The Tonga Chronicle, and Has Even Ate
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New Zealand Aid and the Development of Class in Tonga : An
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. NEW ZEALAND AID AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLASS IN TONGA: AN ANALYSIS OF THE BANANA REHABILITATION SCHEME A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS BY ANDREW P NEEDS DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY MASSEY UNIVERSITY FEBRUARY 1988 ii ABSTRACT This thesis examines the bilateral aid relationship between New Zealand and Tonga. Its central purpose is to examine the impact aid is having in transforming Tongan society. This involves a critique of both development theory and of New Zealand government aid principles. The understanding of development and the application of aid by the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs remains greatly influenced by the modernisation school of thought, which essentially blames certain supposed attributes of Third World peoples for their lack of development. Dependency theorists challenged this view, claiming that Third World poverty was a direct result of First World exploitation through the unequal exchange of commodities. This has had some influence on the use of aid as a developmental tool, but has failed to supercede modernisation theory as the dominant ideology. The theory of articulation of modes of production transcends the problems of both modernisation and dependency schools. Its main thrust is that the capitalist (First World) mode of production does not immediately dominate the non-capitalist (Third World) mode but rather interacts with it. -
The Place of Alcohol in the Lives of People from Tokelau, Fiji, Niue
The place of alcohol in the lives of people from Tokelau, Fiji, Niue, Tonga, Cook Islands and Samoa living in New Zealand: an overview The place of alcohol in the lives of people from Tokelau, Fiji, Niue, Tonga, Cook Islands and Samoa living in New Zealand: an overview A report prepared by Sector Analysis, Ministry of Health for the Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand ALAC Research Monograph Series: No 2 Wellington 1997 ISSN 1174-1856 ISBN 0-477-06317-9 Acknowledgments This particular chapter which is an overview of the reports from each of the six Pacific communities would not have been possible without all the field teams and participants who took part in the project. I would like to thank Ezra Jennings-Pedro, Terrisa Taupe, Tufaina Taupe Sofaia Kamakorewa, Maikali (Mike) Kilioni, Fane Malani, Tina McNicholas, Mere Samusamuvodre, Litimai Rasiga, Tevita Rasiga, Apisa Tuiqere, Ruve Tuivoavoa, Doreen Arapai, Dahlia Naepi, Slaven Naepi, Vili Nosa, Yvette Guttenbeil, Sione Liava’a, Wailangilala Tufui , Susana Tu’inukuafe, Anne Allan-Moetaua, Helen Kapi, Terongo Tekii, Tunumafono Ken Ah Kuoi, Tali Beaton, Myra McFarland, Carmel Peteru, Damas Potoi and their communities who supported them. Many people who have not been named offered comment and shared stories with us through informal discussion. Our families and friends were drawn in and though they did not formally participate they too gave their opinions and helped to shape the information gathered. Special thanks to all the participants and Jean Mitaera, Granby Siakimotu, Kili Jefferson, Dr Ian Prior, Henry Tuia, Lita Foliaki and Tupuola Malifa who reviewed the reports and asked pertinent questions. -
Tokelau the Last Colony?
Tokelau The last colony? TONY ANGELO (Taupulega) is, and long has been, the governing body. The chairman (Faipule) of the council and a village head ITUATED WELL NORTH OF NEW ZEALAND and (Pulenuku) are elected by universal suffrage in the village SWestern Samoa and close to the equator, the small every three years. The three councils send representatives atolls of Tokelau, with their combined population of about to form the General Fono which is the Tokelau national 1600 people, may well be the last colony of New Zealand. authority; it originally met only once or twice a year and Whether, when and in what way that colonial status of advised the New Zealand Government of Tokelau's Tokelau will end, is a mat- wishes. ter of considerable specula- The General Fono fre- lion. quently repeated advice, r - Kirlb•ll ·::- (Gifb•rr I•) The recently passed lbn•b'a ' ......... both to the New Zealand (Oc: ..n I} Tokelau Amendment Act . :_.. PMtnb 11 Government and to the UN 1996- it received the royal Committee on Decoloni • •• roltfl•u assent on 10 June 1996, and 0/tlh.g• sation, that Tokelau did not 1- •, Aotum•- Uu.t (Sw•ln•J · came into force on 1 August 1 f .. • Tllloplol ~~~~~ !•J.. ·-~~~oa wish to change its status ~ ~ 1996 - is but one piece in ' \, vis-a-vis New Zealand. the colourful mosaic of •l . However, in an unexpected Tokelau's constitutional de change of position (stimu- velopment. lated no doubt by external The colonialism that factors such as the UN pro Tokelau has known has posal to complete its been the British version, and decolonisation business by it has lasted so far for little the year 2000), the Ulu of over a century. -
Table 1 Comprehensive International Points List
