Tectonic Thinking after the Digital Revolution Computational Architecture Overview
Patrik Schumacher, partner at Zaha Hadid Architects (Hadid, first woman to win the Pritzker Prize, 2004) http://www.businessinsider.com/zaha-hadid-architecture-2013-7 (excellent slide show of the firm’s work) Parametric Order—21st Century Architectural Order Patrik Schumacher 2012 Lecture
Parametric – of or related to parameters - Computational architecture - Computational aesthetics
Carnegie Mellon University, https://vimeo.com/43012493 (start at 42:00 for good historical overview) Harvard Graduate School, http://youtu.be/zG2WMVkD5dw Early architecture, incremental changes, bound my necessity for shelter and tradition, pictured above Kerma ancient city, Sudan, 2400 BC, Example of Nubian Architecture Bramante. Tempietto. 1502. Example of Renaissance architecture. Paul Decker. b 1695, inventor of Baroque architecture Francesco Borromini. Facade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane. 1638-1641. Francesco Borromini. Facade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane. 1638-1641. Andrew Saunders. Re-interpreting the Baroque. Rensselaer School of Architecture Rome Program. 2009. http://homepages.rpi.edu/~saunda2/ICIRPI/index.html 2008 Rococco exhibition, Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum Right: Ralph Schraivogel. CinemAfrica 2006 Catherine Palace. Near St Petersburg, Russia. 1717 Crystal Palace. 1852 Frank Lloyd Wright. Robie House. Chicago, Illinois. 1907-09 Frank Lloyd Wright. Kaufmann House (Fallingwater). Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1936-39 Ford Factory producing Model T, beginning 1908 for $825 each Louis Sullivan. Auditorium Hotel. 1921. Louis Sullivan. Prudential Building, Buffalo, NY. 1965. Left: William van Allen.Chrysler Building. New York, NY. 1928-30 Right: Mies Van Der Rohe, model for a glass skyscraper, Berlin, Germany, 1922 Narkomtiazhprom, Vesnin brothers, 1934. Example of Constructivist architecture. Le Corbusier (Charles Edouard Jeanneret), Villa Savoye, Poissy-sur-Seine, France, 1929-30 Le Corbusier. Villa Savoye. Poissy-sur-Seine, France. 1929-30. Le Corbusier. Villa Savoye. Poissy-sur-Seine, France. 1929-30. Le Corbusier. Plan for a City of 3 million Inhabitants. 1925. Mies van der Rohe. Lake Shore Drive Apartments. Chicago, Illinois. 1951. Mies van der Rohe. Lake Shore Drive Apartments. Chicago, Illinois. 1951. William J. Levitt. Levittown, New York. begun 1947. William J. Levitt. Levittown, New York. begun 1947. Walter Groupius, Bauhaus Dessau, 1925–1926 Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson. Seagram Building. New York, New York. 1956-1958. Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson. Seagram Building. New York, New York. 1956-1958. Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. Sears Tower. Chicago, Illinois. 1974. Eero Saarinen. Trans World Airlines Terminal. JFK Airport, New York. 1956-1962. Eero Saarinen. Trans World Airlines Terminal. JFK Airport, New York. 1956-1962. Eero Saarinen. Trans World Airlines Terminal. JFK Airport, New York. 1956-1962. Frank Lloyd Wright. Guggenheim Museum. New York, New York. 1943-1959. Frank Lloyd Wright. Guggenheim Museum. New York, New York. 1943-1959. Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano. Pompidou Center of Art and Culture. Paris, France. 1977. Charles Moore. Piazza d’Italia. New Orleans, Louisiana. 1978. Michael Graves. The Portland Building, Portland, Oregon. 1980. Robert Venturi, John Rauch and Denise Scott Brown house, Eastern Delaware, 1978-83. Frank Gehry. Guggenheim Bilbao Museo, Bilbao, Spain. 1997. Frank Gehry. Guggenheim Bilbao Museo, Bilbao, Spain. 1997. Frank Gehry. Guggenheim Bilbao Museo. Bilbao, Spain. 1997. Libeskind'sA+U Maze - 2006 Long Kesh Peace building and Conflict Resolution Center in Northern Ireland. ['Libeskind Plans Controversial Northern Ireland Peace Center'; link] A+U - 2006 Libeskind's Jewish Museum, Berlin. 1992-2001 Richard Serra. Parametric Order 21st Century Thinking
Main Concerns Influenced by Nature “Design navigates by pattern recognition.”
5. Informal Broken Uniformity
…the informal steps in easily, a sudden twist or turn, a branching, and the unexpected happens - the edge of chance shows its face
Uniformity is broken, and balance is interrupted. The demand for Order(!) in the regimental senses is ignored: the big picture is something else.
—Cecil Balmond, architect, designer, writer
A+U - 2006 Frei Otto. Olympic Park, Munich. 1972 Parametric Order 21st Century Architecture
Common Structures 1. Membranes The structural membrane acts also as the weathershield 2. Cable Nets A separate grid of structural cables supports a non–structural weathershield 3. Arches, Vaults & Shells: Arch and vault constructions use little material and small mass when the form is generated by the inverted catenary, or for shells, the inverted net. Parametric Order 21st Century Thinking
Case Study Serpentine Gallery Summer Pavilion 2000-ongoing annual, London, UK Toyo Ito. Serpentine Pavilion, 2002. Algorithm, 1/2 to 1/3 rule, 4 lines in the original square. Toyo Ito. Serpentine Pavilion, 2002. Algorithm, 1/2 to 1/3 rule, 4 lines in the original square. Toyo Ito. Serpentine Pavilion, 2002. Algorithm, 1/2 to 1/3 rule, 4 lines in the original square. Toyo Ito. Serpentine Pavilion, 2002. Algorithm, 1/2 to 1/3 rule, 4 lines in the original square.
Alvaro Siza. Serpentine Pavilion, 2005. Algorithm, offset grid. Alvaro Siza. Serpentine Pavilion, 2005. Algorithm, offset grid. Alvaro Siza. Serpentine Pavilion, 2005. Algorithm, offset grid. Alvaro Siza. Serpentine Pavilion, 2005. Algorithm, offset grid. Alvaro Siza. Serpentine Pavilion, 2005. Algorithm, offset grid. Shigeru Ban. Forest Park Pavilion, 2004 - 07, St. Louis.
AONT - 2006 AONT - 2006 A+U - 2006 Andrew Saunders.A+U - 2006 Re-interpreting the Baroque. Rensselaer School of Architecture Rome Program. 2009. http://homepages.rpi.edu/~saunda2/ICIRPI/index.html A+U - 2006 A+U - 2006 A+U - 2006 Michael Hansmeyer and Benjamin Dillenburger, Digital Grotesque Grotto, 2013. Rendering. http://artforum.com/inprint/issue=201402&id=45013&pagenum=0