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Jumbo Squid (Dosidicus Gigas), Studies from Mexico

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Jumbo Squid (Dosidicus Gigas), Studies from Mexico Jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas), studies from Mexico. Fishery, Ecology & Climate Salinas-Zavala C.A. & CIBNOR-Jumbo-Squid-Team: S. Camarillo-Coop, A. Mejia-Rebollo, R. Rosas-Luis, J. Ramos-Castillejos, R. Ramírez-Rojo, D Arizmendi, G. Bazzino, N. Dimaté & U. Markaida-Aburto. [email protected] Honolulu, Hawaii, nov. 2006 OUTLINE •FISHERY. •Geographical context. Transition Climate Zone •Landings & Retrospective •Socioeconomics aspects •ECOLOGY. •Gulf of California Studies •Populations structure variability •Juveniles studies •West Coast of Baja & California Current Studies •Adults Spatial Distribution •Growth & Age •Feeding •Paralarvae collected •CLIMATE •ENSO vs. Spatial distribution changes •Biological Action Centers (BAC´S) •Some indicators of parallelisms between south/north hemispheres •REMARCKS FISHERY Fishery Geographic context Oceanic thermic condition Transition Zone High interannual variability Fishery Fishing i n west Landings (t) Landings &Retrospective 100,000 120,000 140,000 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 coast 0 1971 1974 Artisanal period 1977 1980 Japanese exploring 1983 1986 No fishing period 1989 La Niña 88-89 1992 Exploring west coast El Niño conditions 1995 1998 El Niño 97-98 La Niña 99-00 2001 2004 2005 El Niño 03-04 2007 Period high abundance Fishery Socioeconomics aspects Populations dynamics scarce knowledge. Fourth fishery in Mexico. Employs more than 3,500 fishermens in the Northwest Mexico. Mantain the fishery industry active & create parallel industries. Beneficious for the regional people. High potential to development add value industry. Fishery Socioeconomics aspects Table I. Nominal & Real average price of Jumbo Squid in Guaymas for 1995 and 2003 Pangas Ships 1995 2003 1995 2003 Average nominal price 1.33 1.32 1.43 1.64 Average real price* 0.81 0.34 0.86 0.43 Price of 2003 equivalent to 1.7 2.6 1995 *Deflactation used Index of products-prices from Bank of Mexico 1994=0. Source: Data from landings records of major & minor boats, Fishery Office in Guaymas, Son. 4.00 3.50 (pesos) 3.00 each 2.50 b n 2.00 o e c 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 Average pri 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Year Ship Average Price Pangas Average Price ECOLOGY ¨To increase the knowledge for the management of marine resources¨ Ecology Gulf of California Studies 1. Interannual variability of the populations structure FEMALES 80 70 60 Our results indicate the existence of a strong 50 variability in the population structure of jumbo squid ML (cm) 40 within the Gulf of California, mainly at level of the 30 sizes structure, which is reflected in the size of first 20 10 maturity. The changes in the abundance and 1996 1997 1998 1999 2003 2004 population structure of jumbo squid seem to be YEAR MALES related not only to the occurrence of events El Niño 80 but also to the intensity or magnitude of such. 70 Figure show interannual variability of the mantle 60 dorsal length (MDL) of jumbo squid in Santa 50 Rosalía, BCS, Mexico. Data before 2003 from (cm) ML 40 Markaida (2002 & 2006) 30 20 10 1996 1997 1998 1999 2003 2004 YEAR Bazzino, et al., 2006 submitted Ecology Gulf of California Studies 2. Presence of paralarvae During 2003 and 2004 were made in Santa Rosalia BCS monthly, nocturnal and superficial trawls with a conical simple net (60 cm of diameter and 505 µ). Organisms corresponding to the Rhynchoteuthion paralarvae characteristic of the Family Ommastrephidae were collected, which would indicate that the area is also used to carry out the spawning of this specie. 100 2003 2004 80 60 Ind. 40 20 0 JFMAMJJASOND Months Ecology Presence of juveniles in the Gulf of California & West Coast In research cruises inside and outside the Gulf of California, juveniles organisms with MDL between 1,81 - 8,58 cm were collected with dip-net, which suggests an ample distribution of the spawning & nursery grounds. These organisms are preserved in alcohol for future genetic analyses Ecology Importance of the jumbo squid in the pelagic ecosystem of the Gulf of California Nombre del Grupo Biomasa P/B Q/B EE (ton/km-2) base anual base anual 1 Aves marinas 0.01300 0.379 73.769 2 Cachalote 0.03 0.03 5.275 3 Mamíferos marinos 0.015 0.08 20.252 4 Tiburones pelágicos 0.473 7.628 0.736 Control top-down in central 5 Pelágicos mayores 0.195 1.257 9.747 0.7 6 Pelágicos medianos 1.109 0.885 5.198 0.965 part of the Gulf of California 7 Pelágicos menores 5.742 4.505 15.722 0.94 8 Demersales 1.792 0.956 3.782 0.869 9 Myctophidae 0.863 1.592 7.262 0.803 10 Calamar gigante 0.568 3.252 13.819 11 Eufausidos 1.1 7 24.886 12 Langostilla 2.7 1.201 17.362 13 Macrobentos 0.8320 3.48 12.704 0.907 14 Camarones 0.59 2.29 26.198 15 Zooplancton 12 25.678 86.264 0.900 16 Meiobentos 2.113 11.284 39.52 17 Fitoplancton 95.952 0.9 18 Detritus 3 Rosas-Luis, 2005 Ecology West Coast off Peninsula of Baja California Studies Sampling squid Ecology West Coast off Peninsula of Baja California Studies Adults distribution 32 30 32 28 11000 .4.45 5 30 26 1 3.3 11 3 .35 5 32 28 11117. 