Black River Feeder Canal Trail

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Black River Feeder Canal Trail Black River Feeder Canal Trail See Maps B and B-1 The approximately 10-mile Black River Feeder Canal trail is part of a New York State Canal Corporation improvement project to rehabilitate the towpath that follows the Black River Feeder Canal. The feeder canal ends in Forestport where you can observe the Forestport Reservoir Dam. From Forestport it is possible to connect into NYS Bike Route 28.The route is remote and scenic with a deep hemlock forest covering the steep slopes above the canal and down to the Black River. A large section of the trail has been resurfaced with stone dust. There are large lily ponds along the canal and you may see ducks, herons, kingfishers and other native wildlife along the way. Terrain: Flat 9.6 miles Length: Start of trail at Erwin Park. Configuration: Point to Point Surface Type: Stone dust and Dirt Trailhead Locations: Erwin Park (Feeder Street, off NYS Route 12 just north of NYS Route 12/Route 12D junction) and at Dutch Hill Road in Forestport. Pedestrian enjoying the trail along the canal while biking. Picnic area at Black River fishing access in Scenic canal along the trail. Forestport. 9 BREIA Trail (Boonville Black River Canal Trail) See Maps B and B-1 The 77-mile Black River Canal was an engineering marvel of the 19th century. Built between 1837 and 1855, the Black River Canal connected the Erie Canal with the Black River. The southern section of the overland canal linked Rome and Boonville, a distance of 25 miles. The northern section of the overland canal connected Boonville and Lyons Falls, a distance of 10 miles. All together, the Black River Canal had 109 locks—still a world record. Between Lyons Falls and Carthage, a distance of 42 miles, the Black River itself was canalized for slack-water navigation.giving the North Country access to eastern and mid-western U.S. commercial markets, the Black River Canal was instrumental in the region’s growth and An original bowstring cast-iron truss bridge carries the trail over prosperity (blackrivercanalmuseum.org). Today, the Boonville Black the canal just south of Main Street in Boonville. River Canal Trail runs along the southern section of the original canal, connecting to the Black River Environmental Improvement Area (BREIA) trail system, the Boonville Youth Athletic Association ball fields and the Headwaters Shopping Plaza. The trail terminates just south of Pixley Falls State Park at the BREIA Trail Head on NYS Route 46. Terrain: Mostly flat with some rolling hills Length: 7.29 miles Pixley Falls State Park Configuration: Point to Point Surface Type: Dirt & Grass Trailhead Locations: Boonville Search & Rescue building at Headwaters Plaza, NYS Route 12, Boonville; BREIA, Egypt Road, Boonville; Pixley Falls State Park, NYS Route 46, Boonville. Picnic area at Pixley Falls State Park Bridge along the grassy trail. 