The Black River Watershed Management Plan
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Watershed Characterization Report for the The Black River Watershed Management Plan This document was prepared for the New York State Department of State Division of Coastal Resources with funds provided under Title 11 of the Environmental Protection Fund. TABLE OF CONTENTS Black River Watershed Management Plan CHARACTERIZATION REPORT 1.1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. STUDY AREA DELINEATION.................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1. The Watershed ................................................................................................................ 2 1.2.2. Subwatersheds................................................................................................................. 2 1.3. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................... 3 1.3.1. Development Trends........................................................................................................ 3 1.3.2. Regional Planning............................................................................................................. 7 1.4. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WATERSHED............................................................... 8 1.4.1. Land Use and Land Cover................................................................................................. 8 1.4.2. Topography................................................................................................................... 16 1.4.3. Hydrology ..................................................................................................................... 18 1.4.4. Natural Resources .......................................................................................................... 29 1.5. IMPAIRMENTS AND THREATS............................................................................................... 46 1.5.1. Introduction................................................................................................................... 46 1.5.2. Threats to the Black River Watershed............................................................................... 46 ENDNOTES ....................................................................................................................................... 53 TABLE OF CONTENTS Black River Watershed Management Plan CHARACTERIZATION REPORT List of Tables and Figure* Table 1. Communities of the Black River Watershed Page 2 Table 2. Subwatersheds of the Black River Watershed Page 3 Table 3. Historic and Projected Population for Watershed Counties Page 4 Table 4. Historic and Projected Population for Watershed and Subwatersheds Page 5 Table 5. Projected Population and Urban Area Change, 2000 to 2020 Page 6 Table 6. Projected Land Cover Change, 2001 to 2020 Page 7 Table 7. Black River Watershed Land Use Page 9 Table 8. Land Use Type Descriptions Page 10 Table 9. NYSDEC Lands Page 12 Table 10.Land Cover, Black River Watershed, 2001 Page 12 Table 11.Land Cover Type Descriptions Page 13 Table 12.Land Cover Change, 1992 to 2001 Page 14 Table 13.Soil Hydrologic Group Page 16 Table 14.Elevations Page 17 Table 15.Climate Data, 1971 to 2000 Page 18 Table 16.Average Annual Precipitation by Subwatershed Page 19 Table 17.Discharge and Recurrence Intervals Page 20 Table 18.Discharges for Selected Recurrence Intervals Page 21 Table 19.Annual Mean Flow Page 22 Table 20.Steep Slopes Page 23 Table 21.Wetland Habitats Page 25 Table 22.Aquifers Page 27 Table 23.Class A and AA Streams Page 28 Figure 1. Change to Urban Land Areas, 1992 to 2001 Page 15 * Please note additional Tables and all Maps are included in a supplemental document, entitled “Black River Watershed Management Plan Characterization Report Appendices.” BLACK RIVER WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN CHARACTERIZATION REPORT 1.1. INTRODUCTION The Black River Watershed Characterization Report examines the existing conditions of the Black River watershed, incorporating summaries of the physical conditions of the natural and built environments. The character of the watershed has undergone a myriad of changes over the last century, some beneficial and some detrimental, with many implications to the physical environment. The Characterization Report looks at how shifts in key industry sectors, agricultural practices, changes to population centers, development patterns, and technology have, and will likely continue to, impact the natural resources and water quality within the watershed. The Black River Watershed Characterization Report includes the following key components: x Identification and discussion of watershed boundaries, at both the watershed and the subwatershed level; x Physical characteristics