EuropeanCommission
The Agricultural Situation in the EuropeanUnion 1995Report
Reportpublished in conjunction 'General with the Reporton the Activities of the EuropeanUnion 1ggb,
BRUSSELS o LUXEMBOURG o 1996 Cataloguingdata can be found at the end of this publication
Luxembourg:Office for OfficialPublications of the EuropeanCommunities, 1996 lsBN 92-827-5545-2
@ ECSC-EC-EAEC,Brussels ' Luxembourg,1996
Printed in Belgium Foreword
This report, which is the 21st annual agricultural situation report, is published in conjunction with the 1995 General Report on the Activities of the European Ünion. It is presänted in accordance with the procedure laid down in the declaration on the system for fixing Community farm prices contained in the Accession Documents of 22 January 1972. h wÄ completed in December 1995.
As in previous years, the report falls into two parts. The frst presents the agricultural lituation and the year's outturn and opens with a review of the implementation of the 1992 CAP reform. This year a description of the agricultural situation in the Central and East European countries (CEECs) has been included following the preparation-commission. of reports on this topic by the Directorate-General for Agriculture (DG vI) of the
The economic situation, the trends on principal markets, issues affecting rural development, financing of the common agricultural policy and external trade relations are then discussed.
The second part of the report provides the main statistics on European Union agriculture and gives, in a form that has now become standard, updates of the täbles produceä in previous reports.
This year for the first time, data for all of Germany have been included in almost all of the tables. In addition, in a substantial number of cases,although not all, data for the three new Member States of the EU have been included.
The statistics are based mainly on data supplied by the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat). The Directorate-General for Agriculture has updated ro-" oi th" figures and has sometimes added estimates when final figures were unavailable because of the report's publication date.
As in earlier years, certain subjects covered by the report have also been dealt with in other Commission documents. The reader will thus find referencesto various publications available from either the Commission, the Office for Official Publications of the European Commu- nities or Eurostat.
Prefaceby Dr Franz Fischler Memberof the Commissionresponsible for agricultureand rural development
The past year has been a very significant one for European agriculture. The CAP reform of 1992 has now been three years in the implementation and the results so far have been very positive. We have succeededin stabilizing the key markets and greatly reducing intervention stocks. In the cereals sector, an important contribution to this has been made by the set-asideschemes. Where we have been able to eliminate the former overhang, markets have recovered, prices have strengthened and agricultural incomes have improved. The decoupling of market man- agement from income policy that began with the reform, the switch to more direct income support, has also been a major and welcome step.
The cuts in institutional prices have improved competitive- ness, particularly in the case of feed grains versus their substitutes.
Reform came to the sugar, cotton and rice sectors last year, so that they can now better cope with the existing and future challenges. The Commission also forwarded proposals to the Council for further, urgently awaited reforrns in the fruit and vegetable and wine sectors.
In the area of structural policies, a large number of programmes were approved last year. Rural development has been made a priority and should remain so in the future. The 'Leader' Community's initiative has been particularly successful, providing noteworthy stimulus to development processes.This financial support for structural adjustment will help us to safeguard and revitalize rural areas.
Currency fluctuations in a number of Member States during the year proved a major challenge to the smooth operation of the single market in agricultural products. A temporary adjustment to the agrimonetary regime was able to preserve the benefits to farmers in strong culrency countries while avoiding the disadvantages.However, a lasting solution to these 6 PREFACE monetary problems will only come with the achievement of economic and monetary union, which is thus of extreme importance to agriculture.
International agricultural policy was largely dictated last year by implementation of the new GATT arrangements. This created major challenges for all Member States; the process of adjusting to the new situations was and remains difficult. The second major international topic last year was the possibility of eastward expansion of the Union. We studied the agricultural situation in all 10 of the relevant Central and East European countries and on that basis drew up a strategy paper for presentation to the heads of government proposing a number of options for the development of our relations in the agricultural sector in the context of future integration.
There are also positive results to report in the veterinary sector. New European Directives on the transporting of animals were adopted, with the emphasis on animal protection and welfare. At the beginning of 1996, a proposal on calf rearing was forwarded to the Council. As this annual report will show, the cornmon agricultural policy is on a satisfactory path. The next steps will be to conclude the 1992 reform process while at the same time setting new challenges, and refining the reform where needed, so as to maintain adequate standards of living for farmers and consumers alike. Contents
Page - | The agricultural year 9
CAP reform 9 The agriculturalsituation in the Central and East European countries (CEECs) 16 Pricesand marketorganization 23 Agrimonetarymeasures 26 Promotionalmeasures 28 Consumerprotection and productquality 29 Assistanceto the needy 29 Harmonizationof legislation 30 State aids 36
ll Economic situation and farm incomes 41
Generaloverview 41 Productionlevefs and price trends 43 Trendsin farm incomes 48
lll Agricultural markets 59
Cereals 59 Rice 62 Sugar 64 Oliveoil 66 Oilseeds 70 Peas,field beansand sweet lupins 72 Dried fodder 72 Fruit and vegetables 74 Wine 80 Cotton 82 Seed flax 85 Silkworms 85 Fibreflax and hemp 86 Tobacco 87 Hops 88 Seeds 90 Flowersand live plants 91 Animal feedingstuffs 92 Milk and milk products 95 Beef and veal 101 Sheepmeatand goatmeat 104 Pigmeat 105 Poultrymeat 106 Eggs 109 Potatoes 110 8 CONTENTS
Honey 110 'Non-food' set aside 111 Schemefor starch productionrefunds 112
lV Rural development 115 The factorsthat determinethe future of the countryside 115 Horizontalmeasures 116 Regionalmeasures 121 Accompanyingmeasures 132 Agriculturalresearch 134
V Financingof the CAP in 1995 137 First assessmentof the reform of the CAP 137 Budgetarydiscipline 137 The EAGGFin the generalbudget 140 The EAGGFand its financialresources 141 The EAGGFGuarantee Section 142 The EAGGFGuidance Section 148
Vl External relations 153 World Trade Organization 153 Relationswith the United States 154 Relationswith Canada 155 Relationswith Mercosur 155 Relationswith industrialcountries 155 Relationswith Mediterraneancou ntries 156 Relationswith the Centraland EastEuropean countries 157 Relationswith the former Soviet Union 157 Relationswith the Republicof South Africa 158 Food aid 158 Internationalorganizations 159 EFTA 159
Vll Agricultural development: statistical information T11
Principal abbreviations used
ACP = African, Caribbean and Pacificcountries AWU = Annual work unit CAP = Common agriculturalpolicy CEECs = Central and East European countries COM = Common organization of the market EAGGF = EuropeanAgricultural Guidance and GuaranteeFund EFTA = European Free Trade Association EMS = European Monetary System FADN = Farm accountancy data network GATT = General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade MCA = Monetary compensatory amount MGO = Maximum guaranteedquantity NVA = Net value-added UAA = Utilizedagricultural area USDA = United States Department of Agriculture I The agriculturalye ar
CAP reform
Sectors reformed in Ig92
Arable crops
I. The 1995/96 marketing year marks the third and final stage in the adjustment of the intervention price and the aids applicable in the cereals sector.
2' The year 1994195was a year of consolidation of the achievements of 1993194regarding the control of the level of production and the increase in the consumption of cereals.
3' The uptake of the scheme for arable crops was higher than in lgg3tg4 with an increase of l'7 million ha in the areasfor which aid wäs requested.However, for the Union of Twelve the areas covered by the scheme were well below the total of the base areas. The area set aside was 7.36 million ha, including 1.36 million ha under the old five-year scheme. These figures show the importance of this measure for production control and for achieving a better balance in the cereals market.
4 Although for the Union as a whole the area covered by the scheme was below the total base area, overshoots totalling about 660 000 ha took placä in individual Member States. [n Spain, the overshoot in the Regadfo base area was attributed to the drought which caused a switch from irrigated crops such as rice and cotton which require an ibundant supply of water to those requiring less water. As it had done the previäus year with Scotland and Germany, the Commission took a flexible approach and decided not io apply the sanctions to areas other than those planted with oilseedi. t The satisfactory results of the two first marketing years of implementation of the reform are clearly evidenced by the level of public stocks öf-cereals w6ich, at rhe end of 1994195 stand at 9 million tonnes compared to 33 million tonnes at the end of 1992193and lg million tonnes at the end of 1993194. 10 THE AGRICULTURALYEAR
intemal 6. In autumn 1994, given the low cereals harvest and the expectation of increased year was reduced consumption in Igg4lg5, the rate of set-aside for the 1995196marketing (from 18 to from 15 to I2Vo for rotational set-asideand from 2O to l7 7o for non-rotational areas sown to 15 Vo inthe UK and Denmark). This brought about the intended increase in the cereals.
harvest, due 7. The year 1995196is expected, however, to produce a lower than average 1996197 mainly to weather conditions. In order to avoid too tight a situatiol on the marketin ' for the 1996197 the Commission proposed that the Council reduce the rate of set-aside Eventually the marketing year to l0% for rotational set-asideand to 15 Vo for non-rotational' the basis of the Council, in agreement with the Commission (which modified its position on to this' most recent s-upply/demandforecast), set both rates of set-asideat lOVo' In addition prevent internal the Commission temporarily suspendedexports of cereals with refunds to of cereals prices from becoming too high *d fto- jeäpardizing the recovery in internal use *tti"tt nua been observed during the previous two marketing years'
can be assessec 8. The economic performance of the reformed sectors in 1993 and 1994 shows that the from the Eurostat publication sPEL data for EU agriculture 1985-94 which per cultivated ha in reform has had a pösitive effect on gross value added (including the aids) the cereals and oilseeds sectors but has led to a fall in the pulses sector.
by 8'lvo g. For cereals, gross value added (including the aids) per cultivated ha increased is the reduction in real terms between 1992 and 1994. One important factor behind this result mainly to lower in production costs which fell by Il.4Vo oveithis period in real terms, due fertilizer costs.
subsidies' 10. For oilseeds, the fall in prices was more than offset by the increase in direct between 1991 to the extent that gross value added per ha increased by 29.2Vo inreal terms and t994. fall in gross value In the case of pulses, direct subsidies were not able to fully offset the gross value added added at markei prices per ha between 1992 and 1994. Ovet this period, production costs per ha including the aids fell by 29.4Voin real terms, despite a sharp fall in of l2.2qo pet luliritoutput in real terms.
obliged to set 11. Although it has to be taken into account that professional producers are that the gross aside part oith"i, land in order to be eligible for the compensation aids and than that of value added of this set-aside land (including the aids) is in general lower increase incomes cultivated land, it can be estimated that, globally, the reform has helped to in these sectors.
cereals under 12. In addition, the quantities of plant protection products used per hectare of ferttlizetby 9'4Vo' cultivation fell by tt.t7o between 1991 and 1994, and that of mineral of cultivation' This shows that the reform has led to some extensification in the methods THE AGRICULTURALYEAR 11
Animal sectors
13' As in the case of cereals, 1995196marks the third and final stage in the adjustment of the price and the premia in the beef sector. However, the transition poioA for the maximum stocking tate, i.e. livestock units per forage ha, does not end untii tggo and that for the reduction of the ceiling for intervention purchases until 1997.
14' At EU level the claims for suckler cow and beef special premium were higher in 1995 than in 1993 and 1994 but still below the maximum allowed, leaving some room for expansion.
15' Consumption production and levels were much closer in 1993 and 1994 than in previous years, which with continued exports brought intervention stocks down from their pre-reform level of over 1 million tonnes to under 20 000 tonnes in autumn 1995. This improvement in the market situation is no doubt due not only to the reform but also to the normal cyclical pattem_of the sector. It is expected that the oito- in production, forecast to start in 1995, will be limited in the coming y"-s by the production control mechanisms introduced by the reform. These are mainly tle headage limits for the premia for suckler cows and male bovine animals, and the restrictions loncerning the stocking rate. The reduction in the size of the dairy herd, which is a long term trenä, will also püy a role in limiting the expansion of production.
16' The main problem for balance in this market seemsto lie with consumers, sensitivity to possible perceived health risks from beef. As the GATT limits on subsidized exports begin to become more restrictive, it will become more difficult to bridge any sudden variations of the gap between production and consumption.
17' In this sector, according to the SPEL data, there has been an increase of 24.3vo in real gross value added (including aids) per slaughtered animal in the period lggz-g4. The number of animals slaughtered over the same period declined from 20.6 to lg.9 m (- g.3 vo), wlnch might have resulted from the effect of subsidy payments linked to extensification measures introduced by CAP reform.
18. In the sheepmeat sector, production seemsto have stabilized since the changesin the premium regime in 1992. Gross value added per animal (including the aids) has increasedby 2-r vo in real terms between r9g2 and rgg4.
19. For pigmeat and poultry, the drop in cereal prices and thus in feeding costs, although lower than originally expected, has allowed a reduction in export refunds. 12 THE AGRICULTURALYEAR
Changes introduced in 1995
Arable crops
as 20. Afforestation and environmental set-aside: Following a proposal by the Commission (EEC) No part oi-tne ß95196 price package, the Council amended the basic Regulation L76S/gZto allow land coveÄd by the afforestation and environmental schemesto be counted, the subject to certain conditions, ugulntt the obligation to set-aside part of the land under crops *ubl" scheme. These conditions require that the land be eligible for arable no payments,"rop, and that the aids applicable to that land under the accompanying schemesbe higher than the aid under the arable scheme.
21. Biomass on set-aside land: As part of the same price package the Council allowed to be Member Statesto set up a schemeof national aids for the cultivation of crops destined used as biomass on land set aside under the arable crops scheme.
22. Advance pqyment of the cereals andpulses qids: As a special measure to help Spanish to and PortuguerÄ fur-"r, äffected by the drought, the Council allowed these two counffies pay an ad-vanceof 5OVo of the 1995/96 aids for cereals and pulses before 16 October.
a 23. Extraordinary set-aside; At the request of the Council the Commission presented the report to the Council and the European Parliament analysing the problems posed by The first application of extraordinary set-aside (penalty for overshooting a given base area)' in piäUt"- stems from the fäct thal this penalty, aimed at neutralizing a previous increase place, production, might in fact be applied *ithout any increase in production having taken i.e. when the expansion in aröas is due to voluntary set-aside. The second problem is that the high rates of eitraordinary set-aside can have negative side-effects' In its report' of Commission indicated two possible measuresto address those problems: deductingT5Va the areas under voluntary sei-aside from the calculations of the rate of extraordinary set-aside first or setting a limit to thät rate. After discussions in the Council, a preference for the on that alternative was clear and consequently the Commission made a proposal based option.
Animal sectars
24. In the beef sector, at the request of the Council, the Commission allowed Member start States to increase the advance payment of the premia for 1995 from 60 to 80Vo and to at paying as from the 16 October instead of November. This measure was aimed farmers for the sudden fall in market prices experienced earlier in the year' "ompänsating THE AGRICULTURALYEAR 13
Sectors reformed in 1995
Dried fodder
25. The Council adopted the regulation amending the common market organization for dried fodder broadly along the lines proposed by the Commission which, in turn, followed the guidelines set out in the 1994195price package. Details of this reform which is aimed. primarily at controlling the budgetary expenditure which has increased significantly in recent years may be found in point 243.
Cotton
26. The reform of the cotton sector was adopted as part of the 1995/96 price package. Its two main objectives are to avoid penalizing the producers in a Member State *hictr ls not responsible for the increase in production, and to control the budgetary expenditure when production is higher than the MGe. (See points 297-300.)
Sugar
27' Following the Commission's proposal the Council adopted a regulation extending the quota system for six more marketing years, with the possibility of adjustment of the levil of quotas on a year-by-year basis, if necessary,to comply with GATT commitments concerning limits on the volume of and expenditure for exports.
Reforms still to be adopted by the Council
Wine
28 A discussion paper on reform of the wine sector was presented to the Council and the European Parliament in July 1993, followed by concrete proposals in June 1994, which, at the time of completion of this report, were still being discussed by the council.
29. The need for reform stems from the structural decline in consumption that has led the Community to spend considerable sums on absorbing the surpluses.The current instruments of the common market organization, mainly distillation and grubbing up, have not succeeded in eliminating the structural imbalance. In the reform proposal a Öommunity reference production of 154 million hl is established, allocated between the Member StatÄ according to the dual criteria of historical production and non-subsidized uses. Adjustment o1 production potential to respect the production reference quantities by the year 2OOOis carried out through regional programmes, cofinanced by the Community and encompassing a wide of instruments: rynqe grubbing up (loovo financed by the community) and early cropping, yield reduction, restructuring and promotion (cofinanced by the Member States). 14 THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR
30. In the event of non-observance of the reference quantities, compulsory distillation at very low prices is envisaged.
31. The proposal further aims at quality improvement, in particular in relation to enrichmenfpractices. In addition, it provides for rules concerning professional organizations and verification of production.
Fruit and vegetables
32. In July lgg4the Commission presented a discussion paper on reform of the fruit and vegetables sector, whose starting point was the recognition that: (i) competition on Community and international markets can only increase in the future; (iD distribution channels are becoming increasingly concentrated; (iii) consumer preferences tend to shift considerably, requiring a flexible approach to production policy.
33. In the light of these developments the Commission paper suggested reinforcing the approach which already exists in the market organization by means of strengthening the role oi producer organizations in the management of supply and in the marketing of production' The main instrument to be used was operating funds, to be jointly financed by producers, the Community and Member States.
34. Following discussions in the Council and in the European Parliament, in 1995 the Commission has made a formal proposal to reform the sector. In this proposal the Commission develops the ideas contained in the discussion paper, in particular those related to the role of produier organizations and operating funds. Other aspectsof the proposal refer to standardization (adoptiön by the Community of the quality standards of the LIN Economic Commission ior nuropi;, interbranch organizations and agreements,and tighter controls.
Rice
35. In December 1994 the Commission committed itself to make proposals for reform in the rice sector in order to apply import arrangements similar to those for cereals and to make the sector more competitive along the same lines as those of the 1992 reform.
36. In 1995 the Commission presented to the Council a proposal whose main points are: (i) a three-stage reduction of l5fto in producer prices, taking account of market develop- ments, notably as regards price developments and sales into intervention; (ii) compensatory aid, fixed on the basis of yields observed in the various Member States and the size of the price reduction and aimed at maintaining present income levels; THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR 15
(iii) a maximum guaranteed area, compatible with the needs of the market and with the commitments undertaken in the framework of the GATT regarding exports;
(iv) penalties for overshooting the maximum guaranteedarea: if it is exceededby up to 5 Vo in a given crop year, the amount of compensatory aid for the current crop year will be cut by 6Vo for each percentage point of overshooting. If the area sown to rice exceeds lO5 Vo of the maximum guaranteed area the aid will be cut further in the Member States where the national maximum guaranteed area has been exceeded by more than 5 Vo;
(v) precautionary intervention, under which producers store the product for four months, at their own expense, before selling into intervention which will be available only from May to the end of August;
(vi) quality policy, with a view to producing paddy rice of a quality matching the needs of the processingindustry which has better accessto third country products following the Uruguay Round agreement.
Simplication
37. The desire to give as much flexibility as possible to producers, to increase the number of options open to them, and to adjust the general markät measures to the very different structures and natural conditions of European farms, has led to an increase in the complexity and bureaucratic aspectsof the reform. This has had the consequencethat the Membei States administrations have experienced some difficulties in the implämentation of the Community regulations, and that the management of some parts of the reform has become increasingly difficult. Particular examples of this are the multiplicity of forms of set-aside and the urruy of different penalties that can be applied to a given producer.
38' The need for simplification was felt by the Member States during the first years of 'Memoranda' application of the reform and led to almost all of them presenting on this subject. Unfortunately the interpretation of what simplification meanJvaries greatly from one memorandum to another and some Member States tried to take advantage of this opportunity to reopen discussions on some contentious matters that had already been settled in Mav 1992.
39' In 1995 the Commission itself has made a significant effort aimed at simplifying its own regulations, mainly those related to the integrated control system. It ii also- the Commission's intention to propose to the Council that a simplification of the reform be carried out in order to lighien the bureaucratic burden it impäses both on producers and public administrations and to make it easier to understand and to manage. The setting of an identical rate for rotational and non-rotational set-aside for 1996197 is already a stepln this direction. 16 THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR
The agriculturalsituation in the Gentraland East Europeancountries (GEECsl
'that 40. In June 1993 the European Council agreed during its meeting in Copenhagen the associatedcountries in Central and Eastern Europe that so desire shall become members of the European Union. Accession will take place as soon as an associatedcountry is able to assume the obligations of membership by satisfying the economic and political conditions required.'
41. Agriculture has been identified as an important issue for the future accession of the Central and East European countries (CEECs) because of its relative size in some of these countries and because of the difficulties there might be in extending to them the common agricultural policy (CAP) in its culrent form.
42. In the first half of 1995 a series of 10 country reports on the agricultural situation and prospects in the CEECs (Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia) was produced by the Commission in conjunction with national experts from the countries concerned and with the help of scientific advisers from the EU. The reports were an attempt to provide an objective analysis of the situation in agriculture and the agrofood sector in the CEECs and an assessmentof the developments to be expected in the medium term. They were not meant to provide policy recommendations,but to serve as an analytical basis for policy considerations.What follows is a summary of what was contained in these reports.
Introduction
43. The l0 Central and East European countries combined have a population of about 106 million and a land area of 1.1 million square km. This is about 29Vo of the Union's population and 33 Vo of its area.
44. Since 1989/90 all of these countries have had serious difficulties with adjustment of their economies as a whole and also of their agricultural sectors.Most, however, have shown signs of recovery since 1993/94. Lagging somewhat behind are Hungary, which is experiencing problems in stabilizing its economy, in particular regarding its public finances and the current account deficit, and Romania and Bulgaria which, in addition, seem less advanced in their transition to market economies. THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR 17
Agriculture and the agrofood industry
45. In terms of area, contribution to GDP and in particular share in total employment agriculture is relatively more important in the CEECs than it is in the EU. On averageover 25 Voof the workforce is employed in agriculture, i.e. a total of 9.5 million (compared with 6 Vo or 8.2 mtllion in the EU). Agriculture contributes 8 Voto GDP (compared with 2.5 Voin the EU).
46. Although there are signs of the beginning of a recovery, in particular in the crop sector, agricultural output is generally still well below pre-transition levels in all CEECs except Slovenia and Romania. Output was affected by the fall in demand as consumer subsidies were removed and the general economic situation deteriorated, and by the price-cost squeeze faced by agriculture (i.e. input prices rising much faster than output prices).
47. Most CEECs, with the exception of Hungary, Bulgaria and Estonia, have become net importers of agricultural and food products in recent years. The most important trade partner for many CEECs is the EU, in particular as regards imports, but also as regards exports. All CEECs except Hungary are net importers of agrofood products from the EU. The agrofood balance has been developing in favour of the EU, moving from a deficit in 1992 to an increasing surplus in 1993 and 1994. Nevertheless all six associatedcountries increasedtheir exports to the EU in 1994, which is partly a reflection of better use of the tariff quotas under the Europe Agreements, although uptake still falls some way short of the maximum possible.
48. For many CEECs the share of agrofood exports going to the former Soviet Union increased again in 1994, after having dropped in the early transition years.
Structural reform
49. In most CEECs in the pre-transition era nearly all cultivated land was in hands of collective and State farms. The only exceptions were Poland, which kept an important private sector in agriculture even under central planning, and Slovenia, which had a small 'socially owned' sector of agriculture and a large number of small part-time farmers, occupying over 9OVo of agricultural area.
50. As in the wider economy, one of the main objectives of reform during transition was to decollectivize agriculture and to re-establish private property rights. Putting land and other farm assets into private ownership or private operation took a number of different forms, leading to different degrees of fragmentation of ownership and of farms. 18 THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR
51. A general feature in the countries, which had a predominantly collectivized agriculture in the pre-transition era, appears to be that the dualistic character - very large-scale collective or State farms on the one hand and very small individual or private plots on the other - is slowly diminishing. This tendency can be expected to continue in the future and to contribute to increased efficiency as the larger units reach more manageable proportions and the smaller ones acquiring more land can benefit from economies of scale. For the medium term, however, the forms of private producer cooperatives or associations which have emerged will most likely continue to play an important role in agricultural production and the focus of the smaller farms will continue to be on production for on-farm consumption and for local markets. The rate of structural reform will also depend on the emergence of functioning land markets, which so far has been hindered by the delays encounteredin most countries concerning the definitive settlement of property rights.
52. The degree of privatization and demonopolization achieved in the up- and downsffeam sectors differs between countries. Delays in the privatization and in the breaking up of the large State monopolies in these sectors was one of the reasons for the price-cost squeezethe farm sector experienced in the first years of transition. A retum to profitability of farming will to a large extent depend on a competitive downstream sector and on a reorganization of the farm sector itself, e.g. in concentrating supply channels and strengthening its negotiating position vis-d-vis the food processing industry and distribution channels.
Support policies
53. In most CEECs measures have been introduced to stabilize the agricultural sector, in the wake of the disruption of the early years of transition. Depending on the country, support to agriculture has taken various forms ranging from CAP-like intervention and border measures to administrative controls.
54. When considering the relatively low level of farm-gate prices in the CEECs, the downstream inefficiencies in many countries should be taken into account, e.g. for wheat a doubling or more of the farm-gate price to get the product to the border is not unusual.
55. The low dairy and beef prices reflect the destocking of herds (the costs to maintain production potential in quantity and quality terms are not being met) and, in the case of beef, the lower quality of production based on dairy herds since most CEECs have no specialized beef herds. THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR 19
Agriculturaloutput in theCEECs*
130 130
Czech Rep
100
t
70
40 40 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 130 130 130 Slovakia Slovenia Romania
100 :\q{#
70
4A 40 40 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 130 130 130 Estonia
100 100
70 70 \ 40 40 ,1 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 crops 120 1 livestock
100 2 Poland3 Slovakia4 Bulgaria6 Hungary7 Slovenia1 Lithuania9 80 :4 "6 CzechRep. 5 Romania2 Estonia8 7 60 8 * 9 Data unavailable for Latvia 40 19891990 1991 1992 1993 1994
Figure I 20 THE AGRICULTURALYEAR
56. Over time the price gap can be expected to be eroded to a certain extent by relatively high inflation which will not be fully compensatedfor by currency devaluation and by a rise in domestic agricultural prices as food demand recovers somewhat more quickly than supply. In a situation of rising output, production costs will be more accurately reflected.
GATT
57. Further agricultural policy developments in the CEECs will be conditioned by their GATT Uruguay Round commitments on domestic support, market access and export subsidization.
58. The aggregatemeasurement of support (AMS) commitments might become a constraint for those countries which have bound their AMS in national currencies. Tariffs have generally been bound at higher levels than the protection applied at the beginning of the transition, but for most products and countries they are still lower than in the EU. Potentially the biggest constraints will be those arising from export subsidy commitments, both in quantity as well as budgetary terms.
Outlook
59. The general income growth in the CEECs will lead to a certain recovery of demand for agricultural products, in particular for livestock products, although the pre-transition levels of per capita consumption will probably not be reached. A rise in animal production will also increase the feed demand for cereals.
60. In most countries completion of land reform and restructuring of the food chain will take at least until the end of the decade, while farm structures could be expected to evolve even more slowly as the capability of agriculture to attract investment will remain limited.
61. In view of the budgetary constraints in many countries State support to agriculture is not expected to increase much above current levels, limiting the possibilities of market intervention and structural aid. Import protection has been increased recently with the implementation of the Uruguay Round. The increased protection, which stays within GATT limits, is expected to remain stable in the future as the scope for domestic price rises is limited by the still relatively high share of household income spent on food and by the still excessive inflation rates in most countries. THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR 2I
62. Use of inputs is recovering and will contribute to an increase in productivity. This is not, however, likely to attain pre-transition levels, when account is taken of input-output price ratios and the waste of inputs under the old regimes.