10 B ro w n R d W ! nsvi lle Rd ! a Bucks Corners Hawki lk e se Woodgate r oo d h R M R t er i d iv d m R R C S amp Rd P ine s R D d e h C ty ov Smit e u n u R Rd m d d o E C Black R m R a e d l i i l n is s sv g t i n w d River k e s e R 12 w s W a L R d H CD o i s r n H o d g e e e e n d s M v R le R i vi l 12D B-1 i rt Hawki ns R s H R R P d o CD d w R a H n a d R y ! Hawkinsville i e E e d s W d t L W m z ey d o en n Rd d s Four Rd le R Pit of i l H Village sv a d ki n R y le w d e Boonvil a d s d d H R E n R R ee !j Ha Sh r ey s e !5 ll d R i R d E e E M !O !O s d rs u m e h a o P F v ac n Lewi s Rd o ihs o n L M d ty s e L L i s t !j r S ll n S t er R u K 28 o 294 t s d C o W CD CD l o a a o id s d e a s R n R O n d d o cks P Ja Rd Town of r ll R M i e H 46 Clar P sk d n u H R o d r CD d i R N Forestport Tw per i v y p r l t d U l R l a e on e t y r r d Ho R t r l d o R E H R d d a R h t i r A l is n l e s e r v I R n g a i m n d i e Kirkl and M r l R tt p d d e R S Town of 12 S G P CD e f e r m n Boonville d r a l W M e e D t n o v r m o i i s l S s e r L E o le R R d k a c d R ka h rs i d d a j k s R z e o R C S d R R id d R d a D d c o n d o ean Rd i d r t D K n R D R ! n a a t d Forestport Forestport v o o l A R l R r i Rd E n s d o E Ava Region Boonville n d y k i P D R R H uthc le r d c w il Station d r ll r rv R a i e e ! u J Hill Rd k l D d l H e R M i e e M Rd Lak H !j N r Forestport Town of e t D s d r Reservoir u b R R s o s e l l d n t Ava il kso e y Ja c a i W n H d n m d T w Hill Rd l Echo R erto o R g N Pond Rd ellin H B Rd P P Lake oh B l Rd o !Alder Creek d H M Krup R a i ta d H l m R r Da i A l t te k d o Egpy t Rd Sta mloc l R e l i H w l r l t R a d d R e H R p ills b H u E d g y l h d l es c g d h Rd E R P o o P L d h h R l a i t le k l R l s i e e r d p T s R l l d R d e d R w Rd t l gyp d E l r Dust in i udal a S M T Rd B o F ill Rd d o H t l w R i Pixley Falls a n t Kayuta n l t l i !5 o el Rd R !j State Park Har Beth Town of P d H er d Rd Lake W N H Remsen d e S d t i R l b l t n R e d i R s n R l y l Town of s n l Jo d u t l F i w d e b R o r H e i T n k k Steuben s c L l Town of Western R B l u l a o T r d o e k B r w h a w e Sag c rd d e c Rd s t n a R J m B u o Willia R ll r i l d M ia G Rd R d ! BIKE ROUTES ! Boonville Black River Canal Trail Map B Black River Feeder Canal Trail · Connecting Roadway Boonville Region NYS Bike Route ROADS 0 0.5 1 2 Kilometers Featured on pages 9 & 10 NYS Route 0 0.5 1 2 Miles County & Local Roads Connects to Map B d se R o r o T ve o M i Fo R res tpo H rt 12D a > R ye DC d d W s R st a 12 E DC Rd Sargent se o d o R M r le l d l P ive W R e R est B e S sl t st I a S E Rd u t e m ll S nton S B Thor r svi t m P e n ve yl ki p o A i M u w t a st a Karlen i ch H l l S M S S Terr d t Erwin St t o R t y r r s t St e er M D t n yl c Schu a !j L k e in W r e S a rs m a n t P r d S t R e e e ve D ll L o n o r C svi n a L o S u S n !5 n wki ch t t a L t t e H C S h e a s d Erwin Park r r u r o g sse Oneida County F t r S ve o Fairgrounds C brey Boonville Black River ve Au L y R !O L a E a m Canal Museum d ro Ave n e !O l P si d L P ve r l a l n ca o t D ch g r A S e G k t a r a g u a d sse 294 P ve o A o DC R P W o d st n L Village of S s t F r ish ve B Boonville e o r S L p !j t a M o t Ho s 46 ffe t r t c DC Rd e n n o C DC12 n ackso d J l R Hil .