Table 1 Comprehensive International Points List FCC ITU-T Country Region Dialing FIPS Comments, including other 1 Code Plan Code names commonly used Abu Dhabi 5 971 TC include with United Arab Emirates Aden 5 967 YE include with Yemen Admiralty Islands 7 675 PP include with Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Arch'p'go.) Afars and Assas 1 253 DJ Report as 'Djibouti' Afghanistan 2 93 AF Ajman 5 971 TC include with United Arab Emirates Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area 9 44 AX include with United Kingdom Al Fujayrah 5 971 TC include with United Arab Emirates Aland 9 358 FI Report as 'Finland' Albania 4 355 AL Alderney 9 44 GK Guernsey (Channel Islands) Algeria 1 213 AG Almahrah 5 967 YE include with Yemen Andaman Islands 2 91 IN include with India Andorra 9 376 AN Anegada Islands 3 1 VI include with Virgin Islands, British Angola 1 244 AO Anguilla 3 1 AV Dependent territory of United Kingdom Antarctica 10 672 AY Includes Scott & Casey U.S. bases Antigua 3 1 AC Report as 'Antigua and Barbuda' Antigua and Barbuda 3 1 AC Antipodes Islands 7 64 NZ include with New Zealand Argentina 8 54 AR Armenia 4 374 AM Aruba 3 297 AA Part of the Netherlands realm Ascension Island 1 247 SH Ashmore and Cartier Islands 7 61 AT include with Australia Atafu Atoll 7 690 TL include with New Zealand (Tokelau) Auckland Islands 7 64 NZ include with New Zealand Australia 7 61 AS Australian External Territories 7 672 AS include with Australia Austria 9 43 AU Azerbaijan 4 994 AJ Azores 9 351 PO include with Portugal Bahamas, The 3 1 BF Bahrain 5 973 BA Balearic Islands 9 34 SP include -
Ants (Hymenoptera: Fonnicidae) of Samoa!
Ants (Hymenoptera: Fonnicidae) of Samoa! James K Wetterer 2 and Donald L. Vargo 3 Abstract: The ants of Samoa have been well studied compared with those of other Pacific island groups. Using Wilson and Taylor's (1967) specimen records and taxonomic analyses and Wilson and Hunt's (1967) list of 61 ant species with reliable records from Samoa as a starting point, we added published, unpublished, and new records ofants collected in Samoa and updated taxonomy. We increased the list of ants from Samoa to 68 species. Of these 68 ant species, 12 species are known only from Samoa or from Samoa and one neighboring island group, 30 species appear to be broader-ranged Pacific natives, and 26 appear to be exotic to the Pacific region. The seven-species increase in the Samoan ant list resulted from the split of Pacific Tetramorium guineense into the exotic T. bicarinatum and the native T. insolens, new records of four exotic species (Cardiocondyla obscurior, Hypoponera opaciceps, Solenopsis geminata, and Tetramorium lanuginosum), and new records of two species of uncertain status (Tetramorium cf. grassii, tentatively considered a native Pacific species, and Monomorium sp., tentatively considered an endemic Samoan form). SAMOA IS AN ISLAND CHAIN in western island groups, prompting Wilson and Taylor Polynesia with nine inhabited islands and (1967 :4) to feel "confident that a nearly numerous smaller, uninhabited islands. The complete faunal list could be made for the western four inhabited islands, Savai'i, Apo Samoan Islands." Samoa is of particular in lima, Manono, and 'Upolu, are part of the terest because it is one of the easternmost independent country of Samoa (formerly Pacific island groups with a substantial en Western Samoa). -
Migration Data in Oceania Opening Remarks Global Migration Data Portal* • Challenge: Migration Data Are Scattered Between Various Institutions and Countries
Migration Data in Oceania Opening Remarks Global Migration Data Portal* • Challenge: Migration data are scattered between various institutions and countries • Proposed on 12 July 2016 by then German Foreign Minister Steinmeier and IOM's former DG Swing • Launched on 15 December 2017 • Mentioned in the final text of the Global Compact for Migration as a repository for data Berlin, July 12, 2016 Migration Data in Oceania Countries of Oceania Micronesia Polynesia • Kiribati • Samoa • the Marshall Islands • Tonga • Federated States of Micronesia • Tuvalu • Nauru • Palau Not included in this analysis: Melanesia • American Samoa • Cook Islands • Fiji • French Polynesia Australia and New Zealand • Guam • Papua New Guinea • New Caledonia • Solomon Islands • Australia • Niue • Northern Mariana Islands • Vanuatu • New Zealand • Tokelau • Wallis and Futuna Islands 271.6 8.7 million million Migrants originating from Oceania 2.049 million people have emigrated from a country in Oceania Migrants originating from Oceania Past and present trends • Oceania has a long history of human movement, and this history continues to influence migration patterns today • Migration is key to the region’s economy • Seasonal labour schemes facilitate migration from select Pacific countries to fill labour shortages in Australia and New Zealand • A number of resettled refugees live in Oceania • Australia maintains offshore processing arrangements for people who arrive by boat to seek asylum Recent trends • ‘Brain drain’ versus remittance gain • ‘Brain drain’ refers to the depletion of human capital in a sector or occupation in one country due to the emigration of skilled workers from those occupations to another country. • Remittances are personal monetary transfers made by migrants to individuals or communities with whom they have links. -
