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Development of Cross-Border Regions Development of cross-border regions Klára Dr. Czimre Created by XMLmind XSL-FO Converter. Development of cross-border regions Klára Dr. Czimre Publication date 2013 Copyright © 2013 Debreceni Egyetem TÁMOP-4.1.2.A/1-11/1 MSc Tananyagfejlesztés Interdiszciplináris és komplex megközelítésű digitális tananyagfejlesztés a természettudományi képzési terület mesterszakjaihoz Created by XMLmind XSL-FO Converter. Table of Contents Előszó .............................................................................................................................................. viii 1. Introduction to the basic terminology related to cross-border co-operation ................................... 1 1. Border, boundary or frontier? ................................................................................................ 1 2. Border region and cross-border region .................................................................................. 2 3. Complementary terms related to borders .............................................................................. 4 4. EU internal border and EU external border ........................................................................... 5 5. Names of border sections ...................................................................................................... 5 6. Cross-border co-operation ..................................................................................................... 5 7. Euroregion or euregion? ........................................................................................................ 6 8. Test your progress ................................................................................................................. 6 2. History of cross-border co-operations ............................................................................................ 9 1. Brief history of borders in Europe ......................................................................................... 9 1.1. Border/area ratio in Europe ...................................................................................... 9 2. Birth and enlargement of the European Union ...................................................................... 9 3. Changes in the number and length of borders in the European Union ................................ 10 4. Relationship between the enlargement and the cross-border co-operations ........................ 13 5. Test your progress ............................................................................................................... 15 3. Scientific researches related to cross-border issues in Europe ...................................................... 18 1. Studies on borders and border regions in the European studies from a geographical aspect 18 1.1. Economic geography and regional geography ........................................................ 20 1.2. Political geography and cultural geography ........................................................... 21 2. Studies on borders and border regions in the Hungarian literature from a geographical aspect 22 3. Test your progress ............................................................................................................... 22 4. Legal background for cross-border co-operations in the European Union – internal borders ...... 25 1. The most important legal documents of the European Union related to cross-border co-operations before 1995 ............................................................................................................................. 25 1.1. Recommendation 470 on European co-operation between local authorities .......... 25 1.2. Resolution on Co-operation between Local Communities in Frontier Areas (Resolution 74) (1974) ...................................................................................................................... 25 1.3. European Outline Convention on Transfrontier Co-operation between Territorial Communities or Authorities (with outline agreements, contracts and statues) (1980) .. 26 1.4. European Regional/Spatial Planning Charter (The Torremolinos Charter) (1981) 27 1.5. European Convention on Transfrontier Television (1989) ..................................... 27 2. The most important legal documents of the European Union related to cross-border co-operations between 1 January 1995 and 1 January 2007 .......................................................................... 27 2.1. Additional Protocol to the European Outline Convention on Transfrontier Co-operation between Territorial Communities or Authorities (1995) ............................................... 28 2.2. Protocol No.2 to the European Outline Convention on Transfrontier Co-operation between Territorial Communities or Authorities (1998) ............................................... 28 2.3. Protocol amending the European Convention on Transfrontier Television (1998) 28 2.4. Special Report No 4/2004 on the programming of the Community Initiative concerning trans-European cooperation – Interreg III, together with the Commission‟s replies, 1 July 2004 ........................................................................................................................................ 28 2.5. Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a European grouping of cross-border co-operation (EGCC), COM(2004) 496 final, 14 July 2004 ........................................................................................................................................ 29 2.6. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament pursuant to the second subparagraph of Article 251 (2) of the EC Treaty concerning the common position of the Council on the adoption of a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on establishing a European grouping for territorial co-operation (EGTC) [COM(2006) 308 final 2004/0168 (COD)] ......................................................................................................... 29 2.7. Recommendation (2005)2 ...................................................................................... 29 2.8. Regulation (EC) N. 1082/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on a European Grouping of Territorial Co-operation (EGTC) .............................................. 30 iii Created by XMLmind XSL-FO Converter. Development of cross-border regions 2.9. Commission Decision 2006/609/EC of August 2006 fixing and indicative allocation by Member State of the commitment appropriations for the European territorial co-operation objective for the period 2007-2013 ................................................................................ 30 2.10. Council Decision 2006/702/EC of 6 October 2006 on Community strategic guidelines on cohesion ......................................................................................................................... 31 3. The most important legal documents of the European Union related to cross-border co-operations after 2007 ................................................................................................................................ 31 3.1. Recommendation 1829 (2008) on transfrontier co-operation ................................. 31 3.2. Third Additional Protocol to the European Outline Convention on Transfontier Co- operation between Territorial Communities or Authorities concerning Euroregional Co- operation Groupings (ECGs) ......................................................................................... 32 4. Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 32 5. Test your progress ............................................................................................................... 33 5. Legal background for cross-border co-operations in the European Union – external borders ...... 36 1. Overview by geographical dimensions ............................................................................... 36 1.1. European Neighbourhood Policy ............................................................................ 37 1.2. Northern Dimension ............................................................................................... 38 1.3. EU Strategic Partnership with Russia ..................................................................... 38 2. Overview by enlargement phases ........................................................................................ 38 2.1. The most important legal documents of the European Union related to cross-border co- operations along the external borders before 1995 ........................................................ 38 2.2. The most important legal documents of the European Union related to cross-border co- operations between 1 January 1995 and 30 April 2004 ................................................ 39 2.2.1. Council Regulation (EC) No 1488/96 of 23 July 1996 on financial and technical measures to accompany (MEDA) the reform of economic and social structures in the framework of the Euro-Mediterranean partnership .............................................. 40 2.2.2. Commission Regulation (EC) No 2760/98 of 18 December 1998 concerning the Implementation of a Programme for cross-border cooperation in the framework of the Phare programme ................................................................................................. 40 2.2.3. Council Regulation (EC, EURATOM) No 99/2000 of 29 December
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