43.-Mediterranean-Borders

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43.-Mediterranean-Borders ISIG JOURNAL Quarterly of International Sociology Trimestrale di Sociologia Internazionale volume XVIII – 1/2 – 2009 SUMMARY pag. Presentazione, Alberto Gasparini ………………………..………...………………….. 3 STRATEGIES FOR COMPARISONS AND GLOBALISM Scenarios of governance in Mediterranean failed states, small states and micro-states. Main variables to build predictions for the Balkan-Danube area, Alberto Gasparini …..…… 5 Managing the Adriatic common space. A study on the Adriatic Seaways, Daniele Del Bianco ………………..………………………………………………………………….. 27 Bridging the security divide: New concepts from two Mediterranean communities, Amanda McAllister Wilson ………………..……………………..….……………………………. 41 POINTS OF CONJUNCTION, POINTS OF DIVISION The “crossings” along the divide: The Cypriot experience, Maria Hadjipavlou ……..…….. 57 The case of Kosovo: International statebuilding from a pending final political status to an independent country, Labinot Greiçevci ……………..…………..…………………….. 69 BORDER FOR THE INTEGRATION Europa-Libano: integrazione con, integrazione in, Elie Kallas ….………………………….. 79 Building euroregions in South Eastern Europe, Vasile Puşcaş ……………….…………….. 87 Recensioni ………………………………………………………………………………… 95 Editorial Board Edgar F. Borgatta, University of Washington Vincenzo Cesareo, Catholic University of Milan Jürgen Friedrichs, University of Cologne Renzo Gubert, University of Trento Max Haller, University of Graz John Hume, Peace Nobel Prize Giuseppe O. Longo, University of Trieste Zdravko Mlinar, University of Ljubljana Antonio Papisca, University of Padua Riccardo Petrella, University of Louvain Vasile Puşcaş, Babes Bolyai University of Cluj Napoca Bruno Tellia, University of Udine Danilo Turk, University of Ljubljana Antonio Zanardi Landi, Italian Ambassador Tatyana Zaslavkaya, Academy of Sciences of Russian Federation Director Clemente Borando Scientific Director Alberto Gasparini Editorial Executive Board Anna Maria Boileau, Luciana Cominotto, Daniele Del Bianco (editor in chief), Maura Del Zotto, Giulio Tarlao ISIG JOURNAL is the quarterly journal of the Institute of International Sociology (ISIG) The Institute of International Sociology of Gorizia was created on the initial project of its founder, Franco Demarchi, which aimed at joining together rigorous scientific activity and a proactive effort in the international cooperation filed, to promote sustainable development and the peaceful coexistence of peoples. Located in Gorizia, a town on the border between two countries of then-divided Europe, in 1968 ISIG became an international centre of excellence for research and an original laboratory elaborating solutions to the needs of local, national and international societies. Thus, ISIG contributed to the scientific development of new methodologies and theories. Today, the originality of ISIG stands out in the numerous research activities carried out by the institute and in its commitment within the international academic and cultural networks in which it operates, in its constant publishing and academic dissemination and training activities. ISIG is thus rooted in the regional context but is also dynamically turned towards the international context, within which it operates and is recognised as a centre of excellence in the fields of international relations and cross-border cooperation studies, of ethnic relations and minorities studies, of peace studies and conflict resolution, of society and social policy, of economics and local development, of democracy and civil society, of futures and forecasting techniques, of territorial and environmental risk management. © Institute of International Sociology of Gorizia (ISIG) Printed in: Grafica Goriziana - Gorizia 2009 Quarterly journal registered at the Court of Gorizia, no. 229 of 26.03.1991 PRESENTAZIONE Alberto Gasparini ISIG Journal dedica questo numero a una prospettiva dei confini che non è quella della stretta contiguità, ma piuttosto delle relazioni tra gli stati e le società (nella loro globalità), che passano per i confini. Ovviamente tale passaggio concreto ed operativo è sviluppato da attori specifici, costituiti da gruppi sociali (devianti o integranti), da organizzazioni nazionali e internazionali, da politiche provenienti dal centro che si confrontano eventualmente con altre politiche provenienti da altri centri. Da questa prospettiva il confine è costituito da una cesura consistente (ma anche perché sfugge ai controlli locali) che nasce dal confronto tra due entità societarie e/o statali. Ci rendiamo conto di ciò quando confrontiamo i paesi per livello di ricchezza (e povertà) o per altri indicatori significativi. È evidente che in queste condizioni vi saranno gruppi sociali (se non statali) che tendono a rendere sempre più virtuali i confini per