63. By the end of the decade supply and demand patterns in CEEC agriculture could be expected to have adjusted to the shock of transition. In the crop sector there should be a certain shift towards cereals and oilseeds with an increased net export potential compared to the pre-transition situation.
64. In the livestock sector the recovery will probably be less marked. For the dairy sector the net export potential would be significantly lower than in the pre-transition period, while for meat supply and demand should be more or less in balance, but at a lower level than in the pre-transition period.
Conclusion
65. Agricultural production can thus be expected to continue to grow in coming years, albeit at a slow rate. Undoubtedly, the CEECs have a significant production potential. The big structural difficulties in the foreseeable future should, however, not be overlooked. Three key problem areas can be distinguished in this regard:
(a) I^ack of capital
66. Although investments are urgently needed to modernize production and to improve the rural infrastructure there is little finance available. The self-financing capacity of most enterprises is weak and public money very limited. The demand for credit exceeds the availability and the farm sector is relatively unattractive for investors due to its low profitability. The delay in the definitive settlement of property rights makes it difficult to use land as collateral. For the same reason no functioning land market exists in most countries and administrative regulations make it difficult for potential investors, in particular those from abroad, to invest in agriculture.
(b) Farm structurql problems
67. In the early years of transition agriculture served in some CEECs as an emplcyment buffer (and partially still does) while industry was being restructured. This contributed to the creation or reinforcement of micro-scale farming for subsistence pulposes which, in the longer term, would probably only be viable as an additional source of income, but, at the same time, complicates the task of modernizing agriculture. Furthermore, in some countries oversized structures with inherent economic and social problems continue to exist. Finally, many farmers, in particular on small holdings, are relatively old compared with the average age structure of the population, have little training and are not at all well prepared for the pressures of a market economy. 22 THE AGRICULTURALYEAR
(c) Downstream structural problems
68. The privatization and reorganization of the food industry is slowly progressing in most countries, but the urgently needed foreign investment and know-how is often lacking. With the exception of some sectors the general picture is still that of an industry weighed down by inefficiency. In several countries the downstream sectors closest to agriculture are still semi-State controlled with monopolistic tendencies.In many cases international competitive- ness seems to be lacking. In spite of low producer prices, around or below world market Ievels, exports are often subsidized.
69. Producer prices in the CEECs which are still relatively low must be seen in relation to the serious economic recession of the last five years. With the growth of incomes, rising demand, adaptation to higher quality standards and the border protection allowed under GATT, prices should rise further in coming years.
70. There are, however, limits to a price rise. As long as food expenditure still makes up 30 to 6OVoof household income and as long as inflation rates still lie between 10 and 30Vo (atd, in some cases, even higher) a rapid increase in agricultural and food prices would be economically damaging and socially dangerous. The price gap between the CEECs and the EU can therefore be expected to continue to exist for the foreseeable future, although with some variations depending on the product.
71. Taking all these elements together the CEECs should be less in need of a high level of price and income support for their farmers than of targeted assistance for the restructuring, modernization and diversification of the productive capacity of their agriculture and of their downstream sectors and for improvement of their rural infrastructure.
Strategy for the future
72. At the end of November the Commission adopted a strategy paper I on relations in the agricultural sector with the associatedcountries in the light of their future accession to the EU. The paper outlines the many challenges, apart simply from those arising from the future incorporation of these countries, which will confront the CAP over the next decade and outlines the different options available. It argues for an extension and deepening of the 1992 reform, a simplification of CAP mechanisms and a structural adjustment programme for the CEECs in the pre-accessionperiod.
' coM(95) 607. THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR 23
Importance of agriculture for the CEECs
Food Aericultural arear Agricultural production 2 Agricultural employment I Trade r expenditure 3
(7a total (Vo total (7o total (7o total (7o household (mio ha) ftio ECU) (Vo GDP) (000) area) empl.) expenditure) impots) income)
Poland r8.6 59 4.648 6.3 3 661 25.6 t2.2 l 1.1 30 Hungary 6.1 66 2.068 6.4 392 10.1 2r.8 7.4 314 Czech Rep. 4.3 54 0.87| 3.3 27| 5.6 7.t 9.6 324 Slovak Rep. 2.4 49 0.512 5.8 r78 8.4 5.9 9.3 38 Slovenia 0.9 43 0.250 4.9 90 r0.7 4.7 8.2 28 Romania r4.7 62 4.500 20.2 3 531 35.2 6.8 9.9 60s Bulgaria 6.2 55 1.131 10.0 694 2r.2 20.7 10.6 4gs Lithuania 3.5 54 0.259 I 1.0 399 22.4 12.8 10.8 58 Latvia 2.5 39 0.232 10.6 229 18.4 66 45 Estonia 1.4 31 0.266 r0.4 89 8.2 I 1.0 16.l 39 CEEC-10 60.6 56 r4.7 7.8 9 540 26.1 66 6 EU l 38.1 43 208.8 2.5 8 190 5.1 9.07 9.51 224
| 1993 data. 2 As measured by gross agricultural product (GAP). 3 1994 data. a Including expenditure on alcoholic beverages and tobacco. 5 Including on-farm consumption. 6 Data unavailable. 7 EU-12 data.
Pricesand market organization
73. The Council's room for manoeuvre as regards prices and related measuresis becoming increasingly eroded. The reform of the common agricultural policy adopted in 1992, the Marrakesh multilateral trade agreement, the accession treaties and budgetary discipline all impose constraints inimical to innovation. 1 Nevertheless, the Council was not inactive and, besides fixing prices and taking decisions on related measures, it reviewed the market organizations for sugar, dried fodder and tobacco.z Not all these decisions were taken during the final agreement on prices reached on 19-22 June 1995; some were adopted while the Commission's proposal was being discussed. Conversely, the agreement on prices of 19-22 June also included two matters not directly related to prices: agrimonetary matters and the protection of animals during transport.3
See points l-39, 538-546, 587-592, 6\1 . See points 224, 243, 318-320. See points 80-82, 92. 24 THE AGRICULTURALYEAR
74' As far as prices for the next marketing year were concerned, the Council decided on a general freeze aparl from adjustments to prices and aid already adopted as part of the reform or as part of earlier decisions (potato starch and dried fodder).I The main points of the agreement of 19-22 June which concerned products were:
(i) cereals and rice: the monthly increments were reduced following the reduction in financial storage costs. Existing provisions concerning the moisture content of cereals (other than maize and sorghum), the minimum quality of durum wheat, the specific weight of barley and the timetable for opening intervention were maintained unchanged for 1995/96. Outside the traditional regions, aid of ECU 138.86 per hectare of durum wheat was granted to up to 5 000 hectaresin areas of Austria where production is well established. The existing market organization for rice was retained pending a Council decision on the Commission's proposal for a review. Following the Marrakesh agreement, target prices for rice and cereals were abolished;
(ii) sugar: the monthly refunds of storage costs were reduced to ECU 0.451100kg on the basis of an interest rate of 6.75Vo..
(äi) olive oil: aid remained at the same amount asfor 1994195.Production aid in Spain and Portugal was aligned on the common level;
(iv) cotton: the maximum guaranteed quantity was set at I 031000 tonnes and divided between Greece (782 000 tonnes) and Spain (249 WO tonnes);
(v) wine and fruit and vegetables: apart from a few adjustments, the existing arrangements were continued pending reform of these sectors;
(vi) milk: the intervention price was kept at the level for the 1994195 marketing year. Decisions were taken on the minimum protein content of skimmed milk powder sold into intervention. The Council took a final decision for 1995/96 and subsequentyears on the guaranteed overall quantities provisionally allocated to Italy (900 000 tonnes) and Greece (100 000 tonnes):
(vii) tobacco: the Council fixed guaranteethresholds by group of varieties for leaf tobacco and took note of the Commission's intention to propose that in future guarantee thresholds be fixed outside the price proposals;
(v11i)beef/veal.' following the Marrakesh agreement, guide prices were abolished;
(ix) pigmear.' the basic price was fixed for category E instead of category U. The standard quality definition was fixed at category E for carcassesof between 60 and 120 kg and category R for carcassesof between I20 and 180 kg.
I See Table. THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR 25
Main institutional prices and aids applicable for the lgg4lgs and 199 SlgGmarketing years (ECUh)
r99st96
Cereals - Intervention picez r28.72 - s tt9.t9 Compensatory aid 42.26 54.34 Oilseeds and protein crops (reference amounts) - Rapeseed,sunflower and soya (ECU/ha) 433.50 - 433.50 Peas, field beans and sweet lupins 6 78.49 - 6 78.49 Non-fibre flax seed 105.05 105.05 Rice - 2 Intervention price (paddy rice) 373.84 373.84 Potato starch - Minimum price 228.85 - 209.78 Compensatory payment 67.62 - 86.94 Industry premium 22.25 22.25 Sugar - Basic price for sugar beet 47.67 - 47.67 Intervention price for white sugar (ECU/q) 63.r9 63.19 Olive oil - Production target price 3 837.10 - 3 837.70 Intervention price | 919.20 - 1 9r9.20 Representative market price 2 295.00 - 2 295.00 Production aid | 422.003 - | 422.00 Consumption aid 120.70 120.70 Dried fodder - 2 Guide price 2r2.87 - Fixed aida 68.83 Lentils, chick peas, vetches - Fixed aid (ECUftra) 156.98 156.98 Fibre flax - Fixed aid (ECUftra) 93s.6s 935.65 Hemp - Fixed aid (ECUlha) 774.7 4 774.7 4 Silkworms - Aid per box r33.26 r33.26 Cotton - Guide price I 063.00 - 1 063.00 Minimum price I 009.90 I 009.90 Milk products (a) Target price for milk 309.80 309.80 (b) Intervention price - Butter 3 282.00 3 282.00 Skimmed-milk powder 2 055.20 2 055.20 Beef/veal2 - Guide price for adult bovine animals 3 679.40 3 475.00 (carcasseweight - category R3) Sheepmeat - Basic price (slaughter weight) 5 040.70 5 040.70 Pigmeat - Basic price (slaughter weight) 1 569.76 r 509.39 26 THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR
1995t96
Table wine - Guide price Type - RI (ECUl7olhr) 3.828 3.828 - RII (ECUl%olhl) 3.828 3.828 - RIII (ECUl%olhl) 62.r5 62.rs -AI (ECUl7olhr) 3.828 3.828 - AII (ECUl%olhl) 82.81 82.81 - AIII (ECUl7olhl) 94.57 94.57 Tobacco (premiums)j I - Flue cured 2 709.65 2 709.65 II - Light air cured 2 167.48 2 t67.48 m - Dark air cured 2 167.48 2 167.64 IV - Fire cured 2 383.62 2 383.62 V - Sun cured 2 r6t .48 2 t67.48 VI - Basmas 3 754.r5 3 754.15 VII - Katerini 3 185.41 3 185.41 VIII - Kaba koulak 2 276.r5 2 276.15 Fruit and vegetables 8 8 - Basic and buying-in prices
I prices md mounts adjustedby multiplying by 1.20?509(mendment to the agrimonetarysys^reP fr-on I Februm 1995)' as a resultof 2 Tilser prices(ror cereals-a n*r.äiäi'äi's"ifö;;;r'ü;;;'iiuäuin"-"nii,ar aiied tooderl ile abolished-ftom1995/96 "na the-imftementationof the Marakesh agrcments. : SCU iZgo.tO/t for Spain md Pomrgal. last mrketing yetr. FrcD 1995/96, common mounts' a fodiler is fixed at ECU 38.&h- Aid for sun-dried region in t irri, is to compensarefor the reduction in the irrwention price. The aid per tome is to be m"ultiplied uy_ttre yieldil-tltg 919d1t:tion 358.63/ha' ouestion."la Aid for compulsoryr.r--^riü'r,ä.'L"i" ni"o ai ecÜ 68.83/t md'compensatoryaid for ämm wh€l at EcU 6 fo be mulitplied by rlie regional yield for cerealsto detemine the rygio1{ ry1e1e199-mouplr 7 Suoolementuvamounts haie been fixed for cemin vüieties; s OJ L 148. 30.6.1995'p 40' r n iäries of piices covering different periods md prcducts ue fixed each yeu.
Agrimonetary measures
75. In December 1994, after a detailed study of the operation of the agrimonetary arrangements as reformed two years previously, the Council agreed to adjust the whole system from 1 February 1995: 'fixed' (i) the agrimonetary concept of a currency was abolished, since it was no longer in accordance with the EMS des following the increase of the margin of fluctuation of currenciesto I5Vo in August 1993;
(ii) the mechanism introducing a green ecu was abolished mainly because its effects ran counter to the objectives of the reform of the CAP. The agricultural conversion rates were therefore reduced by around 20Vo (divided by 1.2O7509) and the prices and amounts in ecus to which the reduced rates applied were simultaneously increased by the same factor (multiplied by 1.207509); THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR 27
(iii) the, initially provisional, mechanism of a 5 point threshold, movable between - 2 and + 5, was adopted as a permanent measure, since the risks involved in increasing the EMS margin of fluctuation were the same as at the end of 1993: (iv) a monitoring period was introduced to permit confirmation of the monetary trend requiring revaluation of an agricultural conversion rate with a monetary gap exceeding 5Vo to pr€vent price reductions and possible Community compensation-Uutä on purel! short-term currency movements; (v) 'appreciable' in cases of revaluation, i.e. where the fall in prices could be greater than the increasesin prices caused by past devaluations, the Council must meet to decide on the measuresto be applied. These would concern, mainly to maintain compliance with the GATT agreement and budgetary discipline, the compänsation laid down for farmers and the size of the reduction in the agricultural conversion rate. They must not, however, leave a monetary gap of more than 5Vo.
7!. In the light of experience in 1993 and 1994, the agrimonetary arrangements for the single market were therefore revised so as to leave the adjustment of agriculiural conversion rates, to a certain extent, automatic in response to monetary developmints while increasing the possibility for the introduction of measuresbased on actual monetary developments anä the circumstances in which thev occur.
77. The fall of the dollar from ECU 0.80 in February1995 to ECU 0.75 in April of that year was accompaniedby a fall of almost 15Vo in the Italian lira leading to the destabilizationof most Communitycurrencies.
78. Following the devaluations, the agricultural conversion rate for the Italian lira was sharply increased. Those for the pound sterling, the Swedish krona and the Spanish peseta were also increased by a considerable amount. Those for the Irish pound unO ttre breek drachma were increased slightly.
79 The positive monetary gaps, corresponding to the appreciating currencies, exceededthe 5 point threshold for the Belgian franc, the Luxembourg iränc, ttre banish krone, the German mark, the Dutch guilder and the Austrian schilling.
80. Faced with a substantial risk of revaluation and the consequentcost to the Community, in t June 1995 the Council decided to allow the application of the adjustments to tüe agricultural conversion rates provided for under the eiisting arrangements. provision was qd also made for hoc compensation measures where that would lead to 'appreciable' revaluations.
I Regulation (EC) No t5z7/95 (oJ L t4g, 30.6.1995,p. l). 28 THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR
81. There were consequently a number of appreciable reductions in agricultural conversion rates in July 1995:
3.2Vo for the French franc and the Luxembourg franc,
2.2Vo for the German mark,
2.67a for the Dutch guilder,
2.3%o for the Austrian schilling,
3.IVo for the Danish krone.
82. In accordance with the Council Decisions adopted in June, for those currencies:
the conversion rate applicable before revaluation continues to apply for per-hectare aid, per-animal premiums and structural and environmental aid until 1 January 1999;
the Member States concerned can pay degressive aid for three years, half of the approved sums being financed by the European Union, irrespective of whether or not the Member State pays the additional contribution it is allowed to grant.
83. Agreement was also reached on the principle of a Council Regulation, subject to a- favourable opinion from Parliament, authorizing the payment of national aid in the event of losses of income caused by currency movements in other Member States. Such national aid must be based on real income losses and may not be paid for more than three years. It may not be granted without the Commission's agreement.
Promotional measures
84. Measures to promote quality beef and veal, milk and milk products, nuts, apples, citrus fruits and grape juice were continued in 1995. A new promotional campaign for fibre flax was launched during the year.
85. The examination of tenders for the sixth promotional campaign for olive oil is under wav.
86. Finally, the European Union made a financial contribution to the programme of measures to be applied as part of the first Coupe d'Europe des saveurs rögionales event- THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR 29
Consumerprotection and product quality
87. The Commission examined the proposals from the Member States on European protection of geographical indications and designations of origin recognizedby the Member States before the entry into force of the protection arrangem"nts, t in the light äf the opinion of the ad ftoc Scientific Committee. z The Committee was consulted on the meaning of tn" terms of the Regulation in the light of its recitals which set out, inter alia. the concerns of consumers such as:
the quest for specific products, in particular products with a definite geographical origin;
the provision of clear and succinct information which accurately informs them regarding that origin;
guarantees regarding production methods and origin.
88. On the basis of the information obtained from the competent authorities of the Member States,the Commission drew up a list of geographical indications and designations of origin for the decision on registration to be taken by the ad hoc Regulatory Committee.:
89. As regards the common agricultural policy, discussions were held on the general question of the desire of producers to make consumers aware of the quality of their präducts, whether traditional or not.
90. Account is taken of the different economic and social functions performed by agricultural producers for consumers so as to encourage them to exploit the synergies of those functions in a global approach to rural development.
Assistanceto the needy
91. In 1995, as in previous years, the European Union continued its food aid programme for a the needy. Since Germany, as last year did not participate in the programme, and as Austria, Finland and Sweden will not participate uniit tgÖe, ECU 200 million was made available from the Community budget to be allocated among the 11 other Member States to
legulation (EEC) No 2O8lt9Z(OJ L 208, 27.7.t992,p. t). Scientific Committeefor Designationsof origin, GeographicalIndications and Certificatesof Specific - g3t$Erlc Character commissionDecision of 2t:2.ig9i fofil-r-, 21.1.93,p. t6). Established by Article 15 of Regulation(EEC) No 2081/92(oJ L 20-s,27.7.1gg2, p. 1) and composedof representativesof the Member States. (EEC) !9g1gt_\esgtaqion N9 ?730/q7of r0.r2.r987, oJ L 3s2, r5.r2.rs}7, p. 1; and CommissionDecision 95/l69lECof 12.5.1995,OJ L ilO of 17.5.1995,p. 23. 30 THE AGRICULTURALYEAR assist the distribution of foodstuffs through social and charitable organizations.t The breakdown of this amount and the quantities which may be removed from intervention storage in each of the Member States are shown in the following table.
Free distribution of agricultural products (1995)
Quantities (tonnes) Appropriations Member State Skimmed- allocated (ECU) Common Durum Olive Rice milk Butter Beef oil wheat wheat powder
Belgique/Belgiö 3 040 000 3 000 300 200 600 Danmark 2 000 000 250 Elläda 20 160000 6 500 Espafla 46 94887 5 30 000 4 000 6 000 6 000 France 31 878r77 5 000 8 500 2 000 9 500 2 000 7 300 Ireland 6 r04 290 50 I 450 Italia 32 493342 20 000 r 500 3 000 4 080 Luxembourg 7s 000 20 25 15 15 Nederland 2 300000 100 450 Portugal 13 843964 1 850 1 850 | 200 | 214 1 000 1 500 2 500 United Kingdom 33 156352 7 100
Total 198 000 000 t 39 870 30350 3 200 13 214 t0 825 12 865 30 345
I The total. which amounts to ECU 200 million, includes ECU 2 million to finance intra-Community transport costs.
Harmonizationof legislation
Veterinary and zootechnical legislation
92. Major decisions have been adopted this year in the veterinary and zootechnical field. The Council adopted Directive 95l28tEC2 on the protection of animals during transport. The Council also adopted Decisions 95l4O9lEC,3 95l4l0tBc4 and 95l4lltBC s on tests for salmonella for consignments of certain animals and animal products to Finland and Sweden. In addition. Directive 64l433tEEC on trade in fresh meat and Directive 64l432tEEC
In October1995 the Councildecided that, with effect from the 1996 programme, if intervention stocks were too low to fulfil the needsof the programme,these organizations would be authonzed to buy foodstuffs on the open market. 2 OJ L 148,30.6.1995, p. 52. 3 OJL 243,11.10.1995, p.21. 4 OJ L 243,1 1 . 10. 1995, p. 25. 5 OJ L 243,11.10.1995, p. 29. THE AGRICULTURALYEAR 3I
on trade in bovine animals and swine were amended by Directives 95l23lECt and 95/25lEC2 respectively.
93. The Commission adopted a number of proposals for forwarding to the Council, in particular concerning meat products,3 protective measures againsi certain zoonoses,4 poultry and poultry meat 5 as well as the welfare of calves6.
94. In addition, under the powers allocated to it, the Commission adopted numerous implementing texts to supplement the measures laid down for the completion of the single It larket. also adopted numerous decisions to harmonize the conditions for the import-of fishery products and live bivalve molluscs and to finance measures to eradicate animal diseases and to curb their spread within the European Union, in particular classical swine fever in Germany, and foot-and-mouth disease in Greece. Protective measures were also taken to prevent the introduction of diseasesinto the European Union, in particular following the appearanceof foot-and-mouth disease in Russia and dourine in Mexico.
95. Negotiations continued with the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Switzerland for the conclusion of agreements on equivalence in the veterinary field.
96. The Commission took the initiative in organizing an important scientific conference on growth promoters in meat production, held in Brussels from 29 November to I December 1995. The aim of the conference was to assessthe current state of scientific knowledge on the use of growth promoters in livestock farming.
Phytosanitary and animal feedingstuffs legistation
Plant health
97. In the plant health sector the Commission adopted Directive gsl4OIECl recognizing certain'protected zones': these zones have been recognized as being exposed to particular plant health risks and accorded special protection. The Commission also adoprcd birective 95/44lEC8 detailing derogation provisions from the plant health regime for trials, scientific and varietal selection work.
1 OJ L 243, I1.10.1995,p. l. 2 OI L 243, I 1.10.1995,p. t6. 3 0J C 192, 26.7.1995. 4 OJ C 13, 18.1.1996,p.23. s OJ C 15, 20.1.1996,p. 13. 6 COM(96) 21 final. 7 OJ L 182, 2.8.1995,p. 14. 8 OJ L 184,3.8.1995, p. 34. 32 THE AGRICULTURALYEAR
98. During the year, the Commission adopted Decisions 95l382lBc,t 951383t8C2 and g5l3S4ßC; concJrning Community financial contributions to ongoing programmes for the control of organisms harmful to plants and plant products in the French overseas departments, Madeira and the Azores respectively. gg. The Council continued its examination of the Commission's earlier proposal aimed at introducing the principle of Community financial solidarity and Member States' liability into the plant health regime.
Seeds and propagating material
100. In the seedsand propagating material sector, discussions have almost been concluded in the Council on the Commission's proposala made, at the end of 1993, to amend and update the seven basic seeds marketing Directives, adopted between 1966 and 1970. No further progress can be made, however, until the Parliament gives its opinion.
101. In addition to the normal, routine Commission measuresadopted during the year, the Commission adopted Decision g5l232lBc5 organizing an experiment at Community level under Council Directive 6gl2OSlEECto establish the conditions to be satisfied by the seed of hybrids and varietal associations of swede rape and tumip rape.
102. The Council adopted two new decisions (95l5I3lEC and 95l514tEC)6 granting equivalence to a number of third countries in respect of agricultural seed and seed potatoes. Tüese decisions replaced the previous decisions which had been in force from 1985 to June t995.
Community plant variety rights
103. In the field of Community plant variety rights, the Commission adopted three implementing measuresunder basic Regulation (EC) No 2100194.7Two of them are linked to the functioning of the Community Plant Variety Office, an independent Community body 8 responsible for granting Community plant variety rights. Regulation (EC) No 1238/95 e est;blishes the fäes payable to the Office and Regulation (EC) No 1239195 set up the necessary implementing rules as regards proceedings before the Office. The third implement-
1 OJ L 231, 28.9.1995,p. 36. 2 OJ L 231, 28.9.1995,p. 43. 3 OJ L 231, 28.9.1995,p. 50. 4 OJ C 29,,31.1 .1994, p. 1. s OJ L 154, 5.7.1995,p. 22. 6 OJ L 296, 9.12.1995,pp. 3l and 34. 7 OJ L 227, 1.9.1994,p. l. s OJ L 121, 1.6.1995,p. 31. e OJ L l2l, 1.6.1995,p. 37. THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR 33
ing measure, Commission Regulation (EC) No 1768/95,1 concerns implementing rules on the agricultural exemption provided for in Article 14(3) of the baiic Regulätion; this exemption allows farmers to use farm-saved seed, without the consent of thä holder of a Community plant variety right, for propagating purposes on his holding, provided that the farmer pays an equitable remuneration to the holder. At present, it has noi been possible to fix the level of such remuneration in the absenceof common ground between the interested parties concerned; however, the level should be fixed by I July 1997 at the latest.
Plant protection products
104. The community regime for authorization of plant protection products, which came into force in July 1993, provides for Member States to authorize individual preparations under harmonized rules.
105. During the year further detailed data requirements to be applied by industry were adopted (Commission Directives 95/35/EC and g5/36/EC).2
106- The first phase of the re-evaluation programme of active substancesalready on the market before the implementation of the Community regime has been amended in order to integrate the designatedpublic authorities and the producirs of the three new Member States (Commission Regulation (EC) No 49I/95).3
Pesticide residues
107. on 17 July, the Council adopted two pesticide residue Directives (Council Directive 95/38lEC4 and' 95l39tEgs) which provide for the fixing of maximum pesticide residue levels in a wide range of agricultural products for seven additional pesticidbs not previously covered by Community legislation.
108. The Council also enlarged the range of products which may be covered in the future by legislation on pesticide residues to include spices.
109. A new residue proposal will be sent to the council in September.
Organic farming
110. With regard to organic farming, the commission adopted several implementing measuresunder basic Regulation (EEC) No 2092/9r; moreover, the council finalized its
t OJ L 173, 25.7.1995,p. 14. 2 OJ L 172, ").1 .1995,p. 6. OJ L ll2, ZZ.7.Igg5,p. g. 3 OJ L 49, 4.3.1995,p. 50. 4 OJ L 197,22.8.1995,p. 14. 5 OJ L 197,22.8.1995,p.29. 34 THE AGRICULTURALYEAR examination of the Commission's earlier proposal I to improve the regime's functioning in the light of the first year's experience and adopted amending Regulation (EC) No 1935t95.2
Food hygiene
111. In the hygiene field the Commission continued its examination of the question of excessive levels of nitrates in certain vegetables. After extensive deliberations, the Scientific Committee for Food delivered its opinion on 23 September. The discussions have been restarted on this basis.
Animal nutrition gslIllBc3 112. In the animal nutrition sector, the Commission adopted Directive amending Council Directive 87lls3lEEC fixing guidelines for the assessmentsof additives in animal nutrition (deposit of reference material in a culture collection recognized as an international depository authority under the Budapest Treaty). The Commission also adopted Directives g5l33t$C4 and 9513'7lEC5seeking to adapt the Annexes to Council Directives S2t4iItEEC and 701524/EEC respectively to the advances in scientific and technical knowledge (addition of new products to be used in animal nutrition). Furthermore, by Decision g5lZ74lEC6 the Commission specified the prohibition concerning the use of treated hide provided for in Commission Decision 9l/5I6tEEC. The Council, for its part, continued examination of the series of proposals made by the Commission in 1993 and 1994 to strengthen and update the legislation in this sector. These included proposals concerning a T modifieä procedure for the admission of certain classes of additives, the approval and registration of manufacturers,8 specific rules for raw materials used in feedingstuffse and the official inspection of feedingstuffs. l0
Veterinary inspection
113. Public healthinspections were caried out at establishmentsproducing fresh meatand meat products in bottr Member States and third countries and visits to check on the productionconditions for poultrymeatwere caried out in the Member States.
