2005 Fruit and Vegetable Crops Research Report Edited by Brent Rowell, John Snyder, and Chris Smigell
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2005 Fruit and Vegetable Crops Research Report Edited by Brent Rowell, John Snyder, and Chris Smigell Faculty, Staff , Students, and Grower Cooperators Jeff Porter, Henderson County Horticulture Farm (Horticulture) Acknowledgment Horticulture Student Workers Mark Reese, Scott County Ben Abell Chris Rivera, Caldwell County Grants from the Agricultural Faculty (Family & Consumer Services) Development Board through David Asher Tom Cottrell Daniel Bastin Glenn Roberts, Wayne County the Kentucky Horticulture Glenn Williams, Laurel County Council have allowed an Rick Durham Martin Crowley Terry Jones Chris Fuehr Beth Wilson, Pulaski County expansion of the fi eld research John Wilson, Madison County and demonstration program S. Kaan Kurtural Scott Pfeiff er to meet the informational Joseph Masabni Keiff er Shuler and educational needs of our Brent Rowell Neal Watts Kentucky State University growing vegetable and fruit John Snyder David Wayne industries. John Strang Erin Yost Faculty Mark Williams George F. Antonious (Dept. of Important note to readers Area Extension Associates Entomology Plant and Soil Sciences) Tejinder S. Kochhar (Dept. of The majority of research Joe Williams, Pennyrile, western Faculty Biology) Kentucky (vegetables and reports in this volume do Ric Bessin not include treatments with fruits) experimental pesticides. It Nathan Howard, Green River, Berea College should be understood that any northwestern Kentucky Plant Pathology experimental pesticide must (vegetables) Faculty fi rst be labeled for the crop Nathan Howell, Mammoth Faculty Sean Clark (Agriculture & Natural in question before it can be Cave, south-central Kentucky Resources Department) (vegetables) John Hartman used by growers, regardless Christopher Schardl of how it might have been Amanda Ferguson Sears, eastern Kentucky (vegetables) Kenny Seebold Grower/Cooperators used in research trials. The Paul Vincelli most recent product label is Bonnie Sigmon, Laurel and surrounding counties, Andre Barbour the fi nal authority concerning Professional Staff application rates, precautions, southeastern Kentucky Brent Bennett harvest intervals, and other (vegetables) Paul Bachi Kevin Bland relevant information. Contact Chris Smigell, Bluegrass, central Julie Beale Glenn Calebs your county’s Cooperative Kentucky (small fruits) Ed Dixon John Coots Extension Service if you need Dave Spalding, Bluegrass, Minos Cox assistance in interpreting central Kentucky (vegetables) Graduate Student Tony Donathin pesticide labels. Nicki Mundell Colby and Wayne Dorroh Horticulture Farm Manager Garry and Barry Eblen This is a progress report and may Darrell Slone Dan Flanagan not refl ect exactly the fi nal outcome Agricultural Economics Rick Gardner of ongoing projects. Please do not Horticulture Farms Staff Teresa, Herb, and Sandra reproduce project reports for distribution and Technical Staff Faculty Giandrea without permission of the authors. Tim Woods Jackie Gray Katie Bale David Hundley Sherri Dutton Mention or display of a trademark, Professional Staff Max Kinsett proprietary product, or fi rm in text Courtney Hart Loyal Land or fi gures does not constitute an Philip Ray Hays Matt Ernst Doug Martin endorsement and does not imply June Johnston Roland McIntosh approval to the exclusion of other Dave Lowry Extension Agents for Perry McLimore suitable products or fi rms. Janet Pfeiff er Carol Sigmon Kirk Ranta Agriculture and Horticulture Ted Walker Hilda Rogers Carroll Whitfi ll April Satanek Shane Bogle, Caldwell County Joel Wilson Bonka Vaneva Chris Clark, Hart County Dwight Wolfe Harold Eli, Christian County Susan Fox, Lyon County Other Collaborators Graduate Students Gary Hamilton, Bath County Audrey Horrall Pat Hardesty, Taylor County Imed E. Dami, The Ohio State Derek Law Clint Hardy, Daviess County University Brandon O’Daniel Annette Meyer Heisdorff er, Dena C. Fiacchino, Cornell Katie Russell Daviess County (Horticulture) University Cooperative Carol Hinton, Breckinridge Extension International Student County Michael Cavigelli, USDA Interns (Thailand) Mike Keen, Henderson County Robert L. Jarret, USDA/ARS (Horticulture) Wutthiphan Dadkunthot Ricky Miller, Breckinridge County Chinnakorn Thaophim (KSU Small-Farm Assistant) Tom Mills, Rockcastle County Contents Introduction UK Fruit and Vegetable Program Overview.....................................................................................................................5 Getting the Most Out of Research Reports .....................................................................................................................6 Produce Marketing Intentions Survey—Direct Marketing Continues to Grow ................................................9 Price Trends for Selected Kentucky Vegetable Crops from Diff erent Market Channels in 2004 and 2005 .................................................................................................................................... 11 Demonstrations On-Farm Commercial Vegetable Demonstrations in Central Kentucky ...........................................................14 On-Farm Commercial Vegetable Demonstrations in South-Central Kentucky with Observations on Seedless Mini-Watermelon Production ............................................................................................................ 15 On-Farm Commercial Vegetable Demonstrations in Southeastern Kentucky ............................................... 17 On-Farm Vegetable Demonstrations in Northwestern Kentucky ........................................................................ 18 On-Farm Commercial Vegetable Demonstrations in Western Kentucky .........................................................20 Grapes and Wine Enology Extension Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 22 Mapping Grape Growing Regions for Kentucky ......................................................................................................... 22 2000 Wine Grape Cultivar Trial ......................................................................................................................................... 24 Evaluation of Eastern European Wine Grape Cultivars for Kentucky ................................................................. 25 Vinifera Grape Training Trial .............................................................................................................................................. 31 Fall Weed Control in Grapes ............................................................................................................................................... 32 Weed Control in Non-Bearing Grapes ........................................................................................................................... 33 Phylogenetic Analysis of Kentucky Strains of Xylella fastidiosa, Cause of Grape Pierce’s Disease ............ 34 Small Fruits Establishment Costs for Sustainable Blueberry Production .................................................................................... 36 Blueberry Cultivar Trial for Eastern Kentucky ............................................................................................................ 37 Survival of Blueberry Cultivars in Western Kentucky ............................................................................................... 39 Evaluation of Th ornless Semi-Erect and Erect Blackberry Varieties and Training Systems ........................40 Tree Fruits Rootstock and Interstem Eff ects on Pome Fruit Trees .............................................................................................. 42 Asian Pear, Apple, and Peach Variety Demonstrations ............................................................................................. 44 Fall Weed Control in Apples and Peaches ...................................................................................................................... 45 Vegetables Fall Broccoli Cultivar Trial, Northwestern Kentucky ................................................................................................. 48 Bell Pepper Evaluations for Yield and Quality in Eastern Kentucky ..................................................................... 49 Bell Pepper Cultivar Evaluations for Yield and Quality in Central Kentucky .................................................... 51 Eff ect of Transplant Size on Yields and Returns of Bell Peppers ........................................................................... 53 Field Observations on Jalapeño Pepper Cultivars in South-Central Kentucky ...............................................55 Weed Control in Bell Peppers ............................................................................................................................................. 56 Gourmet Potato Production Using Plasticulture ........................................................................................................ 57 Weed Control in No-Till Pumpkins ................................................................................................................................. 58 Evaluation of Fungicides and Cultivars for Management of Powdery Mildew on Yellow Squash ............60 Synergistic Sweet Corn Evaluations in Eastern Kentucky ....................................................................................... 63 Synergistic Sweet Corn Evaluations in Central Kentucky .....................................................................................