Recommended publications
  • Lesson 4: Sediment Deposition and River Structures
    LESSON 4: SEDIMENT DEPOSITION AND RIVER STRUCTURES ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What combination of factors both natural and manmade is necessary for healthy river restoration and how does this enhance the sustainability of natural and human communities? GUIDING QUESTION: As rivers age and slow they deposit sediment and form sediment structures, how are sediments and sediment structures important to the river ecosystem? OVERVIEW: The focus of this lesson is the deposition and erosional effects of slow-moving water in low gradient areas. These “mature rivers” with decreasing gradient result in the settling and deposition of sediments and the formation sediment structures. The river’s fast-flowing zone, the thalweg, causes erosion of the river banks forming cliffs called cut-banks. On slower inside turns, sediment is deposited as point-bars. Where the gradient is particularly level, the river will branch into many separate channels that weave in and out, leaving gravel bar islands. Where two meanders meet, the river will straighten, leaving oxbow lakes in the former meander bends. TIME: One class period MATERIALS: . Lesson 4- Sediment Deposition and River Structures.pptx . Lesson 4a- Sediment Deposition and River Structures.pdf . StreamTable.pptx . StreamTable.pdf . Mass Wasting and Flash Floods.pptx . Mass Wasting and Flash Floods.pdf . Stream Table . Sand . Reflection Journal Pages (printable handout) . Vocabulary Notes (printable handout) PROCEDURE: 1. Review Essential Question and introduce Guiding Question. 2. Hand out first Reflection Journal page and have students take a minute to consider and respond to the questions then discuss responses and questions generated. 3. Handout and go over the Vocabulary Notes. Students will define the vocabulary words as they watch the PowerPoint Lesson.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Use Trails
    Multi-Use Trails Trail Name Terrain Length Surface Access Erwin Park, Route 12, Boonville; Dutch Hill Black River Feeder Canal Trail Flat 10 miles Stone Dust Road, Forestport New Hartford Street, New Hartford; Clinton Street, New Y ork Mills; Herkimer- Madison- Philip A. Rayhill Memorial T rail Flat 4 miles Asphalt Oneida BOCES, Middlesettlement Road, New Hartford; Clark Mills Road, Whitestown. Intersection of Routes 12B & 233; Kirkland; Chenango Canal Towpath Trail Flat 4 miles Stone Dust Dugway Road, Kirkland; Route 315, Boonville Blac k River Canal Intersection of Routes 12 & 12D, Boonville; Rolling 7 miles Grass Trail Pixley Falls State Park, Route 46, Boonville Adirondack Railroad Station, Thendara; Asphalt, Visitor Information Center, Old Forge; Big T OBIE T rail Flat & Rolling 12 miles Stone Dust Moose Road, Eagle Bay; Route 28, Inlet & Dirt (Hamilton County) Erie Canalway T rail Route 49, northeast of State Bridge; Erie Syracuse (Onondaga County) Flat 36 miles Stone Dust Canal Lock 21, Verona; Erie Canal Village, to Rome Rout e 49, Rome Intersection of Routes 69/365, Stanwix; Asphalt & River Street, Oriskany; Route 291, Marcy; Stanwix to Utic a Flat 13 miles Stone Dust Mohawk Street, Marcy; Barnes Ave, Utica; North Genesee Street, Utica MOVAC, Intersection of Routes 28 & 5S, Mohawk to German Flatts Flat 2 miles Asphalt Mohawk; Fort Herkimer Churc h, German Flatts Erie Canal Lock 17, Little Falls; Finks Basin Little Falls to Minden Flat 9 miles Stone Dust Road, Little Falls; Herkimer Home Historic (Montgomery County) Site, Route 169, Little Falls Erie Canalway Trail photos courtesy of HOCTS staff 6 Black River Feeder Canal Trail See Maps E and E-1 The approximately 10-mile Black River Feeder Canal trail is part of a New York State Canal Cor- poration improvement project to rehabilitate the towpath that follows the Black River Feeder Ca- nal.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arkansas River Flood of June 3-5, 1921
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ALBERT B. FALL, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE 0ns SMITH, Director Water-Supply Paper 4$7 THE ARKANSAS RIVER FLOOD OF JUNE 3-5, 1921 BY ROBERT FOLLANS^EE AND EDWARD E. JON^S WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1922 i> CONTENTS. .Page. Introduction________________ ___ 5 Acknowledgments ___ __________ 6 Summary of flood losses-__________ _ 6 Progress of flood crest through Arkansas Valley _____________ 8 Topography of Arkansas basin_______________ _________ 9 Cause of flood______________1___________ ______ 11 Principal areas of intense rainfall____ ___ _ 15 Effect of reservoirs on the flood__________________________ 16 Flood flows_______________________________________ 19 Method of determination________________ ______ _ 19 The flood between Canon City and Pueblo_________________ 23 The flood at Pueblo________________________________ 23 General features_____________________________ 23 Arrival of tributary flood crests _______________ 25 Maximum discharge__________________________ 26 Total discharge_____________________________ 27 The flood below Pueblo_____________________________ 30 General features _________ _______________ 30 Tributary streams_____________________________ 31 Fountain Creek____________________________ 31 St. Charles River___________________________ 33 Chico Creek_______________________________ 34 Previous floods i____________________________________ 35 Flood of Indian legend_____________________________ 35 Floods of authentic record__________________________ 36 Maximum discharges
    [Show full text]
  • Stream Restoration, a Natural Channel Design
    Stream Restoration Prep8AICI by the North Carolina Stream Restonltlon Institute and North Carolina Sea Grant INC STATE UNIVERSITY I North Carolina State University and North Carolina A&T State University commit themselves to positive action to secure equal opportunity regardless of race, color, creed, national origin, religion, sex, age or disability. In addition, the two Universities welcome all persons without regard to sexual orientation. Contents Introduction to Fluvial Processes 1 Stream Assessment and Survey Procedures 2 Rosgen Stream-Classification Systems/ Channel Assessment and Validation Procedures 3 Bankfull Verification and Gage Station Analyses 4 Priority Options for Restoring Incised Streams 5 Reference Reach Survey 6 Design Procedures 7 Structures 8 Vegetation Stabilization and Riparian-Buffer Re-establishment 9 Erosion and Sediment-Control Plan 10 Flood Studies 11 Restoration Evaluation and Monitoring 12 References and Resources 13 Appendices Preface Streams and rivers serve many purposes, including water supply, The authors would like to thank the following people for reviewing wildlife habitat, energy generation, transportation and recreation. the document: A stream is a dynamic, complex system that includes not only Micky Clemmons the active channel but also the floodplain and the vegetation Rockie English, Ph.D. along its edges. A natural stream system remains stable while Chris Estes transporting a wide range of flows and sediment produced in its Angela Jessup, P.E. watershed, maintaining a state of "dynamic equilibrium." When Joseph Mickey changes to the channel, floodplain, vegetation, flow or sediment David Penrose supply significantly affect this equilibrium, the stream may Todd St. John become unstable and start adjusting toward a new equilibrium state.
    [Show full text]
  • Colorado River Compact, 1922
    Colorado River Compact, 1922 The States of Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming, having resolved to enter into a compact under the Act of the Congress of the United States of America approved August 19, 1921 (42 Statutes at Large, page 171), and the Acts of the Legislatures of the said States, have through their Governors appointed as their Commissioners: W.S. Norviel for the State of Arizona, W.F. McClure for the State of California, Delph E. Carpenter for the State of Colorado, J.G. Scrugham for the State of Nevada, Stephen B. Davis, Jr., for the State of New Mexico, R.E. Caldwell for the State of Utah, Frank C. Emerson for the State of Wyoming, who, after negotiations participated in by Herbert Hoover appointed by The President as the representative of the United States of America, have agreed upon the following articles: ARTICLE I The major purposes of this compact are to provide for the equitable division and apportionment of the use of the waters of the Colorado River System; to establish the relative importance of different beneficial uses of water, to promote interstate comity; to remove causes of present and future controversies; and to secure the expeditious agricultural and industrial development of the Colorado River Basin, the storage of its waters, and the protection of life and property from floods. To these ends the Colorado River Basin is divided into two Basins, and an apportionment of the use of part of the water of the Colorado River System is made to each of them with the provision that further equitable apportionments may be made.