1 OJ L T59,,28.6.1994,p. 11. 2 0J L 186,5.8.1995,p. l. 3 0J L 106, 11.5.1995, p. 23. 4 0J L 167, 18.7.1995,p. l7 . s oJ L 172,22.7.1995, p. 21. 6 0J L 167, 18.7. 1995 , p. 24. 7 OJ C 2II, 5.8.1993,p. 21.OJ C 218,12.8.1993, p. 6. 8 0J C 348, 28.12.1993,p. 13. e oJ c 236, 24.8.1994,,p. 7. 100J c 313, 19.11.1993, p. 10. THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR 35
II4' In addition, work was continued on the establishment of Community conditions for of fishery imqorts products, with inspection visits being made to a number of third countries including Bangladesh, India, South Afüca, Namibia uoä Jupun. Visits were also made to the countries for which import conditions have been harmonizeä at Community level, in order to verify that those conditions were still being fulfilled.
II5. A visit to check on the production conditions for milk products was carried out in the three Baltic States.
116. In addition to routine animal-health inspections, visits were made to several Member States on account of the existence of classical swine fever in Germany, a prograrnme to eradicate swine vesicular disease in Italy, bovine spongiform encephalopathy-initre United Kingdom, prograrnmes to eradicate Brucella -"lit"nrir in Spain and Italy and foot- and-mouth disease in Greece.
117. The opportunity was taken during visits to Eastern Europe under the pHARE progralnme to check on the situation regarding animal health and uät"tinary inspection.
118' Visits were made to China and other Far Eastern countries to assessthe animal health situation for poultry and poultrymeat. A visit was made to the Moscow region following an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease
119' The establishment and amendment of lists of third countries recognized for the import of various animals and animal products continued as did work to the required animal health conditions and veterinary certification for the import of,"rtublirfr in particular, härses, poultry, poultrymeat, milk and milk products
120' Border inspection posts were checked to ensure their compliance with Community rules and the list of approved border inspection posts was drawn up.
121' Negotiations took place with the countries of Latin America and Eastern Europe for the conclusion of an agreement on the adjustment of the conditions of trade on a non-discriminatory basis in view of the special features of those countries.
Plant-health inspection
122' The abovementioned negotiations also covered plant health and, more particularly, plant quarantine.
123: Specialinspection visits weremade to the MemberStates, in particularwith reference to the monitoring of protectedzones, the issueof plant-healthpassports by Member States and the analysis of the situation in the EuropeanÜnion with iegara to various organisms 36 THE AGRICULTURALYEAR harmful to plants and plant products (potato brown rot, fire blight of rosaceae,rhizomania of beet, Thrips palmi of ornamental plants and vegetable plants, etc')'
124- As regards plant-health information, work continued on the vade-mecum for inspec- tors, with information being disseminated via the Europhyt plant-health information and notification network. Training sessions were organized for Member States' plant-health inspectors.
125. Plant-health measures adopted under the Poseidom and Poseima programmes were monitored on a regular basis anä proposals for pursuing those measures were made and accepted by the Member States.
126. Attention should be drawn to the reinforcement of checks carried out by the Community plant-health inspectorate on the procedures for inspections at the points of entry into the noiop"* Union carried out by Member States on plants and plant prodücts originating in ttrira countries and presenting serious risks of introducing harmful organisms intä the du.op"- Union (potato"t i-pott"d under derogations, wood of conifers imported from various countries, etc.).
127. At the same time, technical fact-finding visits were made to a number of third countries during the year (Slovenia, China, Japan, Russia, etc.) to study the plant-health products situation in those countries with regard to organisms harmful to plants and plant (potato ring rot, pine nematode vectors, the health of bonsai products, etc.).
State aids
128. The arrival of three new Member States changed the situation somewhat with regard to State aids. The Act of Accession laid down special procedures for a certain transitional period for aid existing in each new Member State at the time of accession.
12g. As laid down in the Act of Accession, before 30 April 1995 the new Member States notified the Commission of their existing agricultural aid schemes within the meaning of Article 93(1) of the EC Treaty. On 13 February 1995, the Commission adopted two Decisions approving the Austrian and Finnish programmes applying Articles 138 to 140 of for the Act of Äöcession providing for the payment of transitional and degressivenational aid agricultural products.
130. To date, the Commission has been able to approve most aid notified by the new Member States. It neverthelesshad to initiate the procedure provided for in Article 93(2) of the Treaty with regard to two Austrian aid schemes (a per-hectare or per-head premium for milk and heifers and a per-hectare premium for oilseeds, medicinal plants and culinary THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR 37
plants) which were considered to be operating aids, incompatible with the cornmon market and the Act of Accession.
131. Generally speaking, the Commission opposes national aid from all Member States which involves support measureslikely to disturb the mechanisms of the Community market and which, as operating aids, have no long-term effect on the development of the sector concerned.
132. The Commission adopted a final negative decision on an Italian aid scheme involving measuresin favour of agriculture in Sardinia. For the same reasons,the Commission initiated the procedure provided for in Article 93(2) of the EC Treaty with regard to several aid schemes: in France, publicity/promotional measures in the sheep-farming sector which did not appear to comply with the guidelines on national aid for publicity for agricultural 1 products; in ltaly, measures in Sicily relating to natural disastärs, which couid not be found to comply with Community criteria on national aid for natural disasters and certain aid schemes for the development of agriculture contained in a draft law of the Abruzzi region which were not eligible for any of the derogations laid down in Article 92 of the treaty.
133. In all casesof aid not compatible with the common market, the Commission adopted a strict approach to Member Statesin its decisions and used all the means placed at its disposal by the EC Treaty and the judgments of the Court of Justice.
134. The Commission has adopted a stricter attitude on compliance with the deadlines laid down for the application by Member States of Commission Deiisions and on the recovery of incompatible aid granted before a final decision from the Commission. It demands not oniy a commitment from the Member State concerned to recover the aid in question within ihe timelimit laid down but proof of its recovery. As part of the same upproaCh,in July 1995 the Commission decided for the second time to ask the Court of Justice to cancel a Council Decision authorizing, in view of exceptional circumstances,a French 'control aid scheme claimed to be to wine production' against which the Commission had initiated the procedure provided for in Article 93(2) of the EC Treaty in February. As regards similar aid gianted for the previous wine year, for which the initial application for cancälation had been submitted to the Court of Justice, the case (C-I22/94) was heard in Court on 19 September 1995.
135. As regards investment aid for primary production, and particularly the application of Article 12(1) of Council Regulation (EEC) No 2328lgI on improving ft" of agricultural structures,2 Community and national aid should in fuiure, ar f* as"fhci"ncy possiblä, be examined in parallel within the time-limits laid down for State aid. This procedure would permit one letter to be sent to the Member State concerned under Articles 92 and 93 of the Treaty and under Regulation (EEC) No Z3Z8l9l.
1 OJ C 272, 28:10 !986, p. 3 and OJ C 302, 12.tt.tgg7,, p. 6. 2 OJ L 218, 6.8.1991,p. l. 38 THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR
136. Under the procedure for the examination of State aid covered by Commission Regulation (EEC) No 2328191and Commission Regulation (EEC) No 2741189 of 11 Sep- tember 1989 in the wine sector,1 the Commission initiated the procedure provided for in Article 93(2) of the EC Treaty with regard to an aid scheme proposed by the Rhineland- Palatinate in Germany for the rationalization of hill wine-growing, for certain aspects of which the aid exceeded the authorized rates of aid laid down in Article 12(1) of Regulation (EEC) No 2328lgl- At the same time, the Commission adopted appropriate measures in accordance with Article 93(1) of the Treaty with regard to already existing aid in the same sector.
137. As regards investment aid for the improvement of the processing and marketing conditions for agricultural products, Community policy is laid down by Council Regulation (EEC) No 866190.2 This Regulation also authorizes Member States to introduce aid schemes.under various conditions, in accordancewith Articles 92 and 93 of the Treaty. They are restricted, however, by having to comply with selection criteria laid down in that Regulation and applied by the Commission by analogy when assessingState aid. Until 1994, 'sectoral thJselection criteria for these investments, known as limits', were laid down in Commission Decision 9Ol342lEEC of 7 June 1990.3 These were then amended by Commission Decision 94/173/EEC of 22 March 1994.4
138. In 1994. the Commission informed the Member States that it would continue to apply the sectoral limits laid down in point2 of the Annex to the Decision of 19905 for State aids. The Commission changed its position slightly in 1995 to apply the limits laid down in the Decision of 1994 in cases where they would be less strict.6 On completion of its preparatory work with the Member States, the Commission adopted the principle of applying the criteria laid down in its Decisi on of 22 March 1994 rather than those laid down in its Decision of 7 June 1990 to State aid from 1 January 1996.1
139. The Commission also adopted the principle of revising its policy on operating aid in agriculture. t
140. In the case of aid financed through parafiscal charges, the Commission is obliged to examine the mode of financing the aid at the same time as the aid itself. The Commission began a study of aid financed through parafiscal charges on products imported from third countries. The Commission's current practice is to approve such aid where the products
1 OJ L 264, 12.9.1989,p. 5. 2 OJ L 9I,26.4.1990,p. 1. 3 OJ L 163,,29.6.1990, p. 71. 4 OJ L J9, 23.3.1994,p. 29. 5 OJ C 189, 12.1.1994,, p. 5. 6 OJ C 71, 23.3.1995,p. 6. 7 Letter of 20 October 1995 to the Member States. 8 Letter of 20 October 1995 to the Member States. THE AGRICULTURAL YEAR 39
imported from third countries also benefit. The purpose of the study is to analyse such measuresin the context of the common customs tariff and the European Union's international commitments.
141. Following the adoption by the Council of Regulation (EC) No 2611195providing for the possibility of national aid being granted in compensation for losses of agricultural income caused by monetary movements in other Member Statesr, the Commission raised no objection to a special aid scheme in France to compensate for income losses sustained by cattle farmers as a result of monetary disturbancesin spring 1995. The Commission took the view that the aid complied fully with the above-mentioned Regulation.
142. As regards the relationship between the common agricultural policy and other Community policies in the application of competition rules, it is useful to look at the case of aid for biofuels. The Commission examined aid for biofuels in Belgium, France and Italy. In Belgium, the aid was for the production of winter rape and took the form of per-hectare premiums and a price guarantee; in France and Italy, tax measures to help biofuels were introduced to complement national aid for the basic products. The Commission initiated the procedure provided for in Article 93(2) of the EC Treaty with regard to all these measures which, in several respects,infringed Article 95 of the Treäty, the Rigulations on the common organization of the markets in question and Council Regulati,on (EEC) No 1765192 establishing a support system for producers of certain arablJ crops.2
143. This position does not call into question the Community's policy of encouraging the development of biofuels. The Commission wishes to stress, howäver,-that that policican only be applied in accordancewith the basic rules laid down in the Treaty and the provisions ft" corlmon 9l agricultural policy which prohibit, in particular, any tax measure which discriminates on the basis of the national origin of the products concerned and State aid restricted to products produced on set-aside land.
oJ L 269, 10.11.1995. oJ L lgl, 1.7.lgg2,p. t2.
ll - Economicsituation and farm incomes
General overview
144. The improvement in the economic situation of farming in the Community, noted last year, continued and was further strengthenedin 1995, although not to the same extent in all areas of production or in all regions of the European Union. The situation remains quite critical in some sectors which are faced with market imbalance or stagnation, o, u decline, in consumption. This is so particularly in the cattle sector. Secondly, while weather"uän conditions for farming have been fairly satisfactory this year in most areas of continental Europe, at least in so far as winter crops are concerned, the same cannot be said regarding many areas of the Meditejranean, in particular alarge part of the Iberian peninsula which has had to cope with exceptionally high temperatures and prolonged droughi for the fourth year running.
145. Like last year, several factors seem to have played a decisive role in this generally fairly favourable trend in the economic situation of farming in the Community in 1995:
(a) the implementation and completion of the reform of the CAP over the last three years. This has meant the introduction of support mechanisms for farming that are more effective both in terms of controlling production and of providing security and stability of income in certain sectors of production such as cereals and beef. The receipt of compensatory aid by farmers helped lessen, if not offset, the impact on incomes of the drop in production and the fall in institutional and market prices;
O) the spectacular improvement in certain agricultural markets thanks mainly to better checks on the growth of production and the massive disposal of intervention stocks which had built up prior to the reform of the CAP. For example, stocks of cereals at the start of 1995196barely reached 6.2 million tonnes, as against 17.0 million tonnes in late June 1994 and 29.8 million tonnes in June 1993. Stocks of beef amounted to less than 20 000 tonnes in September 1995, as against 235 000 tonnes in September 1994 and more than one million tonnes in June 1993: 42 ECONOMIC SITUATION AND FARM INCOMES
(c) the effects on the internal market of the gradual rise in world prices in 1995 for some foodstuffs, especially cereals, together with the upturn in world demand and the cut-back in production in the main producer countries;
(d) the improvement in the general economic situation owing to the continuing economic recovery in the Union is a whole, the upturn in private consumption and the first indications of an improvement in the job market.
146. It should be underlined however that not all sectors ofproduction have benefited from these positive factors and that some of them, by contrast, have faced a deterioration in their viability. Leaving aside the damage to crops as a result of the dramatic water ""ono.oi"shortage and the excessive and violent rainfall in some regions at the en! of summer, the situation of farming was affected also by the rise in some production costs' ""o.ro-i"Fertilizer prices in particular showed a very considerable increase,due to the combined effect of a rise in demand and a cut-back in supplies at European level.
147. Another factor which played a decisive role in the trend of the situation of farming in 1995 was the monetary one.-After a relative easing of the situation on the currency markets in 1994, from February 1995 the fall of the dollar was accompaniedby a fall of almost 15 % in the Italian lira in one quarter, triggering destabilization of most Community currencies. As a result of the ensuing devaluations,-anumber of agricultural conversion rates were adjusted upwards, with an inevitable positive impact on prices in national currency in the Member Siates concerned. This occurred particularly in ltaly, where the agricultural conversion rate was devalued by around 16Zobetween 1 February and 15 April 1995, in the United Kingdom and Sweden. where the devaluations were around 6Vo, and in Spain, where the conversion rate was devalued by some 4Vo. Smaller devaluations were applied also in the case of the kish pound and the'Greek drachma. It should be pointed out, however, that since mid-April the exchange rates for most of these currencies have returned to levels closer to their earlier ones and the agricultural conversion rates have thus been adjusted downwards. The positive effect of these devaluations on prices in national currency has been of limited duration therefore.
l4B. The devaluation of these currencies, furthermore, in particular the Italian lira, led also to an increase in the value of others. The agricultural conversion rates were reduced therefore at the beginning of July by around 2 to 3Vo in the Benelux, Germany, Austria and Denmark' However, in order to lessen the impact of these revaluations on incomes, the conversion rates applied previously will continue to apply to compensatory aids inffoduced under the reform oi ttt" CAp and to structural and environmental aids. In addition, the Member States in question may grant aid that reduces over three years. Together these currency fluctuations have had a not inconsiderable impact also on the competitiveness of agricultural exports from certain Member States, leading ltt to-" cases to significant changes in agricultural trade between Member States of the European Union. ECONOMIC SITUATION AND FARM INCOMES 43
Production levels and price trends
149. Community cereal production for 1995 is estimated at approximately 174 million tonnes (162 million tonnes for EUR 12), which is virtually the same as in 1994. The relatively unchanged harvest is due, firstly, to a rise of just over 2Vo in the area sown to cereals and, secondly, to a corresponding fall in yields.
150. The reason for the increase in the sown area this year (about 900 000 hectares more than in 1994) is essentially twofold:
(a) the 3 Vo rcduction in set-asideapplicable in 1995/96. The rise in the sown area was more significant still in Sweden and Finland where the fall in the level of set-asidewas greater as a result of the accession of those countries to the Community;
O) the conversion of part of the area under oilseeds to cereals as a result of the reduction in the aid for oilseeds adopted on account of the ovemrn of the base area in some Member States.
151. The area sown to cereals rose appreciably in the united Kingdom, Denmark, Germany, Sweden and Finland but fell in Austria, portugal and Greece.
152. In so far as yields are concerned, it should be noted firstly that those for 1994 werc revised upwards compared with the original estimates. The relative drop in yields (from 5.0 to 4.9 tlhectare) in 1995 compared with the previous year has to be seen therefore in the light of this adjustment. In addition, it is due mainly to the decline in yields in Spain, as a resuliof the drought which afflicted the major part of the Iberian Peninsula during the growing season for the fourth year running. By contrast, yields in other Member States rose appieciably, particularly in Northern Europe.
153. Under the CAP reform, the intervention prices for cereals in ecus were reduced for the first time (by 24.8Vo for common wheat andmaize,by 44.3Vo for durum wheat and by 2O.9Vofor other cereals) on 1 July 1993, for the second time (by 7.7 Vo for all cereals) on i Iuly 1994, and for the third time (by 7.4Vo for all cereals) on 1 July 1995. These reductions were offset by compensatory payments per hectare on the basis of the historical yield of each region.
154. In a situation of structural surplus, like that obtaining prior to the reform, market prices tended to become aligned on the intervention prices, short-term fluctuations aside. Since the implementation of the reform, market prices have been affected by many factors, which have sometimes caused them to become considerably out of step with int-ervention 44 ECONOMIC SITUATION AND FARM INCOMES prices. In general market prices have reflected, although with a delay, reductions in the intervention prices adopted under the reform. However, these reductions were partly neutralized on the different markets, either by the successive devaluations of certain green rates, by the reduction in surplusesfollowing the drop in production and the massive disposal of intervention stocks, or by. other factors (quality of the harvest, quantities withheld by producers or collecting organizations, improvements in prices on the international market, ätc.). Rt the end of September 1995, for example, the prices for common wheat were l0 to "2OVo higher than the intervention price in France, Belgium, Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, Austria and Sweden, 30 to 40 7o higher in ltaly and 40 to 5OVohigher in Spain and Greece.
155. As mentioned above, the area sown to oilseeds in 1995 was down overall on the previous year as a result of the cut in compensatory aid in 1994195decided on following the ou"ttrn of the maximum guaranteed ar:eain certain Member States (Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Ireland, Spain and Portugal).The drop in sown areas was particularly significant in the case of oilseeds grown for food uses (about lOVo on aYerage,with drops of more than !5Vo, or even 30Vo, in a number of Member States). The drop was partially neutralized, however, by the spectacular increase in the areas sown to oilseeds for non-fooo uses (up 54Vo on 1994 for all oilseeds and more than TOVofor rape). Most of these areas consist of land left fallow as a result of the CAP reform. Overall production of oilseeds is expected to be around 11.5 million tonnes in 1995, i.e. slightly down on last year. Those grorvn for non-food uses should increase from 1.4 to 2.4 million tonnes, a rise of around 6l%o in one year.
156. After falling sharply in 1994, sugar production rose slightly in 1995 (+3.6Vo on average for the European Union as a whole) as a result of a slight increase in the areasunder beet and a small rise in sugar yields, which nevertheless remain below those of 1993.
157. The Community wine harvest, provisionally estimated at around 154 million hl for the third year running, will be considerably less in 1995 than it was in 1992 or even in 1993 when the harvest was relatively modest. Production is down in most of the producer countries becauseof poor weather conditions and, in certain cases,the drop in planted areas. The combination of these factors together with the elimination by distillation of surpluses that had built up in earlier years has meant that a situation of relative equilibrium has been achieved in recent years on the market in wine which, even if it is still too uncertain, has nevertheless succeededin having an impact on prices. In the majority of producer countries the prices for red wine in national currency at the end of September were considerably higher than at the same time the year before (+367o in ltaly, +lo7o in France and +2IVo in Spain). ECONOMIC SITUATION AND FARM INCOMES 45
158. Milk production in 1995 is estimated to be very slightly up on the previous year (+O.3Vo) as a result of a reduction in the dairy herd and an increase in yields. Deliveries to dairies are expected to remain virtually unchanged, at last year's level, for the European Union as a whole. The drop in butter production noted in recent years continued in 1995 ( - 40 000 tonnes compared with 1994). Butter production has fallen therefore by around 450 000 tonnes since the beginning of the 1990s. By contrast, cheeseproduction continues to rise ( + 1.9 Voin 1995 compared with 1994) as a result of increasing consumption. The fall in butter production, together with the almost total exhaustion of public intervention stocks, has pushed up prices on the butter market. In almost all the Member States these were above the intervention price at the end of September 1995. Over the first 10 months of 1995 butter prices rose on average by 9.4Vo on account also of the conjunction of a number of positive factors on the world market (lower production in some exporting countries and rising demand in some importing countries, etc).
159. After several years of cyclical fall, that has been aggravatedtoo by other more specific factors (such as the abnormally high level of production in 1991 as a result of massive imports from the countries of Eastem Europe and the tendency of some producers to keep animals on the farm with a view to increasing their reference herd in the first year of application of the reform of the CAP), beef and veal production in 1995 began the upward phase of the cycle. This year it is expected to rise by around 3 Vo after a fall of more than 4 7o in 1994.
160. Intervention prices for beef were reduced by 6.2Vo at the beginning of July 1993, by 5.3Vo at the beginning of July 1994 and by 5.6 Vo at the beginning of July 1995. These institutional price reductions were partially reflected in the market prices. However, actual reductions were as a de less than those in the institutional prices because of the drop in production in recent years and the substantial reduction in intervention stocks. There has also been an additional impact on prices in national culrency resulting from the monetary adjustments since September 1992. Despite these factors, 1995 has seen a fairly major drop in the market prices for adult bovine animals, especially in the first half of the year. This worsening of the market must be seen against the recovery of production and probably also the stagnation, or even fall, in demand.
161. For the second year running, pigmeat production is estimated to be slightly down on the previous year ( - O.4Vp),in line with the drop in the pig herd for the European Union as a whole. As a result, pigmeat prices firmed up throughout the year, with the exception of a setbackinMayandJune. InAugust lgg5theywereonaverage I}Vohigher thantheyhad been the previous year, with peaks of more than 2ovo in some Member States. 46 ECONOMIC SITUATION AND FARM INCOMES
162. In 1995 poultrymeat production is expectedto rise by around 3 7o, after an increaseof 3.5 7o last year. Prices have remained considerablybelow those for 1994. A relative increase in market prices, although short-lived, took place in mid-year.
163. The slight drop in the production of sheepmeat and goatmeat in 1994 (-0.6Vo) continued in 1995 (-O.5Vo). Average prices in ecus at the end of September 1995 were around 2Vo lowet than at the same time the previous year'
Producer prices
164. On the basis of information available on 15 November, it is estimated that the index of nominal producer prices for all agricultural products increasedby averagesof 3.5Vo for E-UR 12 and2.7 Va for EUR 15 in 1995 compared with the previous year. This correspondsto falls of 0.3 and l.lVo respectively in real prices. It should not be forgotten in this connection that since 1993 the support prices for certain products (in particular cereals and beef) have decreasedeach year and that producers have instead received increasing compensatory aids, which are not taken into account in the producer price index. It should also be pointed out with regard to the three new Member States that, as a result of accession to the European Union, support prices in many sectorshave been substantially cut to bring them into line with those applicable in the rest of the EU. The fall has been particularly marked in Finland and Austria, whereas Sweden had already undertaken a partial alignment before accession.
165. Compared with 1994, the producer price index for crop products increased in real terms by an average of l.5Vo for EUR 15 (2.OVofor EUR 12). However, the situation varies considerably from one product to another. In the cereals sector, real producer prices remained more or less unchanged ( - 0.7 Eoon average),those for fresh vegetablesfell by an averageof 4.4Vo. while the decreasewas over 5 Vo for oilseeds. On the other hand, potato prices rose by nearly 8 Vo inreal terms, wine prices by over 10 Vo,freshfruit3.7 Vo and olives and olive oil 9.4Vo.
166. The producer price trend was, generally speaking, less satisfactory for livestock products. It iell, in real terms, by 3.6 Eo on average,with decreasesof as much as 12.5 Vo for äggs, 9.5 Vo for poultry, 8.4Vo for cattle and 5.5 % for sheep and goats. The only sector in EUR 15 which showed an upward trend was pigmeat, for which prices rose by an average of 3.5Vo in real terms.
167. In 1995 the general producer price index, in real terms, showed an upward trend in Spain( +l.5Vo),Italy (+ L5Vo) andthe United Kingdom (+3.l%o) and a downwardone in Belgium (-4.5vo), Germany(-3.6Vo),Luxembourg ( -4.4Vo), the Netherlands(- 4.2Vo) and also in Sweden(-4.lVo), Austria (-23'6Vo) and Finland (-26.6Vo). ECONOMIC SITUATION AND FARM INCOMES 47
Changes in nominal producer prices of agricultural products in 1994 and 1995 (vo)
1995t94 r994t93 Member State Crop Livestock Crop Livestock Total Total products products products products
EUR 12 6.4 0.4 3.5 7.1 r.3 4.1 EUR 15 5.9 - 0.4 2.7 7.0 r.2 3.9 Belgique/Belgiö - 4.2 - r.9 - 2.7 11.5 - 1.0 3.6 Danmark 4.6 0.3 1.8 2.8 0.6 r.4 Deutschland - 3.2 - 1.0 - r.6 9.0 - 0.7 2.0 E11äda tt.4 4.9 9.5 t4.l 13.2 13.8 Espafla 9.8 1.0 6.5 12.6 7.6 10.6 France 2.0 - 1.8 0.6 0.1 - 1.0 - 0.5 Ireland 15.3 r.2 2.9 - 0.9 1.6 1.3 Italia 9.9 2.9 6.8 4.6 2.1 3.6 Luxembourg - 4.2 - 1.9 - 2.7 2.7 - 1.6 - 1.0 Nederland - 4.7 - 0.6 - 2.5 rt.7 - 1.1 4.4 Österreich - 18.4 - 22.4 - 2r.5 3.9 0.0 0.9 Portugal 13.8 - r.9 4.5 2t.2 3.5 12.4 Suomi/Finland - 32.3 - 22.4 - 25.3 - 1.7 0.3 - 0.3 Sverige 5.9 - 3.4 - 1.0 8.0 r.9 3.4 United Kingdom 12.6 2.3 6.2 3.0 - 0.7 0.7
Source.' Eurostat.
Deflated input price indices (1990= 100)
1995t94 t990 t99l 1992 r993 1994 r995 (%o)
EUR 12 100.0 96.0 88.4 83.6 85.1 84.8 - 0.3 EUR 15 100.0 95.5 88.6 83.8 85.1 84.2 - 1.1 Belgique/Belgiö 100.0 98.1 92.3 83.8 84.8 80.9 - 4.5 Danmark 100.0 96.2 92.8 80.0 79.4 79.0 - 0.5 Deutschland 100.0 96.r 90.2 80.3 80.0 t7 .2 - 3.6 Elläda 100.0 101.9 93.3 85.3 87.9 87.8 - 0.1 Espafla 100.0 94.8 83.2 84.1 89.0 90.3 1.5 France 100.0 97.3 88.0 82.3 80.8 79.8 - 1.2 Ireland r00.0 93.4 9r.9 96.7 95.9 95.9 0.0 Italia r00.0 102.8 89.8 87.8 87.9 89.3 1.5 Luxembourg . 100.0 89.6 82.5 78.1 83.t 80.0 - 4.4 Nederland 100.0 100.8 92.1 83.5 84.4 80.8 - 4.2 Österreich 100.0 97.l 92.5 85.7 84.8 64.8 - 23.6 Portugal 100.0 87.0 73.6 68.6 12.6 72.6 0.0 Suomi/Finland 100.0 92.8 89.9 87.9 86.6 63.6 - 26.6 Sverige 100.0 90.2 86.2 80.6 81.5 78.2 - 4.1 United Kingdom 100.0 93.8 91.9 94.5 92.8 95.1 3.1
Source.' Eurostat. 48 ECoNoMIC SITUATIoN AND FARM INCoMES
Input prices
168. The index of purchase prices for staple goods and services in agriculture in the European Union as a whole is estimated to have risen by 2.5 7o in nominal terms in 1995.
