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Bioefficacy and Safety of Cyantraniliprole 10 % (W/V) OD Against Sucking Pests in Cotton

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Bioefficacy and Safety of Cyantraniliprole 10 % (W/V) OD Against Sucking Pests in Cotton Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(2): 1405-1417 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 2 (2017) pp. 1405-1417 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.602.159 Bioefficacy and Safety of Cyantraniliprole 10 % (W/V) OD Against Sucking Pests in Cotton P. Karthik1*, T.Thiruveni1, K.Indirakumar1, K. Gunasekaran1, S. Kuttalam1 and V.M.Srinivasan2 1Department of Agricultural Entomology, TNAU, Coimbatore, India 2Department of Plant Pathology, TNAU, Coimbatore, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT K e yw or ds -1 Cyantraniliprole 10% OD at 90 g a.i.ha was significantly effective when Bioefficacy, Safety, sprayed twice at 15 days interval, minimized the sucking pests population New insecticide, and increased cotton kapas yield. Cyantraniliprole 10% OD treatments at 90, Sucking insect pest, -1 Natural enemy. 180 and 320 g a.i. ha concentrations had not caused any phytotoxic effects like injury to leaf tip, leaf surface, wilting, vein clearing, necrosis, epinasty Article Info and hyponasty. Cyantraniliprole 10% (w/v) OD showed the least effect Accepted: against the spiders. Spider’s population in cotton ecosystem showed 24 January 2017 considerable decrease initially in all the treatments, it started increasing in Available Online: later. 10 February 2017 Introduction Cotton (Gossypium spp.), is an important important part of the Indian agrarian agricultural commodity, traded all over the landscape and provides sustainable livelihood world. In general, the conditions required for to a sizeable population in India. It is the cultivation of cotton are met within the cultivated about 10.31 million hectares in the seasonally dry tropics and subtropics in the country, which accounts for 30 per cent of the Northern and Southern hemispheres. India has global cotton area and contributes to 22 per progressed substantially in improving both cent of the global cotton production. It is production and productivity of cotton over the estimated that more than 5.8 million farmers last five years, transforming from a net cultivate cotton in India and about 40-50 importer of cotton, to becoming one of the million people are employed directly or largest exporters, shipping 5.5 million bales in indirectly by the cotton industry. Cotton is 2010-11, second only to the USA. About 70 cultivated about 1.21 lakh hectares in Tamil per cent of the global cotton production Nadu (Anonymous, 2012). The yield loss to comes from four countries, which include cotton due to insect pests is 87 per cent (Taley China (27%), India (22%), USA (13%) and et al., 1988). Nearly 1,326 insects and mites Pakistan (8%). Cotton cultivation is a very all over the world and about 200 insects in 1405 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(2): 1405-1417 India have been documented of which ten are integrated pest management (IPM) concept. economically important in Tamil Nadu In IPM programmes, insecticides having (Venugopal, 1998). Major sucking pests selectivity, favouring non-target organisms consisting of Amrasca biguttula biguttula, like parasitoids and predators are highly Aphis gossypii, Thrips tabaci and Bemisia preferred. Formulations that are safe to the tabaci inflict heavy damage. applicant and more environment friendly are encouraged. One such new molecule, Chemical insecticides are used as the frontline cyantraniliprole 10% OD is a novel class of defence sources against these insect pests, in insecticide having a unique chemical structure spite of their drawbacks and the cotton used against broad spectrum of insects and growers in India depend heavily on synthetic safe to non-target insects (parasitoids, pesticides to combat pests and it has been predators and pollinators) and acts on estimated that cotton consumes about 54 per ryanodine receptor modulator. It is also used cent of the total insecticides used in the to control insects which are found resistant to country (Anonymous, 1997). Indiscriminate other insecticides and fits into IPM programs. use of organophosphates, carbamates and With the above background, investigations synthetic pyrethroids has created a number of were carried out on cyantraniliprole 10% OD, problems such as pests developing resistance to a new formulation. insecticides (McCaffery et al., 1989; Armes et al., 1994), pest resurgence (Hardin et al., Materials and Methods 1995) and bioconcentrations of pesticide residues in consumable produce at harvest In-vivo evaluation (Rolando et al., 1982). Among the harmful effects of insecticides, persistence of toxic Cyantraniliprole 10% OD was tested along pesticide residues in plants, soil and water are with eight treatments including