Society for Romanian Studies Newsletter
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Continuitate Și Discontinuitate În Reformarea Organizării Teritoriale a Puterii Locale Din Republica Moldova Cornea, Sergiu
www.ssoar.info Continuitate și discontinuitate în reformarea organizării teritoriale a puterii locale din Republica Moldova Cornea, Sergiu Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Sammelwerksbeitrag / collection article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Cornea, S. (2018). Continuitate și discontinuitate în reformarea organizării teritoriale a puterii locale din Republica Moldova. In C. Manolache (Ed.), Reconstituiri Istorice: civilizație, valori, paradigme, personalități: In Honorem academician Valeriu Pasat (pp. 504-546). Chișinău: Biblioteca Științifică "A.Lupan". https://nbn-resolving.org/ urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-65461-2 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC Lizenz (Namensnennung- This document is made available under a CC BY-NC Licence Nicht-kommerziell) zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu (Attribution-NonCommercial). For more Information see: den CC-Lizenzen finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.de MINISTERUL EDUCAȚIEI, CULTURII ȘI CERCETĂRII AL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA MINISTERUL EDUCAȚIEI, CULTURII ȘI CERCETĂRII AL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA INSTITUTUL DE ISTORIE INSTITUTUL DE ISTORIE BIBLIOTECA LUPAN” BIBLIOTECA LUPAN” Biblioteca Științică Biblioteca Științică Secția editorial-poligracă Secția editorial-poligracă Chișinău, 2018 Chișinău, 2018 Lucrarea a fost discutată și recomandată pentru editare la şedinţa Consiliului ştiinţific al Institutului de Istorie, proces-verbal nr. 8 din 20 noiembrie 2018 şi la şedinţa Consiliului ştiinţific al Bibliotecii Științifice (Institut) „Andrei Lupan”, proces-verbal nr. 16 din 6 noiembrie 2018 Editor: dr. hab. în științe politice Constantin Manolache Coordonatori: dr. hab. în istorie Gheorghe Cojocaru, dr. hab. în istorie Nicolae Enciu Responsabili de ediție: dr. în istorie Ion Valer Xenofontov, dr. în istorie Silvia Corlăteanu-Granciuc Redactori: Vlad Pohilă, dr. -
Holocaust/Shoah the Organization of the Jewish Refugees in Italy Holocaust Commemoration in Present-Day Poland
NOW AVAILABLE remembrance a n d s o l i d a r i t y Holocaust/Shoah The Organization of the Jewish Refugees in Italy Holocaust Commemoration in Present-day Poland in 20 th century european history Ways of Survival as Revealed in the Files EUROPEAN REMEMBRANCE of the Ghetto Courts and Police in Lithuania – LECTURES, DISCUSSIONS, remembrance COMMENTARIES, 2012–16 and solidarity in 20 th This publication features the century most significant texts from the european annual European Remembrance history Symposium (2012–16) – one of the main events organized by the European Network Remembrance and Solidarity in Gdańsk, Berlin, Prague, Vienna and Budapest. The 2017 issue symposium entitled ‘Violence in number the 20th-century European history: educating, commemorating, 5 – december documenting’ will take place in Brussels. Lectures presented there will be included in the next Studies issue. 2016 Read Remembrance and Solidarity Studies online: enrs.eu/studies number 5 www.enrs.eu ISSUE NUMBER 5 DECEMBER 2016 REMEMBRANCE AND SOLIDARITY STUDIES IN 20TH CENTURY EUROPEAN HISTORY EDITED BY Dan Michman and Matthias Weber EDITORIAL BOARD ISSUE EDITORS: Prof. Dan Michman Prof. Matthias Weber EDITORS: Dr Florin Abraham, Romania Dr Árpád Hornják, Hungary Dr Pavol Jakubčin, Slovakia Prof. Padraic Kenney, USA Dr Réka Földváryné Kiss, Hungary Dr Ondrej Krajňák, Slovakia Prof. Róbert Letz, Slovakia Prof. Jan Rydel, Poland Prof. Martin Schulze Wessel, Germany EDITORIAL COORDINATOR: Ewelina Pękała REMEMBRANCE AND SOLIDARITY STUDIES IN 20TH CENTURY EUROPEAN HISTORY PUBLISHER: European Network Remembrance and Solidarity ul. Wiejska 17/3, 00–480 Warszawa, Poland www.enrs.eu, [email protected] COPY-EDITING AND PROOFREADING: Caroline Brooke Johnson PROOFREADING: Ramon Shindler TYPESETTING: Marcin Kiedio GRAPHIC DESIGN: Katarzyna Erbel COVER DESIGN: © European Network Remembrance and Solidarity 2016 All rights reserved ISSN: 2084–3518 Circulation: 500 copies Funded by the Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media upon a Decision of the German Bundestag. -
Holocaust in Romania?