169. Apart from feedingstuffs, which were 1 Vo cheaper on average, and crop-protection products, whose prices remained more or less unchanged, all agricultural input prices rose in nominal terms. Above-average increases were recorded in particular for seeds (+6.0Vo), breeding livestock (+4.27o), equipment and small tools (+5.3Vo) and, above all, for fertilizers, for which average prices rose by 9.6Vo.
170. The deflated indices fell by 0.8Vo overall for EUR 15, although there were decreases of the order of l.7%o for energy, 3.47o for crop-protection products and 4.3Vo fot feedingstuffs. Meanwhile, the prices of most other intermediate consumption items increased, with a peak of +6.l%o in real terms for fertilizers.
171. Above-averagedecreases were recorded in Belgium (-2.4Vo), Denrnark (-2.37o), Greece (-3.7Vo), Luxembourg ( -2.3Vo), the Netherlands(-2.OVo), Austria (-1.4Vo), Portugal (-2.3Vo) and Finland (-23.9Vo). On the other hand, purchaseprices for staple goods and servicesin agricultureincreased in real terms in Spain ( +O.4Va),Italy (+2.8Vo) and Sweden(+2.2Vo).
Trends in farm incomes
172. The final figures for farm incomes will not be known until some time in 1996. 1 The only underlying factor explaining the trend in farm incomes for which preliminary estimates are already available for 1995 is the 'agricultural price spread' (the producer price index: intermediate consumption index ratio). This improved somewhat in Denmark, Spain, keland, Portugal and, to a greater extent, in Greece and the United Kingdom. On the other hand, it appears to have deteriorated in all the other Member States and more particularly in the three new ones (Austria, Finland and Sweden)
'Statistics 1 Eurostat has published estimates,however, in its series in focus ECONOMIC SITUATION AND FARM INCOMES 49
Changes in nominal agricultural input prices in 1994 and 1995 (vo)
Intermediate consumption Investment Total (goods and services) (goods Member State and services) t995t94 r994t93 1993t92 1995t94 r994t93 1993t92 r995t94 r994t93 1993t92
EUR 12 2.9 0.8 1.8 2.9 3.1 3.9 2.9 1.4 2.3 EUR 15 2.5 t.7 1.7 2.6 3.r 3.8 2.5 1.3 2.3 Belgique/Belgiö - 0.5 - 0.3 - l.l 3.4 2.2 3.9 0.0 0.0 - 0.4 Danmark 0.0 - 2.4 - 0.4 5.7 0.7 2.0 1.1 0.1 - 1.7 Deutschland 1.6 1.0 - 1.7 1.3 1.4 3.r 1.5 1.1 - 0.5 Elläda 5.6 6.6 t2.3 11.2 7.8 14.8 6.8 6.8 12.8 Espafra 5.3 2.4 2.7 5.5 4.7 4.2 5.4 3.0 3.1 France 1.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 2.0 1.8 2.3 r.3 0.2 0.3 Ireland 2.3 0.9 0.0 4.7 3.6 2.8 2.9 1.6 0.6 Italia 8.1 1.2 1.6 2.6 3.6 4.5 5.2 2.4 6.0 Luxembourg - 0.5 - 0.5 - 0.6 3.4 t.2 3.3 0.0 0.3 1.1 Nederland - 0.2 - 0.9 - 2.2 - 2.0 0.5 r.6 - 0.7 - 0.6 - t.2 Österreich r.4 - 2.3 0.9 - 0.4 2.0 3.5 1.2 - 0.4 2.0 Portugal 2.0 0.8 - 1.1 6.5 9.8 3.3 2.9 2.3 - 0.4 SuomilFinland - 22.6 - 3.7 1.5 - 14.6 3.3 2.5 - 20.1 - 1.7 1.8 Sverige 5.5 T.9 - 0.5 6.4 4.9 5.8 5.7 2.7 1.0 United Kingdom 2.3 - 0.1 4.8 3.8 3.4 3.6 2.5 0.4 4.6
Source: Eurostat.
Deflated input price indices (staple goods and services in agriculture) (1990= 100)
1990 r99l 1992 1993 1994 ,1995 1995t94 (%;o)
EUR 12 100.0 97.5 94.7 92.6 90.8 90.4 - 0.4 EUR 15 100.0 97.7 95.1 92.7 90.8 90.0 - 0.9 Belgique/Belgiö 100.0 97.1 94.5 91.0 88.6 86.5 - 2.4 Danmark 100.0 92.6 89.9 88.4 88.9 86.9 - 2.3 Deutschland 100.0 98.8 96.8 91.4 90.2 89.9 - 0.4 Elläda 100.0 r04.7 103.5 101.5 97.4 93.8 - 3.7 Espafra 100.0 96.3 90.8 89.2 88.0 88.4 0.4 France 100.0 97.6 95.1 93.r 9t.2 90.6 - 0.7 Ireland 100.0 97.3 94.3 92.9 91.7 9t.2 - 0.6 Italia 100.0 95.9 92.8 9s.6 93.1 95.7 2.8 Luxembourg 100.0 100.4 97.3 93.3 87.5 85.5 - 2.3 Nederland 100.0 96.9 95.1 90.7 87.3 85.6 - 2.0 Österreich 100.0 98.7 96.2 92.0 88.8 87.5 - r.4 Portugal 100.0 94.2 88.l 81.8 75.8 74.0 - 2.3 Suomi/Finland r00.0 101.2 100.4 99.7 95.I 72.4 - 23.9 Sverige 100.0 95.4 92.9 88.4 88.1 90.0 2.2 United Kingdom 100.0 97.9 97.3 100.3 97.8 97.1 - 0.7
Source.' Eurostat.
173. It is worth pointing out, however,that this indicator has lost some of its economic significance since the entry into force of the CAP reform, by reasonof the introduction of compensatoryaids in retum for the cuts in institutionalprices under the reform. Theseaids, 50 ECoNOMIC SITUATION AND FARM INCOMES
'subsidies' which are included under in the agricultural economic accounts now constitute a key component in the formation of agricultural incomes, at least as far as cereals and beef are concemed. A further rise is expected for this item in 1995, parallel to the increase in the 'reform' compensatory aids applicable in the 1995196marketing year.
174. Even if it is too early to draw up the balance sheet for the 1995 farming year, as far as farm incomes are concerned all the information available to the Commission at present points to a positive trend for European farmers as a whole, albeit with sometimes very marked contrasts between Member States (or even between regions) and from one production sector to another. Generally speaking, incomes can be expected to increase in those production sectors which have experiencedrelatively more favourable market conditions, whether thanks to better control of production as a result of the CAP reform (cereals,for instance) or because of other factors (as in the case of wine, olive oil or fruit). On the other hand, if pigmeat, which continued to become more profitable in 1995 as producer prices improved and feed prices fell, is excluded; the trend tends to be somewhat negative for most lines of livestock production, and in particular for eggs and poultry, sheep and goats and cattle farming, although in this sector the negative impact of the fall in producer prices has been largely offset by the increase in the level of premiums.
175. If these first impressions of the trend for 1995 are confirmed, there should be a new improvement in farm incomes in most of the Member States,following on a very distinct and fairly general improvement in 1994. This would merely consolidate the trend observed in the short and the long term for the European Union as a whole. Despite the deterioration recorded during the period 1985 to 1987, the level of farm income per annual work unit is currently well above that seen in the early 1980s. The net value added at factor cost per '1981' annual work unit rose by l7.3Vo between (i.e. the averagefor 1980, 1981 and 1982) and'1993' (average for 1992, 1993, and 1994), making an annual average rate in real terms of I.3Vo. This result is largely due to the considerable reduction in the farming labour force since the early 1980s (-2.8Vo per year in terms of full-time labour units) and consequently, to increased labour productivity.
176. The productivity of intermediate consumption, on the other hand, and also the agricultural price spread, have been stable for a long time, with a slight downward trend in recent years. The introduction of compensatory aids to offset the institutional price cuts under the CAP reform has, to a large extent, cancelled out the negative effects of this development on incomes over the past three years.
177. It should be bome in mind that the farming industry in the EU is made up of a huge number of holdings (some eight million of them) and the situation therefore varies greatly between Member States and, within individual countries, between regions and between different types of farming. Figure 3 shows the trend in farm incomes in the individual Member States since 1980 (figures not available for the three new Member States). This graph only gives a very rough idea, however, of the differences in income that can exist within the industry. ECONOMIC SITUATION AND FARM INCOMES 51
178. The level and breakdown of farm incomes by holding largely depend, of course, on the structure of agricultural production. The following paragraphs give a more detailed analysis of income disparities within Community agriculture.
Net value added ' pgr personemployed 2 (NVA/AWU) in agriculture 1990= 'l00 *
130
EUR12
70 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
1 At factorcost in real terms (deflatedby GDP implicitprice index). 2 Measuredin annualwork units. * Indices:1990-91 = 100,for lggo onwards. Source;Eurostat - Sectorialincome index.
Figure2
Farm accountancy data network (FADN)
179. Output, costs and incomes of commercial farmst in the ElJ2 are calculated from observed data collected in a survey of harmonized farm accounts3. This provides valuable
I Farms which market the bulk of their production and have a minimum level of economic activity. z Results refer to EUR 12 and are not yet available for EUR 15. 3 Known as the farm accountancy data network (FADN). About 70 000 farms are surveyed in EUR 15, and they cover EU production representing over 90Vo of the total value added in primary agricultural production. 52 ECONoMIC SITUATION AND FARM INCOMES
Net value addedt p9t personemployed 2 (NVA/AWU) in agriculture 1990=100*
130 130
Belgique/Belgiö 110
90 90 90
70 70 70 198419861988 1990 1992 1994 1984 1986 1988 1990 19921994 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 130 130 130 Elläda
110 110
\ ^lU 90 90 LJv
tl 70 70 19841986 1988 1990 1992 1994 19841986 1988 1990 1992 1994 19841986 1988 1990 1992 1994 130 130 130 Luxembourg
110 110 110
90 90 90
70 70 70 19841986 1988 1990 1992 1994 19841986 1988 1990 1992 1994 19841986 1988 1990 1992 1994 130 130 130
110 110 110
90 90 90
United Kingdom 70 70 70 '1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994
1 At factor cost in realterms (deflatedby GDP implicitprice index). 2 Measuredin annual work units. * Indices:1990-91 =100, for 1990onwards. Source:Eurostat - Sectorialincome index. Figure 3 ECONOMIC SITUATION AND FARM INCOMES 53 information about the variation of incomes on farms, which is hidden behind global averages in the results for the agricultural sector as a whole. In this section variations according to production type are presented.
180. Although estimatesare madewhere data are not yet available,only observedresults are presentedhere. All resultsare calculatedin real terms.At the time of editing resultsfor some countrieswere not yet availableor only partially available.'l
Incomes by üpe of farming (Figure 4)
181. The large differences in average income for the different production types which persist are part of the structure of EU agriculture. Farming types typical of the most commercial and competitive sectors of production (pigs and/or poultry, horticulture and dairying) habitually show the highest average incomes. Arable farms - although they include large-scale cropping farms - also include many smaller mixed cropping holdings found particularly in southern Europe. This explains the lower average income compared 'mixed' 'other with the aforementioned production types. The and permanent crop' types - the former mixes of crop and livestock production and the latter mixes of different cropping activities - show lower than averase incomes.
182. In the 1993/94 accounting year - the first year of implementation of the 1992 CAP reform - average farm incomes fell by 67o in real terms relative to 1992193.However, increasesin income were observed for the production types most affected by the 1992 reform of the CAP. The average income of a commercial farm in 1993194stood at between ECU 13 000 and ECU 14 000. However, the top 2OVoof farms had an average income as high as ECU 42 000, and the bottom 2OVa as low as ECU 4 000.
183. There was a large variation also in income trends as between the different farm types. Incomes of arable, horticulture, dairy and drystock farms - which account for over 60Vo of the value of output of commercial farms - rose moderately (by between 4Vo for drystock and 10 Vo for arable). Incomes of pigs and/or poultry farms dropped substantially to about l5%o of their 1992/93 income level. The farm types with permanent crops (including vineyards) also suffered large falls in income in that year. The average income of mixed farms fell bv lOVo.
I Results are unweighted for Italy, Greece and Spain. No results are given for Germany or the UK. 54 ECoNoMIC SITUATIoN AND FARM INCoMES
Realincome per farm by type of farming Familyfarm income (FFl)
250- o o tl 2oo- cr) O) ffi 1ee2le3 c\I O) 1ee3/e4 o) ffi 150- o (üo) o (ü U' E (u (ü x o o s ffi ffi öf, s-'d i "s dd "-"
Source;EU-FADN, DG Vl/A3.
Figure 4
The first year of the 1992 reform of the common agricultural policy
184. Although the reform has been gradually introduced over the three years 1993194 to 1995196,the first observed effects for the Union can be seen in the results for 1993194. Essentially there is a transfer from market prices (reflected in lower value of farm output before subsidy) to direct payments. Figures 5 and 6 show the trends in these two indicators between 1992193 and 1993194. ECONOMIC SITUATION AND FARM INCOMES 55
185. For all productiontypes combined,the value of output fell by about ECU 3 500, whilst net public receipts(all grantsand subsidies,including national aids and compensation payments,less productiontaxes) increased by about F;CU 2 400. Of course,the 'all types' group includes many farms and products not affected by the reform.
186. The production types targeted most by the reform were arable and drystock (mainly beef and sheep production) farms, and also mixed farms, becauseof the importance of these production lines on those farms. Arable farms appear to have been well compensated (with an average fall in output of ECU 4 400 against an increase of ECU 5 100 pbr farm in net public receipts). For the average drystock farm, a fall in output of an average ECU 850 was largely compensatedby an additional ECU 750 net public receipts.
Net public receiptsper farm
All farms
Arable
Horticulture o) .g Vineyards E N 1ee2le3 (6 Permanent crops W m 1ee3/e4 o o Dairy o- Es\IS_ F Drystock Pigslpoultry
Mixed -1 000 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
ECU (1993values)
SourceiEU-FADN, DG Vl/A3.
Figure 5 56 ECONoMIC SITUATIoN AND FARM INCoMES
Output(value) per farm, beforesubsidy
All farms ffi Arabte ffi Horticulture o) .s vineyards E ffi (u Permanentcrops WOutput beforesubsidy 1gg2/gg ffi o o Dairy B| Outputbefore subsidy 1993/94 o- F Drystockffi Pigs/poultry Mixedffi 0 50 000 100 000 150000 200000 250000
ECU (1993values)
Source;EU-FADN, DG Vl/A3.
Figure 6
187. According to 1993194figures, the value of public receipts asa share of farm output (excluding subsidy) ranged from maxima of 17.5 Vo for drystock farms and 16 Vo for arable farms, to a minimum O.2Vo for specialist pigs and/or poultry farms.
Capital intensity and type of farming
188. Figure 7 shows a comparison of the intensity of use of capital - both including and excluding land - for three farm production types (they represent 54Vo of the total value added in agriculture), and for each Member State for 1993194.The bars represent the assets used per ECU 100 output in each case. ECONOMIC SITUATION AND FARM INCOMES 57
Capitalintensity and farm output Totalassets per ECU100 production, l ggglg4
700- 600- Arablefarms 500- 400- ; 300- 200- 100- 0- ilt*ü
700- Dairyfarms ----=- 600_ r- 500- 400- lrr '03-il*l*
$.-W$dd'l$ry (1)Unweighted result Source;EU-FADN, DG VI/A3. Figure 7 58 ECONOMIC SITUATION AND FARM INCOMES
189. For arable crops, Danish farms were apparently the most capital intensive, using ECU 350 non-land assets,whilst at the other extreme their Greek counterparts required ECU 94. This reflects not only different levels of capital intensity, but also the substitution of labour by capital in the north of the Union (the results refer to the 12 Member States). Surprisingly, Belgian farms showed a very low asset requirement (excluding land) per ECU 100 output. This is explained by the high proportion of rented farms, which reduces the share of owners' ASSCtS.
190. For dairy farms, the range is much smaller, varying from a high of ECU 249 in Spain to ECU 159 in Belgium. However, when the value of land is included, the ranking changes - from a high of ECU 542 in Luxembourg to a low of ECU 222 in France.
191. For drystock farms the range lies between those of arable and dairy farms. Greek farms show the lowest non-land asset to output ratio (at ECU 130) whilst Ireland and Portugal show the highest, at around ECU 320.
192. This is a brief presentation of the use of assets in farm production. There are many factors which explain the differences observed as between types of farming and Member States. The treatment of land-based assets also requires special consideration. These topics will be developed in a more specialized publication. I
I Farm incomes 1993194,from the EU-farm accountancy data network. lll - Agriculturalmarkets
193' This chapter reviews the world and Community markets for the main agricultural products, covering price trends and the main market management measures proposed or decided at Community level. Recent developments, due to the implementation of the reform of the common agricultural policy, are explained in Chapter I.
Cereals
World market
194. World cereal production in 1994195returned to a more normal volume compared with the previous marketing year, largely thanks to feed grains, since maize production in the United States reached a record figure of 257 million tonnes, compensating for falls in harvests in other countries. On the other hand, world production of wheat fell against the previous year, which had already been poor following reductions of varying degreesin most of the major producer countries. Australia's wheat harvest was halved because of drought, while the wheat harvest of all the CIS countries taken together fell by a quarter. Harvests in China, the United States and Canada also fell.
195. The 1994/95world cerealsharvest totalled 1 396 million tonnes,as against| 352 mil- lion tonnesin the previousmarketing year. Wheat production fell from 558 million tonnesin 1993194to 528 million tonnesin 1994195(a reductionof 5.4Vo).By contrast,feed grain productionrose from 794 million tonnesin 1993194to 868 million tonnesin 1994195(i.e., by 9.3Vo\.
196. World wheat consumption in 1994195is estimated at 553 tonnes, 25 million tonnes more than the harvest, but it is down by comparison with the previous marketing year (566 million tonnes). Consumption of feed grain is estimated to be rising (863 million tonnes) by comparison with the previous marketing year (833 million tonnes), and slightly lower than production. 60 AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
197. Overall, world cereal stocks fell from 237 million tonnes in 1993194to 217 million tonnes at the end of the 1994195marketing year, made up of 102 million tonnes of wheat and 115 million tonnes of feed grains.
198. World trade in cereals involved a total volume of 186 million tonnes, as opposed to 174 million tonnes in the previous year. Essentially, this rise reflects the increase in China's wheat and maize purchases(10 million tonnes of wheat and 4 million tonnes of feed grains in 1994195,as against 4.5 and 1.1 million tonnes respectively in 1993194).The other importing countries imported more or less the same quantities as in the previous year. Cereals trade with the CIS countries fell again, despite its already very low level in 1993194and the poor cereal harvest in those countries in 1994. The sharp fall in livestock farming and a more realistic price policy for bread severely limited demand and, therefore, imports.
1gg. Harvest forecasts for the 1995196marketing year indicate a major fall in world production (l 357 million tonnes as against 1 396 million tonnes for the previous year), resulting in particular from a sharp fall in the American maize harvest. This reduction is accompanied by a fall in consumption (1 387 million tonnes as opposed to 1416 million tonnes in 199415),in response,above all, to the high price levels on the intemational markets. We should expect a stagnation in the volume of world trade, which is estimated at 188 million tonnes, of which 96 million tonnes are wheat. Under these conditions, world cereal stocks will continue to fall, and are expected to reach a level below 100 million tonnes for wheat and feed grains combined by the end of the 1995/96 marketing year.
Community market
200. Community production in 1994195is estimated to be 161 million tonnes for the 12 Member States,two million tonnes less than in 1993/94. Production has been affected by the drought in the south of the European Union. The fall in production reflects a slight reduction in the area sown with cereals (3t.92 million hectares cultivated instead of 32.1 million in 1993194,a fall of O.6Vo) and lower yields per hectare (4.98 tonneslhectare instead of 5.08 tonnes). The fall in cereal production is the result of a fall in barley and maize harvests.
201. Production trends have varied from one Member State to another. Because small producers were released from the set-aside obligation, regions with weak agricultural structures have contributed less to the reduction resulting from the CAP reform since 1993.
202. The fall in cereal prices provided for by the reform has stimulated the use of cereals in animal feed. This rose to 87 million tonnes for the Community of Twelve in 1994195,a rise of over 6 million tonnes from the period preceding the reform. At the same time, cereal trade between Member States has continued to grow. AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 6I
Cereals 1
(milliont) 190 P 'oductionEUR 15 I N 170 Production -
150
I l';""'',''':il:: : .ir:::' :::;::ii::r --t- Utilization -*ii3;*-- ___btb ,, .:.:;::.' . ';: ,1:.;,;:' 130
ltt: !:i Production/ utilization 110 I a a g ."rtt &' s *8 $' ss e EUR12 Includingformer GDR Except rice.
40 (milliont) I Interventionstocks I at end of EU marketingyear I
tI I I
ffiffi ffi 1987/88 1988/89 1ffi989/90 1990/91 1991t92 1992/93 1ff993/94 1994/95
Source;European Commission, DG for Agriculture.
Figure I 62 AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
203. The estimated volume of Community exports in 1994195 (including processed products and food aid) is 32.5 million tonnes as against 33 million tonnes in the previous marketing year. Commercial exports included 16.2 million tonnes of soft wheat (including flour), 1.6 million tonnes of durum wheat (including meal), 9 million tonnes of barley (including malt) and 2.1 million tonnes of rye and rye flour. Grain maize exports fell sharply (to 250 000 tonnes from 1.8 million tonnes in the previous marketing year).
204. Because of the high export volume maintained in 1994195and the resale of stocks on the internal market, more intervention stocks were released, reducing them from 18 million tonnes at the beginning of the marketing year to only 7 million tonnes at its end, of which 2 million were soft wheat, 3.3 rnillion barley and 1.3 million rye. The volume of resales of intervention cereals on the internal market over the 1994195marketing year was considerable. The resales were made because market prices were too tight on the Community market. This situation led the Council to reduce from 15 to l2Vo the rate of compulsory set-asidebased on rotation for the 1995 harvest.
205. The 1995196Community harvest is estimated at around 174 million tonnes for the Europe of Fifteen. The impact of reduced set-aside on increasing production was mitigated by the reduction of cereal production in the Iberian peninsula caused by the worst drought in decades.
206. For the 1996harvest, the Council decidedto reducethe rate of compulsoryset-aside basedon rotationto lOVaand to cancelthe differenceof 5 additionalpoints that had hitherto been allocatedto fixed set-aside.
Rice
207. The world harvest in 1994 was higher than in 1993 (537 million tonnes rather than 528 million) following good harvests in Asia (Japan,Korea, Myanmar) and the United States (up 27 7o on the previous year).
208. During 1994, the volume of international trade increased by about 1.7 million tonnes over 1993 (from 14.7 to 16.4 million tonnes), fed above all by China's and Indonesia's rice purchases,needed to compensatefor their own poor harvests. As a result, rice prices on the world market rose from June t994, stabilizing towards the end of the year.
209. In the European Union, the 1994 harvest sold on the market was higher than in the previous year (around 1 280 000 tonnes of wholly milled rice equivalent), thanks above all to the increase in the production of indica rice. Italian production rose by 2.27o on the previous year's volume of 1.33 million tonnes of paddy rice. However, the lower milling yield reduced the value of the harvest sold in wholly milled rice equivalent. AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 63
210. Prices on the Italian market are considered to be the most representative for the Community market, since Italy is the principal producer in the Union (61 Vo of all production). They continued to rise throughout the marketing year because of sustained demand on the Community market for all varieties of rice. In ecu terms, prices also increased despite the devaluation of the Italian lira, whose exchange value did not improve until Apri. onwards. During 1994/95 there were no offers of rice for intervention.
211. With regard to trade with third countries, imports (principally of indica rice) fell by around 6 Vo, while exports rose by around 45 Vo following improved Community harvests and sustained demand on the external markets. Imports from ACP countries totalled 20683 tonnes (as against 87 267 tonnes in 1993/94). This reduction was caused by the poor harvests in the ACP countries on the one hand, and the increase in Community production of indica rice on the other. Imports of rice processed in the Dutch Antilles (OCTs) totalled 157 916 tonnes of husked rice equivalent (as compared with 146 409 tonnes during lgg3lg4). These imports are exempt from the import levy. Overalf imports from ACP countries and OCTs fell by 23.6Vo from 1993/94levels.
212. In order to implement the agreements concluded during the Uruguay Round of trade talks, the Council adopted Regulation (EC) No 3290194 on22December 1994, establishing, through an amendment to the basic Regulation (EEC) No 1418/76, the new system for trade with third countries. The implementing rules and procedures for the latter Regulation as regards import duties were fixed by the Council through the introduction of a representative price system.I
213. In July 1995 the Commission drew up a text to reform the common organization of the market in rice. z The main points of the Commission proposals were to reduce the intervention price, to pay compensation to producers, to fix a maximum guaranteedarea and to revise the intervention svstem.
214. Forecasts for 1995196indicate that an area of around 357 000 ha will be sown, 68 000 of this with indica rice. The rate of self-sufficiency in that variety should be maintained at the same level as during the previous marketing year. The deficit will under normal circum- stances be made up for by imports of rice from third countries.
t Regulation (EC) No 1573/95of 30.6.1995. 2 Document COM(95) 331 final of 19 July 1995. 64 AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
Sugar
215. The basic situation on the world sugar market changed completely during the course of the 1994195marketing year. Initial harvest estimates for the year indicated a production shortfall in relation to consumption of around 2 million tonnes but this finally turned into a surplus which is currently estimated at 1.5 million tonnes. Stocks, which at the beginning of the marketing year were hovering around the level considered as the point of equilibrium (3OVoof consumption), were 33.3Vo of estimated consumption for the marketing year.
World market trends (million tonnes of raw sugar)
Surplus Stocks as 7o Production Consumption or deficit of consumption
(l) (2) (3)=(l)-(2) (4)
1985/86 98.6 100.5 - t.l 38.4 1986t8l r04.2 105.9 - 1.7 33.8 1987/88 r04.7 t07.2 - 2.5 3l.l 1988/89 r04.6 107.0 - 2.4 29.r 1989190 109.1 r09.4 - 0.3 28.2 199019r 1t5.7 I10.3 + 5.4 32.0 r99U92 116.8 111.0 + 5.8 36.3 r992t93 112.6 111.5 + 1.1 36.2 1993194 110.9 113.0 - 2.r 32.7 Forecast 1994195 116.1 1r4.6 + 1.5 33.3
Source; F.O. Licht.
216. Nevertheless,and despite an increase of 1.3 million tonnes in the world level of stocks at the end of the marketing year, world market prices increased in 1994/95 compared with 1993194.These price trends were the result of the slow reaction, particularly on the part of India, to this development in the world supply balance, the pressureon the world markets for white sugar caused by the reduction of around one million tonnes in supplies compared with the previous marketing year and, finally, the delivery problems encountered by Brazil as a result of the delay in determining its export policy and the small capacity of its ports.
Average spot price: - Paris Exchange (white sugar) ECU 26.791100kg in 1993194 ECU 3094[00 kg in 1994195( + 15.57o) - New York Exchange (raw sugar) ECU 20.371100kg in 1993194 ECU 23.681100kg in 1994195( + 16.27o)
217. The big harvests inBrazll (12.5 million tonnes),Thailand (5.5 million tonnes)and, in particular, in India (15.8 million tonnes) were the cause of the change in the world supply balance in 1994195.These high production levels were the result of increasesin the area AGRICULTURALMARKETS 65
Sugar
(milliont whitesugar) 19 oductionEUR 15
17 -Productio
15 Vl \ Production
..,,,j: 13 :l ::,i:::: ;;.i ____ ,,':t:i::ii:ä:iij::,;:i,;',.,,. --Ir--- ..,,::ii,ii,::::ii;:l::ii:::::.i1,:i :,j'
- ____r_trE, - ::::fi1i:;iii:iiliiiiil:iiitii:i-rffi -r-- 'j::::i:::ii:::::lti.j::i:::i:l:::i:i:i
J ---',iiili:liiliiili;iä 11 Consumption
iiit:
9 aso g "s r"r'" us uE s' P d' @ EUR12 Includingformer GDR
milliont raw sugar) World production/consu m ption
n Production ffi Consumption
1987/88 1988189 1989/90 1990/91 1991t92 1992/93 1993/94 source; EuropeanCommission, DG for Agriculture.