untreated of great concern for consumer’s health and check replicated thrice in cotton during 2012 safety to animals. It is estimated that more and 2013 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural than 50 per cent of applied insecticides reach University, Coimbatore. The experiments the soil and water bodies during application were conducted in a randomized block design (Awasthi et al., 2002). with a plot size of 3 x 7m with three replications using the variety Surabhi. As chemical pesticides continue to be the Applications of different treatments were mainstay of most of the pest control imposed three times at an interval of 15 days programmes. At the same time, to overcome during fruit formation stage using a high the above problems, identification of new volume sprayer. The spraying was done molecules are needed to combat the during morning hours in such a way as to give associated drawbacks. At present, the golden uniform coverage on foliage and to avoid age of insecticide research has come with drift. A second spray was given 14 days after selective, neuro active and easily degradable first application or considering the sucking compounds. These newer molecules always pests and larval population crossing the ETL. have a higher stability and superiority over The treatments were imposed commencing conventional pesticides to control the pest from 65th day after planting with pneumatic population in a classical manner at field level. knapsack sprayer using 500 litres of spray In this array, newer groups with higher fluid per hectare. The data on percentage were insecticidal property, selective action and transformed in to arcsine values and the lower mammalian toxicity fits well in the population number into √X+0.5 before 1406 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(2): 1405-1417 statistical analysis. The mean values were Finally, it was computed to quintal ha-1 and the separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range same was subjected to statistical analysis. Test (DMRT). The treatments evaluated were as follows: Results and discussion S. Dose Efficacy of cyantraniliprole 10% (w/v) OD Name of the treatment No g a.i ha-1 against sucking pests 1 Cyantraniliprole 10% OD 45 2 Cyantraniliprole 10% OD 60 Jassids, Amrasca biguttula biguttula 3 Cyantraniliprole 10% OD 75 The first and second season experiment was 4 Cyantraniliprole 10% OD 90 conducted to evaluate the bioefficacy of 5 Cyantraniliprole 10% OD 105 cyantraniliprole 10% OD against jassids on 6 Chlorantraniliprole 20% SC 40 cotton at TNAU, Coimbatore. After 7 days of 7 Acetamiprid 20 % SP 100 first spraying, significant reduction in jassids 8 Untreated check - population was observed in cyantraniliprole 10% OD treatments at 90 and 105 g a.i. ha-1 which recorded 8.90, 8.57 and 0.24, 0.23 Assessment of pest population jassids per three leaves plant-1, respectively. The standard insecticides viz., Sucking pests chlorantraniliprole 20% SC at 40 g a.i. ha-1 and acetamprid 20% SP at 100 g a.i. ha-1 Observations on sucking insect pests viz., recorded 61.23, 52.92 and 62.19, 50.42 per aphids, jassids, thrips, and whiteflies were cent reduction of jassids populations in first made before as well as on 7 day after each and second seasons, respectively. After application at three leaves per plant, one each second application, cyantraniliprole 10% OD from top, middle and bottom region from 5 at 90 and 105 g a.i. ha-1 recorded 90.15, 90.15 randomly selected plants per plot, random, and 95.87, 95.87 per cent reduction in jassids leaving border rows. population at 7 days after spraying in first and second seasons, respectively (Table1). Natural enemies (Spiders) Whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci In both the field trials, the natural enemies’ Seven days after application of fauna viz., spiders were recorded and the cyantraniliprole 10% OD at 105 and 90 g a.i. diversity of spiders was assessed at insecticide ha-1 were on par with each other in first and treated plots in cotton ecosystem from first and second spray (1.00, 1.33 and 0.30, 0.47 nos. second experiment. The number of spiders three leaves-1) followed by 75 g a.i. ha-1 was recorded on 5 randomly tagged plants per which recorded the lowest level of whitefly plot prior to application of insecticides and on population (2.47 and 1.67 nos. five leaves-1), 7 and 14 DAT in order to assess the effect of (Table 2). The same trend was noticed in insecticides. second season also. More than 90 per cent reduction of whitefly was observed after 7 Yield assessment days of application of cyantraniliprole 10% OD at 105 g a.i. ha- 1and 90 g a.i. ha-1. Cotton yield per plot was recorded from each picking and pooled to arrive the total yield. 1407 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(2): 1405-1417 Table.1 Effect of cyantraniliprole 10% OD on leaf hopper, A.biguttula biguttula in cotton for season I and
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