Holocaust in Romania? A series of documents and testimonials collected and commented upon by Ion Coja, for the use of parliamentarians and authorities engaged in the elaboration, approval and application of Urgent Order (Ordonanta de Urgenta) no. 31/2002 of the Romanian Government. Kogaion Printing House 2002 “In Romania, the Holocaust did not occur.” Nicolae Minei–Grünberg “In this war, spread across the entire surface of the Earth, Jews cannot be shielded from the suffering and harshness and the misery in which almost all of mankind has been placed. If, from lack of nourishment, and because of living in unsanitary conditions, Jewish lives are lost, this means that the relentless laws of war – which we did not provoke – force the Jews as well to pay their tribute of blood. Romanians who fight on the front lines die by the thousands every day.” Marshall Ion Antonescu “While the world blithely watched the spectacle of the annihilation of European Jews, Romania was willing to welcome Jewish refugees and was prepared to open her harbors for them. (…) Judaism lost 6 million of its members; the world lost its humanity, as well as Christian love for one’s neighbor. In contrast, the Romanian People strove to preserve their faith in humanity. And we, the Jews, are and remain indebted to the Romanian People for this.” Moshe Carmilly Weinberger “It is the biggest mistake and injustice in history to consider Ion Antonescu a fascist, Legionnaire, extremist, a man who led Judaism to extinction in Romania. None of those who lived in Romania, before or during the war, wish to any longer accept the communist theory of a massacre of Jews during the war, particularly the aberrant figures that have been tossed around.” Barbul Bronstein “During his entire life and professional career, and especially during the dark days of the war, George Alexianu did so much for the Jewish Community of Romania, from all his heart and without intrigue. -
Romanian Neo-Protestants in the Interwar Struggle for Religious and National Identity
Pieties of the Nation: Romanian neo-protestants in the interwar struggle for religious and national identity by Iemima Daniela Ploscariu Submitted to Central European University Department of History In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Constantin Iordachi Second Reader: Vlad Naumescu CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2015 “Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author.” CEU eTD Collection i Abstract Neo-protestants (Seventh-Day Adventists, Baptists, Brethren, and Pentecostals) were the fastest growing among the religious minorities in interwar Romania. The American, Hungarian, German, and other European influences on these groups and their increasing success led government officials and the Romanian Orthodox Church to look on them with suspicion and to challenge them with accusations of being socially deviant sects or foreign pawns. Neo- protestants presented themselves as loyal Romanians while still maintaining close relationships with ethnic minorities of the same faith within the country and abroad. The debates on the identity of these groups and the “competition for souls” that occurred in society demonstrate neo- protestants' vision of Romanian national identity challenging the accepted interwar arguments for what it meant to be Romanian. -
Dniester Jews Between
