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Jurnal Pusdiknas Vol.l No.4 April 2015 - Juni 2Al5

Penanggung Jawab Direktur Eksekutif Pusdiknas

Dewan Penyunting Dr. Ibrahim, LLM., Dr. Muhammad Marzuki Adji Rahmatullah

Penyunting Pelaksana Iwan Ridwan Zaelani, M.Si Amir Mahmud, lVfE Luli Barlaini, M.Si

Alamat Redaksi Jl. Pinang IV. No. 66 JakartaUhra(I427}) Tlp. 021. 2373 6523 Faks. 021. 440 l0l5 Email : redaksi@pusdiknas. com Homepage : www.pusdiknas. com

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Jakarta, Juni 2015 Redaksi Daftar lsi

KEPENTINGAN EKONOMI POLITIK CINA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN KORIDOR EKONOMI UTARA SELATAN GREATER MEKONG SUB-REGION TAHAP t (2002-2012) Ratu lndah Dzakiyyah, S.Sos dan Shanti Darmastuti, S.lP., M.Si

PERANG MELAWAN TERORISME: SEBUAH KEPENTINGAN POLITIK GLOBAL AMERIKA SERIKAT DI IRAK Asep Kamaluddin Nashir, M.Si .. 11

PEMBERLAKUKAN MEA (MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN) DAN STRATEGI INDONESIA MENGHADAPI LIBERALISASI PASAR JASA KONSTRUKSI: TINJAUAN EKONOMI POLITIK Syahrul Salam, ful.Si 20

HUKUM DAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI Damun, S.H.,M.H 25

KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH TENTANG SEKOLAH RUMAH (HOMESCHOOLTNG) Dra. Aniek lrawatie, M.Si 31

ANALYSIS OF THE INTERPRETATION OF DRINKING

C U LTU RE S EE N FROM I NTE RC U LTU RAL COM M U N I CATION PERSPECTIVE (DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE OF INDONESIA, , AND ) Dr. llona V. Oisina Situmeang .. 40 ANALYSIS OF THE INTERPRETATION OF TEA SEEN FROM INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVE (DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE CULTURE OF INDONESIA, CHINA, AND JAPAN)

ILONA V. OISINA SITUMEANG POSTGRADUATE LECTURER FACULTY OF COMMUNICATION SCIENCE UPI-YAI, JAKARTA [email protected]

ABSTRACT Each culture has its own uniqueness & tradition that need to be preserved. So is in which each culture has diverse interpretation. Indonesia, as a country with the fifth largest tea plantations in the world, has a dffirent interpretation of tea culture contparedwith China and Japan. In this study the author used a qualitative approach with descriptive nature. There were infornrunts in this study; consisted of three representatives of Indonesian culture, two of Chinese culture and one of Japanese culture. The research results showed that the Indonesian people only interpret tea- drinking as afamily trariition without any ceremony or using sophisticated . But somehow in the palace of Yog,,akarta, tradition of tea drinking is a routine which the king performs every ntorning and evening. To the Chinese, tea drinking tradition is known as tea-pouring, which i,s often found on the wedding celebration or other feast, with the aim of well-being, wealth and fortune by using porcelain tea sets, and tea used is natural tea from China. For the Japanese, cultural tradition of tea drinking is known as Chado or Sado, it is considered as a sacred tradition. Everyone in the society mayfollow this tradition, butfirst they have to learn about the since there are and don'ts during the ceremony. Tba drinking is also valued as an arl; every moventent in presenting, brewing, sertting, and drinking the tea will indicate each individualb sense of ort.

