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Asosiasi Tumbuhan Epifit Dengan Tumbuhan Inang Di Kawasan Wisata Air Terjun Kuta Malaka Kabupaten Aceh Besar Sebagai Referensi Mata Kuliah Ekologi Tumbuhan

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Asosiasi Tumbuhan Epifit Dengan Tumbuhan Inang Di Kawasan Wisata Air Terjun Kuta Malaka Kabupaten Aceh Besar Sebagai Referensi Mata Kuliah Ekologi Tumbuhan ASOSIASI TUMBUHAN EPIFIT DENGAN TUMBUHAN INANG DI KAWASAN WISATA AIR TERJUN KUTA MALAKA KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR SEBAGAI REFERENSI MATA KULIAH EKOLOGI TUMBUHAN SKRIPSI Diajukan Oleh: NADIA TUZZAHARA NIM. 150207012 Mahasiswa Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan Prodi Pendidikan Biologi FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI AR-RANIRY DARUSSALAM – BANDA ACEH 2020 ABSTRAK Asosiasi merupakan hubungan ketertarikan antar tumbuhan untuk hidup bersama seperti tumbuhan epifit dengan tumbuhan inangnya. Tumbuhan epifit adalah tumbuhan yang hidupnya menempel atau menumpang pada tumuhan lain tetapi tidak menghisap makanan dari tumbuhan yang ditumpanginya (tumbuhan inang). Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui jenis tumbuhan epifit, untuk mengetahui faktor dan interaksi tumbuhan epifit dengan tumbuhan inang, untuk mengetahui asosiasi tumbuhan epifit dengan tumbuhan inang dijadikan sebagai referensi pada mata kuliah ekologi tumbuhan dan untuk mengetahui tingkat kelayakan yang dijadikan sebagai referensi mata kuliah ekologi tumbuhan dalam bentuk buku ajar. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan metode line transek dan metode kuadrat. Sementara pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan dikawasan Wisata Air Terjun Kuta Malaka Kabupaten Aceh Besar pada Januari 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan asosiasi tumbuhan epifit dengan tumbuhan inang terdapat hubungan keterkarikan (asosiasi), tipe asosiasi tumbuhan epifit dengan tumbuhan inangnya yaitu positif, indeks asosiasi tumbuhan epifit dengan tumbuhan inang didapatkan kategori rendah dan sangat rendah. Hasil uji kelayakan dari buku ajar diperoleh skor total 70 %, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa buku ajar layak direkomendasikan. Kata kunci: Asosiai, Epifit, Inang, Ekologi Tumbuhan, Kuta Malaka. v KATA PENGANTAR Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh. Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘Alaamiin. Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan ke hadirat Allah SWT, karena atas berkah dan limpahan rahmat serta hidayah-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Asosiasi Tumbuhan Epifit dengan Tumbuhan Inang di Kawasan Wisata Air Terjun Kuta Malaka Kabupaten Aceh Besar Sebagai Referensi Mata Kuliah Ekologi Tumbuhan” sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana dari program Pendidikan Biologi Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan. Shalawat dan salam tak lupa pula disanjungkan kepada kekasih Allah yaitu Nabi Besar Muhammad SAW, semoga rahmat dan hidayah Allah juga diberikan kepada sanak saudara dan para sahabat serta seluruh muslimin sekalian. Proses penyusunan skripsi ini tidak terlepas dari berbagai kesulitan, dan hambatan mulai dari pengumpulan literatur, pengerjaan di lapangan, pengambilan sampel sampai pada pengolahan data maupun proses penulisan. Oleh karena itu, dalam kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebanyak- banyaknya kepada : 1. Ibu Nurlia Zahara, S.Pd.I, M.Pd, selaku Penasehat Akademik dan Pembimbing II yang telah banyak membantu penulis dalam segala hal baik memberi nasehat, bimbingan saran bagi penulis dan Bapak Muslich Hidayat, M. Si. selaku pembimbing I yang tidak henti-hentinya memberikan bantuan, vi ide, nasehat, bimbingan, dan saran, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 2. Bapak Dr. Muslim Razali, S.H, M.Ag selaku Dekan Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh. 3. Bapak Samsul Kamal, S.Pd., M.Pd selaku Ketua Prodi Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh. 4. Terima kasih kepada Bapak Keuchik dan Masyarakat Gampong Kuta Malaka Kabupaten Aceh Besar yang telah memberi izin untuk melakukan penelitian. 5. Terima kasih kepada sahabat-sahabat tersayang; Riski Nanda, Musfiati, Risa Yani, Hanum Kausari, Nurul Huda serta seluruh teman-teman Unit 01 PBL 2015 yang selama ini selalu ada dan senantiasa memberikan semangat dan motivasi kepada penulis. Teristimewa sekali terima kasih juga penulis ucapkan kepada kedua orang tua tercinta, dengan segala pengorbanan dan kasih sayang serta doa dan semangat yang tiada henti diberikan sepanjang hidup. Semoga segala kebaikan dibalas oleh Allah dengan kebaikan yang berlipat ganda. Penulis mengucapkan permohonan maaf atas segala kesalahan dan kekhilafan. Penulis juga mengharapkan saran dan komentar yang dapat dijadikan masukan dalam penyempurnaan skripsi ini. Banda Aceh, Juli 2020 Nadia Tuzzahara vii DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN SAMPUL JUDUL .................................................................... i PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING .................................................................. ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SIDANG ........................................................... iii PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA ILMIAH ........................................ iv ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... v KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... iv DAFTAR ISI ………...................................................................................... viii DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... x DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. xii BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah ....................................................................... 1 B. Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................ 8 C. Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................. 8 D. Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................ 9 E. Definisi Oprasional .............................................................................. 9 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA A. Asosiasi ................................................................................................ 13 B. Cara Mengukur Asosiasi ...................................................................... 14 C. Interaksi Intraspesies dan Interspesies ................................................ 15 D. Tumbuhan Epifit .................................................................................. 17 E. Habitat Epifit ........................................................................................ 23 F. Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tumbuhan Epifit .................................... 27 G. Peranan Epifit ....................................................................................... 30 H. Kawasan Air Terjun Kuta Malaka........................................................ 30 I. Referensi ............................................................................................... 31 J. Buku Ajar ............................................................................................. 35 K. Ekologi Tumbuhan ............................................................................... 44 L. Pemanfaatan Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Epifit sebagai Referensi Mata Kuliah Ekologi Tumbuhan dalam Modul Pembelajaran .......... 45 M. Uji Kelayakan ....................................................................................... 46 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN A. Rancangan Penelitian ........................................................................... 48 B. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian .............................................................. 48 C. Alat dan Bahan ..................................................................................... 49 viii D. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ........................................................... 50 E. Prosedur penelitian ............................................................................... 50 F. Parameter Penelitian ............................................................................. 52 G. Instrumen Pengumpulan Data .............................................................. 53 H. Asosiasi Tumbuhan .............................................................................. 53 I. Uji Kelayakam ...................................................................................... 55 BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Hasil Penelitian .................................................................................... 57 1. Jenis-Jenis Tumbuhan Epifit yang Terdapat di Kawasan Wisata Air Terjun KutaMalaka ................................................................. 57 2. Deskripsi dan Klasifikasi Jenis-Jenis Tumbuhan Epifit di Kawasan WisataAir Terjun Kuta Malaka ..................................... 63 3. Deskripsi dan Klasifikasi Jenis Pohon yang Menjadi Tumbuhan Inang dan Paling Mendominasi pada Seluruh Stasiun di Kawasan Wisata Air Terjun Kuta Malaka .................................... 78 4. Asosiasi Interspesies ..................................................................... 87 5. Pemanfaatan Hasil Penelitian Asosiasi Tumbuhan Epifit dengan Tumbuhan Inang di Kawasan Wisata Air Terjun Kuta Malaka sebagai Referensi Mata Kuliah Ekologi Tumbuhan...................... 89 6. Kelayakan Buku Ajar yang di jadikan Sebagai Referensi Mata Kuliah Ekologi Tumbuhan dari Hasil Penelitian Asosiasi Tumbuhan Epifit dengan Tumbuhan Inang di Kawasan Wisata Air Terjun Kuta Malaka .................................................... 91 B. Pembahasan .......................................................................................... 93 1. Jenis-Jenis Tumbuhan Epifit yang Terdapat di Kawasan Wisata
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