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The Green Belt As a European Ecological Network Photo: Klaus Leidorf Proceedings of the 1 Ilke Marschall (ed.) Marion Müller (ed.) Matthias Gather (ed.) Photo: Stanislava Dešnik strengths and gaps - Photo: Klaus Leidorf GreenNet Conference: st Graphic: BUND – Project Office Green Belt The Green Belt as a European Ecological Network Photo: Klaus Leidorf Proceedings of the 1 Berichte des Instituts Verkehr und Raum Band 10 (2012) ISSN 1868-8586 The Green Belt as a European Ecological Network – strengths and gaps st Proceedings of the 1st GreenNet Conference, 31 of January 2012, Erfurt The GreenNet project is implemented through the CENTRAL EUROPE programme co-financed by the ERDF Editors: Ilke Marschall Matthias Gather Marion Müller April 2012 University of Applied Sciences Erfurt (Fachhochschule Erfurt) Department of Landscape Architecture &Transport and Spatial Planning Institute Altonaer Straße 25 99085 Erfurt, Germany phone: +49 / 361 / 6700 524 fax: +49 / 361 / 6700 757 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] internet: www.fh-erfurt.de/lgf/la/. www.verkehr-und-raum.de ISSN 1868-8586 Proceedings of the 1st GreenNet Conference, 31st of Jan. 2012: “The Green Belt as a European Ecological Network – strengths and gaps” Contents INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................. 1 Key notes ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS: A SOCIETY APPROACH FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Rob H.G. Jongman.................................................................................................................................................. 3 GREEN BELT EUROPE – STRUCTURE OF THE INITIATIVE AND SIGNIFICANCE FOR A PAN EUROPEAN NETWORK Liana Geidezis, Melanie Kreutz……………………………………………………………................................. 12 THE GERMAN GREEN BELT AS BACKBONE OF THE NATIONAL ECOLOGICAL NETWORK Uwe Riecken, Peter Finck……………………………………………………………………………………….. 22 THE GREEN BELT IN THURINGIA – A VISIONARY IDEA Karl-Friedrich Thöne…………………………………………………………………………………………...... 28 Biodiversity at the European Green Belt MONITORING BIODIVERSITY OF THE THURINGIAN GREEN BELT Helmut Schlumprecht, Julia Laube……………………………………………………………………………… 33 ENERGY WOOD USE AS A MEASURE OF LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT – AN APPROACH TO PRESERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY IN THE GREEN BELT? Norbert Grosser, Valeska Krebs…………………………………………………………………………………. 45 Ecological Networks - chances and challenges THE EUROPEAN NATURA 2000 NETWORK AS A FACTOR FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE ORE MOUNTAINS (GERMANY / CZECH REPUBLIC) Olaf Bastian, Christina Wachler, Markus Leibenath, Martin Neruda…………………………………………… 51 STUDY ON HABITAT NETWORKING IN STYRIA (Austria) / Developed within the framework of NATREG Hans-Jörg Raderbauer, Judith Drapela-Dhiflaoui, Brigitte Grießer, Martin Wieser, Horst Leitner, Johannes Leitner …………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 60 DETECTING GAPS – GIS-BASED INVENTORY OF ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS IN SELECTED CENTRAL EUROPEAN BORDER REGIONS Marco Neubert, Sylvi Bianchin………………………………………………………………………………….. 72 ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS: POTENTIAL OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES Hayriye Esbah, Edward Allen Cook, Serif Hepcan, Baris Kara, Bulent Deniz…………………………………. 80 Proceedings of the 1st GreenNet Conference, 31st of Jan. 2012: “The Green Belt as a European Ecological Network – strengths and gaps” RESEARCHERS DESPERATELY SEEKING STABLE 50-YEAR-OLD LANDSCAPES WITH PATCHES AND LONG, WIDE CORRIDORS Andrew J. Gregory, Paul Beier………………………………………………………………………………….. 87 RIVER RENATURALIZATION AS A STRATEGY FOR ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS Cheryl de Boer, Hans Bressers…………………………………………………………………………………... 96 REVIEW AND GAPS: EUROPEAN ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS IN THE PAST 40 YEARS Kun Zhang……………………………………………………………………………………………………….105 The European Green Belt as Cultural Heritage CULTURAL HERITAGE PILOT PROJECTS AT THE BALTIC GREEN BELT Stefanie Maack, Tuuli Veersalu, Henri Järv, Asnate Ziemele…………………………………………………..115 PERCEPTIBILITY OF THE CULTURAL VALUE OF THE GREEN BELT MONUMENT Andrea Früh……………………………………………………………………………………………………...127 Proceedings of the 1st GreenNet Conference, 31st of Jan. 2012: “The Green Belt as a European Ecological Network – strengths and gaps” INTRODUCTION These are the proceedings of the 1st scientific conference of the Central Europe project: “GreenNet – Promoting the Ecological Network in the European Green Belt”. GreenNet - scientific conferences 1. The Green Belt as a European Ecological Network – strengths and gaps 2012 2. Landscape policies and instruments in the partner countries – a benchmark 2013 3. Good examples of landscape action and successful measures 2014 The 1st scientific conference