PREFACE contrast to drinking tea for the people of China, where the tea culture in China has formed a A. Background ofthe Study unique phenomenon. Brewing, serving and Indonesia is a country with world's tasting tea is valued as an art for the people of fifth largest tea plantation after China, , China. , and . There are only eight China is the origin of tea plants, and the provinces in Indonesia which cultivate tea as a people made drinking tea became a phenomenon .:rse-scale commodity, but many areas cultivate that is entrenched in the society. The :.f as a small business. Hence. it is undoubted interpretations of tea culture - including from :h:: Indonesia has a huge potential as a tea the perspective of intercultural communication --:u;ins : country. Somehow there is a lack of - contribute to the diverse meaning of tea- . -:::s:andins about tea in the society due to the drinking activit),. - -: - . :ea knorvledge among the tea famers; Every culture has different customs, and . .-- is :.sic knou,ledge abor-rt varieties of tea a certain meaning is expected in each of these - - - -.. : and advanced technical knowledge customs. Chinese society is very concerned ,". :-' JLilti\ate. treat. pick, brew, and about the taste and aroma of the tea. They also like to corlrpare one type of tea with another. '- - " -'* ' kn..u hou, to prodLrce tea for L-r China. the presentation of drinking tea - - - i :i:\ e tea u ith cold or hot u ater is not accornpanied by a dish of . ln the - - -- .:ir:re: plain or ri ith . In tradition of tea drirrking in China, there are trvo containers; a cup anJ i the tea is hot and served with whiskey. Guests for the purpose Lrl' :1.;-: are e.rpected to admire the garden, tools, decor, is for sipping the r:: architecture, ceramics, and flowers in the room The mrnn-': w ith proper compliment to the host. or the art ol it. :;::_:.: ::a: .: :hr_-r\\n in the As for Indonesia, tea culture is still tea ceremon\. ( :::.;.r- t:epJre tea in front comparatively low whereas Indonesia is the fifth of the guests. piii re3 leares on the bottorn of largest tea producer in the world. The cause of clay . The te apot is ntade of clay and it this low consumption level is because of a lack is porous. rheretbre it rvill be eventually dry of information about tea benefits among the again slorvly after the water being poured into society and not-so-well-noticed delightful taste the teapot. The teapot was then placed on the of tea if it's served in certain occasions. Based bowl and poured with hot water until it spilled. on briefstories described above, they are three The spilled water will be hold in the bowl and countries with each different interpretation of the teapot was closed for approximately two tea culture due to many heavily influencing minutes. The brewed tea was poured into the factors by hereditary habit. glass and released into the bowl afterward. The For all the reasons above, the author guest then sniffed the tea respectfully as an became interested in researching tea culture to appreciation to the tea ceremony host. Thereafter the people of Indonesia, China and Japan. the tea can be sipped. These whole steps may be repeated several times with different types B. Problem Identification of tea to compare the aromas from each one of In this research, the problem them. identification is "How is the analysis of tea Japanese tea culture is different from culture interpretation seen from the perspective the Chinese, tea has been known in Japan of intercultural communication ( Descriptive since l2th century. The well-known form of studies in culture of Indonesia. China. and tea is 'omatcha", powdered . The tea japan)?" ceremony itself was introduced in the l6th century by Sen No Rikyu, a historicai figure LITERATURE REVIEW with most profound influence on tradition. Tea ceremony is a well- A. Intercultural Communication preserved tradition until now. The ceremony lntercultural communication is is usually performed for approximately four communication that occurs between people hours. It is started with the arrival of guests, and who have different (could be different then the guests will be escorted to the prepared racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, or a combination lounge in which hot water in a kettle will be of all of these differences). According to poured into a cup for the guests. It is expected Stewart L. Tubbs, intercultural communication that guests give compliment to the host as a is communication between people of different common manner in tea ceremony. After a brief cultures (both in terms of race, ethnicity, or conversation, the host will take the guests socio-economic differences). Culture is a for a walk in a park, as soon as they arrive at way of life that developed and adopted by a the park, the guests rvill wash their hands at grolrp of people and lasted from generation to garden's fbLrntain. The guests take their shoes generation. off and belongings before entering the tea room. Hamid Maulana mentioned intercultural At the tea roont. guests enjoy the decorations cornmunication as a human flow across national and flower arrangements while drinking sake. boLrndaries. For example: the involvement Guests then returned to the park rvhile u,aiting ol an international conf'erence where nations for the host prepares thick tea. Once completed. fiom different countries corne together and the host will sound the gong as a mark that conrmunicate with each other. While Fred E. guests the shoLrld be intmediately return to the Jandt defined intercultural communication tea room. In the tea room the guests will be as a fbce-to-face interaction among people of rvelcomed to thick tea rvith prepared dish. ditferent cultures. According to Guo-Ming Chen and William J. Saftosa, intercultural 2. communication is a process of negotiation or Mixing culture is a guideline of the exchange of symbolic systems that guide human term in English namely acculturation. behavior and restrict them in carrying out its Acculturation is abig change from aculture function as a group. Furthermore, intercultural as a result of the influence of foreign communication is conducted with: culture. According to Koentjaraningrat, 1. With negotiations to involve humans in the acculturation involves the concept the intercultural meeting which discussed of the social processes that arise when a the theme (theme submission through group of people with a particular culture symbols) that are being contested. The are exposed to the elements of foreign symbol itself has no meaning, but it can cultures. Consequently, the elements are mean in the context and meanings were received and processed slowly into their negotiated or fought. own culture without losing the personality 2. Through the exchange of symbolic of the origirral culture. systems which depend on the agreement between the subjects involved in the 3. Assimilation communication, a decision is made to 'Integration' is a sYnonYm for the participate in the process of giving the term of assimilation, which is a process same meaning. ofcultural change in total due to 3. As supervisor of that is integration of t'wo or more cultures so not programmed but beneficial because that the old characteristics of t h e of its influence on our behavior. original culture does not appear anymore. 4. Indicate the functions of a group so that According to Koentj oroningrat, we can differentiate ourselves from other assimilation is a social process that occurs groups and identify it in various ways in a variety of groups with different backgrounds in which afterthey associated B. Concepts of Intercultural with intensive and distinctive nature Communication of cultural elements, each element Humans as social beings have tendency transformed into a mixed culture- of ever-changing nature. So is the dynamic nature of culture that always go through changes even though it's rather slow. The change of RBSEARCH METHODOLOGY culture, either directly or indirectly, will affect the local culture. The important concept is A qualitative approach with descriptive closely related to cultural influences such as nature is proposed for this study. Data was diffusion (the spread), mixing (acculturation), collected through in-depth interviews, assimilation (intermingling) (Sutardi, 2009): observation, and liierature. Data analysis 1. Diffusion was performed on data obtained from the and Diffusion is a Process of sPread field based on interviews, observation, of cultural elements from one group to literature. Involved informants in this study another or from one society to another. are people who like tea, representatives froln In the Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Indonesia include: Informant 1 Bayu Adji Mr. Language ofthe Language Prasad Putro (Yogyakarta), is one of the brewed Center, diffusion is defined as permeation tea enthusiasts. Infotmant 2 Mrs. Elfrida deployment process an element Simaniuntak (Medan), is a 'teh kawat' fan (the of culture from one part-v to another. name 'kawat' means wire, refers to the shape of WA Haviland stated that diffusion is the the processed tea leaves which look like pieces spread of customs or mores of a of wire). The third informant Titi Asmawati tea. culture to other cultures. Diffusion process is a college student who loves aromatic takes place using a technique of imitation. Represent the people of Chinese descent, there Imitating is easier than creating. rvere: Informant 4 Chen Oen Ling (Mrs' Linda) a housewife who loves _iasmine->.-enled tea While Mr. Adji mentioned Informant 5 was Huang \\en Jun t\lr- Sumanto that: "Serving tea with freshly Wijaya) an entrepreneur \\ho likc ginseng boiled water is very delicious tea and . Intbrmant 7 of Japanese because the flavor really comes out citizens, namely: Ms. Tol oshima Kazuko, and the aroma is distinctive. I use one of the directors of PT Epson. Jakarta. The a -scented tea and make technique used for data ralidation was the it sugarless. I only use standard triangulation. equipment in brewing tea without separated container from brewing DATAANALYSIS to serving it. The significant benefit is that my body feels fresh after From interviews conducted by the author drinking the tea, therefore me and to the seven informants in this study showed my family are very familiar with that tea is a natural drink derived from plants drinking tea together since long and said to be safe for consumption. Tea is one time ago, wiihout any form of of the plants that could be made to be a healthy ceremonial tradition." drink. Tea comes from the leaves ofthe tea bud, Mrs. Titi came up with: tea tree usually grows in the cool mountain "Serving tea with little hot water areas. There are various kinds of tea, such as and then mix it with cold water is , green tea, and . Tea can be very enjoyable, especially in hot served as a cold or hot