PARALLEL RUPTURES: JEWS OF BESSARABIA AND TRANSNISTRIA BETWEEN ROMANIAN NATIONALISM AND SOVIET COMMUNISM, 1918-1940 BY DMITRY TARTAKOVSKY DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2009 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Mark D. Steinberg, Chair Professor Keith Hitchins Professor Diane P. Koenker Professor Harriet Murav Assistant Professor Eugene Avrutin Abstract ―Parallel Ruptures: Jews of Bessarabia and Transnistria between Romanian Nationalism and Soviet Communism, 1918-1940,‖ explores the political and social debates that took place in Jewish communities in Romanian-held Bessarabia and the Moldovan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during the interwar era. Both had been part of the Russian Pale of Settlement until its dissolution in 1917; they were then divided by the Romanian Army‘s occupation of Bessarabia in 1918 with the establishment of a well-guarded border along the Dniester River between two newly-formed states, Greater Romania and the Soviet Union. At its core, the project focuses in comparative context on the traumatic and multi-faceted confrontation with these two modernizing states: exclusion, discrimination and growing violence in Bessarabia; destruction of religious tradition, agricultural resettlement, and socialist re-education and assimilation in Soviet Transnistria. It examines also the similarities in both states‘ striving to create model subjects usable by the homeland, as well as commonalities within Jewish responses on both sides of the border. Contacts between Jews on either side of the border remained significant after 1918 despite the efforts of both states to curb them, thereby necessitating a transnational view in order to examine Jewish political and social life in borderland regions. -
Centenar Sfatul Țării ______Organizatori: Institutul De Istorie Al Academiei De Științe a Moldovei Institutul De Istorie „A
CONFERINȚA ȘTIINȚIFICĂ INTERNAȚIONALĂ Centenar Sfatul Țării _______________________________________________________ Organizatori: Institutul de Istorie al Academiei de Științe a Moldovei Institutul de Istorie „A. D. Xenopol” – Filiala Iași a Academiei Române Institutul Cultural Român „Mihai Eminescu” la Chișinău Academia de Muzică, Teatru și Arte Plastice din Chișinău Universitatea de Stat din Moldova Universitatea Pedagogică de Stat „Ion Creangă” din Chișinău Universitatea Academiei de Științe din Moldova Centrul de Cultură și Istorie Militară a Ministerului Apărării al Republicii Moldova Colegiul de Onoare al Conferinței: Academician Gheorghe DUCA, președintele Academiei de Științe a Moldovei Academician Ionel Valentin VLAD, președintele Academiei Române Academician Victor SPINEI, vicepreședinte al Academiei Române Academician Ion GUCEAC, vicepreședinte al Academiei de Științe a Moldovei Academician Dan BERINDEI, Academia Română Academician Andrei EȘANU, Academia de Științe a Moldovei Academician Ioan Aurel POP, rectorul Universității „Babeș-Bolyai” din Cluj-Napoca Academician Mihai CIMPOI, Academia de Științe a Moldovei Academician Alexandru ZUB, Academia Română Prof. univ. dr. hab. Alexandru MOȘANU, membru de onoare al Academiei Române Comitetul de organizare a Conferinței: Valeriu MATEI, directorul Institutului Cultural Român „Mihai Eminescu” la Chișinău, membru de Onoare al Academiei Române Prof. univ. dr. Gheorghe CLIVETI, directorul Institutului de Istorie „A. D. Xenopol” – Filiala Iași a Academiei Române Conf. unv. dr. hab. Gheorghe COJOCARU, directorul Institutului de Istorie al Academiei de Științe a Moldovei Prof. univ. dr. Nicolae CHICUȘ, rectorul Universității Pedagogice de Stat „Ion Creangă” din Chișinău Prof. univ. dr. Ioan BOLOVAN, prorector al Universității „Babeș-Bolyai” din Cluj-Napoca Prof. univ. dr. Gheorghe IACOB, prorector al Universității „Al. I. Cuza” din Iași Conf. univ. dr. Victoria MELNIC, rectorul Academiei de Muzică, Teatru și Arte Plastice din Chișinău Conf. -
DIN IAŞI (SERIE NOUĂ) Volum Editat De Petronel Zahariuc, Adrian-Bogdan Ceobanu, Adrian Viţalaru