of the watershed including land use and cover, topography, hydrology, and natural resources; x Planning considerations which may have implications on the watershed including population trends, build-out potentials, and related regional planning efforts; and, x Water quality characteristics, including impairments and threats. THE ACADEMY Page 1 OF NATURAL SCIENCES BLACK RIVER WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN CHARACTERIZATION REPORT 1.2. STUDY AREA DELINEATION 1.2.1. The Watershed The Black River drains approximately 1.2 million acres of the western slopes of the Adirondack Mountains and the eastern edge of the Tug Hill Plateau before emptying into Lake Ontario near Watertown (see Map 1). The Adirondack portion of the watershed is drained, for the most part, by two large watercourses – the Beaver River and the Moose River – and several smaller tributaries (e.g., Independence River, Otter Creek, Woodhull Creek). The Tug Hill region of the Black River watershed, however, is characterized predominantly by numerous small tributaries flowing over steep slopes.i As a whole, there are approximately 4,000 miles of rivers and streams within the watershed, as well as more than 500 lakes and ponds covering approximately 35,000 acres. Traversed by this 1.2 million acre watershed are portions of five counties – Hamilton County, Herkimer County, Jefferson County, Lewis County, and Oneida County – and their associated cities, towns, and villages (see Map 2). In all, one city (Watertown), 37 towns, and 18 villages are wholly or partially located within the Black River watershed: Table 1. Communities of the Black River Watershed Hamilton County Herkimer County Jefferson County Lewis County Oneida County Town of Arietta Town of Ohio City of Watertown Town of Croghan Town of Ava Town of Inlet Town of Russia Town of Brownville Town of Denmark Town of Booneville Town of Lake Pleasant Town of Webb Town of Champion Town of Greig Town of Forestport Town of Long Lake Town of Hounsfield Town of Harrisburg Town of Remsen Town of Morehouse Town of Le Ray Town of Lewis Town of Steuben Village of Speculator Town of Pamelia Town of Leyden Village of Booneville Town of Rutland Town of Lowville Town of Watertown Town of Lyonsdale Town of Wilna Town of Martinsburg Town of Worth Town of Montague Village of Black River Town of New Bremen Village of Brownville Town of Pinckney Village of Carthage Town of Turin Village of Deferiet Town of Watson Village of Dexter Town of West Turin Village of Glen Park Village of Castorland Village of Herrings Village of Constableville Village of West Carthage Village of Copenhagen Village of Croghan Village of Lowville Village of Lyons Falls Village of Port Leyden Village of Turin 1.2.2. Subwatersheds Subwatersheds are those areas from which groundwater and surface water drain and contribute to the flow of a larger watershed or drainage basin. Nineteen subwatersheds comprise the Black River watershed (see Map 3). Table 1 provides a list of the subwatersheds, as well as the size, relative percent cover, and HUC-11 (Hydrologic Unit Boundary) identification numbers for each. Developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), hydrologic unit boundaries provide a hierarchical method for delineating and identifying drainage basins to ensure a working, seamless dataset across community THE ACADEMY Page 2 OF NATURAL SCIENCES BLACK RIVER WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN CHARACTERIZATION REPORT lines. Each watershed is assigned a unique hydrologic unit code according to its size and location, with the larger 8-digit sub-basins (e.g., the Black River watershed) subdivided into smaller 11-digit subwatersheds (e.g., the 19 subwatersheds within the Black River watershed). Table 2. Subwatersheds of the Black River Watershed SUBWATERSHED HUC ACRES PERCENT OF IDENTIFICATION NO. TOTAL LAND Beaver Creek 04150101150 98,761 8.1% Crystal Creek 04150101130 17,085 1.4% Cummings Creek 04150101030 14,212 1.2% Deer River 04150101170 62,270 5.1% Fish Creek 04150101080 14,966 1.2% Independence River 04150101110 61,074 5.0% Lower Black River 04150101190 39,532 3.2% Lower Black Middle River 04150101180 51,985 4.3% Middle Black River 04150101160 81,353 6.7% Middle Branch Moose River --- 94,880 7.8% Mill Creek 04150101120 22,512 1.8% Moose River 04150101070 46,711 3.8% Otter Creek 04150101090 42,181 3.5% South Branch Moose River 04150101050 135,713 11.1% Stillwater Reservoir 04150101140 109,992 9.0% Sugar River 04150101040 44,732 3.7% Upper Middle Black River 04150101100 102,016 8.4% Upper Black River 04150101020 115,439 9.5% Woodhull Creek 04150101010 62,661 5.1% BLACK RIVER WATERSHED 04050101 1,218,075 100% Source: 11- Digit Hydrologic Unit Boundary GIS Data Layer, NYSDEC 1.3. PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS