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2G Scam, 139, 148–53, 174N78, 189–90, 210 Aam Aadmi Party Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-51983-7 — When Ideas Matter Bilal A. Baloch Index More Information Index 2G scam, 139, 148–53, 174n78, All-India Congress Committee 189–90, 210 (AICC), 65, 77n17, 108–09 83rd Plenary Session of, 143 Aam Aadmi Party (AAP), 168 All-India Radio, 66 Adarsh Housing Society Scam All India Students’ Association, 143 (2002), 138 All India Trinamool Congress administrative bureaucracy (TMC), 137 corruption in, 206 Ambedkar, B. R., 131n129 politicization of, 206 American imperialism, 24 Administrative Reforms Commission, Anand Marg, 62, 70 80n49, 172n51 anti-CAA protests, in BJP-governed advocacy coalitions, 21 states, 232 Agnivesh, Swami, 147 anti-corruption movements, 2–3, 5, 7, agrarian society, 56 13, 20, 41n39, 98, 159, 227, Ahluwalia, Montek Singh, 177n128, 232 198, 200 in Brazil, 233–34 Ahmed, Fakhruddin Ali, 56, 69, 71 in Bulgaria, 241 Aiyar, Yamini, 230 credibility crisis in India and, 4–6 Akali Dal, 62 function of, 236 Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha, India Against Corruption (IAC) 172n48 movement (see India Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Prasad Against Corruption [IAC] (ABVP), 82n61 movement) Allahabad High Court judgment, in Indonesia, 237 against corrupt campaign Jayaprakash Narayan movement practices, 66–67, 70 (see Jayaprakash Narayan All India Anna Dravida Munnetra movement [ JPM, 1974– Kazhagam (AIDMK), 51n103 75]) All-India Conference of Educators in Malaysia, 239 for Secularism, Socialism, and mobilization of religious nationalist Democracy (1975), 99 groups within, 24 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-51983-7 — When Ideas Matter Bilal A. Baloch Index More Information INDEX National Coordination Bhagwati, Jagdish, 198–99, 219n72, Committee (NCC), 66 220n73, 221n79 in Romania, 243 Bhagwat, Mohan, 142 in Turkey, 235–36 Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 12, anti-corruption ombudsman, 158. See 14n11, 91, 152, 182, 228, 241. also Jan Lokpal Bill, Lokpal See also National Democratic (anti-corruption ombudsman) Alliance (NDA) anti-corruption reform measures, 187 anti-CAA protests in BJP- anti-national activities and governed states, 232 associations, 102 association with Baba Ramdev, 185 legislation banning, 102 Citizenship Amendment Act anti-poverty programs, 114 (CAA, 2019), 231 anti-social behaviors, 28 concepts of the Indian nation Antony, A. K., 147, 156 under, 229 Article 370, revocation of (2019), 23, economic order under, 229 231 election manifesto, 231 Arya Samaj, 172n48 Hindutva ideology, 229 Arya Veer, 172n48 ideological homogenization under, Association for Democratic Reforms 230 (ADR), 224n106 support for the IAC, 183 Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal, 235 Bharatiya Lok Dal (BLD), 62 Austin, Henry, 117n2 bhrashtachar hatao (remove auxiliary hypothesis, 23, 34n1, 44n59 corruption) movement, 116 Bhushan, Prashant, 144 backwardness, notion of, 204 Bhushan, Shanti, 144 Balachandran, K., 72 Bihar famine (1966–67), 57 balance-of-payments crisis (1991), Bihar Movement. See Jayaprakash 189, 196–97 Narayan movement ( JPM, Balogh, Thomas, 114 1974–75) bandh (strike), 167 black money, issue of, 58, 185 banks, nationalization of, 101, 107–08, Blyth, Mark, 26, 44n54 128n105 Border Security Force, 103 Supreme Court’s striking down of Brazil, credibility crises in, 233–35 ordinances on, 111 anti-corruption demonstrations, Barooah, D. K., 66, 68, 70, 72 233–34 Barr, William P., 227 Lula da Silva, Luiz Inácio, 233 Bedi, Kiran, 141–42, 144, 171n40 “national pact” of reforms, 234 Bersih (clean) movement (Malaysia), Odebrecht scandal, 234 239 Rousseff, Dilma, 233–34 306 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-51983-7 — When Ideas Matter Bilal A. Baloch Index More Information INDEX Workers’ Party coalition (PT), Citizen’s Charter, 159 233–34 Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA, Bretton Woods, 198 2019), 231, 251n29 Bulgaria, credibility crises in, 241–42 anti-CAA protests in BJP- anti-corruption protests, 241 governed states, 232 Ataka Party, 242 citizenship, principle for, 231 Bulgarian Socialist Party, 242 citizenship verification processes, Movement for Rights and government’s push for, 232 Freedoms, 242 citizens, rights of, 32 Movement for Rights and civic activism, 207 Freedoms party, 242 in rights-based movements, 31 nationwide protests over austerity coal allocations scam, 139, 141 measures, 242 CAG report on, 142 Oresharski, Plamen, 241–42 coalition government, 1, 3, 9, 32, bullying and intimidating 35n8, 48n79, 51n105, 135, subordinates, 28 201, 203, 214, 222n94, 237, bumiputra (indigenous Malay), 239 242–43 bureaucracy, distrust of, 32 coalition politics, 49n89 bureaucrats, management