Figure 9 66 AGRICULTURAL MARKETS sown and/or good growing conditions. India again became an unpredictable factor on the world market. Despite excellent prospects of a good harvest, it was only at the end of the 1994/95 marketing year that the Indian Government stopped imports.
218. For the third successiveyear, there were poor harvests in Cuba and China. Cuba was again around 240000 tonnes short of planned deliveries (1.0 million tonnes) under its barter agreementwith Russia but that did not prevent the signing of a new protocol between the two countries for the 1995/96 marketing year involving a quantity of sugar similar to that for 1994195.In China, sugar production is falling as crops other than cane and beet offer a better income to farmers. China has become a big buyer of sugar on the world market over the past two marketing years and should remain so, although to a lesser extent, in 1995196.
219. World import demand remained practically the same as in 1993194. The current estimate of 32.9 million tonnes for 1994195, however, only represents 28.30Vo of total production compared with 29.OVothe previous marketing year. Despite the stability in the volume of world trade, the downward trend in import demand since 1988/89 (33Vo of total production) was confirmed In 1994195.World consumption, as in 1993194,increased by around I Vo over the previous marketing year but this is still weak compared with the 1.5 Vo annual growth in world population and indicates a fall in per capita consumption.
220. Attention should be drawn to the role played by the continuing reduction in domestic demand in Eastern Europe and particularly in the CIS which imported around 2.5 million tonnes in 1994195compared with 5.0 million tonnes in 1992193.Following large imports of white sugar during that marketingyear., prices on the world market and the introduction in Russia of a 25Vo dlty on imports of white sugar virtually put an end to exports of white sugar to Russia. The exhaustion of stocks and the prospects for prices on the world market during 1995/96 could reopen the Russian market for Community deliveries.
221. Initial estimates for the 1995196harvest again indicate a surplus of production over world consumption. Current estimates point to an increase of around 2.0 million tonnes in stock levels. At first sight, given the close link between stock levels and world prices, the prospects for prices do not appear good. Nevertheless, the growth of demand in Russia and China, Indian export policy and storage capacity within the EU could help maintain the stability of world market prices, at least during the first half of the 1995/96 marketing year.
222. Areas under beet in the Union (EUR 12) in1994 (1 890000ha) again fell (-2.2Vo) compared with the previous marketing year. Average sugar yield was 7.56 tonnes per hectare, a fall of 8.4Vo comparedwith 1993 caused by particularly bad growing conditions during the season. These low yields resulted in a total production, in white sugar equivalent, of 14.512 million tonnes, of which 14.28I million tonnes came from beet, 0.212 million tonnes from cane and 0.019 million tonnes from molasses. AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 67
223. Of that production, around 2.8 million tonnes of unprocessedCommunity sugar was exported with a refund, a figure similar to that for the previous marketing y"*. ön the other 'c' hand, with total production down compared with l9nl94. exports of iugar fell by around ;c' 1_.0million tonnes to approximately 1.98 million tonnes. The carryover of sugar was also - sharply down ( 57 vo) on the previous marketing year at 0.54 million tonnes.
22-4' Community sugar production and the Community sugar market are subject to a system of production quotas which the Council, by Regulation (EC) No ll01/95, extended, with only minor changes, for six marketing years, i.e. until 2000/1. Special arrangementsfor the of raw fpply sugar to Community refineries in Finland, France, Portugal änd the United Kingdom were also introduced for that same period. Finally, special measureson production quotas were introduced to permit fulfilment of the commitments made in the Agrlement on Agriculture concluded during the Uruguay Round multilateral trade negotiations.
225. Following the new enlargement of the Union on 1 January 1995, the three new Member States (Austria, Finland and Sweden) received the following production quotas for sugar and isoglucose:
Basic quantity A Basic quantity B Member State 2 Sugarr Isoglucose Sugarl Isoglucose 2
Austria 316529.0 7388 r.0 Finland r33 433.0 10845-0 13343.0 r 085.0 Sweden 336364.0 33 636.0
I In tonnes of white susar. 2 In tonnes of dry maftör.
Olive oil
226. Average world production is some 1 800 000 tonnes, of which 80 7o comes from the European Union (around I 450 000 tonnes), the other principal producers being Tunisia (125 000 tonnes), Turkey (75 000 tonnes), Syria (57 0b0 tonnes) and Morocco (37 000 tonnes). Production varies greatly from one year to another, but the world market fluctuates as a direct result of the Community market.
227. Estimated Community production for 1994195 is around I 408 000 tonnes. as compared with I 491 054 tonnes in 1993194.There is little change in the surface area used: available data indicates that it totals 4.9 million hectares, or around 66Vo of the world oil-growing area and 3.3Vo of the utilized agricultural area in the European Union. The total number of olive trees, cultivated and uncultivated, in the European Ünion is, according to 68 AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
some estimates, around 450 million. Around two million farms are involved in olive growing.
228. In 1993194Community consumption was around I 350 000 tonnes (77 Vo of wotld consumption). The most recent forecasts indicate that consumption in 1994195 should be lower than in preceding years, particularly because of the sharp rise in prices. Olive oil packaged in quantities of less than 5 kg accounts for the bulk of consumption (more than gOqo of the total), particularly because of the influence of the consumption aid scheme introduced in 1979. At the beginning of the 1994t95 marketing year, intervention stocks totalled 111000 tonnes; at the end of the marketing year they were around 24OOO tonnes.
229. Greece and Spain are the main suppliers, and ltaly, although an exporting producer, remains the principal purchaser. During 1994195imports reached the exceptional level of 60 000 tonnes. Exports for the same marketing year reached around 70 000 tonnes, down on the previous year's 100 000 tonnes.
230. The Community support scheme has, since 19S7l88, included a budget stabilizer with a maximum guaranteed quantity (MGO of 1.35 million tonnes. When production exceeds that quantity, possibly topped up by the amount carried over from the previous marketing year, production aid (paid to olive growers) is reduced proportionally' The MGQ was exceeded in 1993194which led to a reduction in aid. Forecasts suggest that the MGQ will probably also be exceeded for the 1994195marketing year.
231. Consumption seems to have been less influenced than in the past by competition with the prices of other vegetable oils. It seemsto have been more sensitive to variations in olive oil prices, the increase in consumer income and efforts to improve quality and promote coniumption. For these reasons and in order to achieve good management of the consumption aid scheme (aid paid to industry), the Council decided to amend the distribution 'old' of aid. From 1994195,consumption aid was reduced from 39.58 to 10 ecus/kg and production aid increased correspondingly from ECU 88.18 to ll7.76kg.
Olive oil production in the European Union ('000 tonnes)
r994t95 Country 1986187 1987/88 r988/89 1989/90 1990191 r99U92 1992t93 t993194 (forecast)
Elläda 246.4 321.7 334.9 t71.0 237.6 430.1 314.4 323.2 386.4 Espafra 529 770 406.5 700 702.0 610.0 636.0 594.0 520.0 France 1.5 3 1.4 2.0 2.0 3.4 1.8 2.4 2.6 Italia 383 142.5 437.1 585.0 148.0 650.0 410.0 550.0 464.4 Portugal 44.8 38 28 20.0 37.8 35.0 l7.r 27.5 34.6
Total | 204.7 r 875.2 1 143.2 | 512.3 1041.0 r 728.5 1379.3 | 491.1 I 408.0 AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 69
Areas planted with olive trees in the European Union and number of trees
Country Number of trees (millions)
Elläda 838000 r22 Espafra 1 935000 177 France 40 000 3 Italia 1 372000 r26 Portugal 721 000 32 4 912000 460
Olive oil
(milliont)
source; Europeancommission, DG for Agriculture.
Figure 10 ]O AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
Oilseeds
232. Oilseeds yield oil and cake for animal feed. This means that the economic position of the sector dependson price trends for seed, oils and cake. The oils may be consumed without further processing or as prepared oils and fats such as margarine.
233. The European Union is a net importer of oilseeds, vegetable oils and cake, annual import volumes being largely dependent on the relative prices of seeds, cake, oils and competing animal-feed products (cereals, corn gluten feed, etc.) and on the opportunities for exporting oils and cake from the Union.
Average oil supply balance for the Union 1992'94 (million t oil equivalent)
Production Self- Product Consumption Imports Exports sufficiency EU origin Total (7o)
Rapeseed 2.4 2.7 1.8 0.3 1.0 t33 Sunflower 1.7 2.2 r.9 0.6 0.2 90 Soya 0.1 2.7 2.1 2.6 0.6 0.4 Vegetableoilsl 5.1 8.6 10.5 8.6 1.9 54
I Rapeseed, sunflower, soya, olive oil, cotton, linseed, groundnut, sesame, palm and coconut.
Average cake supply balance for the Union 1992'94 (million t cake equivalent)
Production Self- Product Consumption Imports Exports sufficiency EU origin Total (7o)
Rapeseed 3.4 4.2 4.3 0.9 0.0 80 Sunflower 2.2 2.8 3.8 1.4 0.0 90 a Soya 0.7 t2.0 22.l 12.4 1.0 J Cake 1 7.1 19.8 34.8 22.r 1.1 20
I Rapeseed, sunflower, soya, cotton, linseed, groundnut, sesame and palm kernel.
234. ln the 1994195marketing year, a total of 27.6 mlllion tonnes of oilseeds was crushed in the EU, as against 24 million tonnes in 1993/94. Most of these were soya beans (around 52Vo), with rapeseed(around 25 Vo) and sunflower seed (around 19 Vo) accountingfor most of the remainder.
235. From 1993/94, the support arrangementsfor oilseed growers (rape, sunflower, soya) have formed part of the new support scheme for arable crops (cereals, oilseeds, protein plants, linseed) requiring set-asideby producers participating in the general scheme. Under 'old' these arrangements,a payment of ECU 359/ha was made. Following abolition of the AGRICULTURALMARKETS 7I
Oilseeds
(milliont) 14
\ 13 EUR15 - Nduction'ffi /
trliriliifäiiii.r:.r
ii;:üiiit;' \.y/ / 10 ProductiJnof rape and 9L I s d € ds EUR12 Includingformer GDR
(milliont) (milliont) 8 6 \ ProdLction \ EUR1s \\ | / Sutrflower / lr,oou.ti,ln EUR ,l / V l,r N, / \ \ t \ Rape
1987 1989 1991 1993 19951987 1989 1991 1993 1995 -L-L- EUR12 Including formerGDR Source; European Commission, DG for Agriculture
Figure 11 72 AGRICULTURALMARKETS
'new' monetary correcting factor, that amount increased to ECU 433.50 from the 1995/96 marketing year, but with no change in national curency. The amount actually paid to growers is regionally differentiated according to historic yields of cereals or oilseeds and is adjusted in line with world price fluctuations beyond a margin of 8 Vo.For 1994195,a special compensatory payment was granted for some 5 million hectares of oilseeds'
236. Total oilseed production in 1994195 was almost 12 million tonnes as against 10.3 million tonnes in 1993/94. The harvest for 1995196 is estimated at 11 million tonnes.
Peas,field beansand sweet lupins
237. These products, which go chiefly to the animal-feed industry, compete with a wide ranse of other raw materials.
Production of peas, field beans and sweet lupins (1 000 t)
Marketing year r99U92 t992t93 1993t94 r994195 1995t961
Production 4 919 4 728 5 652 5 183 4 434
I Estimate.
238. From 1993/94, aid to processors and minimum prices were replaced by the system of aid for certain arable crops (cereals, oilseeds, protein plants, linseed) requiring set-aside by 'old' producers participating in the general scheme. The regionally differentiated aid is ECU 'new' 65 (this increased to ECU 78.49 for the 1995196marketing year) multiplied by the historic cereals yield.
239. Compensatory aid was paid for around 1.3 million hectares in 1994195.
Dried fodder
240. Dried fodder is made up of products rich in proteins (minimum l57o) deived from the artificial drying (dehydration) or natural drying (sun drying) of lucerne, other leguminous crops and certain grasses.
241. The table below gives a surnmary of production trends on the basis of aid applications. AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 73
Dried fodder production (EUR 12) ('000 of tonnes)
1990t91 r99U92 1992t93 1993/94 r994t95(p)
Dehydrated 3 252 3 687 4 286 4 576 4 4rl Sun-dried 568 43r 446 420 473
Total 3 820 4l18 4 682 4 996 4 884
(p) = provisional.
242. The increase in the production of dried fodder was accompanied by an increase in the budget cost, which led the Commission to propose to the Council a reform of the sector commencing in the 1995196marketing year.
243. The reform adoptedby the Council (Regulation(EC) No 603t95of 21 February1995) may be summarizedas follows:
'old' (a) Replacing the variable aid hitherto paid out by a fixed aid per tonne of 57 ecus for 'old' dehydrated fodder and,32 ecus for sun-dried fodder (thise amounts, corrected by the .new, application of the green ecu coefficient, are in fact 6g.g3 and, 3g.64 ecus respectively).
(b) Introducing maximum guaranteedquantities (MGes):
4'394 million tonnes for dehydrated fodder (4.4124 million tonnes after the accession of Sweden, Finland and Austria).
443 500 tonnes for sun-dried fodder.
These maximum guaranteed quantities are broken down into national guaranteed quantities (NGQs), allocated to the Member States on the basis of their average production subsidized in the reference marketing years lg92lg3 and 1993194.Where the MGQs are exceeded, the aid is reduced in order avoid any ovemrnning of the planned budget package. When assessingovemrns, the first 5 Vo is applied to all Membei States without distinction; beyond that point, the responsibility becomes national.
(c) Stepping up integrated control system checks on aid for arable crops and livestock farming in order to allow identification of all parcels on which fodder for drying is being planted and thus prevent the accumulation of aids. 74 AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
Fruit and vegetables
Fresh fruit and vegetables
World situation
244. Statistical information on the fresh fruit and vegetable sector worldwide is still very fragmented. International trade is significant above all in apples and citrus fruit. Expansion of woild production of oranges for processing has continued following the planting of new groves in some of the main non-Community producer countries.
Trade with non-member countries
245. The European Union is still the world's largest importer of fresh fruit and vegetables, in particular apptes and citrus fruit. Although imports only account for a relatively low proportion of annual Community requirements for the sector, they play an important role in iupplying the market out of seasonand can influence price stability in season.Both imports und rose during the 1994195marketing year, by 44 and 4OEo rcspectively. "^portr 246. Community fruit exports tn 1994 increasedsharply on 1993 exports (+146So)':\ particular in the caseof peaches(+72.5Vo) andpears ( +47.2Vo). Only lemon exports fell, by I2.7 Vo.
247. There was also a large increase in fruit imports ( + 100 Vo) and vegetable imports (5Vo),butresults varied accordingto product. Lemon imports rose sharply (+77-3Vo) as drd cucumber imports ( + 51.3 Vo). By contrast, cauliflower imports fell by 55.7 Vo.
Community prices and market
248. In 1994195the producer prices of pilot products, those for which the Council decides basic prices and buying-in prices generally rose in comparison with the previous marketing- year,äxceptforpeathes(--2ofto),nectarines (-l7Vo) andapricots(-15Vo). Inthecaseof äpricots, hbwever, there was a rise of 16%oin Spain but a fall of 4l%o in France. Similarly, tüe prices of pears fell in Spain and Portugal, but increased sharply in Belgium (+ 52Vo) and the Netherlands ( + 58Vo).
24g. In the vegetable sector the price of cauliflowers rose by 44Vo in Belgium and 65Vo in France. In the other Member Statesincreases varied between 16 and 35Vo, except in Portugal where there was a fall of I9Vo.
'round' 250. The producer price of tomatoes increased in1994195, the highest rises being in Germany (62Vo) and in Greece (56Vo) for tomatoes grown in the open' AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 7 5
251. Community production of apples in 1994/95 rose from that of lgg3/94 to reach 9.2 million tonnes, because of major increases in Germany (+2OVo) and the Netherlands (+18Vo). By contrast, production fell in Portugal and the United Kingdom. Italy is still the leading apple producer in the Union (24 Vo), closely followed by France (23Vo) and Germany (22Vo)' Despite higher production levels, the quantity of apples withdrawn was 36 Vo lower than in 1993194,totalling 629 000 tonnes. This was becausäof higher apparent consumption and an increase in end-of-vear stocks.
252. Community pear production in 1994195 was 2.7 million tonnes, a slight increase on 1993194because of better production in France (+37Vo), Spain ( +l|Vo) and the Nether- lands ( + lOVo). On the other hand production fell very sharply in the United Kingdom (-37Eo) and Greece(-23Vo). The leading Community producer of pearsis still ltaly, with 910 000 tonnes, or 34Vo of total production. The quantity of pears withdrawn was 91 000 tonnes, or 3.4vo of production, as against l.6va of production in 1993/94.
253. In the citrus fruit sector,no overall figures for 1994/95are yet available.Provisional data indicatean overall increasein production.
254. Production of peaches in 1994/95 was similar to that in 1992/93 and reached 3.5 million tonnes.It increasedslightly on 1993, with a major increasein France (+167o). Italy is the leading producer in the Community (35 Vo), fol[owed closely by Greece (28Voi), then Spain (25Eo). Almost a quarter (23Eo) of production was withdrawn and 82Vo of the withdrawals were in Greece.
255. Production of apricots has increased by comparison with 1993, without, however, reaching 1992 levels. Withdrawals in 1994 accounted for 8.8 Va of production as opposed to l6.2vo in 1993.
256. Data available on fresh vegetables for 1994195indicate that overall tomato production has increased, with a sharp rise in Portugal (+73vo), but a fall in the Netherlanai 1- t:zr; and in Belgium (-llVo). Tomato withdrawals did not change from 1993 levels, and amounted to O.4Voof total production.
257. Some 13.5 Vo of caulifTowersproduced, in 1994195were withdrawn, which represents an increase of 79 Voon 1993/94 levels. Seventy-six per cent of the withdrawals were carried out in France. Overall, the trend in withdrawals for lgg4l95 has been favourable. They amounted to 244 920 tonnes for vegetables and 2 059 006 tonnes for fruit, totalling 2.3 million tonnes as against 2.5 million in 1993194and 4.4 million in 1992/93, a marketing year in which production reached record leveis. 16 AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
The main developments in legislation and policy
258. For the tgg5lg6 marketing year the Council has maintained the basic prices and buying-in prices in force in lgg4lg5. Because certain intervention thresholds were exceeded in-tSg+tgi, the basic prices and buying-in prices were reduced for apples (-9Vo)' peachel (-20vo), nectarines(-20vo),lemons (-l\vo), oranges(-9Vo), mandarins(-2vo) and cauliflowers (- 5Vo) in application of the stabilizer system.
2Sg. As part of the impiementation of the Uruguay Round, a new harmonized system of export refunds was established with effect from 1 July. The new system provides for the intioduction of export licences with or without advance fixing so as to enable the European Union to fulfil its obligations in the framework of the WTO.
260. Under the new import system,specific entry prices were fixed for cucumbersfor processingand sourcherries (previously subject to a minimum impon price) to take account of tne characteristicsof the markets for these products and the supply needs of the Communityprocessing industry.
261. Under the import scheme for preserved mushrooms a special quota of 2 200 tonnes was opened for China for the second half of 1995 to take account of the enlargement of the Union.
262. The Commission extended by one year the mechanism for controlling garlic imports originating in China and the suspensionof imports from Vietnam. The safeguard mechanism apfticaUle to garlic imported from Taiwan was replaced by a system of compulsory certificates of origin, in agreement with the authorities of that country.
263. For 1995 the application of the minimum price was not triggered for soft fruit since the market was very quiet. Prices increased sharply in comparison with the previous year'
264. In line with its lgg4 communication on trends in the fruit and vegetablessector, the Commission proposedto the Council a reform of the common organi zation of the market.
265. The proposal aims to consolidate the positive features of the current system (market orientation, deientralization, organization of supply) by applying it more flexibly and eliminating current weaknesses(the operation of certain producer organizations, subsidized withdrawals that have become structural, the poor image of quality standards and gaps in statistics). AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 77
Fruit Harvestedcrop of
6 '\d s c C .tf ', .:,.
4 i$ c c c c .$ c c c c
Source:European Commission, DG for Agriculture.
Figure 12 18 AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
Processed fruit and vegetables
World market and Community mnrket
266. As in the case of fresh products, the world market in products processedfrom fruit and vegetables is greatly influenced by exports to the European Union but, thanks to the possibilities offered by processing and preserving, the imbalance between supply and demand in this sector is not so pronounced as in the fresh fruit and vegetable sector. However, specific problems do arise occasionally.
267. Although there are no complete recent data on wodd market prices, it is nevertheless possible to note certain trends during the 1994/95 marketing year. In the case of frozen raspberries,chronic under-supply has kept prices very high, often at twice the minimum price fixed for reduced-duty imports from eastern Europe. The market for frozen strawberries has also continued to become stronger, although supply of this product, which is very important for the food industry, does not appear to be causing any problems. In the case of the market in frozen blackcurrants, the production surplus throughout Europe has fallen. The same applies to the market in dried figs and the still substantial markets in peaches in syrup, exports of which have risen, and pears in syrup. After tomatoes and orange juice, dried grapes are the most important product in the sector for world trade.
268. In the case of peaches in syrup, production in 1994195fell to 484 000 tonnes. As regards market management, the minimum price for peaches intended for processing in 1994195followed the trend of withdrawal prices for fresh peaches (+3.79Vo).
269. In the case of pears in syrup, production fell but, despite the constantlevel of minimum pricesand the ovemrn of the interventionthreshold, production aid was increased by 4.4Vofollowing a sharpfall in world prices for the raw material.
270. Processing aid for pineapples in 1994195was raised by 13 Voto compensatefor the fall in prices in non-member countries. The minimum price remained unchanged'
The main developments in legislation and policy
271. Although the common organization of the market which governs this sector covers, in principle, all products processed from fruit and vegetables, Community support is concen- trated on certain products: mushrooms (duty-free quotas), soft fruit (minimum prices for imports coming from countries benefiting from reduced customs duties), dried grapes (minimum price and storage and aid per-hectare aid), dried figs (storage aid and production aid), prunes, pineapples, peaches,pears in syrup and tomatoes (production aid). Raspberries for processing and dried grapes also benefit from specific measures to improve product quality and marketing. In the case of dried grapes, this measure was adopted by the Council in Mav 1994. AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 79
272. Trends in processing aid during the 1995196marketing year in relation to the levels during 1994/95 were as follows: prunes (+3.2vo), pineapples (+9.25vo), dried figs ( + 0.84Vo), peaches (0Vo), pearc (-7.16Eo).
273. Minimum producer prices remained the same, except in the cases of peaches, for which they were reduced by 5.1 Vo inthe light of basic price trends for fresh peaches. The basic amount of aid per hectare for dried grapes was kept at ECU 2 785. This aid is only paid for areas under specialized cultivation which meet certain yield criteria, which were made stricter.
274. The reform of the common organization of the market for this sector, proposed by the Commission to the Council at the same time as it submitted its proposal for fresh products, provides for a general consolidation of the previous system.
Bananas
275' The year 1995 was marked by the introduction of the Community import rurange- ments for bananas adopted in Marrakesh during the final stages of the Uruguay Round negotiations.
276. The tariff quota originally fixed at 2 million tonnes was raised to 2.2 million tonnes (net weight) for banana imports from non-member countries and non-traditional ACP bananas.Within the tariff quota, imports of bananas from non-member countries are subject to a duty of ECU 75 per tonne (instead of the initial ECU 100 r), while no duty is levied on non-traditional ACP bananas.
277. Beyond the tariff quota, the import duty is ECU 850 per tonne for banana imports from non-member countries and ECU 750 per tonne for non-traditional ACP bananas.These duties will be reduced proportionally every year on the basis of the conclusions of the Uruguay Round on tariffs.
278' The quantities of traditional bananas per ACP country are not included in the quota and are imported at zero duty up to a maximum quantity of 857 700 tonnes.
279. In order to ensure that Community production is maintained, Council Regulation (EEC) No 4041932 provides for compensatory aid to offset the loss of income that may arise from the application of the new irrangements. The amount of the compensatory aid for Community bananasmarketed during 1994 is ECIJ 17.23 per 100 kilograms. The amount is
1 ECU 120.75 if the monetary coefficient is applied. ' Regulation (EEC) No 404193of 13 February 1993 (OJ L 47,25.2.1993, p. 1). 3 To be multiplied by 1.207509 for comparison with the current amounts. 80 AGRICULTURALMARKETS
ECIJ 21.21 per 100 kilograms for bananas produced in Madeira because of very unfavourable production conditions. Total Community production for 1994 was 584 622 tonnes. The aid total was therefore ECU 122.4 million.t
280. It should be noted that following the accession of the three new Member States the Commission adopted in 1995 the rules necessaryto ensure satisfactory supply to the enlarged Union, since the Council had not reached a formal decision concerning the proposed 353 000 tonne increase in the tariff quota.
281. Becauseof the effects of Hurricane Debbie on Guadeloupe,Martinique and some ACP countries (Saint Lucia and Dominica) in 1994, the Commission extended to the first two quarters of 1995 the ad hoc meastxesthat it had adopted for the fourth quarter of 1994. The measures involve an exceptional increase in the tariff quota to assist operators who are or directly represent producers affected by the storm (an increase of 649C0 tonnes for both quarters) in order to maintain supplies to the market and give operators reference quantities for 1995 for the purposes of future participation in the tariff quota arrangements.
282. Because of the damage done by the hurricanes Iris, Luis and Marilyn during August and September 1995 in Guadeloupe, Martinique and some ACP countries (Saint Lucia, Dominica and Saint Vincent), the Commission adopted the same measures for the fourth quarter of 1995. The ad hoc increase in the tariff quota for that quarter is 90 800 tonnes.
Wine
283. The European Union is the leading wine economy in the world with, on average,60Vo of world production and 55 Vo of world consumption. The other main producers are, in descending order of production, the United States, the former Soviet Union, Argentina, the countries of eastern Europe taken together (Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, the former Yugoslavia, the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic) and South Africa.
2A. Taking imports and exports together, international trade in wine accounts for around 3IVo of world production, which is around 270 million hectolitres (1991-93 average). With annual consumption at around 227 million hectolitres (1991-93 average), the world surplus can thus be put at 47 million hectolitres, of which two thirds is the responsibility of the Union. The latter's structural surplus is mainly sent for distillation.
285. In 1994 the Union's outward trade with non-member countries fell: 11748000 hectolitres were exported as against 12552000 hectolitres in 1993. Spain (2439000 hectolitres), Italy (3 824 000 hectolitres) and France (3 251 000 hectolitres) are the main exporters, and the most important trade partners are the EFTA countries (25Vo), the United
I To be multiplied by 1.201509 for comparison with the current amounts. AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 81
Wine
(millionhl) 230
210 Producticn/consumpl
190\
I.
170 -/ Production \/
150
consumption Jr-llt.b-- i-bb__ 130 ,Human tJaat) -l--
110 a a g a s EE $' ds c' (millionhl)
Distillation1
1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 1991192 1992193 1993/94 1994/95
1 Compulsoryand optionaldistillation (Portugal excluded 1979-91). 1992figures include Portugal. Source;European Commission, DG for Agriculture.