    [Show full text]
  • 17 Major Drainage Basins
    HUC 8 HYDROLOGIC UNIT NAME CLINTON 04120101 Chautauqua-Conneaut FRANKLIN 04150409 CHAMPLAIN MASSENA FORT COVINGTON MOOERS ST LAWRENCE CLINTON 04120102 Cattaraugus BOMBAY WESTVILLE CONSTABLE CHATEAUGAY NYS Counties & BURKE LOUISVILLE 04120103 Buffalo-Eighteenmile BRASHER 04150308 CHAZY ALTONA ELLENBURG BANGOR WADDINGTON NORFOLK MOIRA 04120104 Niagara ESSEX MALONE DEC Regions JEFFERSON 6 04150307 BEEKMANTOWN MADRID 05010001 Upper Allegheny LAWRENCE BELLMONT STOCKHOLM DANNEMORA BRANDON DICKINSON PLATTSBURGH LEWIS OGDENSBURG CITY LISBON 05010002 Conewango 5 PLATTSBURGH CITY HAMILTON POTSDAM SCHUYLER FALLS SARANAC 05010004 French WARREN OSWEGATCHIE DUANE OSWEGO 04150306 PERU 04130001 Oak Orchard-Twelvemile CANTON PARISHVILLE ORLEANS WASHINGTON NIAGARA DE PEYSTER ONEIDA MORRISTOWN HOPKINTON WAVERLY PIERREPONT FRANKLIN 04140101 Irondequoit-Ninemile AUSABLE MONROE WAYNE BLACK BROOK FULTON SARATOGA DEKALB HERKIMER BRIGHTON GENESEE SANTA CLARA CHESTERFIELD 04140102 Salmon-Sandy ONONDAGA NYS Major 04150406 MACOMB 04150304 HAMMOND ONTARIO MADISON MONTGOMERY RUSSELL 04150102 Chaumont-Perch ERIE SENECA CAYUGA SCHENECTADY HERMON WILLSBORO ST ARMAND WILMINGTON JAY WYOMING GOUVERNEUR RENSSELAER ALEXANDRIA CLARE LIVINGSTON YATES 04130002 Upper Genesee OTSEGO ROSSIE COLTON CORTLAND ALBANY ORLEANS 04150301 04150404 SCHOHARIE ALEXANDRIA LEWIS 7 EDWARDS 04150408 CHENANGO FOWLER ESSEX 04130003 Lower Genesee 8 TOMPKINS CLAYTON SCHUYLER 9 4 THERESA 04150302 TUPPER LAKE HARRIETSTOWN NORTH ELBA CHAUTAUQUA CATTARAUGUS PIERCEFIELD 02050104 Tioga ALLEGANY STEUBEN
    [Show full text]
  • B) Northeastern Regional Profiles
    Oneida County HMP Draft 10/31/2013 1:08 PM Part III.B.3.2: Northeastern Regional Profiles b) Northeastern Regional Profiles The Northeastern Region identified for the Oneida County Hazard Mitigation Plan includes the following municipalities: The Town of Ava The Town and Village of Boonville The Town of Forestport The Town and Village of Remsen The Town of Steuben, and The Town of Western. Northeastern Regional Map A Page 1 of 33 Oneida County HMP Draft 10/31/2013 1:08 PM Part III.B.3.2: Northeastern Regional Profiles Regional Map B: 2013 Land Use in the Northeastern Region Page 2 of 33 Oneida County HMP Draft 10/31/2013 1:08 PM Part III.B.3.2: Northeastern Regional Profiles Regional Map C: New parcels since 2007. These communities tend to be dominated by rural landscapes and large wooded parcels. The region tends to be sparsely populated with an average population density of 36.5 persons per square mile with Ava at the low end of the spectrum at 17.95 and the Town of Boonville at the high end of the spectrum at 63.37. As a portion of the region is located within the Tughill Plateau, heavy rates of snowfall are not uncommon. While these communities tend to be well prepared for a snow storm that may cripple other areas, there is now also an awareness for the potential for severe damages from hurricanes, landslides and ice storms and severe storms. Flooding related to stormwater is an issue of concern in developed areas such as the Village of Remsen where widespread property damage has occurred on multiple occasions.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Snake River Canyon Indicated by Revised Stratigraphy of Snake River Group Near Hagerman and King Hill, Idaho
    History of Snake River Canyon Indicated by Revised Stratigraphy of Snake River Group Near Hagerman and King Hill, Idaho GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 644-F History of Snake River Canyon Indicated by Revised Stratigraphy of Snake River Group Near Hagerman and King Hill, Idaho By HAROLD E. MALDE With a section on PALEOMAGNETISM By ALLAN COX SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 644-F Lavaflows and river deposits contemporaneous with entrenchment of the Snake River canyon indicate drainage changes that provide a basis for improved understanding of the late Pleistocene history UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1971 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. A. Radlinski, Acting Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 72-171031 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 40 cents (paper cover) Stock Number 2401-1128 CONTENTS Page page Abstract ___________________________________________ Fl Late Pleistocene history of Snake River_ _ F9 Introduction.______________________________________ 2 Predecessors of Sand Springs Basalt. 13 Acknowledgments --..______-__-____--__-_---__-_____ 2 Wendell Grade Basalt-________ 14 Age of the McKinney and Wendell Grade Basalts. _____ 2 McKinney Basalt. ____---__---__ 16 Correlation of lava previously called Bancroft Springs Bonneville Flood.________________ 18 Basalt_________________________________________ Conclusion___________________________ 19 Equivalence of pillow lava near Bliss to McKinney Paleomagnetism, by Allan Cox_________ 19 Basalt.._________________________ References cited._____________________ 20 ILLUSTRATIONS Page FIGURE 1. Index map of Idaho showing area discussed.______________________________________________________ F2 2. Chart showing stratigraphy of Snake River Group..____________________________._____--___-_-_-_-.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Analysis of Pitcher Plant Bogs of the Little River Canyon National Preserve, Alabama