• ANALELE ŞTIINŢIFICE ALE UNIVERSITĂŢII „ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA” DIN IAŞI (SERIE NOUĂ) Volum editat de Petronel Zahariuc, Adrian-Bogdan Ceobanu, Adrian Viţalaru ISSN 1221-843X Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” din Iaşi Facultatea de Istorie Printed in Romania • ANALELE ŞTIINŢIFICE ALE UNIVERSITĂŢII „ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA” DIN IAŞI (SERIE NOUĂ) ISTORIE TOM LXIV / 2018 NUMĂR SPECIAL / SPECIAL ISSUE Marea Unire a românilor (1918) – Istorie şi actualitate The Great Union of the Romanians (1918) – History and Actuality Editura Universităţii „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” din Iaşi COLEGIUL DE REDACŢIE: Octavian Bounegru (Iaşi), Nelu Zugravu (Iaşi), Neculai Bolohan (Iaşi), Alexandru-Florin Platon (Iaşi), Ştefan-Sorin Gorovei (Iaşi), Maria Magdalena Székely (Iaşi), Cristian Ploscaru (Iaşi), Claudiu Topor (Iaşi), Gabriel Leanca (Iaşi), Gheorghe Iacob (Iaşi), Lucian Leuştean (Iaşi), Ovidiu Buruiană (Iaşi), Victor Spinei, membru al Academiei Române (Iaşi), Ioan Aurel Pop, preşedintele Academiei Române (Cluj-Napoca), Ovidiu Cristea (Bucureşti), Antal Lukács (Bucureşti), Ion Eremia (Chişinău), Ion Varta (Chişinău), Keith Hitchins (Urbana-Champaign), Dennis Deletant (Londra), Carol Iancu (Montpellier), Hans-Christian Maner (Mainz). COMITETUL DE REDACŢIE: Petronel Zahariuc (director), Laurenţiu Rădvan (redactor şef), Lucreţiu Mihailescu-Bîrliba, Adrian Viţalaru (secretar de redacţie), Mihai-Bogdan Atanasiu (secretar adjunct de redacţie). Responsabilitatea pentru opiniile exprimate în textele publicate revine în exclusivitate autorilor. Manuscrisele, cărţile şi revistele propuse pentru schimb, ca şi orice corespondenţă se vor trimite redacţiei: Petronel Zahariuc Facultatea de Istorie Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” din Iaşi B-dul Carol I 11, 700506, Iaşi, România Tel.: 40-(0)232-20.12.74 e-mail: [email protected] CUPRINS Cuvânt înainte .............................................................................................................. 13 Alexandru Zub, Unitatea naţională: de la idee la act ................................................... 15 Paul E. -
DEPORTĂRILE DIN REPUBLICA SOVIETICĂ SOCIALISTĂ MOLDOVENEASCĂ Bibliografie
MINISTERUL EDUCAȚIEI, CULTURII ȘI CERCETĂRII AL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA BIBLIOTECA ȘTIINȚIFICĂ (INSTITUT) ,,ANDREI LUPAN” DEPORTĂRILE DIN REPUBLICA SOVIETICĂ SOCIALISTĂ MOLDOVENEASCĂ Bibliografie Biblioteca Științifică (Institut) Secția editorial-poligrafică Chișinău, 2018 Lucrarea este publicată în cadrul programului de stat „Recuperarea și valorificarea istorică a memoriei victimelor regimului totalitar-comunist din RSS Moldovenească în perioada anilor 1940-1941, 1944-1953” (director: prof. univ., dr. hab. Anatol PETRENCU) Recomandată pentru editare la ședinţa Consiliului știinţific al Bibliotecii Științifice (Institut) „Andrei Lupan”, proces-verbal nr. 14 din 2 octombrie 2018 Bibliografie: Janna Nikolaeva, Lidia Zasavițchi Editor și redactor științific: dr. hab., conf. univ. Constantin Manolache Coordonator: dr. Ion Valer Xenofontov Responsabil de ediție: dr. Lidia Prisac Corectori: Elena Pistrui, Vitalie Țurcanu Paginare computerizată: Mariana Rusu Redactare tehnică: Valeriu Oprea Coperta: Vitaliu Pogolșa DESCRIEREA CIP A CAMEREI NAŢIONALE A CĂRŢII Deportările din Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească : Bibliografie / Bibl. Şt. (Inst.) „Andrei Lupan” ; bibliogr.: Janna Nikolaeva, Lidia Zasaviţchi ; ed., red. şt.: Constantin Manolache ; coord.: Ion Valer Xenofontov ; resp. de ed.: Lidia Prisac. – Chişinău : Biblioteca Ştiinţifică (Institut) „Andrei Lupan”, 2018 (F.E.-P. „Tipografia Centrală”). – 168 p. 50 ex. ISBN 978-9975-3283-2-6. 016:94(478) D 32 © Biblioteca Științifică (Institut) ,,Andrei Lupan”, 2018 SUMAR O perspectivă bibliografică asupra deportărilor din RSS Moldovenească (Constantin MANOLACHE, Ion Valer XENOFONTOV) . 4 Documente oficiale . 6 Monografii . 8 Articole din reviste și volume tematice . 37 Publicații în presă . 83 Surse documentare din arhive . 126 Mărturii audio, video . 136 Indice de nume . 150 – 3 – O PERSPECTIVĂ BIBLIOGRAFICĂ ASUPRA DEPORTĂRILOR DIN RSS MOLDOVENEASCĂ Prin elaborarea bibliografiei de față se urmărește o acțiune cu triplă semnificație: una științifică, una educațională și alta socioemoțională. -
