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Gayana 73(1),73(1): 2009130-140, 2009 ISSN 0717-652X

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Gayana 73(1),73(1): 2009130-140, 2009 ISSN 0717-652X Gayana 73(1),73(1): 2009130-140, 2009 ISSN 0717-652X CLAVE TAXONOMICA, ACTUALIZADA, ILUSTRADA Y COMENTADA DE LOS PECES DE LA FAMILIA LABRISOMIDAE DE CHILE (PERCIFORMES, BLENNIOIDEI) UPDATED, ILLUSTRATED AND ANNOTATED TAXONOMIC KEY FOR FISHES OF THE FAMILY LABRISOMIDAE FROM CHILE (PERCIFORMES, BLENNIOIDEI) 1 2 Sylvia Sáez , & Germán Pequeño 1, 2 Instituto de Zoología “Ernst F. Kilian” Universidad Austral de Chile Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile 1 c –e = RESUMEN Se presenta una clave taxonómica para los integrantes de la familia Labrisomidae de Chile. Dicho taxón está conformado actualmente por Auchenionchus crinitus (Jenyns, 1842), A. microcirrhis (Valenciennes, 1836), A. variolosus (Valenciennes, 1836), Calliclinus geniguttatus (Valenciennes, 1836), C. nudiventris Cervigón & Pequeño, 1979 y Labrisomus (Labrisomus) philippii (Steindachner, 1866). Esta familia ha sido objeto de diversos cambios taxonómicos por parcialidades, lo cual ha dificultando su visión de conjunto, no sólo por la falta de un documento que unifique estas modificaciones, sino también por la similitud corporal que presentan sus taxa componentes. La presente clave reúne las modificaciones ocurridas y comenta los diferentes cambios taxonómicos y las sinonimias sobre estos peces, desde su descripción hasta la actualidad. Las características diagnósticas han sido seleccionadas, para facilitar el estudio de cada una de las especies que conforman este taxón, permitiendo hacer una diagnosis rápida y precisa de los labrisómidos chilenos. PALABRAS CLAVES: Peces litorales, reconocimiento, taxonomía, Chile. ABSTRACT A taxonomic key of the Labrisomid fishes from Chile is presented. This taxon is conformed by Auchenionchus crinitus (Jenyns, 1842), A. microcirrhis (Valenciennes, 1836), A. variolosus (Valenciennes, 1836), Calliclinus geniguttatus (Valenciennes, 1836), C. nudiventris Cervigón & Pequeño, 1979, and Labrisomus (Labrisomus) philippii (Steindachner, 1866). This family has suffered numerous but partial taxonomic changes, making its study difficult not only because of the lack of an unifying document where all these changes are registered, but also because of the high degree of morphological similarity among their component taxa. The present key collected those modifications and comments on diverse taxonomic changes and the synonymies about these fishes, from their description until now. The diagnostic characters have been selected to facilitate the study of each species that represents this taxon, allowing an accurate and fast diagnosis in Chilean labrisomid fishes. KEYWORDS: Littoral fishes, identification, taxonomy, Chile. INTRODUCCION (Valenciennes, 1836), C. nudiventris Cervigón & Pequeño, 1979, y Labrisomus (Labrisomus) philippii La familia Labrisomidae de Chile está constituida por (Steindachner, 1866) (Pequeño 1989, Pequeño & Auchenionchus crinitus (Jenyns, 1842), A. Lozano 1996). Una séptima especie, Labrisomus microcirrhis (Valenciennes, 1836), A. variolosus fernandezianus (Steindachner, 1866) descrita para la (Valenciennes, 1836), Calliclinus geniguttatus Isla Juan Fernández, es considerada nomen dubium 130 Clave actualizada de la familia labrisomidae: SÁEZ, S. & G. PEQUEÑO ya que se desconoce el tipo (Eschmeyer 2008). el estudio de éstos en su conjunto, debido a la gran La sistemática y taxonomía de esta familia, ha similitud morfológica que presentan. sufrido notables cambios desde que se consideró a El objetivo de este trabajo es reunir todos los Labrisomidae como un grupo hermano de Clinidae cambios taxonómicos efectuados en los peces de la (Hubbs 1952). Por muchos años, diversos autores familia Labrisomidae de Chile en una clave consideraron a los componentes de Labrisomidae actualizada, con indicación de la distribución como integrantes de la familia Clinidae (Hubbs geográfica y comentario de las sinonimias de las 1953, Springer 1959, De Buen 1962, Penrith 1969, especies chilenas. De esta manera, se pretende Stephens & Springer 1974). Bajo este supuesto, se fortalecer los conocimientos taxonómicos, consideraban los nombres genéricos Labrisomus sistemáticos y geográficos sobre dicha familia, lo (tribu Labrisomini), Calliclinus y Auchenionchus que facilitará nuevos estudios. (tribu Cryptotremini) como integrantes de la subfamilia Clininae (Fowler 1945, Steinitz 1950, Yánez 1955, De Buen 1962, Pequeño 1978, MATERIAL Y METODOS Cervigón et al. 1979, Stephens & Springer 1974). Luego, Springer (1970) tentativamente elevó a Para la elaboración de la clave se revisaron y Labrisomidae al rango de familia. Se le consideró seleccionaron los caracteres taxonómicos considerados como un taxa menos especializado que Clinidae y a en la literatura (Fowler 1951, Hubbs 1953, De Buen la