Figure 13 82 AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
States (19 Vo) and Canada (7 Vo).It should be noted that the volume of wine exported in 1994 was, however, higher than that in the years immediately preceding 1993.
286. Imports of wine to the Union rose slightly in 1994 (3Vo up on 1993levels), reaching 2738OOO hectolitres. The main importers are Germany and the United Kingdom with35Vo and 44 7o of Community imports respectively. The countries of eastern Europe are the chief suppliers (32.5 Voof the wine imported by the Union). The market share of Australian wine is improving rapidly thanks to increasing exports to the Union (l7.5Eo), while around 8Vo of wine imported from non-member countries comes from the United States.
287. The Union's production during the 1994195wine year has been calculated (provision- ally) at 151 million hectolitres for all wines (table wine, quality wines produced in specified regions and other wine), down on the 1993/94 harvest of 159 million hectolitres, while 1995196production is estimated at 155 million hectolitres. The guide prices for table wine of types AI, RI and RII were maintained at3.l'1 'old' ecuslVolvoVhl and rose to 3.828 from I February 1995 following the application of the monetary coefficient. Table wine prices varied considerably according to the region in which they were produced, ranging from 57 to 106%oof the guide prices.
288. Direct human consumption of wine appears to be relatively stable in relation to the previous wine years (127 million hectolitres), as does industrial use for the production of vermouth and vinegar (3.7 million hectolitres).
289. Stocks with producers and traders totalled 108 million hectolitres at the beginning of the year. At the end of the year they appeared to have fallen considerably to around 100 million hectolitres.
290. Substantially reduced production (153 million hectolitres and considerably reduced stocks - 108 million hectolitres - at the beginning of the year) meant that in 1994195 recourse to compulsory distillation and support distillation could be avoided. Only preventive distillation was decided on, for 5.5 million hectolitres (as against around 10 million hectolitres in the previous year).
291. Frorn 22 December 1994 to 15 February 1995, long-term storage contracts (nine months) accounted for 5 908 704 hectolitres (table wine: 4 668 63I; must: 998 948; concen- trated and rectified must: 241 125), as against 9 823 330 hectolitres in the preceding year. Producers were allowed to apply for withdrawal of up to gOEa of the quantities under contract, the aid then being paid for the actual period of storage.
292. The low production levels of the last three wine years (including 1995196)and the fact that from 1988 to 1994 grubbing up in exchange for premiums (the permanent abandonment of wine-growing areas) amounted to 460 000 hectares has made it possible to achieve a relatively balanced situation. Nevertheless, this balance is delicate, since it has been caused AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 83 principally by natural phenomena such as drought and other extreme weather conditions in some wine-growing regions.
293. The Commission has submitted to the Council a proposal for the reform of the common organization of the market in wine with the aim of achieving a more sustainable balance on the market. Considering that the low production levels are very recent and, so far, it is difficult to establish whether recent trends in wine-growing potential are likely to substantially alter the basic data, the Commission proposal, submitted to the Council on 11 May 1994, remains a starting point for discussion.
Cotton
294. According to the United States Ministry of Agriculture, around 34 million hectares were planted with cotton in 1995196 in the world as a whole, producing a forecast 19.3 million tonnes (88.8 million bales)r as against 32 million hectares and 18.2 million tonnes in 1994/95. A further increase is expected in the new marketing year, in terms of both production and consumption, with end-of-year stocks at a stable level, which is, however, fairly high.
295. The prices of cotton fibres on the world market, which had fallen relatively low, rose from December 1994. They stayed high throughout the 1994/95 marketing year, reaching 100 cents per pound in February 1995. This level has not been reached again for 1995196:on 1 September 1995 the Liverpool A index reached 89.30 cents per pound or ECU 152/100 kg. Unginned cotton is not traded internationally, but the European Union, which has a cotton spinning capacity much higher than its fibre production, imports considerable quantities: more than 1 million tonnes from 1986 to 1990,945000 tonnes in1994. The United States, the former Soviet Union, Syria, Pakistan, India, Paraguay, Israel, Argentina and, during certain periods, China are the main suppliers. Intra-Community trade, however, remains limited, though it is increasing.
296. In the European Union, the scale of cotton production is limited, in terms of both surface area planted and number ofproducers. However, it is concentratedin certain areas of Greece and Spain where it plays a very important socioeconomic role. The area planted with cotton in the Community rose from 422 600 hectares in 1994 to 480 000 hectares in 1995 (450 000 hectares in Greece and 30 000 hectares in Spain), and Community unginned cotton production for the latter year is estimated at I 350 000 tonnes (l 250 00 tonnes in Greece and 100 000 tonnes in Spain) as against 1 334 000 tonnes in 1994. The European Union is 25 to 30 7o self-sufficient in cotton fibres, its consumption being around 1 250 000 tonnes.
I One bale = approximately 217.7 kg. 84 AGRICULTURALMARKETS
297. The Community aid scheme provides for a guide price (ECU 106.30/100kg from 1995196onwards) and aid equivalent to the difference between that price and the world price, granted to ginners who pay a minimum price to the producer. If the production of unginned cotton exceeds a maximum guaranteed quantity (MGQ), the guide price and the amount of aid are reduced proportionally.
298. The Commission, pursuant to its undertaking made at the December 1993 Council to reflect on problems specific to the cotton sector with a view to equitable management, submitted to the Council a report on the operation of the aid scheme and, in particular, the stabilizer mechanism.
299. On the basis of that report, the Council decided to maintain the basic structure of the current scheme while adjusting it from the 1995196marketing year as follows:
(i) increasingthe MGQ to 1 031 000 tonnes while reducing the guide price proportionally, with the result that producers' incomes will be maintained, or in some cases increased;
(ii) redistributing the MGQ among the producer Member States on the basis of the relative scale of their production over a reference period (NGQ, national guaranteed quan- tity);
(iiD a reduction mechanism providing for national and no longer Community responsibil- itv:
(iv) combinedtermination of the reductionlimits (ceilingmechanism) and of the possibility of carrying over part of thesereductions from one year to the next;
(v) in order to simplify and allow more effective supervision,maintaining the grant of aid for unginned cotton, but coffecting that aid if the quantity of fibres produced from that cotton is not representative;
(vi) paying an advance on the aid with payment of the balance at the end of the marketing year;
(vii) termination of the aid scheme to small producers.
300. The reduction of aid in each Member State is proportional to the amount by which it exceedsits MGQ, set at782 000 tonnes for Greece and249 000 tonnes for Spain. There is no limit on this reduction, but it is cut if the level of the world price allows expenditure on the aid scheme to be limited. For 1995196,the first marketing year in which the new scheme applies, the reduction for Greece is estimated at ECU 2L579llOO kg. In Spain, on the other hand, as the quantity produced was so low, no reduction is being applied. AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 85
Seed flax
301. The European Union produces both fibre flax, grown primarily for fibre but also giving a high seed yield, and seed flax, grown exclusively for seed. The seed is used without further processing or crushed to obtain oil (for industrial applications) and cake used for animal feed.
302. The European Union imports large quantities of seed (around 325 000 tonnes ayear), in particular from Canada.
303. [n order to control production, a better balance between support granted for flax seed production and other current crops was sought. From 1993/94, non-fibre flax has been added to the list of arable crops (cereals, oilseeds, protein plants) benefiting from per-hectare aid under the reform adopted in May 1992. For 1995196a compensatory payment of ECU 105.1 per tonne multiplied by the regional cereal yield is being granted.
304. Since there was uncertainty regarding the aid scheme at the time of sowing, areas planted with seed flax fell in 1993: 204 6N hectareswere sown (as against 265 000 in 1992), including 155 800 in the United Kingdom, 29 200 in Germany and 10 700 in France. For 1994 the total area sown was 88 000 hectares, including 55 000 in the United Kingdom, 26 000 in Gerrnany and 5 000 in France. In 1995, the area sown is estimated at 121 000, including 54 000 in France and the same area in the United Kingdom.
Silkworms
305. Silkworms are reared in Greece, Italy and, to a lesser extent, France. Rearing accounts for only a tiny part of the Community's agricultural activity, and of world production, but is of some importance in Thrace, Veneto and Marche.
306. World production of raw silk has risen markedly in the last few years. According to the FAO, it totalled 104 000 tonnes in 1993 (68 000 tonnes on average from 1979 to 1981). By far the greater part of production is in Asia (98 000 tonnes): China (70 000 tonnes), India (16 000 tonnes), Korea (5 000 tonnes) and Japan (4 000 tonnes) together account for over 9OVo of world production.
307. The Community industry is finding it difficult to sustain its level of activity: increasing rearing costs are not always offset by the trend in market prices. Production is falling in Italy in particular. 86 AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
308. In 1994 successfulproduction totalled I 60l boxes, as comparedwith 1 850 boxesin 1993. This represented 37 000 kilograms of cocoons. For 1995/96 aid has been set at ECU 133.26 per box.
Fibre flax and hemp
Fibre flax
309. The total world area sown with fibre flax is around 1 million hectares, producing around 500 000 tonnes of fibre. However, it should be noted that, firstly, political developments in Eastem Europe have thrown flax production into disorder and, secondly, that precise information on production in China, another major producer, is inadequate.There is no trade in raw flax between the European Union and third countries. On the other hand, fibre imports sometimes reach levels capable of disrupting the Community market. The European Union has a deficit in medium- and low-quality fibres, which it imports from Eastern Europe, Egypt and China. On the other hand, it supplies the whole world with high- and very high-quality fibres, since these are not produced elsewhere. In 1994 it exported 69 500 tonnes, of which 43 500 were long fibres and 26000 short fibres.
310. The Community area planted with fibre flax, which had fallen substantially in recent years (78 900 hectares in 1990, 55 000 hectares in 1991 and 44 000 in 1992), continued a growth trend which started in 1993: 100 000 hectareswere sown in 1995. It should, however, be noted that 1 500 hectares are planted with fibre flax in the three new Member States. France, Belgium and the Netherlands have traditionally been the principal producer Member States. Production of this crop, which took off again a few years ago in Germany, and particularly in the United Kingdom, has also been on the increase in Spain. Raw flax, apart f,rom around 2 000 hectaresworth which is purchasedby the paper industry, is processedinto fibres by some 150 retting and scutching companies in the north-west of France (30), Belgium (100), the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. Overall, yields for 1995196seem to be somewhat lower than the average, which is around 8 tonnes of raw flax per hectare, of which 1 500 kg is fibre, I 000 kg seed and 3 500 kg by-products used for the manufacture of chipboard.
311. The market in flax fibre, depressedfor some years, picked up towards the end of the 1992193 marketing year following a distinct fall in the Community harvest for three years in a row on the one hand, and an upturn in flax consumption on the other. This balance on the market persisted throughout 1994195. However, towards the end of that marketing year, disposing of production became somewhat harder, although not enough to threaten the balance of the market in the short term. AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 87
312. Aid for fibre flax in 1995196was set at ECU 935.65 per hectare. It is graduated by production area and harvesting method according to the traditional seed yield per hectare. ECU 53.64 was withheld from the aid and used to finance measures to promote the use of flax. Aid for hemp was fixed at ECU 774.74 per hectare.
Hemp
313. The world area planted with hemp has fallen sharply in recent years: 150 000 to 200 000 hectareshave been sown as opposed to an average of 480 000 hectares for 1979-81. India, the Russian Federation, China and North Korea are the main producers. In the European Community production is very limited, concenffated essentially in France, with a very small amount in Spain. Certain other Member States (the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Denmark and Austria) are trying to get production of this crop off the ground. In 1995 around 10 000 hectares were harvested. Trade with third countries is very limited.
Tobacco
3 14. In 1994 world production of tobacco fell considerably in relation to the 1993 harvest (-2l.6%o) to 6 515.3 million tonnes. With 35.6 Vo of world production (in spite of a considerable fall of 32.8Vo over its 1993 harvest), China remains by far the world's biggest producer, followed by the United States, India and Brazil. The European Union, with 4.1 Vo of world production, continues to be in fifth place: in 1994 its production of leaf tobacco totalled 328400 tonnes, i.e. less than in 1993 ( -4Vo), although it maintained its percentage of declining world production.
315. The fall in production this year has had a favourable effect on prices, which rose on the markets of Malawi and Zimbabwe, considered to be indicative of world price trends (particularly for flue-cured and light air-cured varieties).
316. Growth in world leaf tobacco consumption was slower (+O.SVo) between 1993 and 1994. Cigarette and cigar production in the European Union of Twelve in L994 was slightly tp (lVo) on 1993.
317. Community tobacco exports to the rest of the world amounted to 208 400 tonnes in 1994 (209 700 tonnes in 1993), the main exports being of the oriental varieties, sought after for their aromatic qualities, and flue-cured varieties. Despite this stabilization in export levels, demand for oriental tobaccos and the dark air-cured varieties is falling. By contrast, there is a sharp rise in demand for flue-cured varieties. The European industry used about 682 000 tonnes of baled tobacco, of which 468 000 tonnes (68.7 Vo) were imported.
318. The 4Vo drop in Community production of raw tobacco in 1994 in relation to 1993 and the 17 Vo drop in 1993 in relation to 1992 is the result of the application of the reform of the common organization of the market in raw tobacco. This reform establishes a quota 88 AGRICULTURALMARKETS scheme by Member State and group of varieties (there are now eight groups of varieties, instead of the 34 groups under the old system), and puts an end to intervention and export refunds.
319. The total quota was set at 350000 tonnes for the 1994 harvest and Community production fell short by 6Vo. This reduction is significant for the fire-cured group of varieties, representing a 24Vo drop in relation to its guarantee threshold.
320. The Commission has continued to implement the reform, preparing accompanying measures (production quota scheme for producers, direct payment of the premium to producers and the 10Vo c?fryover) and strengthening control measures.
Hops
The world market
321. The world area planted to hops is around 90000 hectares of which almost 70000 hectares are situated in member countries of the International Hop Growers Convention (IHGC) and producer Member States of the European Union. There is also considerable production in China and the former Soviet Union, for which there are no exact figures, only rough estimates.
322. The areas under hops in the IHGC and the European Union have fallen on average,by just over 4Vo, with sharperfalls in Belgium (6.137o),the United Kingdom (5.17Vo) and the Ukraine (I8.25Vo). In New Zealand, on the other hand, there has been an increase of 7.81Vo.
323. The harvest in 1994, around 2450000 Ztr,t was markedly lower than in 1993 (by 300 000 Ztr or II Vo), and very close to the 1992 level. Product quality was lower with an alpha acid content of 6.4Vo (6.9Vo in L993) and total alpha acid production of 7 850 tonnes (9 300 tonnes in 1993). The harvest was particularly bad in the Hallertau in Germany because of the unfavourable weather conditions in summer 1994 (drought and very high tempera- tures).
324. World beer production, which is growing from year to year, is estimated at 1 238 million hectolitres for 1995. Since 8 297 tonnes of alpha acid would normally be used with hopping of 6.3 grammes of alpha acid per hectolitre, the quantity of hops produced would not in principle suffice to cover needs. It may be noted that hopping of 6.3 grams of alpha acid per hectolitre of beer means that around 6.7 grams per hectolitre must be
I One Ztr (Zentner) = 50 kg. AGRICULTURALMARKETS 89
available in the breweries, the difference arising from losses in storage and hop processing.
325. Furthermore, the breweries seem still to have stocks enabling them to cover production for six to nine months. It should be added that less alpha acid is needed than previously since there is a trend towards manufacturing less bitter beers, and as a result of constant technological progress.
The Community market
326. Hops are grown in eight Member States of the European Union (Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, Ireland, Portugal, the United Kingdom and Austria), with Germany represent- ing SOVoof the Community area devoted to hop growing, which totals 27 648 hectares.This is 1 265 hectares or 4.4I7o less than the area harvested in 1993.
327. The quantity of hops harvested in 1994 was much lower than in 1993. The total harvest was 740756Ztr, and average yield per hectare was 1.37 tonnes or 27 Ztr. Product quality was average to mediocre, with an average alpha acid content for the Union as a whole of 4.60 Vo for all three categories of varieties, representing 1 696 tonnes of alpha acid - 61 kg per hectare - for 1995 beer production.
328' Even though spot prices almost doubled on those for the 1993 harvest, producers were expecting better prices after the harvest short-fall of 1994. Reduced production in Germany means that contracts concluded in advance for 1994 cannot be honoured for certain varieties. This structural deficit in certain varieties has also been noted in the United Kingdom for the 'English production of Ale' type beers. Nevertheless,in comparison with the preceding years, fewer and fewer contracts are being concluded in advance, and for lower and lower prices.
329. Under the common organization of the market in hops, the Union has two types of financial commitments. Firstly, aid is granted to growers to enable them to atiain a reasonableincome level. For the 1994 harvest, the council set this at Ecu 4951 per hectare for aromatic varieties, ECU 532 r per hectare for bitter varieties and ECU 368 1 per hectare for other varieties, including experimental ones. Secondly, special aid is granied to hop producers converting part of their bitter varieties to others more suited to market require- ments. By March 1994, the Commission approved conversion plans for 3 263 hectares.The variety conversion programme will terminate on 31 December 1995. A temporary extension has been granted to certain Member States (two years for Spain, Portugal and Belgium and one year for the United Kingdom).
'old' ecus, to be multiplied by the new coefficient (l .207509). 90 AGRICULTURALMARKETS
330. Estimatesindicate a better Community harvest in 1995 than in 1994.
Seeds
331. The common market organization for seedsprovides for production aid for basic seed and certified seed belonging to some 40 different species of agricultural plant, including fodder seeds, rice and flax.
332. In 1995 the total area in the Community sown to seedsqualifying for Community aid was 328 099 hectares. of which 13 436 hectares are in the three new Member States. The total area concerned in the other 12 Member States rose by around 1 7o.
333. The areas cultivated for fodder grass seeds and fodder legume seeds were I53 245 hectares (10 153 in the new Member States) and l2l931 hectares (2963 in the new Member States) respectively. An increase on 1994 of area devoted to the production of fodder grass seeds (around9.5Vo) and a decrease compared with the same year of the area devoted to fodder legume seeds(around 5.7 Vo)has been noted for the 12'old' Member States, both of which continue trends noted over the previous few years.
334. The total area devoted to rice seedswas 16 50S hectares, with an increase of around 2.lVo on 1994 figures. There has been an increase in the case of indica rice (4 550 hectares' 2l.6fto up on 1994) and a decreasein the caseofjaponica rice (11 958 hectares,10.5 7o down on 1994).
335. The area used for the production of fibre flax seed and seed flax seed was 22075 hectares (of which 155 hectares in Sweden) and 12 331 hectares (of which 123 hectares in 'old' Austria and Finland respectively). Taking all the Member States together, there was an increase of 11.5 Vo for frbre flax (following an increase in the area planted in Belgium and France) and a fall of 28.8 Vo for seed flax (despite an increase in the area planted in Germany).
336. The area sown for hybrid maize seeds was 53 353 hectares (of which | 673 ate in 'old' Austria). This represents a fall of around 8.9Vo on 1994 for all the Member States combined, largely as a result of reduced areas in France and Germany.
337. As regards seed eligible for Community aid, total imports into the Union in the Igg4lg5 marketing year (30 658 tonnes) continued to exceed exports to third countries (19 113 tonnes), thus confirming the trend recorded over the last decade. Imports of hybrid maize seed totalled 64654 tonnes, of which 49051 tonnes (around 75.9Vo) were simple hvbrids. AGRICULTURALMARKETS 9I
Flowers and live plants
338. This market organization covers a wide range of products: bulbs, live plants (ornamentals' and nursery products), cut flowers and foliage. The market organiiation includes quality standards and customs duties, with no specific protective -earu.äs against imports other than any safeguard measures which might prove necessary.
Over 119 the last few years production and trade have increased in both the European Union and other countries.
340. Around 115 000 ha are used for ornamental horticulture, of which abott 22000 ha for bulb production, principally in the Netherlands.
341. Community imports from third countries totalled 230 000 tonnes in 1994, with a value of ECU 725 million, which represents an increase of about 67 Vo on the figures for 1988. About half of this quantity was fresh cut flowers, the Union being the biggest market in the world for this product. The majority of these flowers (approximately 80Vo) are exempted from customs duties under agreements concluded with third countries, such as the generalized preference system for Colombia and other Central and South American countries and the agreements concluded with the ACp States under the Lom6 convention.
342. Four Mediterranean countries (Israel, Morocco, Jordan and Cyprus) are granted tariff reductions within set quotas, provided that the import prices for certain cut floweis (roses and carnations) are not below a cerüain percentage of the Community price. Under the new Mediterranean policy, the quotas are increased by 3 Voa year for the first three countries and by 5Vo a year for Cyprus.
343. Colombia is losing its place as the Union's second most important supplier of fresh cut flowers (19 665 tonnes) to Kenya (24 0Il tonnes), while Israel remains in first place (27 888 tonnes).
344' Community exports to third countries totalled around 34 000 tonnes in 7994, with a value of ECU 1.17 billion, the principal exports in order of importance being live plants and nursery products, bulbs, fresh cut flowers and foliaee.
345. The external trade balance for the entire sector is positive, with a surplus of ECU 450 million in 1994,i.e. considerablyry (24Vo)on 1993.However, more fresh cut flowers and foliage were imported than exported. The trade deficit for flowers in 1994 amountedto 40 000 tonnes,with a value of ECU ZZ million. 92 AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
Animal feedingstuffs
346. Large quantities of agricultural produce are used for animal feed, including much of the Communiiy's output of cereals and oilseeds and virtually all of its permanent grassland and fodder production from arable land. Three quarters of all the European Union's UAA (utilized agricultural area) is used for this purpose. Furthermore, feeding costs can account for up to 70Vo of the production costs of pigmeat and poultrymeat.
347. Overall demand t has been stagnant since 1990: the fall in the cattle sector (milk and meat) has been practically offset by the increase in demand in the pig and poultry sectors. Aggregate supply z is composed approximately half of feedingstuffs which are not generally marketed (grass, hay, silage) (around 180 million tonnes of FU), mainly used for ruminants. The other half, which can be used for all animals, consists of feedingstuffs which are marketed (cereals, substitutes, oilcakes, etc.) where competition (prices, nutritional value) is extremely intense. Since the inffoduction of the CAP reform in 1993, and unlike previous years, the quantities of cereals used in animal feed have increased to the detriment of substitutes, most of which are imported.
348. Total animal consumption of the key marketable products 3 in the Union is estimated at 177 million tonnes in 1994195(the same level as in 1993194).This consumption is made up of, on the one hand, indigenous products, estimated at 125 million tonnes (down 0.4 million tonnes on the previous year, caused mainly by lower domestic protein crop production) and, on the other hand, products imported from non-member countries, estimated at 54.5 million tonnes, i.e. up 0.4 million tonnes on the previous year, as a result of several trends in imports:
+ 0.5 million tonnes of cereals for animal feedingstuffs,
- 2.7 million tonnes of substitutes and other energy sources, mainly manioc,
+ 1.6 million tonnes of oilcake, including + 1.9 million tonnes of soya, and
- 0.3 million tonnes of other oilcake.