    COMMUNITY ANALYSIS OF PITCHER PLANT BOGS OF THE LITTLE RIVER CANYON NATIONAL PRESERVE, ALABAMA Robert Carter, Terry Boyer, Heather McCoy, and Andrew J. Londo1 Abstract—Pitcher plant bogs of the Little River Canyon National Preserve in northern Alabama contain the federally endan- gered green pitcher plant [Sarracenia oreophila (Kearney) Wherry]. Multivariate analysis of the bog vegetation and envi- ronmental variables revealed three communities with unique species compositions and soil characteristics. The significant soil characteristics were percent A-horizon sand and A-horizon depth. A blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.)-yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.)-azalea [Rhododendron canescens (Michx.) Sweet] type was found on sites bisected by ephemeral streams with a closed canopy. A scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea Muenchh.) -flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) -sweet goldenrod [Solidago speciosa Nutt. var. erecta (Pursh) MacM.] type was found on upland sites close to the canyon rim and along perennial streams sites. A smooth yellow false foxglove [Aureolaria flava (L.) Farw.]-pale-spike lobelia (Lobelia spicata Lam.)- violet lespedeza [Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers.] type was found on relatively flat sites away from the canyon rim. INTRODUCTION PROCEDURES Populations of the federally-endangered green pitcher plant are In the summer of 2003, a 10 x 30 m plot was placed in each found in scattered moist upland bogs in northern Alabama, of the 8 bogs. Plots were located near the center of the bogs northern Georgia, and western North Carolina. According to and away from roads and power lines. Tree, sapling, seedling, green pitcher plant habitat descriptions, populations are typi- and herbaceous strata were sampled following the Carolina cally found on moist upland and sandy riverbank sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Braided River Management: from Assessment of River Behaviour to Improved Sustainable Development
    BR_C12.qxd 08/06/2006 16:29 Page 257 Braided river management: from assessment of river behaviour to improved sustainable development HERVÉ PIÉGAY*, GORDON GRANT†, FUTOSHI NAKAMURA‡ and NOEL TRUSTRUM§ *UMR 5600—CNRS, 18 rue Chevreul, 69362 Lyon, cedex 07, France (Email: [email protected]) †USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, USA ‡University of Hokkaido, Japan §Institute of Geological and Natural Sciences, Lower Hatt, New Zealand ABSTRACT Braided rivers change their geometry so rapidly, thereby modifying their boundaries and flood- plains, that key management questions are difficult to resolve. This paper discusses aspects of braided channel evolution, considers management issues and problems posed by this evolution, and develops these ideas using several contrasting case studies drawn from around the world. In some cases, management is designed to reduce braiding activity because of economic considerations, a desire to reduce hazards, and an absence of ecological constraints. In other parts of the world, the eco- logical benefits of braided rivers are prompting scientists and managers to develop strategies to preserve and, in some cases, to restore them. Management strategies that have been proposed for controlling braided rivers include protecting the developed floodplain by engineered structures, mining gravel from braided channels, regulat- ing sediment from contributing tributaries, and afforesting the catchment. Conversely, braiding and its attendant benefits can be promoted by removing channel vegetation, increasing coarse sediment supply, promoting bank erosion, mitigating ecological disruption, and improving planning and devel- opment. These different examples show that there is no unique solution to managing braided rivers, but that management depends on the stage of geomorphological evolution of the river, ecological dynamics and concerns, and human needs and safety.