of, 206 institutional inflexibility of, 165 business–state nexus, 209 cognitive locking, 45n63, 119n6 collusive corruption, democratization cabinet members, parliamentary of, 212 control of, 8 Common Minimum Program Camdessus, Michel, 198 (CMP), 136, 204 Cardoso, Fernando Henrique, 234 communal organizations, 110 Carras, Mary, 101 communal violence, 110, 123n61, 146, Central Bureau of Investigation 232 (CBI), 139 Communist Party of India (Marxist) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (CPI[M]), 51n103, 160 alleged meddling in Indian Comptroller and Auditor General politics, 41n38 (CAG) Reports, 8, 138–40, Central Reserve of Police, 103 153, 160, 191, 216n44 Century Bank (Indonesia), 237–38 on coal allocations scandal, 142 Chandra, Naresh, 178n144, 202, 246 exposure of government Chatterjee, Bhola, 64 corruption, 140 Chaudhuri, Rudra, 134n151 Confederation of Indian Industry Chavan, Y. B., 68, 93, 115 (CII), 143 Chidambaram, P., 149, 159, 160, 162, Congress (O), 55, 62, 128n100 167, 177n128, 184, 198 right-of-center Congress, 105 307 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-51983-7 — When Ideas Matter Bilal A. Baloch Index More Information INDEX Congress (R), 55, 56, 90 coronavirus pandemic, 231–32 AICC meeting, 108–09, 111 corruption scandals, 3, 54, 57 constitutional bills, 113 2G spectrum, 139, 148–53, difference in manifestos compared 174n78, 189–90, 210 with right parties, 110 Adarsh Housing Society Scam government under Indira Gandhi, (2002), 138 111–16 allegations of, 58 “Harijan” (Scheduled Caste) bhrashtachar hatao (remove welfare, 112 corruption) movement, ideology of, 105, 109–11 116 nationalization program proposed bribery of politicians, 58 by, 108 coal allocations scam, 139, 141–42, party split and rise of, 105–09 158, 160 Pledge to People, 112 as consequence of economic plenary session in Bombay, 109 liberalization and reforms, secularism, socialism, and minority 192 rights, 109–11 and corrupt state, 58–60 Tasks Before the Organization, Delhi Commonwealth Games 112 (2010), 138, 152 Congress Forum for Socialist Action demonstrations against, 57 (CFSA), 77n17, 126n88 exposure of, 58 Congress Party. See Indian National Fodder Scam, 208 Congress food grains scam in UP, 139 Congress Socialist Party (CSP), 57 global levels of, 209 Congress Working Committee Group of Ministers (GOM) (CWC), 87n114, 110 committee for Constitution of India investigation of, 143 amendments of handling of the L. N. Mishra case, 25th Amendment, 113 59 during the Emergency, 111 Indira Gandhi’s abuse of state parliament’s power for, 113 mechanisms, 92 Article 31 of, 113 in Indonesia, 237 Article 352 of, 69, 71 JP demonstrations against, 61 Article 368 of, 113 Maruti factory near Gurgaon, 58 Article 370 of, 23, 231 Pondicherry License Scam, 58–59 Fundamental Rights, 113 sale of trade licenses for private objectives of, 113 favors, 58 Part III of, 113 corrupt state narrative consumption–investment balance, 210 and credibility crisis, 4–6, 57–64 308 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-51983-7 — When Ideas Matter Bilal A. Baloch Index More Information INDEX crystallization of, 137–40 authoritative positions of power in exposure of, 61 the UPA, 31 handling of the Mishra case, 59 distribution and salience of power national-level collective action, 4 among, 27 scandals and, 58–60 exchange of ideas, 51n101 social and political ideals, 5 faith and confidence in Indira cottage industry, 107 Gandhi’s leadership, 68 credibility crisis, in India, 152. See also goal of, 38n20 cross-national perspectives, ideational anchoring of, 31 during credibility crises incentive structures and priorities, and anti-corruption movement, 31 4, 26 from minority communities, 27 behavior of decision-making elites in Prime Minister’s Office (PMO), during, 16 153–54 corrupt state narrative and, 4–6, decision-making, 7, 9, 23, 25, 214 57–64 behavioral psychology of, 25 determinants of government during credibility crises in India, 16 behavior during, 4 “fast” system of, 26 re-establishment of, 26 government decision-making, 2, 5 and rise of drivers of, 19 IAC, 140–43 in India, 227, 244–47 JPM, 60–62 Indira Gandhi’s executive power to technocrats authoritative positions monopolize, 53, 69, 229 of power during, 43 Kahneman and Tversky approach visions of, 31–34 to, 25–26 crony capitalism, 186, 191, 194, 204, monopolization of, 9 208–09 power and, 25–31 cross-national perspectives, during preceding the Emergency, 67 credibility crises “slow” system of, 26 in Brazil, 233–35 during the UPA government, 197 in Bulgaria, 241–42 decision-making behaviors in developing democracies, 232–44 anti-social, 28 in Indonesia, 237–39 pro-social, 28 in Malaysia, 239–41 risk-seeking, 26, 29 in Romania, 243–44 Delhi Commonwealth Games (2010)
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