RESEARCH AND MONITORING
2007 WATER FESTIVAL CAMPAIGN December 2007
HACC
1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms Acknowledgement Executive summary
1. Part I : Introduction 2. Part II : Research & Monitoring of the WFC 3. Part III : Findings 1. Goal, Objectives and expected out puts of the WFC 2. Water Festival Campaign Preparation o Structure of WFC o Organizing Committee o Working Groups o Resource Mobilization o Administrative arrangement 3. Water Festival Campaign Achievement o On stage: Opening ceremony o On stage: Arts show & HIV/AIDS education o Outreach activities o IEC Activities o Super Crazy Men
4. Part IV : Analysis 1. Literature review on Information Guide for Developing a Campaign 2. Comparative analysis o At the starting point o Achievable goal, aims and measurable objectives o Slogan and identity o Defining target groups and settings o Key messages o Key materials o Key actions o Monitoring and evaluation o End point 3. Critical analysis o Mechanism and function o Elements of a good campaign 4. How far the expected outputs of the campaign are achieved?
5. Part V : Recommendations 1. General recommendations 2. Specific recommendations for 2008 WFC
6. Part VI : Conclusions Calendar of Activities for the 2007 WFC and Research and Monitoring
2 Annex I Action plan of Water Festival Campaign Annex II Action plan for HIV/AIDS Mainstreaming for MC, Supper Stars and News Agencies Workshop Annex III Compiled minutes of the meetings on WFC Annex IV TOR of Working Groups Annex V TOR of Volunteers Annex VI Report form for Volunteers Annex VII Speeches at Opening ceremony Annex VIII Samples of IEC materials Annex IX Theme and Slogans Annex X WFC Budget Annex XI Consultant TOR for the Research and Monitoring Study on 2007 WFC Annex XII Persons involved in Key Informants interviews and Focus Group discussion Annex XIII Information Guide for Developing a Campaign , UNAIDS Annex XIV Power point presentation on Water Festival Campaign 2007 Annex XV Application form for Volunteers Annex XVI Power point presentation on Developing a Campaign , UNAIDS
3 ACRONYMS 100% CUP 100% Condom Use Programme AC Advocacy and Communications AIDS Acute Immunodeficiency Syndrome BSS Behavioral Sentinel Surveillance CBCA Cambodian Business Coalition on AIDS CWPD Cambodian Women for Peace and Development CDHS Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey CHEC Cambodian HIV/AIDS Education and Care CHEMS Cambodian Health Education Mass Media Service CPN+ Cambodian People Living With HIV/AIDS Network CRC Cambodian Red Cross CPU Cambodian Prostitutes Union FGD Focus Group Discussion FHI Family Health International GOs Governmental Organizations HACC HIV/AIDS Coordinating Committee HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HSS HIV Sentinel Surveillance IEC Information , Education and Communications MC Master of Ceremony M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MARPs Most at Risk Populations MSM Men who have Sex with Men NAA National AIDS Authority NCHADS National Centre for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology, and STDs NGO Non-Governmental Organization PLHIV People Living with HIV PSF Pharmaciens Sans Frontières PSI Population Services International SRA Situation and Response Analysis SSS STI Sentinel Surveillance STF Special Task Force STI Sexually Transmitted Infection SWOT Strength , Weakness , Opportunity , Threats UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund WAC World AIDS Day Campaign WAC Women Agenda for Change WF Water Festival WFC Water Festival Campaign WG Working Group WHN Women Health Network WNU Women Network for Unity
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Acknowledgement
Over the past 12 years, the HIV/AIDS Coordinating Committee and the National AIDS Authority had jointly shared responsibilities in organizing the Water Festival Campaign aiming to reduce further transmission of HIV among MARP and at risk populations who came to enjoy their time in this traditional festival.
In 2007, HACC was able to encourage 36 out 105 members to collaboratively joint their efforts in Water Festival Campaign. Thirteen thousands US dollars have been mobilized for the Organizing Committee , three Working Groups and more than 600 volunteers to undertake three key actions addressing target populations during the four days campaign.
However, the dimension of potential risk for further transmission of HIV during the Water Festival Ceremony is not clearly understood. Relevant stakeholders especially donors were not very well informed about the progress towards the achievement of the expected outputs of the campaign. More importantly, for the next WFC stakeholders would like to be informed about who the target groups are, what the key actions are and how key materials and key messages should be delivered to those target groups … From these grounds they will decide to lend their support accordingly.
These are the reasons why this Research and Monitoring study has been designed for the first time as part of the 12th Water Festival campaign strategy.
This study describes the findings from the design to the implementation of WFC and provides comparative and critical analysis of the whole campaign. General and specific recommendations propose innovative directions for a better organization of the next WFC.
HACC would like to extend our grateful acknowledgement to the National AIDS Authority and donors for technical, administrative and financial support to 2007 WFC. I very much appreciate the devotion of our volunteers, members, HACC staff and especially PLHIV and Entertainment Workers who worked amidst their holidays to reach target populations during four days campaign. I am convinced that this remarkable example is contributing to foster the social capital of the country for a sustainable response to HIV/AIDS.
Kem Ley Secretary General HACC
5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In 2007 the National AIDS Authority (NAA) and HACC worked together in organizing the 12th Water Festival Campaign ( WFC) and 14th World AIDS Day Campaign ( WAC) to renew the commitment and endeavor of all stakeholders as a contribution of their involvement in HIV/AIDS response towards the Cambodia‘s goal on universal access by 2010.
The Advocacy and Communication Working Group of NAA and the Special Task Force of HACC united their efforts to take a lead of these two campaigns. Work plans have been developed and revised from a three consultations meeting with key representatives of GOs and NGOs. The implementation of the plans were carried out by three Working Groups namely Outreach, IEC and On stage WGs through their contact with relevant institutions. To provide a critical view on the achievement, a research a monitoring of the whole process of these two campaigns was designed as an important element of the campaign strategy.
Water Festival Campaign: With 3 million people coming Water Festival, it is estimated that some of 63,000 men who have multiple partners1 . Some of them may use this opportunity to visit 1000 Brothel Based sex workers and 7,000 Entertainment Workers 2 in Phnom Penh while others would convince their sweet hearts to indulge with casual sex. More importantly, among these at risk groups, it is estimated that 12,000 infected people3 could potentially pass HIV to their partners if they fail to practice safe sex.
The 4 day of the WFC started on 22 November with a launch through the participation of NAA, HACC and Municipality of Phnom Penh officials. During this event, 350,000 condoms, 6,300 Calendars, 1,400 Posters, 1000 leaflets and other IEC materials were distributed through 600 volunteers who are selected from 36 HACC members to target populations at markets, public places and boat racers camping at the east river bank. Super Crazy men shows succeeded in providing key messages on AIDS especially the WFC slogan, "Away from home, Let's stay safe from AIDS "to young people who are attracted with their bizarre make up and acrobatic and comic dances in the main public places. Each day from the stage erected in front of Wat Botum, more than 600 young people were selected from the mixed audience of Comic and AIDS shows to actively participate in the Quiz shows and Role play. Messages for these people were tailored to their level of understanding on HIV/AIDS. Across the main roads in Phnom Penh , 100 banners draws the attention of the public people and foster a supportive environment for HIV/AIDS prevention and care and support with 15 key messages. MC presenters were oriented to integrate key messages on HIV/AIDS with their on air shows or appearance in the concerts while new reporters were updated with the current situation of the epidemic and the response who then wrote news for the public on this event. A documentary was made from select key actions of the campaign program. It allows campaigners to share their message of commitment and to express their views to better organize the next WFC.