    [Show full text]
  • 4 River Valley Civilizations
    RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS 4 River Valley Civilizations ◆ Fertile Crescent – Mesopotamia – Tigris – Euphrates ◆ Egyptian Civilization – Nile River Valley (upper and lower Nile) ◆ Indus River – Harrapan – Mohen-jo Daro ◆ Huang He – Yellow River later civilizations focused on both Yangtze and Yellow River – First dynasty is Xia then Shang Why were river valleys important? Farming - large amounts of people could be fed Trade - goods and ideas to move from place to place. Cities - grow up in these valleys and became the centers of civilizations. QUESTIONS TO KEEP IN MIND: How did geography impact the first civilizations? How did changes in the Neolithic Revolution lead to the development of River Valley Civilizations? KEY VOCABULARY Civilization – form of culture in which some people live in cities and have complex social institutions, use some form of writing, and are skilled in science, art, and technology Empire – group of territories or nations ruled by a single ruler or government Theocracy – government headed by religious leaders or a leader regarded as a god Polytheistic – belief in many gods Monotheistic – belief in only one god THE RISE OF CIVILIZATION Arose in 4 separate river valleys around 3500 B.C. Fertile soil, mild climate, waterway for transportation, water for crops & drinking Provided for abundant crops and food surpluses MESOPOTAMIA (3500 B.C.E.-1700 B.C.E.) • The Land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers –Also called The Fertile Crescent –First civilization was SUMER GOVERNMENT • City-states • Each had its own ruler
    [Show full text]
  • The First River-Valley Civilizations, 3500 –1500 B.C. E
    HOME CHAPTER The First River-Valley 2 Civilizations, 3500 –1500 B.C. E. Chapter Overview The river valley civilizations develop from small farming villages. The civilizations create laws, centralized governments, writing systems, and advanced technologies. The process of trade spreads new ideas to and from these civilizations. Agriculture Changes Society • Agriculture dramatically changed Stone Age societies by providing a larger and more reliable food supply. • Some people began to live as nomadic pastoralists. • Others gave up the nomadic lifestyle and formed settlements, pooling their resources. Early Farming Societies New Technologies • Small settlements • New tools and methods • Villages and towns • Animals working in fields • Increase in trade • Grindstones, pestles, pottery • Societies became more complex • Wool from sheep for yarn • Social status, male authority • Spinning and weaving • Religion, megaliths • Copper, bronze, tin • Warfare, disease increased • As people began to make items from bronze, the Stone Age gave way to the Bronze Age, which began as early as 3000 BCE in some areas. HOME 2 Humans Try to Control Nature GRAPH Effects of the development of agriculture. Rise in population More available Emergence of food farming villages Development of Agriculture More cultural New farming tools developments More stable communities Foundations of Civilization Agriculture Changes Society • Agriculture dramatically changed Stone Age societies by providing a larger and more reliable food supply. • Some people began to live as nomadic
    [Show full text]