drink. Tea has a lot of weather. I always make tea drink nutrients which are very beneficial for health, from jasmine-scented tea because I such as the content of , antioxidants, think it gives me different nuance theophylline and low carbohydrate or nearly from other kinds of te4 its more zero percent protein. Tea can be served in refreshing and delicious. The various ways according to each person's taste. perceived benefit is I feel healthier Mrs. Elfrida said that: "in because tea is natural drink. I used serving the tea, I used to brew black to drink tea together with my family tea with hot water without any in my house, sometimes with aroma addition because I personally as a complementary food. think it will diminish the genuine But we drink it without any special flavor ofthe tea, I only add sugar. equipment or ceremony." Tea is brewed in different container From the above opinions of tea drinking from the tea glass so that the tea tradition from Indonesian informants, they powder will not be swallowed. The valuated that the tea drinking tradition is perceived benefit from drinking tea mainly conducted to maintain the health is a refreshing feeling for the body because tea contains beneficial nutrients that because it contains antioxidants, the body needs, but the tradition of tea culture I usually drink it in the morning in Indonesia is more interpreted as a drinking and afternoon together with family activity conducted together with family. The with simple set and without any culture of enjoying tea drink in Indonesia is not special tea drinking tradition. as formal or complicated as it is for Chinese From the books I've read that the and Japanese, but it doesn't indicate that our benefits of tea can help the body culture doesn't appreciate tea drinking because to fight free radicals, because of in Indonesian tea culture, the tea drinking is a the high oxygen contents in tea. relationship-bonding activity in leisure time lf our bodies are exposed to free with family. radicals, it will cause cancer, heart Somehow in the palace of Yogyakarta, disease and degenerative nerve the process of serving tea is performed in the diseases, therefore we drink the tea ward of Patehan. Patehan is a special roott't to maintain health naturally." to mix and bren, tea beverage to be served to the king, his family and guests. In the Palace of tea drinking has been going of Yogyakarta Sultanate, tradition of patehan on for the people of China from or royal high tea is preserved until today, and about 4000 years ago, ancient ruler regularly performed every day at 1l AM and 4 named Yan An was in critical i11. He PM. In ancient times, the tradition of drinking had tried anlthing but nothing was tea in the style of the Sultan Palace was succeeded. AccidentallY he drank perfomred by the king while enjoying activity the beverage from tea leaves and it of 'Jemparingan', a Mataraman archery style. recovered his health. Soon the news In Jemparingan, participants wore traditional about tea benefit was sPreading attire and the archery was performed while across China" sitting cross-legged. Tea is increasingly popular in Indonesia, The procession of patehan was performed China, and other countries. Each region in by nine keparak courtiers led by a "bekel". They China has their own favorite tea. For example, jasmine- have duty to serve tea and snacks to guests. Beijing people love tea with aroma like prefer These courtiers consist of six women and four scented tea, while people in Shanghai men, all dressed in traditional Javanese and has green tea and Fujian admire black tea. Popular each own duty. Three persons were in charge tea in Chine are black tea, green tea, of carrying a tray of tea, and three others were tea, flower-scented tea, and compact-packed benefit. carrying a tray of snacks, such as fried bananas ones. Each tea has their own unique and mendoan. Meanwhile, two persons were But a thing for sure, Chinese people believe in charge of pouring the tea then a person in that tea can keep the balance of human body. would charge of carrying an umbrella to protect bekel. As a part of tradition, family gathering is a The bekel was in duty of presenting the drink not be complete without tea. Offering tea to guests. The tradition of drinking tea in sfyle form ofrespect from younger generation to the is of Yogyakarta palace is a jewel that should be elder people. And pouring tea for someone preserved as a valuable heritage of the nation. symbol of apology. I still carry these habits to 1 children, because it is a culture that must be (http : //www.j c gj atv.t v lb erital 23 I 03 I 20 3 I my patehan-tradisi-minum-teh-ala-kraton# sthash. preserved. bvniW0jN.dpuf; According to mY fifth Indonesian people themselves have informant Huang Wen-jun different interpretation of tea drinking culture. (Suwanto WtjaYa) an entrepreneur Some assume that tea drinking tradition is more who likes ginseng tea and black o'To health-oriented while in Yogyakarta palace the tea: my knowledge of Chinese are tea ceremony is performed regularly twice a day tradition of drinking tea, there with Javanese attire, complete with the dish for two containers used, the glass that the guests; it is indeed a national heritage that is used to inhale the aroma of tea, must be preserved. and a bowl that serves tea to drink. There is an old saying in China that says I will do as the Chinese tradition 'firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea of drinking tea when I'm with mY are the seven basic needs to start the day'. Tea colleagues. But on the other side, is the last basic needs because tea is a drink I also do what other PeoPle do in which will be served last after . and it is tea drinking tradition, I use simple considered incomplete to have the lvithout way to brew the tea with sugar, and drinking the tea. drink it together in family leisure The next informant gave time like in the morning or in the meaning to drink tea from the afternoon. Tradition of tea drinking Chinese culture, according to is rarely performed these daYs. Oen Ling Chen (Mrs. Linda) - a Mostly can be seen in a wedding housewife who loves Tong'lii Tea feast as a respectful manner tbr the jasmine-scented tea and black tea, guests. Mrs. Linda said that: "The tradition According to Chinese tradition, tea is one of the basic necessities of their dai11, life. It get educated to know the meaning is considered incomplete ifameal is not finished of each step in tea ceremony since with tea drink, and when a meal is finished there are allowed and forbidden with tea it would be perfect and special. Even things while the ceremony is being drinking tea itself has a philosophical meaning performed." that friendship is like a cup of tea. With a cup of Literatures showed that many people tea in hand while enjoying tea Ieaves and holding across the globe are interested in studying the white porcelain cups, the heart feels tranquil and ceremony, and consequently the Japanese tea peaceful;just like friendship ofwhich values are ceremony is becoming very popular because always comforting and peaceful. Tea drinking it is not merely about drinking tea, but it has tradition in China by sitting together reminds different meaning compared to what it is in us that human is all equal, no man is higher or Indonesia. Indonesian people drink tea as a lower than anyone else, and we were all born recreational activity with family. It has not equal. There are usually discussions in a tea developed any further whereas Indonesia is the drinking celebration, from casual conversations fifth largest tea producer in the world. until the serious one. And at this celebration According to Ms. Toyoshima they also learn how to express themselves and Kazuo: "Tea ceremony is hosted to listen to others. honor the arriving guests. It is not For Chinese people, tea drinking culture merely about drinking tea but every has been a unique culture phenomenon. The performed movement and decorated people define brewing and tasting tea as an art, ornaments are meant to be noticed and they have a motto of "No day without a cup and appreciated. there is special of tea". The tradition of tea drinking is different rvay to learn them all. The glass has from one culture to another, and therefore the to be matched with ongoing season. custom and way of serving tea might be different During the ceremony, everyone from one region to another, with also different must previously washed their hands kinds of tea. Interpretation of tea drinking and mouth, and they also have to ceremony will be perceived differently from take off anything from metal, like each culture. watch or any other accessories In Japanese society, the tradition of bccause they will interact rvith fine drinking tea is one of the sacred ceremonies equipment in the tea ceremony. according to their beliefs. Drinking tea is Of the three countries taken as a believed to be good for maintaining health and representation in this study shows that each fitness for the body, and will prevent of many country will have different cultures. Same kinds of diseases. Initially tea ceremony had as the tea culture, each country has different a purpose for medical problems as described interpretation of it. In Indonesia, tea drinking above, but then it developed into favorite and is generally performed as a leisure with family even became a unique tradition that is still and friends without any special ceremony or practiced until today. equ ipment. Di fferent from Ch inese and Japanese Seventh informant in this people who have unique interpretation in tea study is named: Ms. Toyoshima ceremony. The Chinese called tea drinking Kazuko, she said: "Tea ceremony is Phang Teh. This tea-pouring tradition is rarely a tradition and religious ritual, but found today whereas it can be conducted easily it evolved into a tradition among anytime and anywhere. They prefer simplicity nobles and untilnow it is maintained by serving bottled mineral water to the guests. as a highly respected Japanese Somehor.r,. since there are many Chinese culture. The tea ceremony use and Japanese in Indonesia, there high quality arlistic materia[. The is a change from one culture to another. Like ceremony now can be condLrcted what we often find in Japanese restaurants by anl,one in the societ1,. somehow in lndonesia. Indonesian people started to they have to fbllow the rules and like Ocha. This is one result of the influence of foreign culture which is well received by maintain the health and fitness ofthe body, such Indonesian. This culture arises when a group as to cure various diseases including influenza, of people with a particular culture are exposed stabilize blood pressure (because green tea can to the elements of foreign culture (traditions) lower cholesterol and prevent strokes), keeping that will eventually be accepted and used by the