A) China's Development Assistance in PNG, Samoa and Tonga
The Development Needs of Pacific Island Countries Report prepared by: Graeme Smith, George Carter, Mao Xiaojing, Almah Tararia, Elisi Tupou and Xu Weitao The Development Needs of Pacific Island Countries DISCLAIMER: The analysis and policy recommendations of the research paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Development Programme, its Executive Board or its Member States. The designations employed in the paper do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations or UNDP concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The recommendations of the paper are solely the views of the researchers and do not reflect the views of any government, including Australia, China, Tonga, Samoa, or Papua New Guinea, or other; or other organization. All rights reserved. Any part of this publication may be quoted, copied, or translated by indicating the source. No part of this publication may be used for commercial purposes without prior written permission from UNDP China. The Development Needs of Pacific Island Countries Table of Contents List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................ 1 List of Tables and Figure ......................................................................................................... 3 1. An Introduction to the Research Project ........................................................................ -
Hold Fast to the Treasures of Tokelau; Navigating Tokelauan Agency in the Homeland and Diaspora
1 Ke Mau Ki Pale O Tokelau: Hold Fast To The Treasures of Tokelau; Navigating Tokelauan Agency In The Homeland And Diaspora A PORTFOLIO SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI’I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN PACIFIC ISLANDS STUDIES AUGUST 2014 BY Lesley Kehaunani Iaukea PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE: Terence Wesley-Smith, Chairperson David Hanlon John Rosa 2 © 2014 Lesley Kehaunani Iaukea 3 We certify that we have read this portfolio and that, in our opinion, it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a portfolio for the degree of Master of Arts in Pacific Islands Studies. _____________________________ Terence Wesley-Smith Chairperson ______________________________ David Hanlon ______________________________ John Rosa 4 Table of Contents Table of Contents 4 Acknowledgements 6 Chapter One: Introduction 8 1. Introduction 8 2. Positionality 11 3. Theoretical Framework 13 4. Significance 14 5. Chapter outline 15 Chapter Two: Understanding Tokelau and Her People 18 1. Tokelau and her Atolls 20 2. Story of Creation from abstract elements 21 3. Na Aho O Te Pohiha (The days of darkness) 21 4. Peopling of the Tokelau Atolls 23 5. Path of Origin 24 6. Fakaofo 25 7. Nukunonu 26 8. Atafu 26 9. Olohega 26 10. Olohega meets another fate 27 11. Western contact 30 12. Myth as Practice 31 Chapter Three: Cultural Sustainability Through an Educational Platform 33 1. Education in Tokelau 34 2. The Various Methods Used 37 3. Results and impacts achieved from this study 38 4. Learning from this experience 38 5. Moving forward 43 6. -
Wallis and Futuna HEALTH SITUATION Wallis and Futuna Is Located in the South Pacific Ocean
Wallis and Futuna HEALTH SITUATION Wallis and Futuna is located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago comprises two groups of volcanic islands: Wallis (Uvea) and Futuna. The estimated population was 12 200 in 2015, with about 70% of the population living in Wallis and 30% in Futuna. Improved care and rising living standards in Wallis and Futuna have helped to control many infectious diseases, resulting in increased life expectancy and a steady decline in infant mortality. But lifestyle changes (unhealthy diet, tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical inactivity) have led to a rise in metabolic pathologies and other NCDs. NCDs and chronic diseases are major public health concerns. Cardiovascular diseases and their complications are the leading causes of death in the country, while chronic renal insufficiency is increasing. Rheumatic fever is also common, with a cohort of 300–400 cases treated regularly. Cutaneous infections, mainly erysipelas, account for http:// www.who.int/countries/en/ 50% of visits and hospitalizations. The prevalence of leptospirosis is estimated to be 840 cases per 100 000 inhabitants per year in Futuna; WHO region Western Pacific however, severe forms are rare, with a case fatality rate of 0.5%. No World Bank income group true emergence of arbovirus has been observed in Wallis and Futuna. Healthy Islands Monitoring Framework Indicators Number of skilled health workers* per 10 000 population 69 (2008) HEALTH POLICIES AND SYSTEMS Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange The Agence de Santé of Wallis and Futuna is a state-run, state-owned rate (US$) NA public institution. There is no private sector. -
238 the Contemporary Pacific • Spring 2002 K E R Ry Ja M E S Wallis And
238 the contemporary pacific • spring 2002 tions. The government has established Tongan culture, support the rights of the Tonga Communications Corpora- all Tongans, and protect the indepen- tion, in place of the previous compa- dence of the kingdom. These moves, nies (Cable and Wireless and Tonga together with the introduction of a Telecom), to run both international high-speed wireless service and fiber- and domestic telephone services. The optic cable to link the central business new corporation’s immediate plans are area of Nuku‘alofa—which, the to establish a 2.5g gsm cellular tele- Crown Prince avers, will liberate the phone service with email and tele- common man more than the auto- phone capacity, and to increase Inter- mobile—demonstrate again the fre- net accessibility. The government has quently startling juxtaposition of also issued a license to a second tele- complementary ideas that characterize communications carrier, Tonfön, a Tonga. At the very least, they promise fully owned subsidiary of Shoreline interesting future developments on Communications, a company headed several fronts. by the Crown Prince that already pro- duces most of the power for Tonga’s k e r ry ja m e s electricity supply which is then dis- tributed by the Tonga Electricity Power Board. Through Tonfön, the Wallis and Futuna prince aims to introduce wireless technology whereby, “the customer The main subject of political discus- should be able to buy a computer, sion remains the special agreement, plug it in, pull out an aerial and make yet to be signed, between the French a phone call . swipe a card on the Overseas Territory of Wallis and computer, establish an account, and Futuna and the French Overseas switch to his favorite tv channel Country of New Caledonia. -
An Analysis of Kiribati, Nauru, Palau, Tonga, Tuvalu and Mauritius Thomas M
Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 2004 Small-State Foreign Policy: An Analysis of Kiribati, Nauru, Palau, Tonga, Tuvalu and Mauritius Thomas M. Ethridge Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in Political Science at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Ethridge, Thomas M., "Small-State Foreign Policy: An Analysis of Kiribati, Nauru, Palau, Tonga, Tuvalu and Mauritius" (2004). Masters Theses. 1325. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/1325 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THESIS/FIELD EXPERIENCE PAPER REPRODUCTION CERTIFICATE TO: Graduate Degree Candidates (who have written formal theses) SUBJECT: Permission to Reproduce Theses The University Library is receiving a number of request from other institutions asking permission to reproduce dissertations for inclusion in their library holdings. Although no copyright laws are involved, we feel that professional courtesy demands that permission be obtained from the author before we allow these to be copied. PLEASE SIGN ONE OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS: Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University has my permission to lend my thesis to a reputable college or university for the purpose of copying it for inclusion in that · dings. ~Ju } oy Oat~ 1 I respectfully request Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University NOT allow my thesis to be reproduced because: Author's Signature Date lhesis4.form SMALL-STATE FOREIGN POLICY: AN ANALYSIS OF KIRIBATI, NAURU, PALAU, TONGA, TUVALU AND MAURITIUS (TITLE) BY Thomas M. -
The French Pacific Territories and Free Trade
Asia Pacific Bulletin The French Pacific Territories and Free Trade BY JEREMY ELLERO Since the early 2000s, there has been an acceleraon of economic cooperaon projects in Oceania with the apparent goal of introducing common regional rules for free trade. These aempts to move towards a single market include the Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relaons (PACER, 2001), the Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement (PICTA, 2002), and the most recent aempts at rafying PACER Plus (2017). However, New Caledonia and French Polynesia are sll absent from the negoaons. Dr Jeremy Ellero, Research Associate at the Law and Oceania covers a sixth of the globe and its naons shows striking contrasts. Whether it be in surface area, populaon density, or GDP, Pacific islands countries can appear as a composite and Economics Research fragmented space. Laboratory at the University of New Caledonia, explains The French territories of New Caledonia, French Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna suffer from the that “The integration of the same isolaon and narrowness of markets as the majority of Small Island States (SIS). For example, French territories into the though the French Polynesian archipelago is richly endowed with mineral resources, it can only leverage its exceponal natural heritage through tourism, whereas the Wallis and Futuna Islands wider drivers in Oceania rely solely on mainland financial transfers. would induce a modernization of the growth fundamentals Regardless, the French territories are characterized by levels of gross domesc product (GDP) and and a homogenization of the human development comparable with those of developed countries. Indeed, massive financial transfers combined with tariffs and quotas on imported goods have created overprotected level of economic economies whose purchasing power is unrelated to actual economic power.