1 Based on 2005 CHDS : 9.5% of Cambodian men have multiple partners 2 Report form PSI 2007 3 Based on Chas’s Consensus, the HIV prevalence rate among adult people (15‐49 Years old) is 0.9% 6 It is worth mentioning that all Outreach volunteers were asked to write down their daily individual report to list down their observation on problems they faced and their suggestion to solve them.
From the analysis of WFC, it is recommended that a good understanding of Campaign Strategy is required for campaign organizers such as AC Working Group of NAA and Special Task Force of HACC to better orchestrate the next WFC with clear goal and objectives. Subsequently, a good understanding of the Campaign Program can be improved for those who deliver actions enabling them to successfully accessing the target populations with key messages and key materials. Another critical part of the campaign would be the understanding of behavior of the target groups i.e. boat racers, boat fan or any particular segment of provincial and Phnom Penh people who participate in this traditional event. A better orientation of Outreach volunteers will increase their understanding on the profile of their target populations which then allow them to tailor the messages accordingly. A pre-departure orientation on HIV/AIDS is suggested to be integrated into the rehearsal orientation with local health center staff at commune or district level. If provincial fan are found to be at risk , media and IEC materials may need to be developed to reach them wherever the stay e.g. Phnom Penh relatives , guest houses and wherever they buy sex brothels , karaoke , beer gardens... Lastly a stakeholder analysis will allow the campaigners to select key players to contribute or to link their efforts to achieve the objectives of WFC. The campaign organizers would consider whether it is useful to have NGOs working with Entertainment Establishments, Sex workers associations ( WNU, WHN, WAC...) , Municipal Health Department , Phnom Penh Police Department...joining the campaign.
7 Part I: Introduction
1. Epidemiology and the challenge for HIV/AIDS Prevention in Cambodia
Through the 2007 Consensus Workshop on HIV Estimates and Projections, it is concluded that HIV prevalence among the general adult population aged 15-49 years has declined from a peak of 2.0% in 1998 to 0.9% in 2006. 4 This rapid decline in prevalence is a significant achievement. However, HIV prevalence in Cambodia is still high compared to other countries in the region. The total number of adults aged 15-49 years living with HIV in 2006 was estimated to be 67,200. The estimated number of children aged 0-14 years living with HIV in 2006 was 3,900. The total number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) (adults, plus children) in 2006 was 71,100 people.
The significant decline in HIV prevalence has resulted from both: - declining numbers of new infections due to effective prevention programs; and - a large number of deaths among persons who were infected in the early years of the epidemic. 5
It is estimated that the number of new adult infections (incidence) declined from 12,700 in 1997 to 1,350 in 2006. In general, adult HIV prevalence is higher in urban areas than in rural areas (2006: urban 1.1%, rural 0.8%).
The challenge for HIV/AIDS Prevention in Cambodia in the next three years is drawn from the key conclusions of the 2007 Consensus Workshop which clearly pinpoints that the prevalence in the general population will decline to 0.6% by 2008 and remains at that level till 2010, if interventions are sustained. The estimate of further reductions in incidence is based on the assumptions of sustained safe behavior and the prevention benefit of lower viral load resulting from treatment. The estimate assumes condom use in most-at-risk populations (MARPs) remains at 95%. Otherwise, a second-wave of HIV infections will occur (i.e., significantly increased HIV incidence) from female sex workers, their clients and sweethearts. MSM and drug users may also potentially be significant contributors to any second-wave of HIV infections. Populations who may be especially vulnerable for HIV infection are female partners of high-risk males, mobile populations, and urban and out-of-school youth.
2. Water Festival
From the early time, Cambodian history is basically built from water. From archeological findings, it is found that since the first century, Cambodia was connected to the outside world such as China and Mediterranean countries through O Keo (renamed as Oc Eo and now situated in a Viet Nam) sea port. The adoption of the Devaraja which marked the opening of Angkorian era was organized on the top of Kulen Mountain with the water fall. Thousands lingam was carved on stone underneath of the water of Kbal Spean in
4 NCHADS, Report of a Consensus Workshop. HIV Estimates and Projections for Cambodia 2006‐2012. 2007. All epidemiological data in this section are drawn from these estimates, unless otherwise indicated. 5 Neal, J. Overview of the HIV Epidemic in Cambodia. 2007. 8 Siem Reap to bless all the Cambodian people to be protected from all threats and misfortune and to be prosperous for ever.
From early 9th Century to 15th century, Cambodia dominated the South East Asia with a great Empire with the city based at Angkor. The King Jayavarman VII becomes famous with his success over Chams in Tonle Sap in 12th Century.Western scholars believe that the strategic location of the country with a strong command on a large portion of Mekong River and especially Tonle Sap Lake did definitely contribute into the emergence and birth of the powerful Khmer Empire. At that time this city was made of more than million people at the moment that London had barely 350,000 habitants6
Water has been a part of Khmer culture and identity longtime before the arrival of external cultures. Water festival and boats racing has been organizing for centuries to commemorate the gratitude of the Khmer people to Water spirit.
Nowadays, Water Festival is the biggest social event of Cambodia which attracts a huge number of people to come to Phnom Penh to participate and to watch the boat races and to cheer the glory of their respective provinces. For 2007 the water festival committee and the Mayor Hall of Phnom Penh estimated that 2-3 millions people joined this special ceremony over the period covering 23-25 November 2007. From the media, it is worth mentioning that 472 Boats with 217 pairs have been enrolled in the race involving 26,085 people coming from 23 provinces/ municipalities. As usual, a minority of the boat racers are women (only 472 out of the total).
3. Water Festival Campaign
With the past experiences over more than decade in the struggle against HIV/AIDS, it is recognized that after boat-racing or watching boat-racing, some at risk people are using this opportunity to indulge with casual sex either with sex workers of entertainment establishments around Phnom Penh or with their sweethearts.
To prevent HIV/AIDS transmission in this particular event, National AIDS Authority (NAA), a multi-sectoral coordination body of government ministries and the HIV/AIDS Coordinating Committee (HACC) coordinated their efforts to jointly share the responsibilities in organizing a special HIV/AIDS campaign the National Water Festival from 22 to 25 November 2007.
