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Perspectives Journal Réseau Français Des Instituts D’Études Avancées ISSN 2263-1577 perspectives Journal Réseau français des Instituts d’études avancées n. 10 — automne-hiver | autumn-winter 2013-2014 www.rfiea.fr A Microcosm of the Anthropocene Eduardo S. Brondizio Conflit d’usages des espaces naturels au Costa Rica Edgar Fernandez Fernandez La politique de l’Empire russe dans l’orient Islam politique et changement chrétien social en Mauritanie Elena Astafieva Zekeria Ahmed Salem 2 LES DÉSENCHANTEMENTS DU ÉDITO PRINTEMPS ARABE 3 Morad Diani | ancien résident à l’IMéRA Marseille Olivier Bouin | Directeur du RFIEA L’IMPORTANCE DU LOCAL Des années 1930 aux années 1970, les SHS fran- à renforcer la position de nos chercheurs, de nos POUR L’HISTOIRE 7 çaises ont été fortement internationalisées. Les établissements et de nos réseaux en SHS au sein paradigmes constitués par l’École des Annales de l’Espace européen de la Recherche et plus Drago Rotar | ancien résident à l’IEA de Paris, et en histoire, le structuralisme en anthropologie largement dans la recherche mondialisée : Taja Kramberger ou en linguistique et la déconstruction en phi- • rendre possible l’enseignement de quelques losophie représentaient les cadres théoriques et matières fondamentales dans la langue la plus méthodologiques dominants dans la recherche utilisée par la communauté scientifique interna- LA POLITIQUE DE L’EMPIRE RUSSE internationale. L’attractivité de la recherche tionale de la discipline considérée, française et des institutions qui la portaient et • renforcer la mobilité internationale, dès le DANS L’ORIENT CHRÉTIEN 9 accompagnaient son rayonnement à l’étranger début des parcours de recherche, pour s’infor- Elena Astafieva | résidente à l’IEA de Nantes était considérable. mer des grandes évolutions des courants de pen- sée et participer à des réseaux internationaux, Depuis trente ans, la multiplication des sources • mieux accompagner la préparation des pro- et des lieux de savoir au niveau mondial, l’extra- jets européens et internationaux, A MICROCOSM OF THE ordinaire développement des moyens de dif- • valoriser les expériences internationales ANTHROPOCENE 10 fusion des connaissances, le dépassement du dans les recrutements des chercheurs et des « nationalisme méthodologique » pour penser enseignants-chercheurs, Eduardo S. Brondizio | ancien résident à l’IEA de les questions contemporaines de manière glo- • faciliter le portage par des fondations inté- Paris bale, la vive concurrence entre grandes institu- grées aux communautés universitaires et d’éta- tions universitaires mondiales, le rôle moteur des blissements, à des instituts ou des organismes carrières individuelles dans la professionnalisa- scientifiques. CONFLITS D’USAGE DES ESPACES tion de la recherche ou l’évaluation externe de la production scientifique et de son financement Parallèlement à la mise en œuvre progressive de NATURELS AU COSTA RICA 14 ont profondément modifié la manière dont ces actions, un cadre national pour l’internatio- Edgar Fernandez Fernandez | résident au Colle- procède l’internationalisation de la recherche. nalisation des SHS a été formé avec la création À la fois moyen permettant d’atteindre une en 2012 de l’infrastructure NEFIAS (Network gium de Lyon certaine forme d’excellence scientifique et vec- for Internationalising Advanced Science) par le teur de rayonnement de celle-ci dans le champ ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la des connaissances, l’internationalisation ne se Recherche. Placée sous la responsabilité de l’Al- ANTIATLAS DES FRONTIÈRES 16 constate plus, ni ne se décrète ; elle se construit. liance Athéna, l’infrastructure NEFIAS – dont Cédric Parizot | IMéRA Marseille la préfiguration a été confiée à la direction du Dans le domaine des SHS, la recherche fran- RFIEA – a pour but d’offrir des services pour çaise dispose d’un dispositif de qualité, riche et faciliter l’internationalisation de l’ensemble de diversifié dans nombre de domaines essentiels. la communauté scientifique française en SHS : ISLAM POLITIQUE ET CHANGEMENT Le potentiel de recherche français ne tire tou- • une action de veille, de collecte d’informa- tefois pas parti, sauf en de trop rares exceptions, tion et de constitution de base de données afin SOCIAL EN MAURITANIE 18 des opportunités intellectuelles, des ressources de renforcer la lisibilité des actions, des disposi- Zekeria Ahmed Salem | Ancien résident des IEA scientifiques et financières, des partenariats tifs et des structures ; de Paris et de Nantes institutionnels qu’offrent un processus maîtrisé • une action d’information, de diffusion et de d’internationalisation. relais pour renforcer la fluidité de l’information au bénéfice des communautés de chercheurs ; De nombreux efforts ont été déployés au cours • une action de développement, d’expertise