Universidade Federal De Pernambuco Centro De Ciências Biológicas Mestrado Em Biologia Animal – Zoologia

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Universidade Federal De Pernambuco Centro De Ciências Biológicas Mestrado Em Biologia Animal – Zoologia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Centro de Ciências Biológicas Mestrado em Biologia Animal – Zoologia Ecologia alimentar de jovens de Albula vulpes na praia dos Carneiros, estuário inferior do Rio Formoso, PE. Adriane Mendes Vieira Mota Recife, fevereiro de 2008 Adriane Mendes Vieira Mota Ecologia alimentar de jovens de Albula vulpes na praia dos Carneiros, estuário inferior do Rio Formoso, PE Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal - Zoologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Animal – Zoologia, na área de Ciências Biológicas. Orientador: Dr. José Roberto Botelho de Souza Co-orientadora: Dra. Maria Elisabeth de Araújo Fevereiro de 2008 Mota, Adriane Mendes Vieira Ecologia alimentar de Albula vulpes na praia dos Carneiros estuário inferior do Rio Formoso, PE. / Adriane Mendes Vieira Mota. – Recife: O Autor, 2008. 81 folhas : il., fig. tab. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. CCB. Biologia Animal, 2008. Inclui bibliografia. 1. Ecologia alimentar 2. Biologia Trófica – Albula vulpes 3. Peixes – Praia dos Carneiros. I. Título. 597 CDU (2.ed.) UFPE 597 CDD (22.ed.) CCB – 2008- 104 À minha família, Minha avó Valmira Nóbrega Barbosa. Meu avô João Vieira Lima. (in memorian) Pelos grandes ensinamentos e exemplo de vida. A minha mãe, irmãos, tias e tios. Por serem responsáveis por tudo que sou hoje e compartilharem comigo os maiores momentos de minha vida. II “Coragem, coragem, se o que você quer é aquilo que pensa e faz, Coragem, coragem, eu sei que você pode mais” (Raul Seixas) III Agradecimentos Agradeço primeiramente ao meu orientador, José Roberto Botelho de Souza, o “Betinho”. Por acreditar em mim sempre. Por antes de tudo, ser um ótimo amigo e muito paciente em todos os momentos (inclusive nos de desespero). À sua esposa, a “Cris”, por agüentar todos os atrasos que causei a ele, e pelos domingos de trabalho. Agradeço também a minha co-orientadora, Maria Elisabeth de Araújo (Beth), pelos inúmeros puxões de orelhas carinhosos que sempre me deu e que tanto me ajudaram a chegar onde cheguei, aqui! A minha família que soube compreender todas as minhas ausências nos aniversários, Natal, Ano Novo, Carnaval e etc... Sem vocês não sou ninguém. Minha mãe Vanilda Mendes Vieira e meus irmãos Thiago e Gabriel (agora diga que você não tem mais irmã). Minhas mães de coração, minhas tias lindas! Tios, primos e primas inclusos... Ao meu companheiro de vida, Airton Torres Carvalho, por tudo e por nada, simplesmente por existir! Ao meu sogro, sogra e cunhadas, pelo carinho sempre presente e por me aceitarem tão bem em suas vidas!!! A turma da Biologia Animal, meus amigos de risos e dores. Pessoas tão especiais que tive oportunidade de conhecer neste curso. E a Marcela Sátyro, minha amiga-irmã “taxinha”, que mesmo sem saber, tivemos oportunidade de nos revermos e fortalecer os laços. Ananias e Tadeu, sobrevivemos bem a mais dois anos juntos, né?! Difícil vai ser separar...Obrigada à secretária de nosso curso, Ana Elisabeth, por sua eficiência e por todos os papeizinhos nos anéis pra não esquecer de nada. A FAMÍLIA LACMAR, que me recebeu de braços abertos e sem os quais não me imagino mais sem. Josivete, Maria, Eduardo, Hilquias, Selma, Glória, Paulo, Dani, Valdemar, Suzane e Day!!!! E todos os anexos que insistem ser Betinhos e Betinhas...Obrigada por manterem minha mente sã e normal... Acho que essas páginas não seriam nada se eu não agradecesse a algumas pessoas...pessoas sem as quais isto ou parte disto nunca estariam prontos: A Maria dos Prazeres e Paulo Bonifácio pela ajuda com os poliquetas, pela paciência em responder toda vez que perguntava o nome de alguma coisa. Aislan Galdino da Cunha, pela identificação dos crustáceos e todas as boas conversas e incentivos. IV Jesser Fidelis de Souza Filho, pela identificação dos anfípodas. A você e a Val por agüentarem minhas inúmeras ligações. Ao meu irmão plêto, Pedro Augusto Mendes de Castro Melo, pela identificação dos copépodas, e mais que isso, por ser meu amigo. Gabi, eu não esqueci de você, obrigada por estes anos de alegria também. À todo o Laboratório De Zooplâncton, prof. Sigrid, Lúcia Gusmão, Fernando Porto, Andréa, Valdylene, Diana, Gabi, Relva e principalmente Tâmara de Almeida e Silva, por junto com Pedro ver meus copépodas. Ao Laboratório de Química do Depto. de Oceanografia, na figura de Manoel Flores, Iara, Keila, entre outros... Por todos os aperreios pré e pós coletas que dei a vocês. Obrigado pela ajuda! Um agradecimento super especial ao Lula, Danilo e Davi em nome de todo o Arikinbar da praia dos Carneiros. Por todo o apoio logístico, boas conversas e pelos momentos maravilhosos que foram estar neste oásis!!! Sem vocês esse trabalho não poderia ter sido feito. Aos