Day 1 : Thursday, 22 November 2007 Day 2 : Friday, 23 November 2007 Day 3 : Saturday, 24 November 2007 Day 4 : Sunday, 25 November 2007
6 Milton Osborne, The Mekong , 1997 9 Part II: Research & Monitoring of the WFC
1. Rationale
Over more than a decade that there were joint collaboration between Government institutions and Civil Society Organizations in organizing HIV/AIDS Campaign during Water Festival. However, relevant stakeholders especially campaign organizers and donors were not very well informed about the progress towards the achievement of the expected outputs of the campaign .More importantly they want to know whether it is worth expanding their support for the next campaign.
These are the reasons why Research and Monitoring of the campaign have been designed for the first time as part of the 12th Water Festival campaign strategy.
2. Objectives
The Research and Monitoring of the WFC intends not only to describe the proceeding of activities of this massive health promotion operation but also to provide an analytical view to whole process of the campaign arrangement from the design down to the implementation.
Ultimately it aims to collect the lesson learnt from all stake holders and formulate recommendations for the next campaign to maximize its effectiveness and efficiency.
3. Methodology
1. Relevant literature from UNAIDS, NAA, NCHADS, HACC, and Civil Society Campaign TWG including budget and all speech of guest speakers during the events was read and reviewed. 2. Focus Group Discussion were conducted with Out Reach Volunteers 3. Interviews with key informants were held: a. from Phnom Penh :campaign organizers, volunteers, boat racers, sex workers, NGO representatives working with sex workers b. Phnom Penh /Provinces (Deputy Program Manager of Phnom Penh , Provincial AIDS Manager of Pursat ,Health Care Workers of Baray District of Kampong Thom, ). 4. Observation on hot spots areas (e.g. Tourl Kork Dike areas ) were conducted 5. Participatory Observation to Volunteers Orientation was done 6. Materials for distribution including Calendars, Leaflets , Poster, T-Shirt, Caps, and Banners....were reviewed 7. Volunteer reports reviewed 8. Primary and secondary data from WFC were analyzed
10 Part III: Findings
1. Goal, Objectives and expected out puts of the WFC
From the Action plan, the goal of the WFC is not clearly written .The last bullet of the expectations of the campaign, “Cambodia will reduce the HIV/AIDS prevalence among the adults (Age: 15-49)”could be modified to become the goal of WFC.
Campaign organizers formulated the objectives of WFC as followed:
1. Promoting HIV/AIDS information, disseminating IEC material, and improving the situation by rising towards awareness of Cambodian people to reduce their risk behaviour of receiving and spreading HIV. 2. Increasing the involvement of the community's response to HIV/AIDS. 3. Strengthening the networking to respond to increasing demands for care treatment and support for PLHIV, families and develop a multi-sectoral response.
The expected outputs of the campaign can be extracted from the action plan and are listed as followed:
1. At least 2 million people expect to participate in this ceremony. Most of them will read the slogan on the banner, pay attention on Supper crazy men, participate around the stage of HACC and get the knowledge and key messages from HACC volunteers and working groups. 2. After outreaching on Water Festival Ceremony, most people will get the knowledge from the event and can prevent them self away from HIV/AIDS and STI. 3. Most of them will change high risk behaviors and become peer educating to their friends. 4. Most of them will use condom to protect HIV/AIDS, STI and birth spacing. 5. Cambodia will reduce the HIV/AIDS prevalence among the adults (Age: 15- 49).
2. Water Festival Campaign Preparation
Structure For managing both campaigns, Water Festival (WFC) and World AIDS Day (WAC), an Organizing Committee has been established from the participation of Special Task Force Working Group of HACC and Advocacy and Communications Working Group of NAA to design, to plan and to coordinate the implementations of activities of the agreed work plan.
At a lower level, three Working Groups namely, On stage Working Group, IEC Working Group and Volunteers Outreach Working Group, were formed from officers of HACC members, to carry out the activities of the WFC work plan.
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Figure 1: Structure for the organization of 2007 Water Festival Campaign
HACC NAA Technical Working Groups Communicati (105 NGOs) on&Resource Mobilisation • Prevention TWG Department • Treatment Care & Advocacy and Support TWG Communication WG UNs , Donors • Impact Mitigation TWG • Policy and Advocacy TWG • …………………….. Task Force WG • Resource Mobilization
Overall MC Management Orientation 36 NGOs
Students Outreach WG IEC WG On stage WG TV, Radio &News
Documentary film
M & E
Organizing Committee Several meetings were conducted for the preparation of the 2007 WFC. The first and the third meetings were conducted by Special Task Force Working Group of HACC with its representatives while the second and the fourth meetings were conducted with the joint participation of NAA and HACC representatives.
The first meeting was organized on 18 July 2007 with 14 people coming from 12 HACC members to brainstorm on the design of the WFC based on the experiences and the lesson learnt of last year (2006).The main outputs of the first meeting were basically focusing on the main activities and the sites of actions.
Key issues that have been covered in the first meeting were: o the decision to coordinate with NAA to arrange WFC o Main activities for the campaign namely , Press Conference , Outreach activities , On stage activities , Research and Monitoring o Sites selections o Some innovative ideas was raised e.g. Super Crazy Men , Interventions with Brothel Owners to strengthen 100% CUP, Balloons with message on HIV/AIDS, Big Screen Movie , Involvement of private sector
12 The second meeting was conducted on 7th September by the National AIDS Authority through the Advocacy and Communication Working with participation of GOs and NGOs representatives (11 Officers from 9 NGOs/ Ministries). The main decisions covered the following issues: o HACC will be responsible for Press Conference o A Stage will be erected on the East River Bank o HACC will be responsible for a booth for distributing IEC Materials o HACC will take care on funding mobilizations and expenditure o For IEC activities : T- shirts, caps , posters, spot airing, documentary film production, Banners, Super Crazy Men
The fourth meeting was conducted on 20 September with the participation of 10 HACC members. During this meeting it was decided that: o All the shows that were planned to be done at Wat Phnom should be moved to East River Bank o The purpose and the characteristics of Super Crazy Men should be clearly defined especially for getting permission from the Local Authority of Phnom Penh o Outreach activities were decided to shift from markets to communities ; this activity will be organized for WAC instead o Based on the experiences over the previous years, leaflets should not be appropriate forms for this campaign o Calendar with key message of WFC would be a much better option However there was no unanimous understanding about messages that need to formulate for the target groups. Finally 4 key messages were developed after the discussion with the group. The submission for requesting funding support from KHANA would be 25 September 2007.
The fourth meeting was a participation of both AC WG of NAA and STF of HACC representatives. This allowed additional participation of UNICEF, CPN+ and CRC to the two previous meeting. In this meeting, tasks division was assigned to NAA and Special Task Force of HACC. NAA will be responsible for administrative arrangement of the campaign while HACC will take care of technical and financial part. It is decided that the main funding is to be flowed to HACC from sponsors organizations and donors. The cover letter of the proposal submission should be co- signed by both NAA and HACC. The main message of the campaign has been decided "Away from home, Lets stay safe from AIDS”.
From these meetings, HACC developed a draft Action plan for WFC which was subsequently updated and used for the proposal submission to sponsors and donors to mobilize resources to support planned activities.