Moldavistica (Exteriorica) 2019
ISSN 1857-1522 BIBLIOTECA NAŢIONALĂ A REPUBLICII MOLDOVA BIBLIOGRAFIA NAŢIONALĂ A MOLDOVEI MOLDAVISTICA (EXTERIORICA) 2019 Chişinău • 2020 CZU 015(478) Director general: Elena Pintilei Alcătuitor: Larisa Bulat Redactor bibliografi c: Elena Balinschi Coperta: Vladimir Kravcenko Bibliografi a Naţională a Moldovei. Moldavistica (Exteriorica) 2019 / Biblioteca Naţională a Republicii Moldova ; dir. gen. : Elena Pintilei ; alcăt. : Larisa Bulat ; red. bibliogr. : Elena Balinschi. – Chi- şinău : Biblioteca Naţională a Republicii Moldova, 2020 (Centrul editorial-poligrafi c). –120 p. ; 20 cm : F. preț, 10 ex. © Biblioteca Naţională a Republicii Moldova, 2020 Moldavistica (Exteriorica) 2019 ARGUMENT Bibliografi a Moldavistica (Exteriorica) este una dintre seriile anu- ale ale Bibliografi ei Naţionale a Moldovei. Lucrarea cuprinde descrierile bibliografi ce ale publicaţiilor sem- nate de autori din Republica Moldova şi editate peste hotare, precum şi descrierile bibliografi ce ale publicaţiilor apărute în străinătate, ce vizează viaţa ştiinţifi că, social-politică, economică, culturală şi alte domenii de activitate din Republica Moldova. Bibliografi a Moldavistica (Exteriorica) conţine nu numai descrieri ale publicaţiilor din colecţiile Bibliotecii Naţionale, ci şi din colecţiile altor centre bibliografi ce din republică, precum şi informaţii despre apariţia lor în bibliografi i şi diferite surse de informare mass-media. Descrierea bibliografi că s-a efectuat în conformitate cu standardele naţionale în vigoare. Materialele sunt grupate conform diviziunilor CZU, iar în cadrul lor – în ordine alfabetică. Publicaţiile din anii precedenţi, intrate recent în colecţiile Bibliote- cii Naţionale, sunt însoţite de un asterisc (*). Materialele din alte centre biblioteconomice din republică sau cele depistate numai din bibliografi i sunt marcate cu două asteriscuri (**). Bibliografi a conţine următorii indici auxiliari: • indice alfabetic al numelor de persoane; • indice alfabetic de surse; • indice toponimic al publicaţiilor. -
So That's How Life Abroad Made Me
“SO THAT’S HOW LIFE ABROAD MADE ME LOOK AT THINGS DIFFERENTLY” TRANSYLVANIAN VILLAGERS AND THE DOMESTICATION OF EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT By Bridget Kelly Submitted to Central European University Department of Nationalism Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor Michael Miller Budapest, Hungary CEU eTD Collection 2020 Abstract Since 1989, scholars and politicians have touted so-called East-West migration as a means of “Europeanizing” the former socialist states on the assumption that migrants will become accustomed to “Western” and “liberal” social, political, and economic cultures and transmit that knowledge back to “develop” their native communities. Through multi-sited ethnography following the transnational networks between Bistrița-Năsăud county, Romania, southern Spain, and Vienna, Austria, I test this assumption by investigating how circular and return migrants from rural Transylvania judge the “development” of their communities after three decades of “transition” and migration. I argue that the things they bring back (their “social and economic remittances”; Levitt 1998) paint a mixed picture of “European integration,” as villagers embrace both positive and negative ideas from the “West” while also rejecting or reinterpreting others. Applying Garapich and Grabowska’s (2016) processual typology of remittances (“imitation, resistance, and innovation”), I show how acts of imitating the West (ranging from the adoption of “modern” infrastructure to embracing norms about entrepreneurship, professionalism, and racial hierarchies) are countered by attempts to resist Western values in favor of “traditional Romanian” (or rural, religious, and peasant) lifestyles. I argue that villagers recast this backward-looking romanticization of pre-socialist history into forward-oriented strategies of getting by and finding pride in their peripheralized region by vernacularizing Western concepts to transform ancestral practices (like peasant farming) into modern amenities (like organic agriculture). -
