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International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights UNITED NATIONS CCPR International covenant Distr. on civil and GENERAL political rights CCPR/C/MDA/2 26 December 2007 Original: ENGLISH HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 40 OF THE COVENANT Second periodic reports of States parties REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA [5 October 2007] GE.08-40030 (E) 160408 CCPR/C/MDA/2 page 2 CONTENTS Paragraphs Page I. GENERAL DATA ............................................................................... 1 4 II. INTRODUCTION................................................................................. 2 - 11 5 III. STATE OF AFFAIRS IN THE TRANSDNIESTRIAN REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA ................................................ 12 - 119 8 IV. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COVENANT .................................... 120 - 765 31 Article 1 ................................................................................................ 120 - 135 31 Article 2 ................................................................................................ 136 - 159 35 Article 3 ................................................................................................ 160 - 168 39 Articles 4 and 5 .................................................................................... 169 - 185 43 Article 6 ................................................................................................ 186 - 213 46 Article 7 ................................................................................................ 214 - 263 50 Article 8 ................................................................................................ 264 - 297 58 Article 9................................................................................................. 298 - 322 65 Article 10 .............................................................................................. 323 - 386 71 Article 11 .............................................................................................. 387 - 390 82 Article 12 .............................................................................................. 391 - 401 84 Article 13 .............................................................................................. 402 - 434 86 Article 14 .............................................................................................. 435 - 486 91 Article 15 .............................................................................................. 487 - 488 101 Article 16 .............................................................................................. 489 101 Article 17 .............................................................................................. 490 - 544 101 Article 18 .............................................................................................. 545 - 551 111 Article 19 .............................................................................................. 552 - 598 112 Article 20 .............................................................................................. 599 - 645 120 CCPR/C/MDA/2 page 3 CONTENTS (continued) Paragraphs Page Article 21 .............................................................................................. 646 - 663 127 Article 22 .............................................................................................. 664 - 677 130 Article 23 .............................................................................................. 678 - 682 133 Article 24 .............................................................................................. 683 - 710 135 Article 25 .............................................................................................. 711 - 718 141 Article 26 .............................................................................................. 719 - 735 143 Article 27 .............................................................................................. 736 - 765 146 Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 152 References .......................................................................................................................... 153 CCPR/C/MDA/2 page 4 I. GENERAL DATA 1. Pursuant to provisions of article 40 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and following the guidance on the form and contents of the initial reports of States parties, this report on actions undertaken by the Republic of Moldova in application of the Covenant and on progress made over the period 1 January 2002 to 31 October 2006 is hereby submitted to the Committee on Human Rights. The Republic of Moldova ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) on 28 June 1990 by Decree of the Parliament No. 217-XII, and was enacted on 26 April 1993. 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1. Demographic data Population (end of year, in thousands) 3 617.7 3 607.4 3 600.41 3 589.9 3 581.1 Natural growth of the population, -1.7 -1.8 -1.0 -1.9 -1.5 in per cent Rural, per cent 58.6 59.0 59.0 59.1 58.7 Urban, per cent 41.4 41.0 41.0 40.9 41.3 2. Human development Human Development Index 0.716 0.723 0.730 0.733 0.694 GDP per capita, Moldovan Lei 6 227 7 646 8 890 10 475 12 292 GDP per capita, US$ 459 548 721 831 936 Life expectancy at birth 68.1 68.1 68.4 67.8 ... Adult literacy rate, per cent 98.5 98.7 98.9 99.1 ... Gross rate of enrolment in educational 70.1 71.0 70.9 71 7 ... institutions of all levels per cent 3. Socio-economic indicators GDP, real annual growth per cent 7.8 6.6 7.4 7.5 4.0 Unemployment, per cent 6.8 7.9 8.1 7.3 7.4 Inflation rate, end of year, per cent 4.4 15.7 12.5 10.0 14.1 Relative poverty threshold, Lei 202.3 257.2 294.4 319.3 ... Poverty rate, per cent 23.6 19.4 20.3 23.3 ... Labour revenues and remittances of 19.4 24.4 27.0 30.6 35.0 non-residents (inputs), per cent of GDP Flow of foreign direct investments into the 5.1 3.7 5.7 6.6 6.6 national economy (net), per cent of GDP 1 In conformity with the October 2004 census the number of population was 3,383.3 thousands people. CCPR/C/MDA/2 page 5 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1. Demographic data GDP Gross foreign debt (end of year), million US$ 1 821.4 1 936.1 1 897.9 2 080.5 2 482.1 Foreign debt serviced by the Government 724.3 751.4 688.9 656.3 718.2 (end of year), million US$ 2. Health Infant mortality under one, per 1 000 live births 14.7 14.4 12.2 12.4 11.8 Maternal mortality, per 100 000 live births 28.0 21.9 23.5 18.6 16.0 New cases of active tuberculosis 3 026 4 016 4 289 4 704 4 602 Public expenditure on health, per cent of GDP 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.8 3. Education Rate of net enrolment in preschool institutions, 54.0 58.7 63.7 68.6 ... per cent Rate of net enrolment in primary schools, per cent 92.7 92.4 91.0 87.8 ... Number of students in universities (thousands) 95.0 104.0 114.6 126.1 128.0 Public expenditures on education, per cent of GDP 6.9 6.7 6.8 7.2 8.2 II. INTRODUCTION 2. Pursuant to article 1(3) of the Constitution (supreme law of the country) the Republic of Moldova is a democratic state with the rule of law, in which human dignity, human rights and liberties, free development of personality, justice and political pluralism are supreme values and are guaranteed. The heading of Chapter 2 of the Constitution, dedicated to these values, is called Fundamental rights, freedoms and duties, taking into account their essence and significance. Human rights are of imperative significance both politically and morally, a constitutional and legal institution inherent to any democratic and modern, rule of law State. Human rights represent the pillar value in application of “human coordinates” not only in respect to State, law, justice, rule of law, but also in respect to civil society, in view of the fact that the maturity and development of a civil society depends to a great extent on the condition of human rights, on the complexity of these rights and on the degree of their protection. 3. The Constitution of the Republic of Moldova stipulates that constitutional provisions on human rights and freedoms shall be interpreted and applied in compliance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, with international agreements to which the Republic of Moldova is a signatory party, international human rights provisions taking precedence in relation to the internal ones (art. 4). The reporting period has featured the adoption of a significant number of legal acts of national importance, such as the Criminal Code adopted on 12 April 2002, the Code of Criminal Procedure adopted on 14 March 2003, the Civil Code adopted on 6 June 2002, the Code for Civil Procedure adopted on 30 May 2003, etc. All these legal acts entered into force on 12 June 2003. 4. Probably, the most important event of the reporting period was the adoption of the National Human Rights Actions Plan in (NHRAP) by the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova by Decree No. 415-XV of 24 October 2003 for the period 2004-2008. This document envisages numerous and diverse actions ultimately aimed at improvement of legislation, strengthening of CCPR/C/MDA/2 page 6 democratic institutions, training and education in human rights, building public awareness of existing opportunities and tools for realizing and safeguarding fundamental human rights and freedoms. It was developed pursuant to the recommendations of the Vienna World Conference in Human Rights and aims at ascertaining the realization of a common policy and strategy of State institutions and civil society to
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