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Advances in Engineering Research, volume 156 18th International Conference on Sustainable Environment and Architecture (SENVAR 2018) The Role of Architecture in the Sustainable Development of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Lama Elkady Architecture Department, School of Engineering American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK) Ras Al Khaimah United Arab Emirates (UAE) [email protected] Eka Sediadi AArchitecture Department, School of Engineering American University of Ras Al Khaimah (AURAK)) Ras Al Khaimah United Arab Emirates (UAE) [email protected] Abstract— The United Arab Emirates (UAE) growth has Keywords—Sustainable development, Environment, developed immensely throughout the past few years, and along Sustainability, sustainable architecture, clean energy, ecological with its growth several environmental issues have been faced. footprint, Awareness, Carbon Emission, Vernacular, Traditional, In response to the climate and environmental inflictions and in Cooling loads, EUI, Passive, Active support of the United Nation sustainable goals for 2030, the United Arab Emirates has developed several means by which sustainable development can be achieved. The United Arab I. INTRODUCTION Emirates has created a widespread vision for future Through utilizing innovative sustainable architectural sustainability goals that govern the country’s role towards design solutions, a sustainable city can be established that as accomplishing successful path towards green economy. a result leads to achieving a country’s sustainable According to the Brundtland Report 1987, Sustainability development. In the light of this, The UAE aims to achieve developments are defined as those that “meet the needs of the strong sustainable development to match with its expansion present, without compromising the ability of future generations and growth over the years in order to preserve a bright future to meet their own needs” Sustainable development regulatory for its inhabitants by creating sustainable cities and bodies such as Estidama categorize sustainable development communities that are based upon innovative sustainable under 4 major categories; environmental, economic, social and architecture design. Consequently the UAE is a resilient cultural which are relevant in achieving a sustainable future. supporter in the creation of agenda 2030 that was founded in Through these initiatives, the UAE aims to meet the goal of 2017. Agenda 2030 consists of the 17 sustainable achieving 50% target for clean energy by the year 2050. development goals, based on the united nation’s millennium development goals, which aim to achieve better life and This research discusses the UAE initiatives, measures future to all. According to the United nations the agenda is” a and goals in the field of sustainable development and their plan of action for people, planet and prosperity. It also seeks effect in the UAE and the Middle East. The research also to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom.” The agenda analyzes different aspects by which sustainable architecture in focuses on a multidisciplinary work plan highlighting the UAE aids in providing a sustainable future for the country sustainable development centered around 4 pillars, 6 national on its path of development. Most important, the write-up aims priorities and 52 federal-level key performance indicators. to relate sustainable architecture and sustainability goals roles The agenda is therefore a guideline to sustainable in the process of sustainable development. In a nutshell the development through the creation of sustainable cities. By write-up discusses the solutions, responsibilities, challenges and embracing vernacular architecture solutions in relevance to initiatives that helps in meeting sustainability goals and climatic, environmental, social, cultural and economic maintains a better future for the upcoming generations. problems and modern innovative trends and solutions, Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 26 Advances in Engineering Research, volume 156 sustainable architecture can help achieve a sustainable future includes strategies such as self-driving smart transportation for the UAE. and RTA smart vehicle that can deliver up to ten passengers driverless. Dubai also aims at expanding and developing II. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT public transportation systems in cities such as taxis, buses, The UAE aims to achieve 17 sustainable development Dubai metro and tram by using electrical vehicles and eco- goals by 2030. The sustainable development goals cover friendly transportation. three main areas that are classified under the 17 goals: social, economic, and environmental. The goals include zero B. UAEpedia poverty and hunger, good health and wellbeing, quality education, gender equality, sustainable cities and UAEPedia is an online encyclopedia of the UAE communities documenting its culture, history and heritage while giving knowledge and information about aspects of the land. It According to the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA), the average Dubai resident consumes 20,000 helps in raising awareness about the diversity and identity in kilowatt-hours of energy per year .Due to the inflictions on the UAE. the environment by insatiable consumption of electricity and Carbon dioxide emission, the UAE, sustainable solutions C. Sustainable cities with a lower ecological footprint must take action. Sustainable architecture aids in creating sustainable cities. In One of the major sustainable development goals that order to fulfill the sustainable development goal relevant to have an enormous impact on the ecosystem and carbon sustainable cities and communities, cities and human emissions is sustainable cities. Sustainability is achieved in settlements need to be safe, inclusive, strong and sustainable. cities through maintain the three main pillars of The UAE has created a set of efforts in order to fulfill cities sustainability: Environmental, Economic and Social and communities sustainable needs including: Promoting sustainability. A sustainable city has to be sustainable sustainable infrastructure, UAEpedia, sustainable cities and socially, economically and environmentally. It is often a communities, and sustainability in the environment. challenge to achieve sustainability through a holistic approach. The basic idea of a holistic approach to A. Sustainable Infrastructure sustainable development is to provide a whole solution UAE vision 2021 agenda contains improving the quality which addresses all the three main factors of sustainability, of air, preserving water resources, increasing the rather than just dealing with one part solely. Ultimately, the contribution of clean energy and implementing green growth main goal of any sustainable city should be to provide its plans which is achieved through sustainable infrastructure users with the best quality of life possible together with the initiatives. The UAE aims to create efficient and sustainable lowest environmental footprint. airports, ports, road infrastructure, and electricity sources that utilize smart systems and technologies. The UAE is In order to create a sustainable city, a set of guidance investing $163 billion into renewable, clean fossil and rules and regulations should be followed and maintained. nuclear energy technologies for achieving a better future. Abu Dhabi introduced Estidama, a sustainable building Examples of sustainable infrastructure initiatives include initiative in 2010 that utilizes the Pearl Rating system for the Masdar city infrastructure studies and IRENA (International design, construction and operation of buildings, dwellings Renewable Energy Agency). and communities. All new buildings are required to obtain at least a one-pearl rating out of five, whereas all government Masdar city initiatives are emphasized on development buildings and dwellings must obtain a minimum of a two- of technologies in renewable energy, carbon management pearl rating. Dubai also introduced Al Sa’fat green building and monetization, energy efficiency, water usage and evaluation system in 2016. desalination coinciding with agenda 2030. The UAE has established several sustainable cities in IRENA is an intergovernmental organization in the compliance with the sustainable development goal and in Middle East that promotes sustainable and renewable response to climate change. These cities include Masdar energy. It is an organization that aims to solve problems city, Dubai sustainable city, Desert Rose city and Sheikh relevant to regional and national renewable energy Mohammed bin Rashid al Maktoum solar park. initiatives. One of the main culprits of greenhouse gas emission is D. Sustainable environment transportation. The establishment of sustainable transport In order to maintain a sustainable city and to protect the system and redesign of transportation contributes environment, the government has passed several laws and significantly to sustainable development in modern cities. launched several policies that protect and conserve the One of the main transportation initiatives towards environment. These laws include federal laws such as laws sustainable transportation in the field of sustainable concerning Protection and development of environment and infrastructure is The Smart Dubai initiative. The initiative its related issues, Delamination of maritime zones, on the 27 Advances in Engineering Research,