espandersi, soprattutto se hanno da esportare differenze di povertà e/o disordine verso paesi ricchi od ordinati, oppure se vogliono difendersi da “invasioni”; oppure ancora se devono trovare soluzioni a problemi comuni con gli altri paesi. In altri termini da tale punto di vista il confine non è considerato per popolazioni che vi abitano intorno e perciò come punto tra regioni contermini ma appartenenti a sistemi differenti; ma piuttosto il confine è analizzato come punto attraverso il quale passa l’integrazione o la disintegrazione di ogni singolo sistema sociale e statuale. Si tratta cioè di quel confine che la teoria generale dei sistemi ha definito come limite che divide l’in dall’out, l’identità del sistema dall’identità dell’extra-sistema, la sicurezza del sistema dall’incertezza del presente e del futuro. Il presente numero di ISIG Journal è diviso in tre parti. La prima parte riguarda le “strategie tra confronti e globalismi”, dove in queste strategie vi sono compresi i confronti di politiche e di azioni concertate ma anche i globalismi di chi tende ad espandere le proprio energie (positive o negative). Il primo articolo, di Alberto Gasparini, riguarda i confini, perforati o perforabili, fra paesi mediterranei a differente condizione di failed states. L’impostazione di scenari, ideale, catastrofico, realistico, permette di riflettere su situazioni contenenti elementi delle soluzioni. Segue l’articolo di Daniele Del Bianco che affronta le modalità di superare i confini da parte dei paesi dell’Adriatico per risolvere problemi da affrontare in comune, l’inquinamento e il terrorismo nel mare Adriatico. Infine l’articolo di Amanda McAllister Wilson mette a confronto due esempi di uso del territorio per ragioni di sicurezza Nato, come sono il grande Radar a Pecs e la base aeronautica del “Dal Molin” di Vicenza, e i movimenti civili di contrapposizione che generano. La seconda parte della rivista l’abbiamo intitolata “Punti di congiunzione, punti di divisione”, poiché trattano di temi confinari di Cipro e del Kossovo. Maria Hadjipavlou analizza il confine cipriota-turco e cipriota-greco attraverso i contatti informali tra la gente, e conclude che i contatti informali difficilmente riescono a smantellare i confini culturali (composti soprattutto da pregiudizi) se non intervengono delle infrastrutture istituzionali locali, ma soprattutto del centro, a sostenerli. L’articolo di Labinot Greiçevci si pone il problema della costruzione dello stato del Kossovo, per la quale essenziale è l’appoggio che viene dalla Comunità internazionale. Questo fornisce legittimità allo stato nuovo verso l’esterno ma anche sicurezza nei rapporti interni tra le diverse entità etniche. La terza parte di ISIG Journal infine riprende i confini fra macro parti del Mediterraneo e tra gli stati del Sud-Est europeo. Così Elie Kallas affronta il tema dei rapporti tra Libano e Unione Europea. In essi sono compresi senz’altro gli attuali programmi europei da rendere più efficaci, ma vi è tutta una serie di 4 convenienze per l’Europa di enfatizzare i rapporti con il Libano, sia per la sua posizione strategica e il suo dinamismo economico che per contribuire alla stabilità politica e sociale dell’area. Infine l’articolo di Vasile Puşcaş affronta il tema classico dell’Euroregione dei paesi del Sud-Est europeo, ma ancorando l’efficacia dell’Euroregione al livello di intensità della cooperazione esistente, e in secondo luogo allo stadio di sviluppo dello stato membro dell’Unione Europea, ancorata a tante organizzazioni internazionali europee, e degli altri stati dell’Euroregione che non sono membri dell’Unione Europea. SCENARIOS OF GOVERNANCE IN MEDITERRANEAN FAILED STATES, SMALL STATES AND MICRO-STATES. MAIN VARIABLES TO BUILD PREDICTIONS FOR THE BALKAN-DANUBE AREA Alberto Gasparini I.S.I.G. – Institute of International Sociology - Gorizia Abstract: This paper concern itself with the definition of failed states, small states and micro-states, their standing in the Balkan-Danube area, their relationship with globalisation and international organis- ations, the definition of scenarios and the processes involved in building them, the delineation of present- day scenarios and those projected for 2020, and the identification of the process whereby alternative future scenarios may be built. Keywords: Failed states, small states, micro states, future scenario building • − • − • 1. The complexity of the question The question to be dealt with concerns predicting the future of non-simple societies whose statehood is made difficult by their small size. There is an assumption here that in order to function properly a society has to be large enough to contain resources sufficient for it to be a state, institutions complex enough to serve a large number of users efficiently, a number of
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