. Sufism found adherents among both Muslims and Hindus. 1. Sufism: The word Sufi takes its origin from suf, meaning wool. The Sufis wore course garments made of wool and hence they were called Sufis. Sufism was basically Islamic but was influenced by Hindu and Buddhist (Mahayana) ideas. It rejected the stringent conduct code of the ulemas. Sufis lived in hermitages akin to monasteries and functioned outside society. 2. Sufis in medieval India were divided into three major orders. They were Chisti, Suhrawardi and Firdausi. 3. The best known Sufi sage of the early medieval period was Nizamuddin Auliya of the Chishti order, who had a large number of followers among the ruling class in Delhi. 4. Suhrawardi order was founded by an Iranian Sufi Abdul-Wahid Abu Najib. The Firdausi order was a branch of Suhrawardi order and its activities were confined to Bihar. Question 3. What impact did Bhakti movement make on Indian society? Answer: 1. Vedic Hinduism was regenerated and thus saved from the onslaught of Islam. 2. The Islamic tenets – unity of God and universal brotherhood – emphasised by the saints promoted harmony and peace. 3. Bhakti was a movement of the common people; it used the language of the common people for its devotional literature. 4. Bhakti movement opened up space for Indian languages to grow. It stimulated literary activity in regional languages. 5. What sustained Sanskrit, despite its decline during this period, was the support extended by the rulers of Hindu kingdoms. 6. Tamil was the only ancient Indian language remained vibrant during this period. Under the influence of devotional cults, its emphasis shifted to religion and religious literature. 7. Caste system and social disparities came to be criticised. VIII. HOTS Question 1. Examine the statement that the Bhakti movement saved Vedic Hinduism from the onslaught of Islam. Answer: 1. The Bhakthi movement emphasised the mutual emotional attachment and love of a devotee towards a personal God and of the God for the devotee. 2. The Azhwars and Nayanmars contibuted a lot to Tamil literature through their devotional hymns. 3. They criticised caste – based social status and advocated gender equality 4. Sages like Ramanuja and Adi Shankara too articulated ideas of social equality. In North India poets like Ramananda, Vallabhacharya and Tulsidas spread the Bhakthi cult through their devotional hymns which could save Vedic Hinduism from the onslaught of Islam. Additional Questions I. Choose the correct answer: Question 1. There is only one God, through Hindus and Muslims call him by different names stated __________ (a) Andal (b) Haridasa (c) Ramanuja (d) MeeraBai Answer: (b) Haridasa Question 2. The Azhwars and the Nayanmars composed devotional hymns in _________ language. (a) Tamil (b) Sanksrit (c) Hindi (d) Urdu Answer: (a) Tamil Question 3. The _________ Tamil Azhwars are chiefly known for their immortal hymns. (a) 10 (b) 15 (c) 12 (d) 13 Answer: (c)12 Question 4. _________ is said to have found Andal as a baby in the tulsi garden at Srivilliputhur. (a) Poigai Azhwar (b) Pei Azhwar (c) Nammazhwar (d) Periyazhvar Answer: (d) Periyazhvar Question 5. The poems of _________ are used in Vaishnava wedding ceremonies in Tamil Nadu.
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    Lake Forest College Lake Forest College Publications Senior Theses Student Publications 4-16-2014 Sikhism Reinterpreted: The rC eation of Sikh Identity Brittany Fay Puller Lake Forest College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://publications.lakeforest.edu/seniortheses Part of the Asian History Commons, History of Religion Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Puller, Brittany Fay, "Sikhism Reinterpreted: The rC eation of Sikh Identity" (2014). Senior Theses. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Publications at Lake Forest College Publications. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Lake Forest College Publications. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sikhism Reinterpreted: The rC eation of Sikh Identity Abstract The iS kh identity has been misinterpreted and redefined amidst the contemporary political inclinations of elitist Sikh organizations and the British census, which caused the revival and alteration of Sikh history. This thesis serves as a historical timeline of Punjab’s religious transitions, first identifying Sikhism’s emergence and pluralism among Bhakti Hinduism and Chishti Sufism, then analyzing the effects of Sikhism’s conduct codes in favor of militancy following the human Guruship’s termination, and finally recognizing the identity-driven politics of colonialism that led to the partition of Punjabi land and identity in 1947. Contemporary practices of ritualism within Hinduism, Chishti Sufism, and Sikhism were also explored through research at the Golden Temple, Gurudwara Tapiana Sahib Bhagat Namdevji, and Haider Shaikh dargah, which were found to share identical features of Punjabi religious worship tradition that dated back to their origins.
  • 1 Do Not Reproduce This Article in Part Or Full Without Written Permission of Author How the British Divided Punjab Into Hindu

    1 Do Not Reproduce This Article in Part Or Full Without Written Permission of Author How the British Divided Punjab Into Hindu

    How the British divided Punjab into Hindu and Sikh By Sanjeev Nayyar December 2016 This is chapter 2 from the E book on Khalistan Movement published by www.swarajyamag.com During a 2012 visit to Naina Devi Temple in Himachal Pradesh, about an hour's drive from Anandpur Sahib, I wondered why so many Sikhs come to the temple for darshan. The answer lies in the events of 1699. In the Chandi Charitra, the tenth Guru says that in the past god had deputed Goddess Durga to destroy evil doers. That duty was now assigned to him hence he wanted her blessings. So he invited Pandit Kesho from Kashi to conduct the ceremony at the hill of Naina Devi. The ceremony started on Durga Ashtami day, in the autumn of October 1698, and lasted for six months. At the end of this period, the sacred spring Navratras began on 21 March 1699. Then, “When all the ghee and incense had been burnt and the goddess had yet not appeared, the Guru came forward with a naked sword and, flashing it before the assembly declared: ‘This is the goddess of power!” This took place on 28 March 1699, the Durga Ashtami day. The congregation was then asked to move to Anandpur, where on New Year Day of 1st Baisakh, 1699, the Guru would create a new nation.” 3 On 30 March 1699, at Anandpur, Govind Singhji gave a stirring speech to the assembly about the need to protect their spiritual and temporal rights. He then asked if anyone would offer his head in the services of God, Truth and Religion.