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Reducing Reliance on Insecticides to Manage Spotted Wing Drosophila

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Reducing Reliance on Insecticides to Manage Spotted Wing Drosophila Reducing reliance on insecticides to manage spotted wing drosophila Hannah Burrack, Katie Swoboda-Bhattarai, and Lauren Diepenbrock Department of Entomology Topics New SWD initiatives Research updates Pesticide rotation programs Timing insecticide applications Recommendations Development and Implementation of Systems-Based Organic Management Strategies for Spotted Wing Drosophila Three years: 1 Sept 2015 through 31 Aug 2018 Project goals: Support the development of novel organic SWD management strategies that will increase NOP compliant management options for growers and decrease their reliance on broad-spectrum insecticides. USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative Award Number 2015-51300-24154 OREI Objectives Objective 1: Develop semiochemical-based behavioral management tactics for SWD Objective 2: Develop cultural control tactics and evaluate their efficacy and feasibility for reduction of SWD damage Objective 3: Develop effective chemical control strategies that minimally disrupt biological suppression of pest complexes Objective 4: Develop an integrated outreach approach to evaluate and implement organic SWD management strategies Project Director: Ash Sial Ahmad University of Georgia Co-Project Directors: Hannah Burrack North Carolina State University Matt Grieshop Michigan State University Christelle Guedot University of Wisconsin-Madison Kelly Hamby University of Maryland Rufus Isaacs Michigan State University Donn Johnson University of Arkansas Jana Lee United States Department of Agriculture Tracy Leskey United States Department of Agriculture Oscar Liburd University of Florida Jennie Popp University of Arkansas Mary Rogers University of Minnesota Peter Shearer Oregon State University Alex Stone eOrganic – Oregon State University Vaughn Walton Oregon State University Frank Zalom University of California Davis Sustainable Spotted Wing Drosophila Management for United States Fruit Crops USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Specialty Crops Research Initiative (SCRI) Award number 2015-51181-24252 Sustainable Spotted Wing Drosophila Management for United States Fruit Crops Four years: 15 Sept 2015 through 14 Sept 2019 Project goals: To integrate SWD management practices with those necessary for other pest species, to reduce the reliance on insecticides as the sole means of SWD management, to deliver this information to stakeholders, and to facilitate stakeholder adoption of recommendations. USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Specialty Crops Research Initiative (SCRI) Award number 2015-51181-24252 Project participants NC State University Oregon State University Hannah Burrack, Entomology Vaughn Walton Max Scott, Entomology Peter Shearer Zack Brown, Ag & Resource Economics Cornell University Jean-Jaques Debois*, SIPMC Greg Loeb Rhonda Conlin*, Extension IT Miguel Gomez Michigan State Unversity Rutgers University Rufus Isaacs, Entomology Cesar Rodriguez-Saona Larry Gut, Entomology University of California, Davis Ke Dong, Entomology Joanna Chiu University of Maine Frank Zalom Frank Dummond University of California, Berkeley University of Notre Dame Kent Daane Zain Syed USDA-ARS University of Georgia Kim Hoelmer Ash Sial Stakeholder advisory board members (13) Objectives Objective 1: Implement and evaluate SWD management programs Objective 2: Develop tactics and tools that predict SWD risks Objective 3: Optimize SWD management programs Objectives Objective 1: Includes on farm research; economic modeling; extension & outreach Objective 2: Includes population models & interactive decision aids; sources of flies before, during & after fruit growing season; better monitoring tools Objective 3: Includes improvements to insecticides; insecticide resistance monitoring; biological control; post harvest management; GM SWD Crop- & region-specific IPM treatments developed with stakeholder input at annual P advisory board meeting r On farm research o Comparing current standard practices to integrated SWD c management systems On farm results On farm e research guide s Nationally coordinated field and laboratory research activities & s extension education Anticipated outputs Region & Crop appropriate SWD management programs that minimize insecticide use Interactive decision aids that help growers: predict SWD populations, minimize insecticide resistance risk, and plan management programs Educational productions including: websites, webinars, presentations & slide sets, publications, and interactive social media tools Topics New SWD initiatives Research updates Pesticide rotation programs Timing insecticide applications Recommendations Season-long management strategies Season long