vez se dudaba de la relación estrecha que hasta el 1962, Stephens & Springer 1974, Cervigón et al. 1979, momento se sostenía entre ambas. Por consecuencia, Inzunza & Pequeño 1988, Cárdenas & Pequeño 1995, se redefine Clinidae (George & Springer 1980) y se Chirichigno & Vélez 1998). excluye de ésta a Tripterygiidae, Labrisomidae y Las figuras de la clave fueron tomadas y modificadas Chaenopsidae y se adiciona la tribu Ophiclinini desde Stephens & Springer (1974) y Chirichigno & (Stepien 1992). Vélez (1998). Este cambio en la composición taxo - sistemática de Abreviaturas de los acrónimos mencionados en el la familia Labrisomidae, se asienta posteriormente texto (según Leviton et al. 1985): ANSP: Academy con estudios en aloenzimas y por secuencias de ADN of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, (Stepien 1992, Stepien et al. 1993). Actualmente U.S.A.; BMNH: British Museum of Natural History; aquellos cambios taxo - sistemáticos de Labrisomidae EBM: Universidad de Chile, Estación Biología se mantienen, sin embargo la literatura trata estos Marina de Montemar, Universidad de Valparaíso, cambios aisladamente, sin tener aún una herramienta Chile; IZUA: Instituto de Zoología, Universidad que unifique estas modificaciones y facilite el Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; MNHN: Muséum reconocimiento de estos peces, dificultando aún más National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Clave taxonómica de los peces de la familia Labrisomidae de Chile 1a. Dorsal XIX-XX, 11-13 radios, 68-74 escamas en la línea lateral, radios de la aleta caudal no ramificados: - Pectoral 14-16 (usualmente 15), anal II, 18-20; primera espina aleta dorsal corta, igual a la longitud del opérculo (Norte del Perú hasta Coquimbo, Chile)………...…….........……Labrisomus (Labrisomus) philippii (Fig. 1) 1b. Dorsal XX- XXVI, 9-15 radios, 40-64 escamas en la línea lateral, radios de la aleta caudal ramificados………………………………………….……………………………..................……………2a 2a. Aleta pectoral con 13-14 radios, pélvica I, 3; caudal 13, dos parches nucales 56-64 escamas en la línea lateral………………………………………………………..Auchenionchus………3a 2b. Aleta pectoral con 14-15 radios, pélvica I, 4; caudal 13, tres parches nucales (excepcionalmente dos), 40-48 escamas en la línea lateral………………....…….Calliclinus…5a 131 Gayana 73(1), 2009 3a. Aleta dorsal XXIV-XXV; 11-12, pectoral 14, anal II, 22. Escamación incompleta (especimenes sobre los 174 mm de LS); sin escamas en las membranas de las aletas; peritoneo negro (Iquique hasta Río Lar, en la costa abierta de Isla Chiloé, Chile)………………………………………………………………..A. variolosus (Fig. 2) 3b. Aleta dorsal XXV-XXVI; 9-12, pectoral 13, anal II, 23-24. Escamas cubren la totalidad del cuerpo y bases de las aletas, extendiéndose hacia las membranas (especimenes sobre 50 mm de LS); peritoneo blanco…………..………………………………………………….……………4a 4a. Número total de cirros nucales y orbitales 20-45, menos de 18 dientes en cada palatino (Pucasana, Perú hasta Viña del Mar, Chile)…………………..….……………………A. crinitus (Fig. 3) 4b. Número total de cirros nucales y orbitales menos de 20, numerosos dientes en cada palatino (50-100) (Isla Vieja, Perú hasta Valparaíso, Chile)……………………………..A. microcirrhis (Fig. 4) 5a. Vientre y axilas pectorales con escamas, dorsal XXIV-XXVI, 11-13; pélvica I, 3-4; anal 21-22. Ausencia de bandas oscuras en la región ventral de la mandíbula. Color pardo verdoso con áreas alternadas claras y oscuras sin formar bandas bien definidas. Por debajo de la dorsal cinco manchas rojizas o rosadas espaciadas entre sí. Otra mancha rojiza en el extremo superior del opérculo (Desde Antofagasta hasta Punta Arenas, Chile)…………………………………………….……...…………………………C. geniguttatus (Fig. 5 a) 5b. Vientre y axilas pectorales sin escamas, dorsal XXII-XXIII, 11-13; pélvica I, 3; anal 19-21. Presencia de bandas oscuras en la región ventral de la mandíbula. Franjas verticales pardo oscuro y claras alternadas, pero no bien definidas ni regularmente dispuestas (Caleta Leandro hasta costa interior de Quellón y sur de la Isla de Chiloé)……………………………………………………………………………...C. nudiventris (Fig. 5 b) FIGURA 1. Labrisomus (Labrisomus) philippii (Steindachner, 1866) (Modificado de Chirichigno & Vélez 1998). FIGURE 1. Labrisomus (Labrisomus) philippii (Steindachner, 1866) (Modified from Chirichigno & Vélez 1998). 132 Clave actualizada de la familia labrisomidae: SÁEZ, S. & G. PEQUEÑO FIGURA 2. Auchenionchus variolosus (Valenciennes, 1836) (Modificado de Stephens & Springer 1974). FIGURE 2. Auchenionchus variolosus (Valenciennes, 1836) (Modified from Stephens & Springer 1974). FIGURA 3. Auchenionchus crinitus (Jenyns, 1842) (Modificado de Stephens & Springer 1974). FIGURE 3. Auchenionchus crinitus (Jenyns, 1842) (Modified from Stephens & Springer 1974). 133 Gayana 73(1), 2009 FIGURA 4. Auchenionchus microcirrhis (Valenciennes, 1836) (Modificado de Stephens & Springer 1974). FIGURE
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