que participaram das coletas e puderam sentir um pouco do “peso da rede” ou da chuva de madrugada: Airton mais uma vez, Mariana Chaves Ramalho (Mari Surta), Clayton Fernandes e seu Batmóvel, meu irmão Gabriel, Marcelinha, Lula (Lapa!), Lis, Nicole, Vlad, Cláudio Cabelo e Rodrigo por todo o carinho, companhia e bom humor mesmo trabalhando na chuva. Foi bom dividirmos todas as experiências. Aos meus “ori”, Beth e Betinho pela ida na coleta, e a Andréa Paiva pela ajuda no início. Aos amigos que mesmo não estando citados, participaram de minha vida, um pedacinho de tudo isto é de vocês também. Obrigada à DEUS, por me dar forças incondicionais durante mais esta jornada... V Sumário Página Dedicatória II Agradecimentos VI Lista de Figuras VII Lista de Tabelas VIII Resumo IX Abstract X 1. Introdução 1 2. Fundamentação Teórica 3 2.1. Estudos de ecologia alimentar e metodologias mais utilizadas 3 2.2. Albula vulpes: posição taxonômica e ecologia 9 2.2.1. Alimentação, morfologia digestiva e ecologia alimentar de Albula vulpes 15 3. Justificativa 16 4. Objetivos 17 3.1. Objetivo Geral 17 3.1.1. Objetivos específicos 17 5. Metodologia 18 5.1. Descrição da Área de Estudo 18 5.2. Coleta de Albula vulpes 20 5.3. Conteúdo estomacal 20 5.4 Dados químicos, granulometria e teor de matéria orgânica 24 5.5. Análise dos dados 25 6. Resultados 26 6.1 Captura e morfometria 26 VI 6.2. Conteúdo estomacal 30 6.2.1 Riqueza e diversidade dos itens encontrados 40 6.3 Dados abióticos 43 7. Discussão 45 8. Conclusões 55 9. Referências bibliográficas 56 VII Lista de Figuras Página Figura 1 - Mapa de ocorrência de Albula vulpes (Fonte: Froese & Pauly, 2007). 11 Figura 2 - Imagem de Raio-X de Albula vulpes, possibilitando observar raios das nadadeiras e vértebras (Fonte: Froese & Pauly, 2007). 12 Figura 3 - Exemplar de Albula vulpes coletado na praia de Carneiros, Tamandaré, Pernambuco. 12 Figura 4 – Mapa de localização da praia de Carneiros, Tamandaré (PE) 18 Figura 5 - Pontos de coleta na praia de carneiros. Em vermelho a área amostrada, em azul as sub áreas das coletas de dados abióticos. (Fonte: Google Earth) 19 Figura 6 - Média e desvio padrão de captura por arrasto de Albula vulpes na praia de Carneiros de dezembro de 2006 a novembro de 2007. 26 Figura 7 - Relação massa-comprimento (CT= 0,0063* Massa3,104) dos indivíduos de Albula vulpes capturados na praia de Carneiros, de dezembro de 2006 a Novembro de 2007. 27 Figura 8 - Histograma de freqüência-comprimento de A. vulpes no estuário inferior do Rio Formoso de dezembro de 2006 a novembro de 2007. 29 Figura 09 - Distribuição dos comprimentos médios totais por meses de amostragem e período de captura em Carneiros (PE). Estão apresentadas as médias, desvio padrão e abundâncias (Kruskal-Wallis, H=29,14, p<0,05). 30 Figura 10 - Situação de repleção dos intestinos dos 253 indivíduos de A. vulpes coletados de dezembro de 2006 a novembro de 2007 na praia de Carneiros. 31 Figura 11 - Situação de dilatação intestinal dos 253 indivíduos de A. vulpes coletados de dezembro de 2006 a novembro de 2007 na praia de Carneiros. 31 Figura 12 – Número de estômagos por classe de repleção em relação ao nível de digestão dos itens encontrados em estômagos de Albula vulpes de dezembro de 2006 a novembro de 2007. 32 Figura 13 - Situação de repleção estomacal dos 253 estômagos analisados de A. vulpes coletados de dezembro de 2006 a novembro de 2007. 33 Figura 14 - Volume dos grandes grupos de presas e outros conteúdos, amostrados em estômagos de Albula vulpes coletados na Praia dos Carneiros, Tamandaré, PE de dezembro de 2006 a novembro de 2007. 34 Figura 15 - Representação gráfica da dieta de Albula vulpes coletados na praia dos Carneiro de dezembro de 2006 a novembro de 2007, segundo Costello (1990). 35 Figura 16 - Principais crustáceos encontrados no conteúdo estomacal de A. vulpes na praia dos Carneiros de dezembro de 2006 a novembro de 2007. 39 Figura 17 - Principais poliquetas encontrados em conteúdo estomacal de A. vulpes na praia dos Carneiros de dezembro de 2006 a novembro de 2007. 40 Figura 18 - Média do número de itens alimentares, por indivíduo, em estômagos de A. vulpes coletados na praia dos Carneiros de dezembro de 2006 a novembro de 2007. Barra vertical corresponde a 95% do intervalo de confiança. 41 Figura 19 - Figura 20 – Número de presas por indivíduo nos períodos diurnos e noturnos, para A. vulpes capturados de dezembro de 2006 a novembro de 2007 na praia dos Carneiros. Barra vertical corresponde a 95% do intervalo de confiança. 42 Figura 20 – Variação do número de itens alimentares por indivíduo, equitabilidade (J`) 43 VIII e diversidade (Shanon-Winer – H`) por coleta de A. vulpes na praia de Carneiros de dezembro de 2006 a novembro de 2007. Barra vertical corresponde ao desvio padrão. IX Lista de Tabelas Página Tabela 01 - Categorias dos itens alimentares encontrados nos estômagos de Albula vulpes na praia dos Carneiros de dezembro de 2006 a novembro de 2007.
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