program Trade Name Active Ingredient Class Mustang Max zeta-cypermethrin pyrethroid Maximum modes of Malathion 8F malathion organophosphate action Delegate spinetoram spinosyn Malathion 8F malathion organophosphate Export Delegate spinteoram spinosyn Mustang Max zeta-cypermethrin pyrethroid Non organophosphate Delegate spinteoram spinosyn Season-long management strategies Blueberry (2013-2014) and Blackberry (2014-2015) Large scale (0.25 to 1.00 acre) plots Applications made with grower equipment Season-long management strategies Laboratory assessment - Bioassays: 0DAT & 7DAT Field-level assessment -Adult trapping -Larval infestation -Pesticide residue sampling -Berry samples collected 7 days after treatment -Analysis performed by Georgia Department of Agriculture Photos by Matt Bertone Season-long management strategies Laboratory assessment - Bioassays: 0DAT & 7DAT Field-level assessment -Adult trapping Adults were present at low number in all treatments, but did not differ -Larval infestation Infestation was detectable, but did not differ, for all treatments -Pesticide residue sampling -Berry samples collected 7 days after treatment -Analysis performed by Georgia Department of Agriculture Photos by Matt Bertone Season-long management strategies Infestation was present in all treatments Treatment 7/4/14 7/10/14 7/17/14* 7/24/14 Export Friendly 6.67 x 10-16 a 0.175 a 0.3063 a 3.8187 b Maximum MOA 0.025 a 0.025 a 0.2312 a 7.1688 a Non-organophosphate 6.67 x 10-16 a 0.00625 a 0.2062 a 2.6813 b There was no larval infestation during the first two weeks of this trial. *Final floricane treatment, grower managed treatment for primocane fruiting Photos by Matt Bertone Season-long management strategies Laboratory assessment - Bioassays: 0DAT & 7DAT All treatments had high adult mortality at 0 DAT, limited residual (7 DAT) Season-long management strategies Laboratory assessment - Bioassays: 0DAT & 7DAT At one 2015 location, Mustang Max reduced immature SWD more than other treatments even on dates where adult mortality did not differ week 1 week 2 week 3 week 4 6/12/15 6/19/15 6/26/15 7/3/15 Export-Friendly 35.33 ± 8.37a1 6.33 ± 3.23a3 10.67 ± 6.78a1 19.00 ± 3.92a3 Maximum Modes of Action (MOA) 2.67 ± 8.37b2 2.33 ± 3.23a1 9.50 ± 6.78a3 1.33 ± 3.92b2 Non-organophosphate 6.33 ± 8.37b2 11.00 ± 3.23a3 4.00 ± 6.78a2 0.00 ± 3.92b3 week 5 week 6 week 7 7/14/15 7/20/15 7/29/15 Export-Friendly 3.33 ± 2.12a1 6.67 ± 2.05a3 0.00 ± 1.07a1 Maximum Modes of Action (MOA) 2.00 ± 2.12a1 2.33 ± 2.05a3 2.33 ± 1.07a1 Non-organophosphate 0.00 ± 2.12a2 1.67 ± 2.05a3 0.00 ± 1.07a2 1Malathion, 2Mustang Max, 3Delegate Season-long management strategies Laboratory assessment - Bioassays: 0DAT & 7DAT At one 2015 location, Mustang Max reduced immature SWD more than other treatments even on dates where adult mortality did not differ AND had some residual activity Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Treatment Male Female Male Female Male Female Export-Friendly 0.00±0.14b1 0.00±0.06b1 0.00±0.04a3 0.00±0.04b3 0.53±0.18a1 0.60±0.25a1 Maximum Modes of 0.30±0.17ab2 0.30±0.07a2 0.07±0.04a1 0.13±0.04a1 0.60±0.18a3 0.47±0.25a3 Action (MOA) Non-organophosphate 0.47±0.14a2 0.27±0.06a2 0.00±0.04a3 0.00±0.04b3 0.80±0.18a2 0.80±0.25a2 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Treatment Male Female Male Female Male Female Export-Friendly 0.53±0.15a3 0.13±0.09b3 0.07±0.11a1 0.00±0.05b1 0.27±0.13a3 0.27±0.09a3 Maximum Modes of 0.67±0.15a2 0.47±0.09a2 0.13±0.11a1 0.13±0.05ab1 0.27±0.13a3 0.33±0.09a3 Action (MOA) Non-organophosphate 0.53±0.15a3 0.47±0.09a3 0.40±0.11a2 0.27±0.05a2 0.33±0.13a3 0.00±0.09b3 1Malathion, 2Mustang Max, 3Delegate How long is an insecticide detectable? Insecticide 0.06 Max 0.05 Min MRL Amount of 0.04 residue detected 0.03 ppm each week 0.02 0.01 0 6/24/2014 7/2/2014 7/8/2014 7/23/2014 7/30/2014 8/6/2014 8/12/2014 Date material was applied E.U. U.S. 2014 Blackberry: Export JAP 0.06 0.25 Malathion Delegate 0.05 High 0.2 Low 0.04 0.15 0.03 0.1 0.02 millionperparts parts per millionperparts High 0.05 0.01 Low 0 0 E.U. U.S. 2014 Blackberry: Maximum MOA JAP 0.25 Delegate High 0.2 Low 0.15 0.1 0.05 parts per millionperparts 0 0.06 High 0.15 Malathion Mustang Max High 0.05 Low 0.13 Low 0.11 0.04 0.09 0.03 0.07 0.02 0.05 parts per millionperparts parts per millionperparts 0.03 0.01 0.01 0 -0.01 E.U. U.S. 2014 Blackberry: Non OP JAP 0.25 0.15 High High Delegate Mustang Max 0.13 Low 0.2 Low 0.11 0.15 0.09 0.07 0.1 0.05 parts per millionperparts 0.05 millionperparts 0.03 0.01 0 -0.01 How long are insecticides detectable? Lowest residue Lowest residue detected- HIGH Days after detected- LOW Days after Active Ingredient Year Treatment (ppm) application (ppm) application Export 0.016 13 0.006 15 Spinetoram 2014 (Delegate) Max MOA 0.009 21 0.000 7 Non-OP 0.016 15 0.000 6 Export 0.027 15 0.000 7 Malathion 2014 Max MOA 0.000 21 0.000 15
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