Working Groups In order to carry out the activities listed in the Workplan, each Working Group worked out specific steps which lead to the achievement of their assigned tasks. For instance:
13 o Outreach WG managed to develop criteria for volunteer selection, draft TORs of the volunteer group, assign volunteer groups to selected sites , coordinate with University to mobilize students to participate , conduct orientation for volunteers and Super Crazy Men …
o IEC WG designed calendar and T-shirts with the message that have been agreed upon; called for educational materials e.g. posters , booklets , leaflets from HACC members; collected condoms from NAA and PSI…It is also worth mentioning that for this year , a Workshop on “HIV/AIDS Mainstreaming “ have been conducted for MC, Supper Stars and News agencies on 15 November 2007. Under the auspice of the Ministry of Information, more than 50 people attended this meeting with a strong support of H.E Khieu Kanharith, Minister of Information and H.E Dr. Teng Kunthy, Secretary General of NAA. The main purpose of the workshop is designed to update the participants with the most accurate data and encourage the Arts and media people to contribute to fighting HIV and AIDS from their field of expertise.
o On stage WG called for support from HACC members to share their involvement in the educational shows , provided technical inputs and oriented to the Drama Group with updated information and data ,
Resource Mobilization
For WFC, Thirteen Thousands and …USD were mobilized for HACC Members and donors to implement activities of the campaign. With less funding obtained, the Organizing Committee agreed to adapt the Action plan by removing the big screen Movie and by reducing the number of Outreach volunteers.
Administrative arrangement
The Communication and Resource Mobilization Department of the NAA was tasked to coordinate with Municipality Hall and the National Festival Committee to provide administrative back up to main activities of the campaign. Official permissions were given for having a stage erected in front of Wat Botum for On stage activities, allowing Volunteers to outreach people at markets / supermarkets , public places , permitting the shows of Super Crazy Men , have Banners hanged over main roads of Phnom Penh city .
3. Water Festival Campaign Achievement From 22 to 25 November, GOs and NGOs mobilize their joint efforts to implement a number of key actions of the work plan and succeed to generate the following results.
On stage: Opening ceremony On the morning 23 November 2007, the organizing committee celebrated the Opening ceremony to launch the WFC from a stage that was erected in front of Wat
14 Botum with the participation of 250 volunteers. In this occasion, speeches were delivered by Dr. Teng Kunthy, Secretary General of NAA, Dr. Kem Ley, Secretary General of HACC, Dr. Veng Thay, Municipal Health Department and. Starting with the updated situation of the epidemic, speakers draw attention of the volunteers with important hints to reinforce their understanding of the combined efforts government, civil society and private sector for the response to HIV/AIDS. For the implementation of campaign activities, volunteers were asked to focus their messages around the campaign theme, "Away from home, Let’s stay safe from AIDS. H.E May Sam; Permanent vice Chair of NAA closed his speech with warm acknowledgements to all contributors who lend financial and technical support to WFC.
It is interesting to mention that was some confusion on the epidemiological data and the achievement of the response given by the speakers because some of them used figures that have not been updated. Beyond the participation of volunteers and journalists and other media people there was a little involvement of the general public to this event since it was held early in the morning of the first day of the ceremony. From their feedback report, some volunteers suggested that this opening ceremony be shortened as they want to go straight to their assigned sites for outreach education.
On stage: Arts show & HIV/AIDS education From the Wat Botum Stage Art Shows were performed everyday from 15:00 to 21:00 throughout the Water Festival Campaign (22 -25 November).
To alert the public both from Phnom Penh and Provinces about the risk of HIV infection, traditional comic Ayai team succeeded in integrating messages on HIV/ADS into their show with popular stories and songs. It worth mentioning that the team used their knowledge and understanding they gained from the orientation for MC, TV presenter and media that was held on 15th November 2007.
Beyond the Traditional Ayai , most of the time the shows were performed by NGOs , Member of HACC with specific skills and experiences they have from their routine work and areas of responsibility i.e. community outreach , Stigma and Discrimination , Drug and HIV/AIDS... In order to increase the attention and especially the participation of the audience, a variety of shows ranging from short comedies, pop songs and music to quiz show and role play. Facilitators used their skills to adapt their messages to the selected audience (mostly young people, from 10 to 15 persons) that were invited to the stage. During four days, more than 400 T shirts were given to these people who participate in the shows and those to those who succeed to provide right answers to the quiz. Actually, it was not easy to accommodate the messages to the interest of mixed audience (city / province, young/old, male/female, rich/poor, literate / not literate ...). Besides, it is difficult to cut off wrong answers from participants in front of a large audience since the team was looking for their participation. It demands great skills from the MCs to manipulate this dilemma.
15 As for general observation, it is noticed that HACC/NAA stage is small, low, less decorated and not very well equipped as compared to the nearby commercial podiums. Sometimes, HIV/AIDS shows could even be distracted with their powerful lights and sounds. Besides, the lack of a booth for IEC Materials distribution limits the interaction with those who have particular interests on HIV/AIDS.
IEC Activities
From the Organizing Committee meeting, it was decided that 15 messages will be used for the WFC (See Annex IX). Those messages were sent to the printing shop for the development of 100 Banners that were hanged on the main roads of the city. The main theme of WFC was adopted by the organizing committee in its 2nd meeting .The English translation of the theme cakq¶ayBIRKYsar rYmKñabgáarBIemeraKeGds_ : is "Away from home, Let's stay safe from AIDS”
Similarly to other Working Group, IEC WG carried on the works that have been initiated during the preparation phase of WFC. For the whole campaign, 1,400 Posters , 1,000 leaflets, 350,000 condoms , 6,300 calendars and others educational materials were delivered by IEC WG to the Small Groups of the Outreach WG at the assigned sites .
Beyond these above activities, it is worth noticing that a documentary film team has been hired to capture the main event of the whole WFC. It will be used to share lesson learnt of 2007 WFC among HACC members enabling them better organize the next year WFC.
Super Crazy Men Two teams of Super Crazy Men were formed from USG and Khemara to attract attention from the public by attractive and bizarre dress and make up and acrobatic/comic dances …Messages related to HIV/AIDS given to the public focusing on the slogan of WFC through 6 shows. Skilful dancers and presenters draw a lot of attention especially with messages that can touch the feelings of the audience. This special activity is also aiming to encourage active participation from the audience especially those from provinces through quiz and gift …In this regards, MCs fail to go straight to the point and avoid discouraging wrong answers. Through these two teams, 9,000 Condoms and 200 T shirts have been distributed through six shows at Samdach Hun Sen Park and in front of Wat Phnom .It worth noticing that theses shows were also managed by the Outreach WG.
Outreach activities
Eleven officers from HACC members were tasked to arrange outreach activities of the WFC. As stated earlier, this Working Group is responsible in developing selection criteria, in conducting orientation of volunteers and in managing outreach activities.
