De Bandes-Annonces Cinématographiques 1988-2008

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De Bandes-Annonces Cinématographiques 1988-2008 Direction des bibliothèques AVIS Ce document a été numérisé par la Division de la gestion des documents et des archives de l’Université de Montréal. L’auteur a autorisé l’Université de Montréal à reproduire et diffuser, en totalité ou en partie, par quelque moyen que ce soit et sur quelque support que ce soit, et exclusivement à des fins non lucratives d’enseignement et de recherche, des copies de ce mémoire ou de cette thèse. L’auteur et les coauteurs le cas échéant conservent la propriété du droit d’auteur et des droits moraux qui protègent ce document. Ni la thèse ou le mémoire, ni des extraits substantiels de ce document, ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement reproduits sans l’autorisation de l’auteur. Afin de se conformer à la Loi canadienne sur la protection des renseignements personnels, quelques formulaires secondaires, coordonnées ou signatures intégrées au texte ont pu être enlevés de ce document. Bien que cela ait pu affecter la pagination, il n’y a aucun contenu manquant. NOTICE This document was digitized by the Records Management & Archives Division of Université de Montréal. The author of this thesis or dissertation has granted a nonexclusive license allowing Université de Montréal to reproduce and publish the document, in part or in whole, and in any format, solely for noncommercial educational and research purposes. The author and co-authors if applicable retain copyright ownership and moral rights in this document. Neither the whole thesis or dissertation, nor substantial extracts from it, may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author’s permission. In compliance with the Canadian Privacy Act some supporting forms, contact information or signatures may have been removed from the document. While this may affect the document page count, it does not represent any loss of content from the document. '-) Université de Montréal Esthétique et rhétorique de bandes-annonces cinématographiques 1988-2008 Par Claudia Win Département d'histoire de l'art et d'études cinématographiques Faculté des arts et des sciences Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise ès arts en études cinématographiques Janvier 2009 © Claudia Win, 2009 Université de Montréal Faculté des études supérieures Ce mémoire intitulé : Esthétique est rhétorique de bandes-annonces cinématographiques 1988-2008 Présenté par : Claudia Win a été évalué par un jury composé des personnes suivantes : Silvestra Mariniello président-rapporteur Gennain Lacasse directeur de recherche Olivier Asselin membre du jury Hi ) RÉSUMÉ / Les bandes-annonces ne sont pas toutes formatées de la même façon. L'analyse d'une dizaine de bandes-annonces diffusées entre 1988 et 2008 montre que l'esthétique et la rhétorique des bandes-annonces peuvent concilier un aspect créatif et un aspect commercial. Dans les milieux culturels, l'offre prévaut sur la demande, les films répondent alors à un processus de commercialisation différent des produits de consommation courante. L'utilisation des éléments du film (plans, images et sons) dans la bande-annonce répond aux impératifs publicitaires de l'industrie. À cela, il faut ajouter des techniques telles que le montage, les animations, les titrages, le graphisme, les voix off, qui ensemble produisent un format créatif chargé d'un message promotionnel. Mots clés: bande-annonce, cinéma, marketing, film, esthétique, rhétorique. iv ABSTRACT Movie trailers do not aH share the same type of set-up. The analysis of about ten theatrical trailers broadcasted between 1988 and 2008 shows that the aesthetic and the rhetoric of movie trailers can combine creative and commercial aspects. In the cultural world, supply often exceeds demand. The commercialization of movies is different from everyday life products. The use of movies elements (shots, pictures and sounds) has to answer specific advertising needs related to the industry. The gathering of techniques such as editing, animation, titles, graphics, voice over, generates a creative format merged with a promotional message. Key words : trailers, cinema, marketing, movie, aesthetic, rhetoric. v TABLE DES MATIERES INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 2 PREMIÈRE PARTIE ................................................................................................................................ 5 1.1 TERMINOLOGIE .................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 ÉVOLUTION ET HISTOIRE DE LA BANDE-ANNONCE AMÉRICAINE ...................................................... 8 1.3 HISTOIRE DE LA BANDE-ANNONCE EN FRANCE............................................................................... 11 1.4 COMPARAISON DES DEUX HISTOIRES .............................................................................................. 12 1.5 CHOIX DU CORPUS ............................................................................................................................. 13 DEUXIÈME PARTIE ............................................................................................................................. 15 2.1 LE MARKETING TRADITIONNEL ....................................................................................................... 15 a) Origine et définition ...................................................................................................................................... 15 b) La segmentation et le positionnement.................................................................................................. 16 c) Le marketing mix ............................................................................................................................................ 17 2.2 LE MARKETING CULTUREL ............................................................................................................... 17 a) Origine et définition ...................................................................................................................................... 17 b) Le marketing cinématographique ........................................................................................................... 19 c) Le marketing du film ..................................................................................................................................... 19 2.3 LA CONSOMMATION CUL TURELLE .................................................................................................... 21 a) Le produit culturel ......................................................................................................................................... 23 b) Le produit-film ....................................................................... :........................................................................ 24 2.4 LA PUBLICITE ET LA PROMOTION .................................................................................................... 25 2.5 LA BANDE-ANNONCE ......................................................................................................................... 26 a) Conception d'une bande-annonce ........................................................................................................... 27 b) Public visé ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 0 c) Attitude face à une bande-annonce ........................................................................................................ 30 TROISIÈME PARTIE............................................................................................................................ 33 3.1 PROCEDES RHETORIQUES ET ESTHETIQUES ................................................................................... 33 a) L'effet Kuleshov et les falsifications ....................................................................................................... 34 b) Le son .................................................................................................................................................................. 35 c) Les titres ............................................................................................................................................................. 38 d) L'aspect graphique ........................................................................................................................................ 39 e) La profondeur de champ ............................................................................................................................. 40 t) Les figures primaires ..................................................................................................................................... 41 g) L'intrigue ........................................................................................................................................................... 42 h) Les fonctions affectives et cognitives .................................................................................................... 42 i) Le caractère promotionnel .......................................................................................................................... 42 3.2 ANALYSE DETAILLEE ......................................................................................................................... 44 A. BANDES-ANNONCES
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