The Making of Ethnicity in Southern Bessarabia: Tracing the Histories Of
The Making of Ethnicity in Southern Bessarabia: Tracing the histories of an ambiguous concept in a contested land Dissertation Zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) vorgelegt der Philosophischen Fakultät I Sozialwissenschaften und historische Kulturwissenschaften der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, von Herrn Simon Schlegel geb. am 23. April 1983 in Rorschach (Schweiz) Datum der Verteidigung 26. Mai 2016 Gutachter: PD Dr. phil. habil. Dittmar Schorkowitz, Dr. Deema Kaneff, Prof. Dr. Gabriela Lehmann-Carli Contents Deutsche Zusammenfassung ...................................................................................................................................... iii 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Questions and hypotheses ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. History and anthropology, some methodological implications ................................................. 6 1.3. Locating the field site and choosing a name for it ........................................................................ 11 1.4. A brief historical outline .......................................................................................................................... 17 1.5. Ethnicity, natsional’nost’, and nationality: definitions and translations ............................ -
The HCNM in Ukraine: Conflict Prevention in a Divided Society
In: IFSH (ed.), OSCE Yearbook 2012, Baden-Baden 2013, pp. 297-309. Klemens Büscher The HCNM in Ukraine: Conflict Prevention in a Divided Society Ukraine’s post-Soviet transformation, which has taken place in a difficult foreign-policy environment and despite complex ethnopolitical divisions and tensions, has so far not been marred by violent conflict. This achievement of the country and its people is deserving of great respect. The OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities (HCNM) has been active in Ukraine since 1994. His ongoing work has sought to support the largely peaceful management of ethnopolitical problems and conflicts and to help in avoiding the escalation of existing tensions. On the whole, the political leadership in Ukraine, both central and re- gional, has tended to co-operate constructively with the HCNM while re- specting the autonomy of this OSCE institution, even if there have been rad- ically different points of view on numerous specific issues. The High Com- missioner’s written recommendations – the heart of his political work – have been taken note of by Kyiv, and have occasionally triggered wide-ranging political discussions. As is only to be expected, Ukrainian politicians and diplomats have at times attempted to instrumentalize the HCNM for their own foreign or domestic political goals and to interpret his recommendations in a partial or distorted way. Furthermore, there is occasionally a sense in Ukraine that the HCNM’s engagement, and the presence of the OSCE in general, carry a stigma. This has, however, not restricted the High Commis- sioner’s freedom action. While the HCNM has been continually active, Ukraine is a remarkable and rare case of a country where two conflict issues have been largely re- solved over time to the extent that the High Commissioner could end his en- gagement with them.