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For 2007 WFC, 36 NGOs members sent their staff to participate in the outreach activities. Those NGOs have the responsibilities to select volunteers, to provide additional orientation to volunteers with updated situation and response on HIV/AIDS and to manage their small groups to the outreach sites. Actually, the number of volunteers has been reduced due to the lack of funding for this activity. As compared to 2007, the total number of volunteers was cut off almost by half.
During four days of the campaign, 67 Outreach teams were formulated from 578 NGOs workers / educators- time and 28 students-time to go the selected sites e.g. markets , supermarkets, public places ,... Certainly some people may involve in this activity more than once. For instance, there were six performances from two teams of Super Crazy Men
Table 1: Volunteers Calendar
Num. Number of Volunteers Day of Small Groups NGOs Students 22-Nov Morning 5 27 0 Afternoon 9 73 6 23-Nov Morning 6 98 12 Afternoon 12 110 0 24-Nov Morning 6 47 0 Afternoon 12 85 5 25-Nov Morning 6 52 0 Afternoon 12 86 5 Total 61 + 6 578 28
To better reach the target populations, Outreach WG selected particular sites for Small Groups to conduct their outreach activities. Basically, it intends to balance its reach to cover both general public of Phnom Penh and provinces as well as the boat racing teams at the east river bank.
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Table 2: Site for Outreach activities for 2007 WFC
# of # Super Outreach Crazy Men Site Groups shows Paragon Supermarket 3 Sorya Supermarket 3 Pencil Supermarket 3
Psar Deum Kor 1 Psar Thmey 1 Psar Chbar Ampov 1 Psar Olympic 1 Psar Chass 2
West site of Chrui Chanvar Bridge 3 Phnom Penh Port 3
Samdach Hun Sen Park 1 3 Naga Casino 2 Royal Palace 3 Wat Botum Garden 6 Wat Onnalom 3 Wat Phnom 7 Music Shows 3
East site of Chrui Chanvar Bridge 2 Kbal Koh 4 Kandal Koh 5 Chong Koh 6
Tourl Kork Dike 1
Total 61 6 Throughout the campaign volunteers succeeded to distribute 350,000 condoms, 6,300 Calendars, 1,400 Posters, 1000 leaflets…
18 Part IV: Analysis
1. Literature review on Information Guide for Developing a Campaign
In order to provide critical analysis on the organization, management and implementation of the WFC it is necessary to look for a reference which can be used to find out the weakness and issues of this campaign.
From the UNAIDS website a document, Information Guide for Developing a Campaign is found to be a very useful instrument for the analysis of WFC.
The guide asserts that “ A comprehensive plan should be developed at the outset which includes the following elements: 1. a starting point 2. an achievable goal, aims and measurable objectives 3. a slogan and identity 4. defined target groups and settings 5. key messages 6. key materials 7. key actions 8. monitoring and evaluation 9. an end point “
Therefore, for a campaign to be successful it needs preparation. In the case of WFC , we are looking towards extend campaigners can exploit the way public opinion and pressure can influence cultural behavior and practice for an effective prevention to HIV during Water Festival Ceremony.
2. Comparative analysis
1. At the starting point
At the beginning of the campaign the guide recommends the following elements:
Establishing the rationale with an outline of what needs to be changed and why. It need not be very long but it is vital in providing context for the campaign. Before setting campaign goals, aims and objectives and planning campaign activity it is important to ask the question ‘where are we now?’ and explore and describe the ‘starting point’, baseline or the status quo.
Early Consensus Building by identifying key stakeholders and then encouraging them to work together to agree how to describe the rationale is often the first major task of any campaign.
19 Engage potential critics and develop strategies for opponents to engage or deal with their strongest potential opponents and critics. Care needs to be taken to identify these individuals and organizations early on and develop targeted approaches for each of them.
A simple stakeholder analysis exercise through the basic SWOT analysis. This will help ensure that important groups such as NGOs, GOs institutions, activists groups will be also part of the organizing committee or Working Groups of the campaign.
From the interviews with key informants and the review of relevant documents such as action plan, meeting minutes, speeches, newspapers articles...it is found that:
HIV/AIDS situation in the country and the problem of HIV/AIDS during the Water Festival from was not accurately understood. The members of organizing committee , Working Groups and Small Groups to may not have a clear understanding on the dynamic of the current HIV/AIDS epidemic and the changes of the situation. Subsequently the rationale of and Consensus Building the campaign were not strongly formulated.
The engagement of other individuals and organisations to WFC is not yet largely open. It was a result of a lack of stakeholder analysis in the Organizing Committee Meetings. The participation of the Local Authority , Police and Municipal AIDS office of Phnom Penh , NGOs working with Sex workers ( CWPD, FHI, WHU,CPU...), Private sector ( CBCA), Labor Unions representatives… would very useful to better target MARP and their clients/ partners.
2. An achievable goal, aims and measurable objectives
The guide recommendations for the formulation of goal, aims and measurable objectives as followed: Goal: The goal needs to be clear and ambitious (to excite the imagination of potential participants). Many AIDS campaigns build on existing goals, for example the goals outlined in the Declaration of Commitment from the United Nations Special Session on HIV/AIDS in 2001.
Aims: Campaign aims help describe the way towards the ‘target’ or ‘final destination’. As compared to goal, aims should be more realistic in what they set out to achieve and can be written in any form but it is often useful to write them as short bullet points.
Objectives: An objective should be a measurable action or activity. If aims describe where we want to go and what it should look like then the objectives should help us understand how we will get there.
20 From the action plan of WFC, it was not clear why, where, what, when and how needed to deliver the campaign. From the findings in Part IV, a number of observation can be made: The Goal of the campaign is not clearly stated The aims and objectives were somehow mixed up with the expectations The lack of understanding of the status quo and the lack of the use of Strategic Information could be the factors that hamper the formulations of those key statements.
3. A slogan and identity
The guide recommends that although slogan can be interpreted in different ways, Good slogans are short and simple. It could be recognized by its special identity. Keeping the same slogan for the life of the campaign provides continuity, recognition and linkages.
For 2007, the organizing committee kept the slogan that have been used since 2006, "Away from home, Let's stay safe from AIDS” (cakq¶ayBIRKYsar rYmKñabgáar emeraKeGds_ : ). In Khmer language, the rhythm could make this slogan is easy to remember and it focus on the safety of those who travel away from home.
4. Define target groups and settings The guide emphasizes that good campaigns develop different strategies and approaches for the different constituent target groups identified in the stakeholder analysis. Once targets have been defined it may be decided that the best way to reach them through a particular setting.
From the action plan, the minutes of the Organizing Committee and WGs, and the interviews with key informants, it was not clear who are the focus of the campaign. There were a lot of information gaps regarding the target populations and settings. If the campaign is to be more effective, the following questions need to be answered:
z Site observation and key informant interviews with NGO working with SWs on the Tourl Kork dike seem to prove that very few boat racers did buy sex. But what about other areas?
z Not enough understanding about the provincial fan (Which segment of the population? where they stay? Do they buy sex? If yes what is the dimension and the settings? (Karaoke, beer garden, guesthouses?)
z Which segment of Phnom Penh citizen who are indulging in risky behavior: Uniformed Services? Unemployed Young people.