focused on the European Green Belt as an Ecological Network. The European Green Belt developed from the wasteland of the former death strip along the iron curtain through Europe over decades to a green life line in most areas with a rich and unique biodiversity and cultural heritage. This is a success story. So why is there a project GreenNet? The idea of the GreenNet-project results from the former GREENBELT-project (Interreg III B CADSES). GREENBELT highlighted the ecological most valuable areas. As one result it was recognized, that the gaps in the Green Belt cover more than 50%. These gaps are not protected and are subject to negative effects. Consequently the emphasis of GreenNet lays on developing and re-establishing an Ecological Network, bridging these gaps. An Ecological Network is the aim, but what exactly is meant by an Ecological Network and how do we reach it? What does it include or exclude? During GreenNet project meetings and contacts with stakeholders and interested persons it became obvious, that there are different understandings of “Ecological Networks” and how to start work in the pilot regions. The expression “Babylonian confusion“ was used in this context. A clear definition could help also to work out a methodology for and start working in the pilot regions. So what is it all about: The Ecological Network and of course the GreenNet project: “Promoting the Ecological Network in the European Green Belt”? Is it about pure nature protection? Is it also about sustainable regional development and cultural heritage? Is it about marketing and public relations? Is it about participation? And in which way do we integrate successfully all stakeholders and landowners? How far in the best case will bring us participation? Shouldn´t it also be about a large scale European and national landscape policy and spatial policy (top- down-approach)? And don´t we all use and need the ecosystem services or common benefits of Ecological Networks? Doesn´t it affect all of us, our civil society and our future? It is an honour for us to present you the Proceedings: “The Green Belt as a European Ecological Network – strengths and gaps” from all over Europe and beyond which will not only give answers to most of the above raised questions but also show their justification. As the theoretical definition (compare for example the articles from Jongman and Zhang) and the practical approach (compare for example the articles from Raderbauer et. al. and de Boer/Bressers) of Ecological Networks changed from a single target to a multifunctional approach in the last decades and years. Besides the importance of land use for biodiversity the articles point out a lot of synergies from Ecological Networks with other fields, for example water management, agriculture, cultural heritage, Natura 2000 and sustainable regional development, society and political issues. 1 Proceedings of the 1st GreenNet Conference, 31st of Jan. 2012: “The Green Belt as a European Ecological Network – strengths and gaps” Further the articles will give valuable impulses to several of the following 11 GreenNet core outputs: GreenNet - core outputs due by 1 Media contacts and partnerships, IP coordination 31.10.2011 2 Common transnational methodology to be applied in all pilot areas 31.01.2012 3 Transnational analysis (of safeguarding processes and instruments) 31.05.2012 4 Web based database with integrated GIS tool (local, regional, inter-and transnational level) 30.09.2012 5 Spatial hotspots (1 defined set of 2-3 spatial hotspots in the 5 pilot areas) 31.01.2013 6 Development of tools for dissemination of results 30.11.2013 7 Development of tools for safeguarding ecological networks 30.11.2013 8 Transnational management and protection strategy 31.03.2014 9 Target oriented lobbying 31.03.2014 10 Policy makers (ongoing lobbying activities) 31.03.2014 11 World heritage promotion (ongoing lobbying activities) 31.03.2014 Summarizing the panel discussion at the end of the conference, the speeches, articles and own thinking, there can be drawn following conclusions: The European Green Belt as an Ecological Network has an - unique throughout the world - natural and cultural heritage with an emotional human and political history, meaning and power. It symbolizes also, that something bad can turn into something good. Still it’s a narrow strip for an Ecological Network and the gaps in the Green Belt cover already more than 50%. Will it be possible to bridge the gaps and safeguard and develop the European Green Belt and other Ecological Networks? This is a huge task. Therefore the multifunctional approach of Ecological Network development with emphasis on synergies and win-win situations offers an enormous chance to raise acceptance, to go in the public, the civil society, involve the stakeholders, the affected policies. This offers also potential for a more sustainable land use and development in general for a long
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