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Environmental Performance Reviews Republic of Moldova ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE Committee on Environmental Policy ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEWS REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Second Review UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2005 Environmental Performance Reviews Series No.23 NOTE Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In particular, the boundaries shown on the maps de not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. ECE/CEP/130 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. E.06.II.E.4 ISBN 92-1-116939-9 ISSN 1020-4563 iii Foreword Environmental Performance Reviews (EPRs) for countries in transition were initiated by Environment Ministers at the second “Environment for Europe” Conference in Lucerne, Switzerland, in 1993. As a result, the UNECE Committee on Environmental Policy decided to make the EPRs a part of its regular programme. Ten years later, at the fifth Ministerial Conference “Environment for Europe” (Kiev, 2003), the Ministers confirmed that the UNECE programme of EPRs had made it possible to assess the effectiveness of the efforts of countries with economies in transition to manage the environment The EPR programme also gave tailor-made recommendations to the Governments concerned on improving environmental management to reduce their pollution load, to better integrate environmental policies into sectoral policies and to strengthen cooperation with the international community. The ministers also reaffirmed their support for the EPR programme as an important instrument for countries with economies in transition, and they decided that the programme should continue to proceed with a second cycle of reviews. This second round, while taking stock of the progress made since the first review, puts particular emphasis on implementation, integration, financing and the socio-economic interface with the environment. Through the Peer Review process, EPRs also promote dialogue among UNECE member countries and harmonization of environmental conditions and policies throughout the region. As a voluntary exercise, the EPR is undertaken only at the request of the country itself. The studies are carried out by international teams of experts from the region working closely with national experts from the reviewed country. The teams also benefit from close cooperation with other organizations in the United Nations system, including the United Nations Development Programme, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. This is the second EPR of the Republic of Moldova published by UNECE. I hope that this Review will be useful to all countries in the region, to intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations alike and, especially, to the Republic of Moldova, its Government and its people. Marek Belka Executive Secretary United Nations Economic Commission for Europe v Preface The second Environmental Performance Review (EPR) of the Republic of Moldova began in November 2004 with the preparatory mission, during which the final structure of the report was discussed and established. Thereafter, the review team of international experts was constituted. It included experts from Belarus, Estonia and Lithuania with experts from the secretariats of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The review mission took place from 12 to 19 April 2005. A draft of the conclusions and recommendations as well the draft EPR report were submitted to the Republic of Moldova for comments in July 2005. In October 2005, the draft was submitted for consideration to the Ad Hoc Expert Group on Environmental Performance. During this meeting, the Expert Group discussed the report in detail with expert representatives of the Government of the Republic of Moldova, focusing in particular on the conclusions and recommendations made by the international experts. The EPR report, with suggested amendments from the Expert Group, was then submitted for peer-review to the UNECE Committee on Environmental Policy on 10 October 2005. A high-level delegation from the Government of the Republic of Moldova participated in the peer review. The Committee adopted the recommendations as set out in this report. The report takes stock of the progress made by the Republic of Moldova in the management of its environment since the country was first reviewed in 1998, in particular in the implementation of the recommendations of the first review. It also covers eight issues of importance to the Republic of Moldova, concerning policy-making, planning and implementation; the financing of environmental policies and projects; and the integration of environmental concerns in economic sectors and promotion of sustainable development. Among the issues receiving special attention during the review were compliance and enforcement mechanisms; economic instruments and environmental funds; and environmental management in agriculture and forestry and in industrial activities. The UNECE Committee on Environmental Policy and the UNECE review team would like to thank both the Government of the Republic of Moldova and its experts who worked with the international experts and contributed with their knowledge and assistance. UNECE wishes the Government of the Republic of Moldova further success in carrying out the tasks before it to meet its environmental objectives and policy, including the implementation of the conclusions and recommendations in this second review. UNECE would also like to express its deep appreciation to the Governments of Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom for their support to the Environmental Performance Review Programme, and to the United Nations Development Programme for their contribution to the work in the Republic of Moldova, the preparation of this report and its translation and publication into the national language. vii LIST OF TEAM MEMBERS Ms. Catherine MASSON ECE secretariat Team Leader Mr. Antoine NUNES ECE secretariat Project Coordinator Mr. Jyrki HIRVONEN ECE secretariat Introduction Mr. Aare SIRENDI Estonia Chapter 1 Mr. Eugene MAZUR OECD Chapter 2 Mr. Mikhail KOKINE ECE secretariat Chapter 3 Ms. Natalya GOLOVKO Belarus Chapter 4 Mr. Jaromir CEKOTA ECE secretariat Chapter 5 Mr. Oleg DZIOUBINSKI ECE secretariat Chapter 6 Mr. Bo LIBERT ECE secretariat Chapter 7 Ms. Dalia STREIMIKIENE Lithuania Chapter 8 The mission for the project took place from 10 April to 20 April 2005.The peer review was held in Geneva on 10 October 2005.The UNECE Committee on Environmental Policy adopted the recommendations set out in this publication. Information cut-off date: 10 October 2005 UNECE Information Unit Phone: +41 (0)22 917 44 44 Palais des Nations Fax: +41 (0)22 917 05 05 CH-1211 Geneva 10 E-mail: [email protected] Switzerland Website: http://www.unece.org viii LIST OF NATIONAL CONTRIBUTORS Constantin Mihailescu Minister, Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources Violeta Ivanov Head, Division of Environmental Policy and European Integration Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources Mihai Iftodi Head, Division of Prevention of Environmental Pollution Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources Mihail Coca Head, Division of Natural Resources and Biodiversity Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources Tatiana Plesco Consultant, Division of Environmental Policy and European Integration Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources Valentina Caldarus Deputy Head, Division of Natural Resources and Biodiversity Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources Valeriu Cazac Head, State Hydrometeorological Service Ghene Jalalite Head, Agency for Geology “AGeoM” Adam Begu Head, National Institute of Ecology Maria Nagornii Consultant, Division of Environmental Policy and European Integration Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources Gavriil Gilca Head, Department of Environmental Quality Monitoring State Hydrometeorological Service Liudmila Marduhaeva Consultant, Division of Prevention of Environmental Pollution Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources Stefan Stasiev Consultant, Division of Prevention of Environmental Pollution Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources Inga Podoroghin Main Specialist, Division of Environmental Policy and European Integration, Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources Nicu Vrednic Consultant, Division of Environmental Policy and European Integration, Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources Mihai Mustea Deputy Head, State Ecological Inspectorate Elena Belousova Consultant, Protection of Water Resources and Atmospheric Air Division, State Ecological Inspectorate Mihai Nadchernicinii Head, Division of Logistics and Environmental Security State Ecological Inspectorate Valeriu Mosanu National Institute of Ecology Ion Panciuc Head, Central Territorial Ecological Agency State Ecological Inspectorate Radu Bajureanu Deputy Head, Environmental Agency “Centru” Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources Ion Sava Head, Orhei District Ecological Office, State Ecological Inspection Anatolie Spivacenco Vice Minister, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry Iurie Senic Consultant, Division of Agro chemistry, Ecology and Plant Protection,
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