4.45 5 24 IMECOCAL 0401/02 30 1 34.42 26 11223 .1.4242535. 2 -118 -116 -114 -112 -110 11227 .6.6 110.6 32 28 113.5 24 32 117.55 103.5 IMECOCAL 0404/05 120.61520.6 30 26 22 123.6 107.55 30 7 1110.37 1271.52 .45 110.415 0.4 -118 1513.4 130.5 113.4 -116 -11 28 113.6 24 133.55 117.55 11 .61517.6 32 4 7 28 . 137.153745 -112 -110 IMECOCAL 0407 120.65 26 123.42 123.6 22 1 7.1527.45 30 127.552 26 -118 -116 -114 -112 -110 130.5 24 32 28 24 2004 22 IMECOCAL 0410 30 -118 -116 -114 -112 -110 IMECOCAL 0501/02 26 The presence of the22 adults has been continously -118 -116 -114 -112 -110 32 28 24 30 IMECOCAL 0504/05 26 22 -118 -116 -114 -112 -110 28 the last two years 24 26 22 -118 -116 -114 -112 -110 24 IMECOCAL 0510 2005 22 -118 -116 -114 -112 -110 Mejia-Rebollo, 2006 Ecology West Coast off Peninsula of Baja California Studies Growth & Age Table II. Statistics comparation between growth curves of jumbo squid D. gigas from West coast 2004 & Gulf of California 1995-1997, in accordance for Integral Logistic Model. N number of individuals, SCR Residual square residuals, MCR Residual Exp2, *** P<0.001 Sex N Parameters SCR MCR F(3,385) P Females CO 143 Y∞ =877.5 1255.39 8.9035 K=0.009536 To=234.9 51.50 *** GC 247 Y∞=896.1 489250 2005 K=0.0118 To=235 Males CO 46 Y∞=792.1 328.4971 7.465 K= 0.01065 To=214.3 12.24 *** GC 133 Y∞=842.1 236077 1815 k=0.0116 to=223.3 Data for GC from Markaida, 2002 The growing parameters are statistically different between GC and CO Mejia-Rebollo, 2006 Ecology West Coast off Peninsula of Baja California Studies Feeding Tabla III. Porcentage of preys in the diet of jumbo squid in the west coast of Baja California Peninsula Preys 2004 2005 Pleuroncodes planipes 61.45 74.77 Main prey Vincingueria spp 12.71 8.41 Mictophidae 2.78 2.04 Copepoda 10.25 Pteropoda 2.72 0.51 Piscies 0.90 3.56 Octopoda 0.11 0.59 Teuthidae 2.91 1.78 MONI 1.63 2.21 Others 4.54 6.13 Rosas-Luis, in prepation Ecology West Coast off Peninsula of Baja California Studies Feeding during the day ¨…..During a research cruise on board of BIP XII of the CIBNOR at March, 2005 were observed jumbo squids feeding during the day and surface at 23° 26.84´ LN and 110° 39.84´ LW (12:35 p.m.). The great abundance of red crab (Pleuroncodes planipes) in the surface was evident and the squids swam throughout of them. When they were feeding elevated its arms and tentacles outside the water. Nine organisms were collected, eight were females in stages III, IV & V of maturity and one male in advanced stage of maturity V. The average of MDL was of 73,9 (♀) and 63,0 (♂) cm. Figure show squid feeding red crab in surface during the day and squid with red crab between arms.….¨ Ecology West Coast off Peninsula of Baja California Studies Paralarvae preserved on ethanol 252 Rhynchoteuthion 2005 Ramos-Castillejos, in preparation CLIMATE ¨Scales of variability & marine resources¨ Climate ENSO vs Changes Distribution of Jumbo Squid La Niña 1999 El Niño 1997 AREA Fishing site Santa Rosalía Santa Rosalía, Santa María, Cabo Vírgenes San Lucas San Lucas San Bruno San Bruno Mulegè Mulegé, Bahía Concepción, Punta Chivato, San Nicolás, Bahía de Santa Inés, El Coloradito, Isla San Marcos, Roca Lobos Loreto Ensenada Blanca, Ligui, Loreto Bahía de la Paz, Isla Espíritu Santo, San Juan de la Costa, El Coyote, Isla La Paz San José, El Sausoso, Pichilingue, San Evaristo Puerto Adolfo López Mateos, Buena Vista, Aguas Litorales, Bahía Bahía Magdalena Magdalena, Isla Magdalena, Puerto San Carlos, Banderitas, Punta Entrada Dimaté, 2004 Climate Basin effects on changes distribution of Jumbo Squid? Jumbo squid from West Coast off Baja Possible mechanism to explain the expansion of Dosidicus gigas population into the north hemisphere Dosidicus gigas 32° 9801-02 9807 ? 30° 28° 26° 24° 118° 116° 114° 112° 118° 116° 114° 112° Org / 1000 m 3 1 - 15 16 - 63 64 - 255 256 - 1023 Camarillo-Coop, 2006 When El Niño events… BACs Punta Banda Punta Eugenia 1997 Bahía Magdalena Oligotrophic waters San Diego Bight 2000+ Monterey Bay Exist parallelisms between South & North Hemispheres? Jumbo squid Landings Mexico Peru 250000 120,000 100,000 200000 80,000 150000 60,000 tons 100000 40,000 Captura (t) 20,000 50000 0 0 0 2 6 8 0 9 9 9 9 0 9 9 9 9 0 1986 1988 1 1 1994 1 1 2 2002 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005* Año * Preliminary Jigging Fleet Artisanal fleet Total 16000 14000 12000 10000 Chile 8000 6000 Landings (t) Landings 370,000 t in 2005! 4000 2000 0 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Spreading distribution Sitka, Alaska Photo: Dr.
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