21 From the FGD with volunteers and key informant interviews, it is found that there was not always a common understanding about who are the targets groups and where (the settings) to reach them. This issue was also raised in Outreach report of the volunteers. The Interventions with Brothel Owners to strengthen 100% CUP which was raised in the first meeting of Special Task Force Working Group of HACC on 18 July 2007, was later dropped out. Only one team of Volunteers was assigned to outreach Sex workers on Tourl Kork Dike.
Settings: Site observations on Outreach activities for boat racers found that: At the east river bank: z Inconvenient slope z Disturbed by many activities ( orientation from the team leaders , massive marketing , heavy traffic, personal interest …) z Boat teams are mixed up and mingled to one another and to many peddlers
At the camping: In pagodas, schools… z Relaxed and quiet atmosphere ( almost no marketing ) z Boat racers team were grouped by provinces / Region: Easy to find connection ( e.g. commune councilors , district chief , health officer , team leader , sponsor , families …)
5. Key messages
The guide states that often there are core messages that apply to everyone targeted in the campaign with specific messages developed for particular target groups. Again to achieve maximum impact messages should be clear, short and concise.
From the 2007 WFC since the target were not well identified, there were not key messages for specific target populations. During the orientation, the issue of the specific messages for specific target groups was not brought into the agenda.
6. Key materials The guide asserts that generally a good national campaign will have a range of materials that will usually include posters and postcards, presentations, flyers and leaflets, fact sheets, petitions and a campaign website. A well-funded campaign may also decide to invest in paid-for advertising in print and broadcast media - although this is a luxury for many HIV/AIDS organizations.
For 2007 WFC, IEC WG contacted NCHADS, NAA, UN agencies and NGOs asking for IEC Materials that can be used for the campaign. Although there was explanation of the materials for to be distributed during orientation, volunteers were not informed about the use of particular materials for specific populations. Moreover, some materials were not appropriate for the campaign e.g. some are written in English, while some have been designed for different audience (e.g. poster about the use of antibiotics,). It is observed that most updated information on potential target groups
22 such as CDHS, TraC Survey, BSS, HSS, and SSS...were not used and made available to campaign network (speakers, moderators, volunteers). Since there was no fact sheets nor press release, media too did release inconsistent data on HIV situation and response.
7. Key actions From the guide it is asserted that a campaign should always aim to have active participation. If the campaign is focused on changing opinion and attitudes an action could be something as simple as encouraging people to sign a petition or to wear a red ribbon as a symbol of support and solidarity is another simple action that supports HIV/AIDS campaigns.
If the campaign’s focus is behavioral change linked to reducing the risk of HIV transmission an action might be obtaining condoms and using them.
In the action plan of 2007 WFC, some key actions have been prepared to reach target populations. These are Orientation of MC and media, Outreach activities, Super Crazy men and On stages activities. With the Key informant interviews, the concern about encouraging active participation of audience was raised. Moderators of On stages activities and Super Crazy men tried their best to encourage participation from the audience (especially young people). However there was not a good preparation of to link those activities with the media i.e. Short wave radio , TV so that volunteers and HIV hotline can communicate on air live with boat racers , boat committee and the general public around the topic of HIV/AIDS during WFC.
8. Raising campaign funds and resources
Important issues were identified in the guide: As the planning moves forward a ‘case’ for the campaign can be prepared. The case – which is often simply the presentation of the emerging goal, aims and objectives - is used to encourage partners to commit resources to the campaign.
Individuals and organizations who can offer practical resources like staff, technical expertise or funding should then be identified. This can take place as part of the stakeholder analysis exercise described earlier. Each potential contributor should be assessed as to what they might be able to bring to the campaign.
A plan to secure resources needed to deliver the campaign should then be developed to target the potential larger donors first – based on the assumption that a campaign that is already ‘moving’ is likely to attract greater support.
It may be a good idea to prioritize contributors who can offer some of the framework support needed for the campaign
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It is often useful to quantify all resources in money terms so that new partners can visualize for themselves what percentage of the overall campaign budget and expenditure is being asked of them.
As part of the WFC preparation process, an Action Plan has been developed based on the meeting of the Organizing Committee. As stated earlier, it was decided through Organizing Committee that both NAA and HACC co-sign the cover letter for proposal submission to donors and NGO members for contribution to the WFC. Some donors did specify items where they want to support while other leave to the Organizing committee to decide any uncovered need. Most of the mobilized funding has been handled and utilized by HACC to support key activities of the plan. Through interviews with key informants, it is found the division of the tasks among different bodies of the campaign network was lately decided. This could be one of the causes leading to a reduction of the potential resources that could be mobilized.
9. Monitoring and Evaluation
Some important issues have been illustrated in the campaign guide: Monitoring and evaluation can take many forms and both formal and informal research should be encouraged throughout the life span of a campaign to inform new approaches and develop ideas.
Monitoring and evaluation is not an activity that should be left until the end of a Campaign but should occur throughout the campaign.
Campaigns usually look at two different types of research as part of monitoring and evaluation: qualitative and quantitative.
The 2007 WFC did incorporate Research and Monitoring as a part of the campaign process and it was arranged from the beginning of the campaign. The study focuses mainly on qualitative aspect.
It is recognized that the feedback reports from the Outreach volunteers are very useful to get the opinions and perceptions of both volunteers and target populations.
Volunteers report identified a number of issues related to outreach activities
Positive z Most of people are very receptive to outreach campaign especially on condom use/ demo , STI and reproductive health z Good opportunity for decriminalization of condom use especially for people coming from local community
24 z After a talk: Some people receive condoms but ask for package to wrap it up! z Foster an enabling environment for an open talk about AIDS , sexuality and reproductive health ( breaking the cultural barriers and the taboos ... )
Negative z Some believe that condom contain HIV z Some people are not interested, not polite, not literate, not serious, not disciplined z Some people do not care about the explanation but only want the calendar z Some are drunk while others are surprised about young women promoting condom z Some even harass young volunteers z Some show Stigma and Discrimination to PLHIV z Very few left IEC materials discard on the ground
10. End point
On 19 December, HACC organized a meeting with it members the findings of this Research and Monitoring have been presented to provide critical feedbacks on the whole aspects of WFC (mechanism, design and implementation). Subsequently, the recommendations from this study will help inform future campaigns that plan to tackle similar issues. It also allows HACC to acknowledge the contributions of everyone who became involved in the campaign as well as summarizing the progress towards the campaign’s initial goals.
3. Critical analysis
1. Strategic information
Updated Strategic information are very crucial for different steps of the campaign such as formulating of the campaign objectives, defining the dimension of the risk of further transmission of HIV, designing interventions of the campaign...