349. Exports of key products over the same period remained almost stable at around 2.5 million tonnes (+0.2 million tonnes of protein-rich products)'
This includes all marketable and non-marketable animal feed. Estimate for EUR 12' Estimate based on the feed balance expressed as FU (feed units) equivalent to the energy provided by I kg of averagebarley. Source: Eurostat. 3 used in the Community by the compound feed industry and by Covering most of the marketable feedingstuffs 'Animal farmers (farm consumption and purchasesof raw materials) and set out in the table consumption of key marketable products, EUR 12'. Source: DG VI. AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 93
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The rate for countries not members of GATT, including China, was 18 Voin 1994 as against 68Vo in 1993, above all as a result of the sharp fall in Chinese exports (China alone 12Vo in 1994 as against 65Vo in 1993). Utilization of China's sweet potato quota rose from 70 Vo in 1993 to 88Vo in 1994; (ii) the manioc voluntary restraint agreement with Thailand covering 21 million tonnes over four years ended on 31 December 1994. Since the 1994 GATT agreement rules forbid the opening of new voluntary restraint quotas from 1 January 1995, it was transformed, with a view to its renewal from 1995 to 1998, into an annual tariff quota opened by the Commission on authorization from the Council. The new EU/Thailand agreementunder the GATT provides for total imports of 2l million tonnes of manioc from Thailand on the basis of annual quotas allowing 5.5 million tonnes to be imported every year and any remaining balance in the fourth year (but still up to a maximum of 5.5 million tonnes). The import duty on the quota quantities stays at 6Vo ad vqlorem; (iii) the current agreements governing quotas for manioc from Indonesia, other GATT countries, China and other non-GATT countries, which all expire at the end of 1995, will be renewed by the Commission for 1996 in accordancewith the new rules under the GATT agreement, with no change in the quantities provided for. 351. Total industrial production of compound feedingstuffs in the Uniont in 1994 increased to lI7 million tonnes, up 1.8 million tonnes or l.6%o on 1993. This rise is mainly due to the significant increase in the production of feedingstuffs for poultry, which increased to almost 33 million tonnes (+4Vo) and, to a lesser extent, the growth in production of feedingstuffs for cattle (+2Vo), whereas compound feedingstuff production for pigs fell by almost 2Vo.In terms of total production of compound feedingstuffs by Member State, the largest increases were recorded in Spain and Ireland, and to a lesser extent in the United Kingdom and France. The largest decreaseswere in Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. Production in Italy remained at the same level as in 1993. 352. The factor determining feed composition continues to be the prices of raw materials and their movement relative to one another. 353. The weighted average price of the key marketable products in the Union fell by about 9 Voin lgg4lg, over the previous marketing year, mainly as a result of a 21 7o fall in the price of oilcake and other proteins coupled with a fall in the average price of cereals of about 5 7o and of substitutes estimated at 3Vo. The following table gives the average prices in the Community since 1990/91. Provisional figures for EUR 12 not including Luxembourg, see Table 4.13.7.3, Part 2. Source: European Feed Manufacturers' Association (FEFAC). AGRICULTURALMARKETS 95 weighted average price of key marketable productsr EU average (estimate) (ECU/t)2 Vo change Products 1990t91 t99It92 1992/93 1993/94 r994t95 t993t94 1994/95 I - All cereals 169.0 163.4 r54.6 130.5 123.1 5Vo II - Substitutes and other energy-rich feeds 1t3.4 117.4 106.3 99.7 96.r 3Vo - n Oilcake and other proteins 127.5 r33.9 r30.0 r42.5 1r3.3 -21 Vo - [V Total weighted average price 148.5 r47.1 138.6 121.2 116.0 9Vo I lndicator of the bend in averase mices in tle Euopem Union of the key maketable products ad Lheir pritrcipal constrtuenrs. Fo-r weight€d by the shre of :T,lllä;;i ;"ii;;iä;'ffi;d],'äiä'lffiJj::L:T.:ygtion. dachcereal;j,'ffi1ä"":.ffi''J'#i:f[:',i#ö'#"1f,$'..ff.ff:i:lÄT?,',"#ffJtrTlffT,",l:f[Sm avimge Eu pti* ii"ä'"riät o ty i,äte-ril;;d#,n-*.0.ää"tug" pricein eachMember srate by Source: DG YI. 2 old green ecu over the whole mriod for compüison purposs; (not including the cortrtitrg factor ot 1,2075@ applicable 1995). ftom I Februily Weighted average price and animalconsumption of key marketable products (EUR12) (ECU/t) 210 (milliont) /\ proteins 190 i \ --- 't. - \, \ Cereals\ 170 a.\-- ..- Total 70 150 50 \ -'--./ 130 \--t -t----t-'a Other energy-richfeeds 110 Other energy-richfeeds Price Consumption1 30L a a .f s- eE d d" c' d ddssd 1 Includingformer GDR from 1990/91.1994/95: estimate: Pricesin old ecu/tonne(i.e. coefficientof 1.207509applicable from 1.2.1995ignored). Source:Vl-C-z, supply balancefor key products. Figure 14 96 AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 354. For 1995196,the third stage in the reduction of the common prices under the reform of the CAP, livestock consumption of cereals will depend on developmentsin import prices and currency parities. Milk and milk products World market 355. World production of milk (including cows' milk, buffalo rnilk, sheep's milk and goats' milk) will t"uin 526.5million tonnes in 1995, a rise of 1 million tonnes, which is a reversal of the downward trend since 1990. Production in the developed countries will again be slightly down as a result of the decline in the Commonwealth of IndependentStates and the countries of Central Europe. In the developing countries, on the other hand, production should continue to rise by 2Vo, ip from 180 million tonnes in 1994 to 184 million tonnes in 1995, representing 35Vo of world production. In Africa production should remain stable for the third year running. In Central and South America a rise of 2Vo is expected.In Asia production should increaseby around 2.5Vo, to reach 180 million tonnes,the greaterpart of it in India, the largest producer in the developing countries with 63 million tonnes, which should rise by 4Vo in 1995 after the unsettled weather of last year. In Korea, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh, production should also be up. 356. Production in the counffies of Eastern Europe fell by 25Vo between 1990 and 1995 to give a combined shortfall of 36 million tonnes. In 1995, however, production seems to be iecovering in a number of countries. Overall there is expected to be a slight shortfall in production because of the virtual standstill in the size of the herd at the end of 1994. 357. Deliveries since 1991 in the countries that together make up the OECD have been rising at the very modest rate of O.35Voannually to give an overall figure of 227 million tonnes in 1994 and229 million tonnes in 1995. In the same five-year period deliveries in the EFTA countries have remained stable at around 12.8 million tonnes. In the European Union, too, deliveries have been maintained for four years at around 103.1 million tonnes. 358. The countries responsible for the rise in production are Australia, the United States, Canada and to a lesser extent Japan. In the United States milk production is expected to increase by 3Vo in 1995. The reason for this is the availability of fodder and the use of recombinant bovine somatotrophin,the positive and/or negative effects of which will be seenin the longer term. In Canada a rise of 3 7o is expected as a result of the increase in the Canadian quota in lgg4tgs. Production in New Zealand,after the record high of 1994, should fallby 2Vo on account of the cold snap from December to February. In Australia it will be up 27o sitce the milk production areas were unaffected. AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 97 Community market 359. As regards the Community market, the size of the dairy herd has fallen by I.5 Vo,or 320 000 head, bringing the number of dairy cows to 20.7 million in June 1995. The drop in numbers is offset by the rise in yields, from 5 224 kg/cow in 1994to 5 309 kg/cow in 1995,a rise of r.5 7o, which is below the annual averageof + 2 vo. 360' Production of milk has remained very stable at around 111 million tonnes since 1992. Similarly' and for the fourth year running, deliveries remain stable at around 103 million tonnes despite the increasein the Greek, Spanishand Italian quotas.The fat content of milk, on the other hand, has continued to rise, meaning increasingly large adjustments. 361. Butter production, which on presenttrends is showing an annual averagedrop of 3.8 Vo, totalled 1.68 million tonnes in 1994. A reversalof the trend is forecast with an increaseof I .3 Voin 1995. 362. Production of cheese was only very slightly up ( + 0.4%o) in 1994 and remained at 5.7 million tonnes. In 1995 it is expected to rise to 5.8 million tonnes, an increase of I.6Vo. which is more in line with the annual rate of growth of 2.2Va since the introduction of the quota system. 363. Total production of all forms of milk powder is continuing to fall very slowly and will reach2.I2 million tonnes in 1995. The drop varies, however, dependingon the type öf powder. Production of skimmed-milk powder, for example, is distinctly do*n*Ldr 4-% in tig+ anA -3vo G in 1995) while that of other types of powder continues to be fairly stable. 364. Production of condensedand evaporatedmilk continues its downward trend although at a slower rate (- 0.5Vo) to remain at 1.27 million tonnes. Casein production in 1995 willlotal only 100000 tonnes, representing a fall of almostgZo. 365' Orrerall consumption of dairy products in the European Union, having remained stable at around 94.5 million tonnes between 1989 and 1993, roie bv 2.g vo in L994. 366. Total liquid milk consumption rose slightly (r vo) to reach a little under 27 mil- lion tonnesin 1994.Whole milk now accountsfor only half of total consumption,although in 1986 it was two thirds, i.e. double that of reduced-fatmilk. 367. cheese consumption continues to grow, by + 2.5 vo in 1994 and + I Vo in 1995. and now absorbs95 Vo of cheeseproduction. 98 AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 368. Since1988 demand for butterwas everdownwards as consumersswitched to yellowfat productscontaining less butterfat. Butter consumptionin1994, however,rose by l'2Vo andis expectedto remainat its 1993level in 1995.The changein the trendof the demandfor butter is undoubtedlythe result of the 2 Vo reductionin the interventionprice for butter in 1993 and the 37o reductionin 1994. 369. Community stocksare at an all-time low: stocksof butter and skimmed-milkpowder in in the middle of ^Septemberpublic storage siood at 19000 tonnes and 18000 tonnes respectively tbgS. Not alonein Europebut alsoelsewhere in the world, no further stockswere uuuilubl" for export, with the result that prices for dairy productshave risen from the second half of 1994(see attached Table). 370. In view of the attractivenessof high world prices, export refunds were reduced in order to avoid disturbing the domestic market and its regular supply. From 1 January 1995 refunds have been reduced by lSVo for whole-milk powder and condensedmilk, by l7 Vofor butter and skimmed-milk powder and by lIVo for cheese. 371. European Union exports of milk products fell during 1994 by 1.9 million tonnes in terms of milk equivalent, ör -157o. The Union's share of world trade fell by 4 percentage points and is now only 40 7o.Exports of butter and butteroil fell by 234o to 154 000 tonnes, of skimmed-milk powder by 5lvo or 138 000 tonnes, of condensedmilk by lSVo and of cheese by 2Vo to 510OOOtonoir. The countries of Oceania were the only ones among the Union's cämpetitors to see an increasein sales,which account for just over 3 1 Voof wotld exports' New Zealand exports 85Vo of its production and Australia 557o. 372. As regards imports into the Community, it should be noted that imports of casein rose by 49Vo to 87 000 tonnes. Imports of other products changed only very slightly' 373. Commitments entered into under the GATT Uruguay Round called for changes in the 1 Community trade arrangements introduced by Regulation (EC) No 1466/95 governing z exports with all their implications, and Regulation (EC) No 1600/95 which applies in the same way to imports. 1 0J L 144, 28.6.1995. 2 0J L 151 . t.7.1995. AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 99 Mitk (milliont 80 70 eö S€d d EUR12 + ex-GDR .9olSymptioncalculated on basis of total milk equivalent(milkfat con- tent) figures. 1988consumption includes 324s milliont for animalfeed. 1.00 (milliont 0.75 Butter stocks* 0.50 0.25 0 * Publicand privatestocks covered by Article6 of Regulation(EEC) No 804/68.Position on 31 Decembör. source; Europeancommission, DG for Agriculture. Figure 15 IOO AGRICULTURALMARKETS I International prices and GATT minimum prices (usDh) 2 GATT SMP GATT Year Butter GATT Butteroil GATT Cheese 050 1 200-1400 l 100-t250 600-680 950-1 1 000 I 200 I 000 600 1985 1 000-1050 I 200-1400 I 150-| 21s äöä;ö 150 I 250-1350 I 100-1200 680-720 I 050-1 1 000 I 200 1 000 600 1986 800-1100 800-1300 I 000-1100 680-720 680 750-1100 950-1250 900-1200 760-840 1 000 1 200 1 030 150 1987 900-1150 I 100-1300 1 000-1300 890-1 900 I 150-1350 | 200-1400 1 250-1500 1200 1 150-1550 I 100 | 325 050 I 050 l 988 1 350-1500 1 300-1500 I 800-2050 I 350 1 750-2 100 I 050 I 800-2000 2 000-2300 1 900-2100 1 350 I 800-2 1250 1 500 640 1 200 1989 I 650-1900 1 800-2150 r 900-2 200 1 500 1 350-1 700 1 550 1 600-1900 r 700-2000 | 200-1 1990 350-1 1 350 | 625 I 500 1200 1 350-1500 1 600-1800 1550-2 000 i;öö i;öö 400 I 400 I 600-1800 l 600-1900 1 200-1 r99l 350-1 I 350 1 625 1 s00 t 2oo I 450-1850 | 675-2250 I 600-2100 i l;ö i 8öö 900 r992 l 350-1600 | 625-1950 l 750-2100 r 550-1 1200 1 350 | 625 1 500 flO 1 350-1800 | 625-2 200 I 800-2100 | 775-2 000 1 350-1500 1 625-1800 | 750-2 r00 1 650-2 tt* 1 3s0 | 625 1 500 1200 1 350-1550 r 475-1800 | 615-2000 i ;öö; ööö 1 250-1660 1994 r 000-1350 | 475-1700 I 650-1900 1200 3 1 500 | 200-1600 3 I 600-1800 I 700-1875 i ;öö i ööö | 650-2250 r995 | 350-2 400 1 600-2600 1 800-2100 | 200 I 350 1 625 I 500 350 1 850-2400 2 300-2 600 I 900-2100 2 050-2 md July to De@mbel respectively I Where two rets of prices re given for each yer these lefel to the periods Juuuy to June 2 SMP = skimmed-milk powder. year' 3 Minimum GATT pricei for butter and butteroil suspended from 1 May 1994 for one Milk deliveries (million t)t 1994 t9952 Country 1990 1991 1992 1993 229.2 (24 countries) 224.9 222.1 222.7 224.0 221.2 OECD 103.1 103.1 of which EUR 12 107.9 105.1 103.3 103.1 68.5 70.6 USA 66.3 66.0 67.5 67.3 I Production minus farm use and direct sales. 2 Estimates. Milk production (millions t) t994 1995r Country r990 r99r 1992 1993 109.6 r08.6 Eastern Europe 1 t44.6 136.3 n9.6 114.8 82.4 82.0 of which: former Soviet Union 108.2 104.0 89.0 86.3 I Estimates. AGRICULTURALMARKETS 101 World market exports in milk equivalentr 1990 r99l 1992 r993 19942 Country 1000t Vo 1000r Va 1000t 7a 1000t 7o 1000t %o EUR 12 12451.6 47.2 12837 .5 46.0 13856.5 41.5 13151.8 44.4 rr 233.7 39.8 New Zealand 4 532.5 n.2 5 244.4 18.8 5 r47.t t7.6 5 249.3 r7.l 5 833.8 20.6 Australia I 911.8 7.2 2 382.0 8.5 2 422.7 8.3 2 739.5 9.3 3 013.9 10.9 USA 328.6 r.2 884.2 3.2 15T.2 5.4 2 49r.6 8.4 | 873.7 6.6 Canada 625.0 2.4 127.8 2.6 562.4 r.9 330.6 1.1 38r.4 1.3 EFTA 2 152.4 8.2 1813.0 6.5 r 498.1 5.1 r 655.0 5.6 r 41t.3 5.2 EasternEurope and CIS 2 565.1 9.7 2 424.6 8.1 2 815.6 9.6 2 746.4 9.3 2 910.8 10.5 Other countries 1821.1 6.9 1611.0 5.8 | 304.3 4.5 r 248.9 4.2 r 4t7.5 5.0 Total 26388.1 100 27924.5 100 29r83.9 100 29612.9 100 28256.1 100 I Except f9r c3|ei.n and fresh products on the basis of Community ' coefficients. hrgures for third countries are provisional. Beef and veal 374. After two consecutive years of decline (-1.6Vo in both 1992 and 1993), world production of beef and veal is picking up again ( + 0.9 Voin 1994 and, according to estimates, +O.8Vo in 1995). This rise is to be attributed in particular to North America, where it was encouraged by an increase in the production of fodder cereals. Production of beef and veal fell steeply, however, in Russia and the other countries of Eastern Europe. In Australia, where stockfarmers had to contend with a serious drought, 1995 should see a fall in production of beef and veal, accompanied by restocking. The decline should continue in Eastem Europe and growth should slow in the developing countries. 375. Stimulated both by rising incomes in certain countries and by falling market prices for beef and veal, consumption has kept pace with the rise in production. Consumption of beef a1d veal is continuing to rise in the United States, Brazil, Norway, Japan and other countries of South-East Asia and to decline in Eastern Europe, Argentina and South Africa. 376. World trade in beef and veal has been affected by certain curency fluctuations, and in particular the depreciation of the American dollar and the new rise in the value of the yen. As a result, sales of beef and veal to Japan have continued to increase by more ttran iOO OOO tonnes per year. While exports of beef and veal are down in Australia (on account of the drought) and Europe, they are up significantly in the United States, Canada and certain Latin American countries. Demand for imported beef/veal continues to be firm in Japan and other countries in Asia experiencing strong economic growth (China). Uruguay and Argentina have concluded an animal-health agreement with the United States to faciliiate theiiexports. IO2 AGRICULTURALMARKETS 377. prices for beef and veal are relatively low in the United States although cereals prices are tending to rise, which reduces the profitability of meat production. This trend in feed prices may ultimately lead to some destocking of breeding cattle and a reversal in the production trends. Whereas international prices for beef and veal are tending to fall on markets on the Pacific rim, they are firmer on Atlantic markets' Beef and veal Production ('000 t carcass weight) 1993 r994 7o change 1995 7a change rl 194 + 5.8 tr 444 + 2.2 USA 10584 - 6 840 6 600 - 3.5 6 000 9.1 CIS - 494 + 0.8 Argentina 2 508 2 474 1.4 2 3 005 3 160 + 5.2 3 255 + 3.0 Brazrl - 5.8 Australia 1 814 | 827 + 0.7 | 730 594 602 + 1.3 609 + 1.1 Japan + 12.0 China 2 34r 2 455 + 4.9 2750 2 458 2 496 + 1.5 2 550 + 2.2 India - + 2.7 EU 7 710 7 380 4.3 90501 World 52745 53 220 + 0.9 s3650 + 0.8 I Includine Austria, Finland and Sweden. 378. On the Community market, following on the firm prices recorded in 1993 and 1994' the market for beef and veal has experienceä a cyclical rise in production and a fall in prices since the beginning of 1995. PriCes for beef and veal are currently slightly above the I threshold for intervention, the intervention price for R3 category adult male animals since July 1995 amounring to only ECU 347.501100kg after falling by l5vo in three stages. 37g. Offsetting the fall in the institutional price, premiums are paid direct to producers and under a quota system for around 11.2 million male bovine animals (ECU 108'7/head) around 11.4 million suckler cows (ECU l44'9lhead). 380. Since 1994, cattle numbers have stabilized after falling very steeply in the early 1990s' of The cyclical fall in slaughterings brought about a sharp fall in production of beef and veal around 1.3 million ton tJr, amounting io - 15 Eo over three years, and Community production in 1994 stood at only 7.380 million tonnes. This reversal in the market situation has brought buying-in to a halt io, -or" than two years. Furthernore' an extremely vigorous policy to t"äu"J quantities of intervention beef in storagehas brought public stocks down to an almost negligible level of less than 20 000 tonnes. 381. With beef and veal exportsin both 1993 and 1994 standing at over 1.2 mrllion tonnes, accounting for around one quarter of the world market, the European Union was the foremost world exporter of beef and veal in the early 1990s. Access to the community market has AGRICULTURALMARKETS 103 Meat (milliont) I ., I 1 ,l::. ,,,ir.,,. Begf and Veal I I I I rl d includingformer GDR (milliont) r.brhrherta -arrJ"r'?' Ih qr [*hb ,-t' Consu,nption u J, I : :::.1:':.. 1 . ,.::. 1,25 :,. : ...rr. tt-a- i,:1, \_ ;:i1,j;:ljj;:":;:'' :;i:':':t 1,00 I :.,...,:..:. : I '..:.,::',,:ji:: I I Sheepmeat an(t goatmeat '::':''.'.'I I 0,75 s e8 €d s source; Europeancommission, DG for Agriculture. Figure 16 104 AGRICULTURALMARKETS been improved by the opening of new import tariff quotas and the implementation of association agreements with certain countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Sheepmeatand goatmeat 382. World production of sheepmeatand goatmeat appearsto be in decline with reductions in production in most of the majör producing areas in recent years. It stands at approximately 10 million tonnes but due to several factors, including the decreased value of wool, decapitalization of livestock and the reduced profitability of this sector compared with others, the trend in production is downward. 383. World trade is dominated by New Zealand which exports up to 400 000 t of meat each year and Australia whose exports, often in the form of live animals, reach over 300 000 t annually. The European Uniän is the world's second largest producer after China and its largest importer und Exports from the Community, on the other hand, are negligible. "ottto-er. 384. On the Community market production is expected to fall by O.6Voto 1 163 000 t in 1995 due mainly to significant dicreases in French, Irish and, to a lesser extent, UK production. Consumption may fall marginally to 1 396 000 t. 385. Intra-Community trade, which fell to 242 000 t in 1994 due to production decreasesin the main exporting countries and the disruption to the transport of live sheep from the UK and Ireland to Continental Europe, is likely to decrease further in 1995 for the same reasons. 386. France will remain the most important recipient of internal trade. 387. Market prices in 1995 have been influenced by consumer resistance to high prices, reduced competition between domestic slaughterers and shippers of live lambs, culrency weaknessesin the main producing countries and the crllry-over of year-old sheep onto the spring market in 1995. The average Community market price for lamb reached ECU 314 per fOO11g, down 6 Voin 1994. fne fatt in prices was particularly severe in Finland which had the lowest price in the Community. j88. Imports into the Community are expected to reach 240 000 t in 1995 down marginally on 1994. New Zealand and Australia will probably fulfil most of the quantities provided for them in the voluntary restraint agreements and GATT tariff free quota regimes in 1995. However, the reduction in imports-from Eastern Europe, evident in both 1993 and 1994, will continue in 1995 as the destocking of sheep and goat flocks continues to reduce production in those countries. AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 105 389. Imports in the sector were carried out principally under temporary adaptation of the voluntary restraint agreements(VRA) with the main supplier countriäs in the first half of the year. From 1 July 1995 these agreementswere replaced by the GATT regime with imports taking place in the second half of the year within tariff reduced or tariff free quotas. In this way the calendar year measurement of imports was maintained (unlike in other sectors) and the first full GATT year in the sector will be 1996. 390. The combined import possibilities under the VRAs and the GATT quotas in 1995 was 303 600 t marginally up on 1994 due to the GATT agreement and increases in the import possibilities for Eastem European countries under the Europe agreements. 391. The level of the Communityewe premiumset for 1994 was ECU 17.7gper ewe (old ecu)and the rural world premiumat ECU 5.5 per ewe.No usewas made of privale storagein t994. 392. In 1995 to date, two advances on the ewe premium have been fixed totalling ECU 15 628 per ewe. The conditions for the opening of private storage tendering werä fulfilled throughout 1995. A private storage scheme *u. op"oid in May in tretanA due to the very poor market for year-old sheep (hoggets). Private storage for lamb was operated in Ireland, Northern heland and Finland at different stages during the summer and autumn. Private storage stocks of lamb amounted to 700 t at the end of 1995. 393. The outlook for 1996 is for a further slight fall in production due to the decreasing profitability of the sector. Consumption, however, should remain stable due to increasin! imports. Sheep numbers will decline slightly to 97 million head and intra-Community tradä will also decline marginally. A similar trend may be forecast for the medium term. Pigmeat 394. With production of 15129 000 tonnes (EUR 12) in 1994, the European Union is still the second largest producer in the world after China. In accordance with forecasts, world production of pigmeat in 1994 increased in the main producer countries except the European Union, where production fell by around l%o.In 1994 production continued to rise in China and the united States, which produced 33.8 and 10.3 million tonnes respectively. 395 The fall in production in the European Union in 1994 contributed towards a general rise in prices. The downward trend in production also continued during the first nine äonths of 1995. From the second quarter of 1994 to September 1995, pigmeat prices rose to a 106 AGRICULTURALMARKETS generally satisfactory level for producers. Profitability in the sector improved from May tgq+. ftr" index expressing the ratio between market prices and pig feed was above 95 as compared with an average profitability of 85 in 1993 while the average index for the first nine months of 1995 is 101. 396. To strengthen the short-term outlook for pigmeat in early 1995, a private storage aid measure covering 70 000 tonnes of fresh or chilled meat was needed from February 1995. At the same time, export refunds on certain pigmeat products were reduced. This reduction in refunds permits compliance with the GATT agreements, which provide for a limit on quantities exported during the period covered by the agreements and a limit on expenditure on refunds. 397. As to trade with third countries, in 1994 EU exports totalled 973 497 tonnes (+ 33.1Vo over 1993), the highest level attained to date. However, at 52 O0Otonnes imports werc 5 Vo ,down on 1993. 398. The scheduled reduction in subsidized exports in the wake of the GATT agreements requires more careful management of the whole industry in forthcoming years' particularly as regards the balance between supply and demand. A fall in pig numbers throughout the Union is desirable if the inevitably lengthier periods when prices fall cyclically below the profitability threshold as a result of over-production are to be avoided. 3gg. At Community level, the self-sufficiency rate has remained high in 1995 (104'7 Vo)but production in the Union should be lVo lower than in 1994. The accessionof the new Member States from I January 1995 has altered the ratio between production and consumption slightly by reducing the self-sufficiency rate, which would otherwise have been 105 Vo for the Union of Twelve. 400. The animal-health situation remains critical in Germany where classical swine fever has been present without let-up for almost a year in certain I'iinder. However, there was a slight improvement as from the surnmer of 1995. Poultrymeat 401. From 1991 to l994,world production of poultrymeat increased steadily by an average of 4.6Vo per year. In the United Statesthe rate of increasewas even higher (5.6Vo).Inthe- other main producer regions, production increased in Brazil and China (annual rate of change: + 18.7Vo) but fell in Eastern Europe, Russia included, and in Japan. AGRICULTURALMARKETS IO7 Meat (milliont) 8 Production ',F: -/ .::.::,'rl .:i j l-t-- 'ir. -.'r ilili i umption ....'r..,:l' JaF- ^t-O '''"' '.'al::' .:.. ;.,,:.'' ,,., ; ..::i:l -1212€'2tf,De- .":,'.,-...... r. _.,r.:, .-..,,ii- r,.t 'i.. .' jt . r. r:,!:::r' r -.- :+ . .r L/-äl .:.. . .j ii::.::il:r:lit ""'i1u1i,lii: Pnl Itrymeat ..,,t. .i.. ..,,...... :"'..,.:1,..-;':l':i..... i,;;;;.1 - .. ..'i:-'' -1 ..:'i:::r: , s EE ^8 dc EUR12 Includingformer GDR (milliont) {A Prc'duction -/ '{-- ''ffffi _\\b 14 :onsumption ,,i -t l:ta;r. Pignreat 10 s d € dd EUR12 Includingformer GDR source; Europeancommission, DG for Agriculture. Figure 17 108 AGRICULTURALMARKETS Poultrymeat production (l 000 tonnes) United USSRor World Year Brazil China Japan Hungary EUR 12 Others States Russia production 1986 8 262 r 680 | 879 | 421 2 988 445 s 443 7 165 29 283 Vo 28.2 5.1 6.4 4.9 t0.2 1.5 1,8.6 24.5 r00.0 r987 9 105 1 865 2 040 | 465 3 126 470 5 784 t 416 3t 2tr 1988 9 212 | 997 2744 | 4tl 3 107 465 5 997 t 640 32 693 1989 9 93r 2 r39 2 820 | 423 3 233 420 6 108 6 279 32 353 l 990 10645 2 416 3 229 | 39r 3 169 426 6 336 6 182 33794 r99r tt 204 2 691 3 950 | 351 I t5r 320 6 766 7 66r 35700 r992 11885 2 932 4 540 | 361 | 428 320 6 932 8 202 37 606 1993 12396 3 2r1 5 736 I 368 r 271 307 6 915 8 549 39759 1994 13207 3 468 6 600 r 320 1 200 320 7 194 8 793 42 t02 Vo 31.4 8.2 15.1 3.1 2.9 0.8 17.l 20.9 100.0 ARCI 7o 94t9r 5.6 8.8 18.7 - 0.9 - 1r.8 0.0 2.1 4.1 5.1 r995 t4 052 3 875 7 400 I 330 I 180 315 7 397 8 900 44 449 1994: Estimates. 1995: Forecasts. Since 1991, the Community figures include the five new German kinder. Until 1990, USSR; after 1991, Russia. I ARC = Annual rate of change. 402. The world market continued to expand slightly in 1995 thanks in particular to growing demand in Russia, China and Japan. The United States retained first place in the league of exporting countries in 1995 ( + 200 000 tonnes or 367o over five months) thanks in particular to its exports of low-value cuts and its various promotional programmes. In the first half of 1995, Community exports rose by 83000 tonnes (+28Vo). It is still too early to assessthe impact of the new measures connected with the GATT, which have been applicable since 1 July 1995. 403. From 1991 to 1994, total production of poultrymeat on the Community market increasedby 2.I Vo(ARC). In 1995 it should rise by a further 2.8 7o (EUR l2). The accession of the three new Member Statesadds a further 230 000 tonnes to production. The cost indices for chickens/feed were lower in the first eight months of 1995 than they had been in 1994. 4U. Poultrymeat qualifies for no support on the internal market. The measuresgoverning trade with third countries have been adapted to comply with the GATT rules, thus limiting exports with refunds to 440 000 tonnes from 1 July 1995 to 30 June 1996. This limit has led to a targeting of refunds as regards both countries of destination and products. 