CONFRÉRIES SOUFIES ET des dernières années pour redresser l’attracti- et d’impulsion pour accélérer la mise en œuvre ADMINISTRATION DU PLURALISME vité des SHS françaises et des institutions qui d’initiatives permettant de tirer parti de mutua- les font vivre, tant au niveau individuel des lisations et de synergies encore insuffisamment RELIGIEUX AU SÉNÉGAL 20 établissements et des organismes qu’au plan exploitées. Mamadou Diouf | Conseil scientifique du RFIEA collectif dans le cadre des regroupements sur site ou des réseaux thématisés. Les créations L’approche retenue pour le développement de récentes en France d’IEA, des écoles d’éco- l’infrastructure est celle d’une plateforme afin nomie de Toulouse et de Paris, du Collège de créer les conditions d’un échange structuré RÉSIDENTS 2013 – 2014 ET d’études mondiales de Paris, pour ne citer que et équilibré avec les principaux acteurs français MISCELLANÉES 23 quelques exemples, représentent des initiatives et de dialoguer avec les grandes institutions et scientifiques, méthodologiques et intellectuelles les grands réseaux internationaux pour iden- innovantes, propres à renouveler les termes du tifier les meilleurs partenaires en fonction des débat en France, à l’ouvrir aux questionnements priorités et des initiatives retenues. Deux chan- L’UTILITÉ DE L’INUTILE 24 et approches qui se sont développées depuis le tiers prioritaires ont été fixés : l’amélioration Nuccio Ordine | ancien résident à l’IEA de Paris tournant de la globalisation des trente dernières de la réponse française aux appels européens et années, et à ancrer ce renouvellement dans le l’optimisation et le renforcement des dispositifs tissu universitaire. de mobilité entrante et sortante. Ces efforts et initiatives, auxquelles participe Sont notamment programmées la réalisation perspectives n. 10 le dispositif centré sur la mobilité « sortante » d’un portail Incoming mobility (destiné à pro- (IFRE, EFE, UM internationales, labora- mouvoir les dispositifs d’accueil de haut niveau ISSN 2263-1577 toires internationaux associés, etc.), doivent se en France à l’attention de la communauté inter- Parution : novembre 2013 connecter, se renforcer mutuellement, tirer le nationale) et Outgoing mobility (destiné à la Directeur de la publication : Olivier Bouin meilleur parti des synergies potentielles dans communauté française pour faire connaître les Édition : Julien Ténédos une dynamique renforcée avec des partenaires dispositifs de mobilité à l’étranger) ainsi que Crédits photos : Mauritania, © [John] (FlickR) ; Frog, ©Tojosan (FlickR) ; européens et internationaux, pour collecti- des actions de développement (synergie avec les Uniforms of Lejb-Guard Konnyj (Лейб-гвардии Конный полк) regiment of vement être à l’échelle des enjeux relatifs à la appels d’offres internationaux de l’ANR, déve- Russian Empire army in 1848 ; Costa Rica ©CaptainKimo. mobilisation du potentiel national de recherche. loppement d’un projet européen pour cofinan- Cette recommandation figure dans le rapport cer la mobilité « sortante », etc.). Tous les portraits des résidents ont été réalisés par Christophe Delory. « Internationalisation » de l’Alliance Athéna1, L’équipe du RFIEA tient à remercier chaleureusement pour leur contribu- qui indique plusieurs pistes d’actions de nature Par le biais du réseau qui les regroupe, les IEA tion : Elena Astafieva, Olivier Bouin, Eduardo Brondizio, Morad Diani, français participent pleinement, avec leurs 1. L’alliance Athéna regroupe les acteurs majeurs des Mamadou Diouf, Edgar Fernandez Fernandez, Taja Kramberger, Cédric Pari- caractéristiques spécifiques,à cette dynamique SHS françaises : la conférence des présidents d’uni- zot, Drago Rotar et Zekeria Ahmed Salem, ainsi que Marie-Jeanne Barrier, versité, le Centre national de la recherche scientifique, d’internationalisation, ce qui contribue à ren- Marie-Thérèse Cerf, Pascale Hurtado, Aspasia Nanaki et Mylène Trouvé pour la conférence des grands écoles, l’Institut natinoal des forcer leur inscription scientifique et institu- leur collaboration. études démographiques, l’Institut de recherche sur le tionnelle tant au niveau des politiques de site développement, l’Institut national de recherche agrono- que sur le plan national. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays. mique et la Fondation Maison des sciences de l’homme. perspectives n. 10 — automne-hiver | autumn-winter 2013-2014 3 LES DÉSENCHANTEMENTS DU PRINTEMPS ARABE SOUS LE PRISME DE L’ÉPISTÉMÈ Morad Diani | ancien résident à l’IMéRA d’Aix-Marseille Morad Diani est économiste et philosophe, chercheur au Doha Institute (Qatar). Il s’intéresse particulièrement à l’économie de la connaissance, aux théories évo­ lutionnistes et à la pensée économique et sociale. Il a participé à de nombreuses conférences internationales et publié
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