It is therefore recommended that the updated Strategic information be used by campaign organizers and their working groups and subsequently be disseminated to arts and media network
In this regard , the consensus workshop that have been released on 28 June 2007 , could have been used by campaign organizers in the development of their action plan , the orientation of arts and media and volunteers and the development of speeches , messages ... for the campaign network and
25 audience. More importantly, the draft extract summary of SRA could also be used to direct the focus towards on MARP and their partners.
The main risk of a second-wave of HIV infections occurring in Cambodia (i.e., significantly increased HIV incidence), is from female sex workers, their clients and sweethearts. MSM and drug users are potential significant contributors to any second-wave of HIV infections. Accordingly, prevention efforts under NSP II, 2008-2010 should give highest priority to these MARPs, especially sex workers and their commercial and non-commercial partners.
An example of the use of Strategic Information
If campaign organizers use the existing data from different sources, the dimension of the problem of risk during the Water Festival Ceremony could have been estimated.
Table 3: Dimension of possible HIV transmission through the 2007 WFC
From the calculation above, the dimension of the problem during the WFC could be stated as followed:
With 3 million people coming Water Festival, it is estimated that some of 63,000 men who have multiple partners7 . Some of them may use this
7 Based on 2005 CHDS : 9.5% of Cambodian men have multiple partners
26 opportunity to visit 1000 Brothel Based sex workers and 7,000 Entertainment Workers 6 in Phnom Penh while others would convince their sweet hearts to indulge with casual sex. More importantly, among these at risk groups, it is estimated that 12,000 infected people8 could potentially pass HIV to their partners if they fail to practice safe sex.
2. Mechanism and function
1. One remarkable observation for the WFC is the use of existing mechanism and network (AC WG of NAA, Special Task Force of HACC), to design campaign work plan/program and to deliver actions accordingly. 2. However, some important institutions which can provide important contribution to WFC such as Phnom Penh AIDS Office, NGOs working with Sex Workers, Sex workers associations, Local Authority were missing. This is resulted from the lack of Stake holder’s analysis. 3. From site observations, it is found that some activities on HIV/AIDS were undertaken by some NGOs during the WFC outside to the arrangement of HACC and NAA. 4. The lateness of division of labor among partners may delay the whole process i.e. “Who do what/ where/when/how? ˝ (Program, Finance, Admin and logistic). Good timing would also facilitate resource mobilization and increase the amount of mobilized funding for the campaign.
3. Elements of the campaign 1. From the above comparison, it is found that most elements of the campaign strategy exist. But the Stakeholders analysis is missing (SWOT analysis).It limits the participation of potential participation of key institutions which could remarkably contribute to the campaign especially in defining and reaching the MARPs. 2. Good understanding on campaign strategy by the campaign organizers was identified as a crucial issue for the design of an effective campaign. Their understanding on the elements of a good campaign is the good starting point for the design of the campaign. 3. The understanding of Organizing Committee and WGs about the campaign program could also be subject of improvement. The campaign would be more effective if the settings /channel, the key messages, the key materials and the timing are clearly defined to reach specific target groups.
4. How far the expected outputs of the campaign are achieved?
6 Report form PSI 2007 8 Based on Chas’s Consensus, the HIV prevalence rate among adult people (15‐49 Years old) is 0.9%
27 Through the descriptive part of the WFC, outputs of the campaign were achieved by the three Working Groups: • Orientation on HIV/AIDS done for 50 MC, Supper Stars and News agencies • 600 Volunteers distributed 350,000 condoms , 1000 T- shirts , 6,400 Calendars, 1400 Posters, 1000 leaflets • 100 Banners displayed 15 messages on HIV/AIDS in main roads across the city • 6 Shows performed by Super Crazy Men • Arts shows and AIDS Shows performed for 3 consecutives day of WFC
However, this study has a limitation of measuring the changes of behavior due to limited time lag between getting a message across to the target groups. It is not known to what extend the combined efforts during the whole campaign generates a reduction of casual sex and increases of condom use among MARPs and their clients / partners.
28 Part V: Recommendations
From the findings and the analysis of the 2007 WFC, the following recommendations are formulated for the next WFC.
1. General recommendations
1. The collaboration with epidemiologists and experienced program officers in the organizing committee could be very useful for the Starting Point of the campaign (Formulation of Goal, Aims, and Objectives). Beyond the use of Strategic Information, these people can also provide inputs for the development of information sheet and press release that can be distributed to campaign network.
2. Those who are involved in the campaign especially the organizers and the Working Groups need to familiar with the campaign guide (Information Guide for Developing a Campaign , UNAIDS) and adapt it with the Strategic Information and local situation to design the next WFC.
3. As referred to the guide Stakeholders analysis is very crucial to open the space for participation of important individuals and organization to join the campaign network especially the organizing committee. This mechanism could also be improved with a clear definition of roles and responsibilities of different bodies / individuals to move the tasks against the plan. For instance Organizing Committee is to be responsible for campaign strategy and Working Groups and their teams will concentrate their efforts on achieving campaign program. For an effective campaign, the National AIDS Authority should be more active in coordinating with relevant institutions.
4. An action plan need to be developed based on these above mentioned recommendations. From the starting point, this road map for events should be closely followed up to achieve the expected outputs.
5. To implement key actions, the selection of campaign implementers such as MC, facilitators and Volunteers and should be reviewed to look for people with experiences and skills required for successful implementation of those actions.
6. Technical orientation for Working Groups and their small groups should be revised. Strategic Information need to address the following issues : a- Understanding the current HIV/AIDS situation b- Understanding the problem of HIV/AIDS during the WF c- Understanding the profile of target populations and the appropriate prevention strategies d- Upgrading the skills to better focus actions to the defined target groups. e- Learning from the experiences and lessons of the previous campaign
29 7. For a design an effective Communication plan, the following recommendations should be considered :
Conduct FGD with the target groups
As recommended by the guide, to help establish the best ways to reach different groups local intelligence is needed. Where resources permit different approaches should be tested with Focus Groups Discussion (FGD) to assess which generate the best result before committing to a whole campaign. A focus group is usually between five and 14 people from the target group who are encouraged to offer feedback on messages and materials.
It would be useful for the next campaign to conduct FGD with a number of potential target populations such as sex workers of Phnom Penh city ( both brothel based and non brothel based ) , boat racers , provincial fan , uniformed services ... who had involved in 2007 Water festival Ceremony. They will provide quality information on how to best reach their peers (key materials, key messages, appropriate setting and channels …).
Campaign organizers should use updated information from different sources such as CDHS 2005, TraC Survey of PSI 2006, MOEYS, 2004: Youth Risk Behavior Survey, Impact Assessment of MOEYS HIV/AIDS Education Program (2007)…to better understand the profile of target populations. Experts on Health Education should be contacted to provide inputs on Strategic Behavior Communication design based on understanding of sexual behaviors of the target groups (key opportunity, ability, motivation factors).
To be effective , it is recommended to develop IEC ‘materials’ case studies, personal testimonials and photographs in order to provide human angle to the campaign. Efforts should be made with self- help groups of HBC teams to find people who are indulge with high risk behavior during WF ceremonies and use them to share their experiences to the next WFC. The key issue when compiling these particular campaign tools is to ensure the individuals concerned fully understand the implications of their involvement and have given written consent.
