By Michael P. 2 Cover by: Hannah D., Nicholas L. and Sydney P. By Jonah A. 3 Industrial Revolution Art and Music The Industrial Revolution was After 1820, music was the machines taking the place of hand recognized more because tools. That‟s when things went wrong. artists began to create music The machines couldn‟t run because and art some of the writers they had no power, so people wanted to were Ralph Emerson who was build machines that are steam- the leading transcendent. powered. One of those was known as Henry Thoreau was the writer the Spinning Jenny which was like the of Walden‟s Pond; Herman Cotton Gin made by Eli Whitney. Then, Melville was the writer of all was changed in 1790. Richard Ark- Moby Dick. wright made a textile plant. In the dry There is more to come. seasons, the machines didn‟t run be- Nathan Hawthore wrote The cause of all the dryness. Arkwright had Scarlet Letter; Louisa Alcott an accomplice Samuel Slater who wrote Little Women; Henry made Industrialization happen in the Longfellow wrote The Song of U.S. Then the Industrial Revolution Hiawatha; Walt Whitman took hold when Francis Cabot Lowell wrote Leaves of Grass; and came back from his trip to England. He John Whittier wrote poems to made improved versions of English ma- end slaves. He was accompa- chines. Also, there were developments. nied by Francis Harper who One was mass production. In the also wrote those poems. Now 1800‟s, Eli Whitney stepped out of hid- it is time to talk about paint- ing and made the Cotton Gin. In that ers that are famous. George time period they had Child labors who Bingham, Thomas Cole, and were seven and eight years old. This George Catlin painted land- revolution made cities in the U.S. dou- scapes. bled in size ten years at a time. Then, Famous songs and writ- the urban problems came up. Some of ers were “Yankee Doodle”, them were sewage problems, spreading English, Irish, Scottish tunes, diseases, and fires. People made inven- American songs, Spirituals, tions like the telegraph by Samuel F.B. “Camp town Races,” and Morse. The Mechanical Reaper, used for cutting stalks of wheat, was built by Cy- “Old Folks at Home.” The rus McCormick. He also made the most famous songwriter then Thresher which separated the corn was Stephen Foster. He wrote from the stalks. The light weight, steel the last two songs on the song plow was intended to make soil list. smoother. John Deere, made this. Fi- By Jonah A. 4 Mike Honcho’s Hospital nally, the Sewing Machine was made by Elias Howe. Say hello to General Winfield Scott Dr. Wattz. This is the best hospi- The great General Winfield Scott‟s death was a horrible thing, tal in the world. and it is hard to talk about. The tragic day was on May 29, 1966 in You are going West Point, New York. The cause of is unknown. to love it so He was born on June 13,1786, in Petersburg, Virginia. The lucky much you will woman to marry the general was Lucy Baker. Their son was John Baker Scott. The second woman want to get hurt that he was married to was Maria De Hart Mayo. He had six glorious on purpose. children. They are Maria Scott, John Scott, Virginia Scott, Edward Scott, Cornelia Scott, and Adeline Scott. His parents were William Scott and Ann Mason. By Emily D.J. 5 He helped create mills, Lowell Mills and Girls towns, and better lives for oth- ers. Who knows where we would Francis Cabot Lowell creat- be today, if not for him. ed the most up-to-date textile mills of his time. The mills start- Mexican Settlements ed in England. In England, one mill created and spun the thread. In another mill, the Many Mexican settlements thread was woven. Lowell saw were made up of peninsulares, this. When he returned to the or Spanish settlers. Their chil- United States; he and an associ- dren, if born in America, were ate created the Lowell Mill. It called Creoles. A peninsulare was more efficient because it and Native American child was combined spinning and weav- a Mestizo. All of these types of ing thread in one mill. He and people came together to create several partners created the first a distinct Southwest culture. factory in Waltham. Many Spanish missionaries Mr. Lowell died in 1817, tried to convert the Native but his partners kept the facto- Americans that lived in the set- ries going. All of them, includ- tlements into Catholics. Most of ing Lowell, had hoped for a bet- the Native Americans were ter life for their workers. His forced to live and work in these partners fulfilled that hope. They missions. The majority of them created towns with boarding died from being overworked houses, hospitals, and libraries. and diseases. The first town of this kind was The cultures of the Spanish named Lowell, after the late and the Indians started to Francis Cabot Lowell. Many of blend together. The Spanish the workers and inhabitants of gave the Indians their lan- this town were farm girls. After guage, religion, and use of law. work, they would go to lectures The Indians, in return, gave and libraries to study. In this the Spanish their food, clothing, way, they got a much better edu- and use of adobe. cation than they would have In 1821, Mexico gained had if they had stayed on their independence from Spain. Be- farms. fore, only peninsulares were al- Francis Cabot Lowell was lowed to own land, but the Mex- loved and admired. Charles ican government allowed ran- Dickens himself respected him. cheros to own land as well. By Emily D.J. 6 The government also removed On March 5, 1849, she died the missionaries and gave the of a fever at South Hadley. She is land to the peninsulares and buried at the Holyoke College in rancheros. South Hadley. This angered the Native Americans, because they owned A S Y O E T L Y A O L L I the land first. They started raid- C F P U S V B Y L Z W A G ing the peninsulares and ran- Z P R A P B R C O K X N M cheros for their land. This result- L T E T I A J K L N R D J L R S E M N H A X B V N S ed in a decrease of the Native E A L W G I N D I A N S L American population. W S L B I D Y V K D E C R O Q I Q E G E L L O C S I Mary Lyon L O M D F I Y C F S W L G Key: She was born on February LYON; INDIANS; MILLS; 28, 1797, in Buckland Massachu- SPAIN; GIRLS; MARY; LOWELL; setts. Her parents were Aaron COLLEGE; LAND and Jemima Lyon. She had six siblings. One of her tragedies of life started very early. Her father S died when she was five years old. H D Her accomplishments in- clude starting the first women‟s H M college, and getting her own M stamp. The college was started in W 1873. It was called Mount Ho- E G D lyoke Female Seminary in Massa- chusetts. A T Y O M Key: CREOLE; MESTIZO; SETTLE- MENT; WATHAM; FACTORY; THREAD; MILL; ENGLAND; STAMP; HADLEY By Hannah D. 7 mills. In Samuel Slater‟s The Revolution Takes mills, he worked children. As Hold kids started working, the con- ditions got harsher. In the 1800‟s most of the kids were working on farms, but this In the early years of our was much different than country, people liked to exper- working in a factory. Many iment with things. This led to mass production. Mass pro- children were employed as duction was helping our young as seven years old, but country excel. It was very im- they weren‟t paid until the portant. By the 1800‟s, crafts- age of ten. The children men had started making working here had no oppor- clocks, guns, and things of tunities for education and that sort. At this point if learning. By 1880, over one something were to break, you‟d have to get the broken million children between the part fixed or just get a whole ages of ten though fifteen new object. This was because were being paid for work. The everything was made unique. places these people worked Eli Whitney, however, thought were appalling. They were of a new way to do things. He very poorly lit, so you could came up with the idea of in- terchangeable parts. This way hardly see while you were you could just go to the store working. They got little fresh and buy the part you need. air, and the owners told Soon after, this was being workers that the machines used in the production of were made to do a task, not products. This made every- to keep a worker safe. As a re- thing more convenient and sult, many were hurt and much cheaper. In the Lowell Mills peo- didn‟t get any help. They ple had been treated much worked twelve to fourteen better. The treatment wasn‟t hours a day. Shorter days so harsh anymore. There was were proposed. They said a difference between some eight hours for sleep, eight By Hannah D.