the function of memory nerve system because it public without losing the original personality: contains high antioxidant, beneficial to fatloss, it's acculturation. This acculturation causes and many other benefits - tea drinking is also Indonesian people to interpret more values to considered to be an appreciation to national tea drinking after having a meal, even though it natural resources greatness. happens only when they're in the and The three concepts of intercultural not as sacred as it is in Japan. communication make interpretation of tea Chine and Japanese have a rather culture in Indonesian, Chinese and Japanese intense interpretation of tea drinking culture. society become diverse and varied. But the tea A mixture of tea drinking tradition among tea culture will still be existing iftl-re next generaiioir drinking fans is derived from Chinese because is educated about the significance of drinking it is indeed originated from China. With the tea; not only for medical reasons, but also for mixture of Japanese and Chinese tea drinking a Chinese belief that it is a symbol of wealth, culture, Indonesian now not only interpret tea prosperity, and fortune. While the Japanese drinking as merely for health reason but also to have different interpretation of tea drinking appreciate guests or close persons. In addition culture in which it's a symbol of equality for there are now tea lover community in Indonesia all. Tea drinking tradition has different function is who learn from the tradition of tea pouring and meaning depending on each personal's started from brewing, serving and drinking preference in following national's culture or this tea as the study of the culture of China and the foreign one. It has a social function to be Japan. Chinese people believe that drinking tea a gate-opener for the presence ofChinese and is a symbol of wealth, prosperity, and fortune. Japanese culture. Last but not least, tea drinking Assirnilation is a process of cultural have an entertainment because it's a change in total due to integration of two or perfect moment to share stories with people more cultures so that the old characteristics of about varied tea aroma or flavors and each own the original culture does not appear anymore. unique characteristics. It can be seen in Indonesian family that interpret tea drinking tradition as a relationship CLOSING bonding activity and it will be changing when its assimilated with tea drinking culture of A. SUMMARY Japanese and Chinese. The tradition of tea Based on the above writing about tea drinking is usually simply utilizing simple tools, drinking culture interpretation in Indonesia, but at the moment following the tradition oftea China, and Japan, it can be concluded that tea drinking according to the Chinese or Japanese. drinking has different meaning in each culture, the culture will be changed completely, because such as: it has a very different meaning. The assimilated l. For Indonesian, tea drinking is tea drinking in Indonesia is because of the considered as a family-bonding activity and diffusing culture of Japanese and Chinese in health-oriented. The tea drinking conducted Indonesia, the mushrooming Chirrese and is not complicated, using simple equipment. Japanese restaurants that always serve tea, and Somehow, there is ceremony in the Yogyakarta developing tea community in Indonesia. Palace valued as feast for the King which Indonesian people's love for tea drinking is performed every day in the morning and activity is plausible because Indonesia has afternoon. great natural resources for tea plantation, and 2. To the Chinese. tea drinking the presence of Chinese and Japanese culture tradition is known as tea-pouring, which is is still nascent yet it rvill be good if continually often found on the wedding celebration or other developing in Indonesia. Besides being aimed to feast, with the aim of well-being, wealth and fortune by using porcelain tea sets. and tea used Bibliography is natural tea from China. 3. For the Japanese. culrural Alo Liliweri. Basics of Intercultural tradition of tea drinking is kre-'un as Chado Communication. 2003. Yogyakarta. or Sado, it is considered as a :acred tradition. Pustaka Pelajar. Everyone in the sociery ma) follorv this tradition, but first the,r' have to learn about the Andrik Purwasito. Multicultural tea ceremony since there are and don'ts during Communication. 2003. Surakarta. the ceremony. Tea drinking is also valued as an Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. art; every movement in presenting, brewing, serving, and drinking the tea will indicate each Fred E. Jandt. Intercultural Communication, individual's sense of art. An Introduction. 1998. London" Sage Publication. B. SUGGESTION It is expected that this tea drinking JosephA.Devito.InterpersonalCommunication. culture in Indonesia, China, and Japan will be Kuliah Dasar. Jakarta. Professional preserved and passed on to the next generation Books. because these days new cultures may come and old culture might be diminished. Hence, it is Stewart L. Tubbs dan Sylvia Moss. Human expected for each culture to preserve their own Communication : Contexts of consistency and presence. Communcation. 1996. Bandung. Remaja Rosdakarya.

(http : //www.j o gj atv.t v I b er ita I 23 I 03 I 20 1 3 I patehan-tradi s i -m inum -teh-al a- kraton#sthash.bvniWOjN.dpuf) Pedoman Penulisan

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