To encourage the participation of the volunteers and the target groups, efforts should be made to link key actions of the campaign with the media. Contact with short wave radio stations and local TV would make remarkable impact to the campaign if live talk could be arranged for them.
30 2. Specific recommendations to 2008 WFC Based on the lesson learnt from 2007 WFC, the following recommendations have been formulated for the next WFC.
Specific recommendations to 2008 WFC:
On stage
{ Suggestion about the Stage : o Option 1: Use the Forum of Festival Committee Orientation ( 22 Nov, 14:00 pm) o Option 2: Hire other stage e.g. Bayon TV,
{ Opening ceremony o Speeches : Check the content of UNAIDS Website and NCHADS Website to update the data & theme o Develop and distribute one page of facts sheet and another page for Press release o Audience : Encourage All Volunteers to participate in the launching ceremony
{ Arts Show and HIV/AIDS Education o Improve light and sound system of the stage o Organize booth for IEC distribution o Revise schedule and/or orient Comic teams to better integrate HIV/AIDS o Innovative approach to encourage participation from audience
Outreach activities
{ Selection of Volunteers : Revise the criteria to recruit HIV/AIDS CBO trainers especially young people to better influence their peers .It is better to involve more Students. { Orientation : By the campaign WGs and by their NGOs : o Goal& Objectives of the campaign, o Campaign strategy ( target groups and their profile ( may be with the assistance of SWs and NGOs working with Sex Workers) , settings , key messages, key materials …) o Interpersonal communication skills. o Selection of location o Linkages with relevant networks { Setting : o Markets : Better to target outside than inside , men than women e.g. Bus stations , moto-drivers, porters o East River banks: It is suggested to conduct AIDS awareness at the camping (pagodas, schools…) { Timing: Day 2: Not so crowded, not much disturbed by massive marketing … the
31 best day for out reach activities. { Encourage voluntarism , by arranging interviews on TV, Radio , magazine and newspapers to recognize their contribution to the WFC
IEC WG
{ Review IEC materials list to select relevant one for the purpose of WFC and appropriate for the target groups (Key messages and key materials on HIV/AIDS related information and services). { Include one page of facts sheet and another page for Press release for Outreach volunteers and other campaigners. { Arrangement with local authority to avoid miscommunication for the shows of the Super Crazy Men { To increase the coverage of the message it is suggested to use the Limon S1 for the banners ( easy to read for low literate people) { Support Min of Culture and Fine Arts to influence Arts and media networks ( on stage , radio broadcasting , cultural shows ) { Follow up MC orientation: Involve NGOs working with media to maximize the involvement of MC and arts & media (CHEC, CHEMS, Equal Access, 102 Radio, UNICEF…) { Synchronize efforts of the media during WFC : HIV/AIDS Hotline and Media ( Radio , TV, magazine ) o …for targeting vulnerable groups ( information and services on prevention , care and support ) o …and creating an enabling environment o …for encouraging voluntarism
Two innovative opinions Two innovative opinions are suggested for the next WFC: 1. Pre-departure orientation of Boat racers and their fan at local level o NAA to inform the designated Health Officers of the boat team to integrate HIV/AIDS orientation in the pre-departure meetings at local level (use the speakers from the self-help groups to share experiences to both racers and their fan).
2. Addressing Provincial fan while staying in Phnom Penh o Develop message for Radio and TV to encourage Phnom Penh citizen to inform their relatives coming to the WF to be aware about HIV/AIDS o Develop appropriate posters for household and for guest houses/ hotels.
32 Part VI: Conclusions
Through this research and monitoring critical issues of the arrangement, design and implementation of WFC have been identified. From extensive analysis, recommendations have been formulated for the development of the next campaign.
With an endeavor to better contribute to the achieve the targets of HIV/AIDS Program , this research and monitoring study of the 2007 WFC came up with the following concluding remarks :
1. From the analysis, the dimension of the risk during Water Festival Ceremonies should not be underestimated. It would be a great loss of opportunity if by any mean the campaign cannot be organized. It is indeed a unique occasion where most of MARP meet most of at risk population. If the cause is justified the next step is to conduct an effective intervention.
2. Throughout the findings and the analysis, it is recognized that HACC is playing an important role for the design, the implementation and the monitoring of the WFC. Tremendous efforts have been deployed in coordinating with members, partners and donors to prepare and to implement campaign program. But this is not enough and not critical for good campaign outputs. Organizing Committee needs to study and work more on campaign strategy and mobilize potential stakeholders to contribute their efforts on key actions for key populations.
3. Basic understanding of the updated dynamic of HIV/AIDS epidemic combined with the knowledge and skills required in the elements of good campaign and with a good management of the campaign machinery would remarkably contribute to behavior changes of the MARP and at risk populations who join this special occasion.
4. It is indeed another good example of collaboration between GOs, civil society and private sectors for the common struggle against HIV/AIDS where stakeholders come together to a join planning and share resources for the campaign implementation.
5. As stated in the analysis it is found that the outcomes of the campaign cannot be measured due to limited time of interventions. However some outputs indicators can be found and monitored .This campaign should not be considered as stand alone intervention but as a part of overall preventive efforts that have been undertaken by GOs, NGOs and private sector. Certainly it contributes to reinforce the behavior changes with targeted interventions and creation an enabling environment for those changes to occur.
33 Table 4: Calendar of Activities for the 2007 WFC Event Activities Date Place July August September October November
First Meeting by Special 18-Jul- HACC Task Force Working 07 Group of HACC Second Meeting organized 07-Sep- NAA by AC WG of the National 07 AIDS Authority Third Meeting of Special 20-Sep- HACC Task Force Working 07 Group of HACC Fourth Meeting by Special Oct-07 NAA Organizing Committee Task Force Working Group of HACC and National AIDS Authority Fifth meeting by Special Nov-07 HACC Task Force Working Group of HACC Submission of the proposal Oct-Nov HACC for funding request to KHANA Administrative Sept - arrangement for WFC Oct Working Outreach Meeting Nov-07 HACC Group Outreach Meeting Nov-07 HACC Outreach Volunteer Orientation 21-Nov- CENAT WG 07 Super Crazy Men 21-Nov- CENAT Orientation 07
34 IEC Working Group Sept - HACC coordination with Nov stakeholders ( Collection of IEC materials from HACC members, IEC WG NCHADS, NAA …) Workshop on “HIV/AIDS 15-Nov- Ministry of Mainstreaming for MC, 07 Information Supper Stars and News agencies.” Coordination with relevant Nov HACC On stage members which are WG interested is having the shows presented on Stage
With Sihanouk Hospital 22-Nov- Chong Focus Center of Hope ( SHCH) 07 Koh, East Team River Bank Group Research Discussion With HACC Volunteers 25-Nov Chao Praya and Restaurant Monitoring 22-25 Phnom On site observations Nov Penh Key Informant Interviews 22Nov- Phnom 30Nov Penh
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