405. Import quotas at reduced customs duties continue to apply under the association agreements (Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania and Bulgaria)' In addition, 15 500 tonnes of boned chicken and 2 500 tonnes of turkeymeat can be imported at zero duty each year under the minimum access alrangements. AGRICULTURALMARKETS 109 Eggs 406. World productionincreased by 4.1 Voon averagefrom 1991to 1994.The increasewas moderatein the United Statesand the EuropeanUnion but high in China,where the rate of expansionwas 12Vo andproduction triple that of the EuropeanUnion. Egg production (billion units) United Eastern USSRor World Year Mexico Japan China EUR 12 Others States Europe Russia production r987 70 34 3l 82 118 81 90 512 Vo t3.1 6.6 7.2 16.0 23.0 15.9 tl .5 100.0 1988 69 34 40 85 139 82 89 538 1989 67 18 20 40 85 141 79 4l 496 1990 68 l8 15 40 82 159 79 38 500 r99l t0 20 I3 42 41 184 83 69 528 t992 7l 20 12 43 43 204 82 67 541 1993 72 20 11 43 40 236 80 65 568 r994 74 22 1l 43 39 260 84 62 595 Vo 12.5 3.7 r.9 1.2 6.5 43.7 14.l 10.5 100.0 APICl 7o 94t9r 2 I 3.7 - 6.0 0.9 - 6.2 I2I 0.4 - 3.2 4.r r995 75 22 1l 42 38 290 84 65 628 1994: Estimates. 1995: Forecasts. Since 1991, the Community figures include the five new German länder. Until 1990, USSR; after 1991, Russia. Sources: Eurostat, USDA. t ARC = Annual rate of chanse. 407. World trade was fairly stable from 1990to 1994. The main importer countries are still Japan (egg products) and Hong Kong (eggs in shell). Community exports fell 2.9 Voin 1994 but were 32 Vo up in the first four months of 1995. 408. On the Community market, the fall in placements should stabilize layer-hen numbers in the second half of 1995. The three new Member States should increase Community production by 5 billion units. Producers experienced much less favourable economic conditions during the first eight months of 1995 as compared with the corresponding period during the previous year. 409. The common organization of the market is similar to that for poultrymeat. 410. In trade, refunds are subject to a ceiling of 107 200 tonnes (eggs in shell equivalent in 1995/96). As in the case of poultrymeat, this limit has resulted in a targeting of refunds as regards both countries of destination and products. 110 AGRICULTURALMARKETS 411. The association agreements concluded with Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Bulgaria involve a 6OVo reduction in customs duties on certain egg products, which should rise to SOVofor all countries in the second half of 1995. Import quotas at a reduced duty under minimum access arrangements have been opened for ll2 000 tonnes annually. Potatoes 412. In 1994, becauseof the drought which affected a large number of growers, production was down in terms of quantity and quality on previous years, and prices rose steeply. The harvest is expected to be better in 1995, with prices showing a downward trend. 413. Potatoes are one of the products for which no market organization has been established.With a view to the completion of the single market the Commission presented a proposal three years ago for a common market organization for potatoes. The Council has not taken a decision. however. 414. With a total cultivated area of 1334 000 hectares, potatoes constitute a substantial crop in the European Union. They are grown in all the Member States, although, because of climatic and soil conditions, they are more widely grown in northern regions. 415. The Union is self-sufficient in potatoes, with the exception of early varieties. These are imported in winter and early spring from Mediterranean countries when no, or only limited, Community production is available; the main suppliers are Egypt, Morocco and Cyprus. During the past few years an annual average of some 400 000 tonnes of early potatoes have been imported from third countries. Honey 416. Worldproductionof honey in1994 was l.l4milliontonneswhichamountstoafall of 3.69 Vo on 1993 when production stood at LL9 million tonnes. 417. Production in the European Union is estimated at 123 9OOtonnes for 1994, an increase of 5Vo on the previous year. 418. Self-sufficiency was 5l.9%o inthe 1993194marketing year which is an improvement on the previous year. It is to be attributed to a fall in total imports. AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 1 1 1 419. The Council and Parliament agreed with the conclusions of the Commission's report on European beekeeping, abandoning the idea therefore of creating a new market orgariza- tion or of introducing a generalized system of aid in view of the state of knowledge and the current situation of beekeeping. A proposal for a framework regulation to improve honey production conditions could be adopted in the future with a view to remedying certain difficulties. 420. For the purpose of applying the GATT agreements, the common customs tariff for honey needs to be reduced by 36 Vo, which means it must come down to 17.8 Voby the year 2000, with a reduction rate of 6Vo per year. This could make it more difficult for Community honey to compete with world market products. 'Non-food' set-aside 421. In August 1995, the Commission regulationr which sets out the detailed implement- ing rules for cultivating pluriannual raw materials on set-aside land for use in the manufacture within the Union of products not primarily intended for human or animal consumption was integrated into that regulation setting out the rules for annual raw materials. The resulting regulation now distinguishes between raw materials which risk being diverted onto the food or feed market (which are controlled by a system of agri-industrial contracts and guarantees)and those which do not. 422. Other amendments were made to the regulation which are intended to simplify the administration of the scheme. 423. The list of eligible raw materials was extended to include Jerusalem artichokes and chicory roots, although the set-aside land upon which they are grown receives no compensation. 424. The revised regulation also introduces a system to monitor the forecast quantity of by-products resulting from those oilseeds grown on set-asideland which are constrained by Clause 7 of the Memorandum of Understanding on certain oilseeds between the EU and the USA. Clause 7 is interpreted as imposing an annual limit of one million tonnes of by-products, in terms of soya bean meal equivalent, for animal or human consumption produced on set-aside land from rape, colza, sunflower and soya. 425. Most recent data suggestthat total non-food set-asidein EUR 12 in 1994195amounted to 686 000 hectares, as compared with 264 O00 hectares in 1993194.Data for total non-food set-aside for 1995196are not yet available. I Regulation (EC) No 1870195of 26 July 1995 (oJ L 179,29.7.1995). II2 AGRICULTURALMARKETS 426. The 686 000 hectares in 1994195 included some 617 (XX) hectares of oilseeds, a significant proportion of which was used for biofuel. 427. Provisional data for 1995196suggest that around 948 000 hectares of oilseeds were grown on set-asideland in EUR 12, and some 971000 hectaresin EUR 15. 428. This represents around 950 000 tonnes of by-products in terms of soya bean meal equivalents. Scheme for starch produstion refunds 429. About 6 150 million tonnes of starch were produced in 1994 in the Union of Twelve, consisting of 3.4 million tonnes of maize starch, 1.45 million tonnes of wheat starch and 1.3 million tonnes of potato starch. 430. For the new Member States, total starch production is estimated at about 270 0OO tonnes. Production refunds 431. Production refunds are granted on about 4OVo of all the starch prodlced in the European Union. The purpose of the measure is to supply starch at world prices to manufacturers of certain non-food products to enable them to compete on an equal footing with imported products, which enjoy free access to the Community market. 432. In 1993194 refunds were paid for about 2 393 million tonnes compared with 2 375 million tonnes in 1992193(+0.74Vo), of which 1.3 million tonnes were produced from maize,0.76 million tonnes from potatoes and 0.33 million tonnes from wheat. Enlargement of the European Union 433. The enlargement of the European Union has led to the production refund scheme being extended to 60 000 tonnes of barley and oat starch produced in Sweden and Finland (Sweden 10 000 tonnes and Finland 50 000 tonnes) and to potato starch production quotas for the new Member States being adopted. The quotas for the three new Member States are as follows: Austria: 49 100 tonnes Finland: 54750 tonnes Sweden:63 900 tonnes. AGRICULTURAL MARKETS II3 Production refunds for starch (t e89-e4) (tonnes of starch) Member State 1989t90 1990t9l r99U92 1992/93 1993/94 BelgiquelBelgiö 54146 72 553 59 995 10280r 61095 Danmark 46 387 94 482 116184 lll 853 96 457 Deutschland 418445 490701 5r3 2r8 53r 725 52r 699 Elläda t3 479 5 886 6 974 8 138 7 875 Espafla r04 993 t21 170 r40 866 t47 801 r43 357 France 60623r 5348r4 638890 671 472 695627 Ireland 55 9r9 40151 0 8 301 8 429 Italia r73 280 167356 2r7 812 2r0 692 256 630 Nederland 277 438 291 868 36439r 347340 375 38r Portugal 0 0 0 0 l0 684 United Kingdom 252 596 2173t3 25r 552 2357 57 216221 Total 2 0635r4 2 048294 2 309 882 2 375880 2 393 456 Production refunds for starch (ree3-e4) (tonnes of starch) Member State Wheat Maize Potatoes Rice Total Vo Belgique/Belgiö 16500 37r23 7 348 r24 61095 3 Danmark 4 956 45838 45 664 0 96457 4 Deutschland 106956 203072 2rr 668 3 52r 699 22 Elläda 0 7 815 0 0 7 875 0 Espafla tr 557 rr9 909 11891 0 t43 357 6 France 108034 3547 65 232 828 0 695627 29 Ireland 791 7 368 270 0 8 429 0 Italia I gtl 223 r28 25 69r 0 256 630 ll Nederland 41 120 t7I 957 162304 0 37538r t6 Portugal 0 r0 684 0 0 r0 684 0 United Kingdom 27 801 123327 65 043 50 21622r 9 Total 325527 1 305406 762 106 177 2 393 456 100 lV - Rural development The factors that determine the future of the countryside 434. Since the 1988 reform of the Structural Funds, the European Union has introduced a specific policy for rural areas. 435. The countryside is undergoing radical change, and is increasingly subject to pressures that threaten an already fragile equilibrium. As a whole, predominantly rural areas represent over 80 Vo of the territory of the European Union, and over a quarter of the population. 436. There are increasing threats to the level of prosperity and to the environment in rural communities; agriculture, the main activity in many rural areas, is going through a serious crisis that calls into question the very basis of the existence of these areas.Certain rural areas are facing such risks as declining economic activity, an increase in average population age, the departure of young people, a lack of the services essential to the quality of life (discontinued because of an insufficient user base), and gradual depopulation. 437. Special attention was given to the problem ofrural areasin negotiations for the Treaty on European Union, signed at Maastricht on 7 February 1992. Article 1304 of the Treaty 'aim stipulates that, in order to strengthen economic and social cohesion, the EU must at reducing disparities betvveen the levels of development of the various regions and the backwardness of the least-favoured regions, including rural areas.' 438. In order to help rural ateas, all their assets should be exploited, and all the factors of their economic and social life should be taken into account; this means paying attention not only to agriculture, but also, at the same time, to all the other aspectsof rural life that are so important to creating a rural economy that is integrated, viable and conducive to a satisfactory quality of life. 439. Agriculture is still a very important activity in a number of rural areas in most countries of the European Union. Often, keeping agriculture alive goes hand in hand with the survival of these areas. This policy requires not only common organization of markets, if necessaryimproved or adapted, but also efforts to diversify output, improve product quality, 116 RURAL DEVELOPMENT and continue policies in the field of plant health or research. At the same time, further progress is needed on the modernization or adjustment of agricultural structures, to improve competitiveness, and on nature conservation in the framework of a policy of environmental protection. 440. However, it must be recognized that for many years now agricultural employment has been steadily declining. The solution consisting of a massive exodus to large urban conurbations should not be encouraged, since, in the first place, persistent unemployment hampers the recruitment of labour and aggravatesexisting problems and, in the second place, the flight from the land may depopulate certain rural areas and compromise the harmonious and balanced development of the territory of the European Union as a whole. That is why alternative solutions should be found to keep people in the countryside, as far as possible by creating new jobs outside agriculture in sectors like tourism, craft trades, small businesses, relief services, village renovation, and building maintenance to ensure the upkeep of housing or of the many buildings that make up the historic heritage it is so important to safesuard. 441. For the period 1989-93, about ECU 15 billion were allocated to rural development. It is planned to double this figure in 1994-99. 442. The policy for the development of rural areas must be implemented throughout the territory of the European Union. This can be achieved with the help of financial measuresin the framework of Objective 5a, and the measures to back up the reform of the CAP. However, priority should be given to the most seriously affected regions, and to the economically less-developed ones. That is why financing should be concentrated on Objective 1 and Objective 6 regions, and on Objective 5b areas, not only under Community support frameworks or Single Programming Documents, but also under Community Initiatives, in particular Leader. A Community policy for multi-sectoral rural development must contribute to maintaining and developing viable rural communities. Horizontal measures (Obiective 5al 443. Horizontal structural measures are those measures applicable throughout the territory of the European Union (Objective 5a) and relating to the improvement of the conditions under which agricultural and forestry products are produced, processedand marketed. These measures are optional for the Member States. RURAL DEVELOPMENT LI7 Eligibleregions under the StructuralFunds Objectives1,5b, 6 a ..-'- a \,f 1 ' '\."t. t(. . Objective1 tÄr.l- ffi . a Objective5b I a / fH objective6 ,'Di, fi .l t a orl\ o TADIIRA att eD A9ORES o cANARlAsd r^r{r^c*rz oGrrx*r* 0 _/ ,o" €,'A,^,^# Fill b lf-el burorlourull rrnnxnuell nEuxtoxI GUYANE d \( fd' '-6" ffi t' ei Tii;1,u .I Es#s# 118 RURAL DEVELoPMENT 444. The Member States have wide freedom in the choice of the specific means of implementing the Objective, and the possibilities for conditions and levels for different aid schemesare very flexible. This enables measuresto be concentrated on certain specific aims such as environmental protection, animal welfare or start-ups for young farmers. Improvement and modernization of production structures 445. Some 33 000 farms receive investment aid; this aid has been gradually restricted to combat agricultural surpluses. The emphasis is now on individual investment plans to enhance competitiveness, improve production conditions and diversify. The changes to conditions for aid decided by the Council in November 1994 (Regulation (EC) No 2843l 94 1) enabled the Member States to extend these schemes to more farmers than before. EAGGF Guidance Section commitments for investment aidr (ECU million) 1981-9r Member State 1992 1994 1993 average Belgique/Belgiö 6.841 6.832 4.937 6.508 Danmark 7.041 6.018 4.540 5.249 Deutschland 17.932 13.507 12.023 29.966 Elläda 25.740 43.r07 38.416 16.683 Espafla 45.119 64.196 56.329 24.150 France 44.3r8 42.489 33.492 46.877 Ireland 13.654 14.657 t6.401 9.848 Italia 30.545 23.110 20.865 Lt.740 Luxembourg r.264 1.816 2.295 1.000 Nederland t.627 1.588 1.180 5.656 Portugal 25.603 46.897 40.819 20.988 United Kingdom 4.003 5.185 6.468 n.400 Total 224.281 210.062 231.765 196.065 Source; EAGGF, Guidance Section. I Regulation (EEC) No 2328191. Young farmers 446. Aid to young farmers includesthe setting-uppremium and investmentaid granted under Articles 10 and 11 of Regulation(EEC) No 23281912;its purposeis to bring farms under the managementof young farmers, who are adaptable to the new situation of agriculture,by helping with installationexpenses. 1 OJ L 302,25.11.1994, p. l. 2 OJL 218,6.8.1991, p. 1. RURAL DEVELOPMENT II9 EAGGF Guidance Section commitments for aid to young farmers 1 (ECU million) 1987-1991 Member State 1994 1993 1992 average Belgique/Belgiö 12.198 tr.0I2 4.668 2.898 Danmark 4.572 4.164 4.202 r.966 Deutschland 28.177 19.836 13.678 1.rcl Elläda 4.414 3.072 2.082 0.595 Espafra 17.930 21.728 r0.375 17.015 France r03.304 91.068 86.4r9 41.970 Ireland 2.432 2.372 2.533 1.508 Italia 8.676 9.506 8.246 4.473 Luxembourg 0.84r L.trz 1.322 0.549 Nederland 1.t22 t.797 4.426 0.178 Portugal 13.663 tt .r90 r3.863 6.111 United Kingdom 0.095 0.112 0.121 0.91 Total r98.024 r82.969 r5r.94r 84.521 Source: EAGGF, Guidance Section. I Regulation (EEC) No 2328191. Mountain areas and other less-favoured rural areas 447. Specific aid measures for mountain and hill farmers, and farmers in other less- favoured farming areas, head the list of EAGGF Guidance Section commitments for measures under Objective 5a. 448. The mountain and hill areas and other less-favoured farming areas have continued to receive compensatory allowances to facilitate a continued agricultural presenceand maintain the population. This aid, intended to offset the generally higher production costs, is widely applied. 449. More than 1.1 million agricultural holdings receive such allowances. 450. The Council has identified mountain and hill areas and other less-favoured areas in Austria, Finland and Sweden using criteria defined on the basis of Community legislation to date and specific undertakings in the Act of Accession. 451. The less-favoured farming areas total 56Vo of all the utilized agricultural area of the Union of Fifteen. I2O RURAL DEVELOPMENT EAGGF Guidance Section cbmmitments for compensatory allowancesr (ECU million) t987-9r Member State t992 t994 r993 average Belgique/Belgiö 2.354 2.470 2.413 2.352 Deutschland 93.966 146.795 88.071 79.7 59 Elläda 6s.964 29.289 35.1l 9 38.924 Espafra 20.s68 r8.1 34 65.600 37.676 France 76.007 131.311 69.268 59.808 Ireland 31.382 103.520 86.634 45.233 Italia 30.329 44.481 31 .910 23.946 Luxembourg 2.708 4.618 2.464 2.201 Nederland 0.578 0.290 0.042 0.136 Portugal 6.770 16.316 51.942 2r.822 United Kingdom 42.402 44.533 39.567 40.352 379.028 54r823 473.230 352.208 Source: EAGGF, Guidance Section. I Regulation (EEC) No 2328/91. Measures concerning the processing and marketing of agricultural and forestry products 452. The application of measures to improve the conditions under which agricultural and forestry products are processed and marketed, provided for in Regulations (EEC) No 866/90 and No 867190,r to adapt it to the new phase of work of the Structural Funds (1994-99) called for the presentation by the Member States of plans to serye as a basis for drawing up Community support frameworks (CSFs) or Single Programming Documents (SPDs). For the areas covered by Objective 1, such plans, and indeed the remainder of the Objective 5a measures, were incorporated in the relevant regional development plans. 453. At the end of 1995, the Commission had approved 22 programrting documents under Regulations (EEC) No 866190 and No 867190: eight Single Programming Documents at national level, for Denmark, Spain, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Finland and the United Kingdom (not including Objectives 1 and 6 regions); - thirteen Single Programming Documents at regional level for Germany (North Rhine- Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Hesse, Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Hamburg and Bremen) and Belgium (Flanders, Wallonia and Brussels); ' OJ L 91, 6.4.1990,p. l. RURAL DEVELOPMENT I2I - one Community support framework for ltalian regions outside Objective 1; the imple- mentation of measures in this CSF materialized in the presentation of the following aid schemes: c 12 operational programmes for the improvement of processing and marketing conditions for agricultural products in the Italian regions outside Objective 1 (Bolzano, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Lazio, Emilia Romagna, Marche, Umbria, Tuscany, Veneto, Piedmont, Lombardy, Liguria, Trento), as well as a multiregional operational programme; o 12 operational programmes for the improvement of processing and marketing conditions for forestry products in the Italian regions outside Objective 1 (Bolzano, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Lazio, Valle d'Aosta, Marche, Umbria, Tuscany, Veneto, Piedmont, Lombardy, Liguria, Trento) 454. All the programming documents will be applicable from 1994 to 1999 (1995-99 for the new Member States) except the operational programmes for Lazio, Emilia Romagna, Tuscany, Veneto, Piedmont, Lombardy, Liguria, Trento, and all the operational programmes under Regulation (EEC) No 867/90, which are three-year prograrnmes (1994-96). Regionalmeasures 455. Rural developmentpolicy continuedto be implemented through measuresfinanced by the three Structural Funds in Objectives I, 5b and 6 regions. Objective 1 456. Objective 1 covers regions whose development is lagging behind as defined in Regulation (EEC) No 2052188,1and whosegross domestic product (GDP) is less than 75 Vo of the Community average. 457. Negotiations for the second programming phase (1994-99) were held throughout 1994, and continued into 1995. By 31 December 1995, the Commission had approved all six Community support frameworks and all 12 single programming documents. At the end of the year, 48 operational programmes for implementing the CSFs were approved. 458. The new Regulation widened the scope of the EAGGF Guidance Section into such fields as improvement of rural living conditions, the renovation of villages, a policy 1 Amended by Council Regulation (EEC) No 2081193(OJ L 193,3I.7.1993). I22 RURAL DEVELOPMENT of quality products and product promotion, support for applied research and financial engineering measures.The diversification of economic activity in rural areasinto other sectors, whetheror not connectedwith agriculture,is an essentialcondition for new job creationand therefore for slowing down the flight from the land. 459. Following enlargementof the EuropeanUnion, the kmd of Burgenland in Austria becamean Objective I region. lmplementation, country by country 460. The following description coversnot only measuresfinanced under CSFsor SPDs,but also those financed under the Community initiatives, dealt with in points 507-513. Belgium 461. On 14 June 1994, the Commission approved the SPD for the province of Hainaut. Implementation of assistancein 1995 was according to plan. 462. The Leader II programme was negotiated in the course of 1995. Germany 463. On29 July 1994the Cornmissionapprovedthe CsFforthenew Ltindercoveredforthefirst time by Objective 1. The operational programmes were adopted on 22 August 1994. With the exception of Berlin, all rural developmentaction is concenfiatedon a multifund programme by I'and, so that synergyboth within the EAGGF (Objective5a measuresand regionalmeasures) and between the Funds will enablethe best possible advantageto be taken oflocally generatedpotential. The implementation of the prografitmes went off to a good start in 1995. 464. Programmes under the Leader II Community initiative were adopted for allthe kinder on 29Much 1995,and all local actiongroups were identified. The IntenegII programmesforthekinder of Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Saxony were approved in July 1995. Greece 465. The CSF for 1994-99 was approved on 13 htly l994.It will be implemented through 13 regionalmultifund operationalprograrnmes (MOPs), which were approvedon 29 July 1994,and one national operational programme (OP), involving only the EAGGF and including Objective 5a measures, which was approved on 30 November 1994. RURAL DEVELOPMENT I23 466. Implementation went according to plan forthe national OP in 1995,but the regional MOPs were somewhat behind schedule. 467" The national Leader II programme was approved on 14 August 1995. Spain 468. The CSF was approved by the Commission on 29 June 1994. The regional operational programmes involving EAGGF financing and the multiregional programme under Objective 5a were approved on 14 December 1994. A technical assistanceprograrnme was adopted on 6 April 1995. 469. All Leader II programmes were approved on 27 Jlly 1995. 470. The Regis II programme for the Canary Islands was submitted to the Commission on 3 November 1994 andwas adoptedon 21 December 1995.This Community Initiative ensuresa follow-up to the measuresintroduced by the Poseicanprogramme in the first phaseof the reform of the Funds,its more generalpurpose being to offset the disadvantagesofthe outlying regionsofthe Union, whose remoteness increases costs. France 471' The SPDsfor the six Frenchregions covered by Objective1 wereall approvedon29 July 1994, whichenabledimplementationtogoaheadpromptly.Implementationin 1995continuedaccording to plan. 472. of the two Leader II programmes the one for corsica was approved on 5 April 1995. 473. The Regis II programmes conceming the overseas departments were put before the Commissionon 5 January1995. The prograrnmefor Rdunionwas approvedon 21 December1995. It incorporates measures under Poseidom and Leader II. Ireland 474. The CSFfor the secondphase (1994-99) was approvedon l3 July 1994.It largelycontinues the measuresof the earlier phasein agriculture, forestry and rural development.Implementation involves threemultifund programmes,approved in November and December1994. Their implementationin 1995 went according to plan, except for some delay in the operational programme for industry, which includes a subprogramme for the food industry. 475. The national Leader II programme was approved on 29 March 1995. 124 RURAL DEVELoPMENT 476. Following the outlook for a peaceagreement in Northern Ireland, a specific Community Initiative for Northernkeland and six bordercounties oflreland, the PeaceInitiative, was approvedon 28July 1995;thelrishshareof thesemeasuresaccountsfor2OVo of thetotalfinancingavailable (ECU 60 million), including 6 Vofor agriculture and rural development (see also points 492 and 513). haly 477. TheCSFfortheperiod 1994-99(Abruzzo: I994-96)wasapprovedon29July 1994.The arrangementsforgrantingStructuralFundaidinvolveasinglemultifundoperationalprogrammein each region, except in Calabria and Abruzzo. 478. Two MOPS concerning Sardinia and Apulia were approved respectively on 25 Sep- tember 1994and22May 1995.Exceptionally, to enablethe MOP for Campaniato beginpromptly, the decision for the EAGGF share was adopted on 6 June 1995. The MOPs for Sicily, Molise and Basilicata were approved on 28 September and 12 December 1995. 479. On 14 Decemberl994,Italy alsopresented a monofundEAGGF multiregionalprogramme to promoteagricultural advisory servicesand relatedactivities; it was approvedby the Commissionon 19 October 1995. 480. On 5 April 1995,three programmes underl-eaderll were approved:they concern Abruzzo, Basilicata and Campania;two otherprogrammeswere approvedon 14 September1995 forApulia and Sardinia, and a furtherone on 28 November 1995for Calabria.The programmesfor Sicily and Molise are still awaiting approval. Netherlands 481. The only SPD, that for Flevoland, was approved on 29 June 1994. It was implemented according to plan in 1995. 482. The Leader prograrnme II was approved on 29 March 1995. Austria 483. A Single Programming Document (SPD) was introduced on 29 March 1995for the Land of Burgenland. After negotiations between the Austrian authorities and the Commission, it was approvedon 15 November1995. The areacovered is only 3 966 ksrf , or 4.7Vo of the nationalterritory, with 270 000 inhabitants, or barely 3.5 7o of the total population. 484. The priorities adopted for the programme comprise the development of trade, industry and employment, research, tourism, environmental protection, agriculture and rural develop- ment. RURAL DEVELOPMENT I25 Portugal 485. The CSF for the secondphase 1994-99 was approvedon 25 February1994. 486. The PortugueseCSF includes four multifund operational prograrnmeswhich involve the EAGGF;theyhadallbeenapprovedbyFebruaryandMarch l994,enablingthemtogetofftoarapid start. 487. In 1995,implementation went to plan, exceptfor the MOP on enhancingregional development potential,which was delayedowing to redraftingrequested by the Portugueseauthorities to adaptit to the Corfu EuropeanCouncil resolutionon local employmentinitiatives. In order to offset the damage causedby the drought,the compensatoryallowances were increasedand funding was providedfor the supply of drinking water for animals and for restarting agricultural activities. 488. The Leader II programme was approved on 29 March 1995. 489. The Regis II programme for the Azores and Madeira was adoptedby the Commission on 28 March 1995. In particular, it continues the measures under Poseima. United Kingdom 490. The SPDsfor eachof the threeregions concemed (Northern lreland, Highlands and Islands and Merseyside)were all approvedon 29 July 1994and were implementedaccording to expectationsin 1995. 491. Two LeaderII programmeson Northernkeland and the Highlandsand Islandswere approved respectively on 29 March 1995 and 14 August 1995. 492. Following the outlook for a peaceagreement in Northem Ireland, a specific Community Initiative for Northem keland and Ireland, the PeaceInitiative, was approved on 28 July 1995; Northem keland's share of these measuresaccounts for SOVoof the total financing available (ECU240million),includingSVoforagricultureandruraldevelopment(seealsopoints476and s13). Objective 5b 493. Objective5b concerns the development of ruralareas in difficultywhich do not fall withinthe scopeof Objective1.It appliesin 12MemberStates, namely Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Spain, France,Italy, Luxembourg,the Netherlands, Austria, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom, bearing in mind that the entire territory of Ireland, Greece and Portugal is covered by Objective 1. T26 RURAL DEVELoPMENT ()P oocaoooo\o$ocaFo r- 3 F= O\nO\SO\OOO-!nq, ql ).e- 6oo:=oo:r-\o\o:\o t E5I : .F *cg AAd _F oqc?qnc{')qqoqnqq oq ^a C.l O O O\ $ O \O !-r cQ a \n \O N> Jötörn Oco O öl Fl - !-< !, \J \J \J \J \J \./ \J !/ Y V V a ^=\/-^42- \J \j \-/ \./ \J v v ÖÖÖ+Öo$oooo\- \J \/ !/ \1 oo rA r^ !, \J \-/ \,/ \J V v Y/ v Y v ooööco\OO\O\nF-Oca t C.l ö cO C $ rn f- öl C-l cO cA \n !-r\OOcaC\lcOO Oca t-t '-r -'i C.l Öl Fi O\ oqqq\oeqoqn\q\ ^a \ b<> ölOOf-\OOOco$aoo \n JcaÖf-FiO*OFi$ r-i !-l l- $l r- oo F- f- o\ \n \o Öl \o N Ö.1 Fr @Fr\nf-O\O\$Fr\Of-@i N t'-C\O\$\noOO$O\O\n O co oo - o\ r- € ca t-r ca N \n \o v ocaooo\oc\l o\$ L. =JCO-,F'rO - -9qoq\oq9\qnn q !-i äl s O O O Cal Fr O t-r tn O t-{ Fr äE ft nnqqcJqqneciq \ üe.E OcoO\noof-c.)@Oca$- a r\;r-).= @caO\ca*cÖ t-rcA A F? !-r O\ C'l N f- EeeA.v- =qnq\?\oqqqqn=q 9 ä;5 \a \oo\öINo\@tns\ncoo C.) =.- F N Fi CO Fr C.I t-r {).Ys ! FH 9 ot; oqqc?qqoqn\qv?\ n -a\ t-r ca -v s C'l O OO cO $ $ @ \O O C'l bv9 N ea Fi q:I N cA !-r C.l öl C{ ca qrl a- ()li rl at (t) rrl \qnqnaqq-\o'l \ ä.t \o öl o r- \n co o\ o co oo r- c\ öo\ \OO\\O$öl\r)cA$ca$S !O ;=o\ -'iÖ\nOtnO\f-Frf-O \lt- /- F $ C.l \O !-r öl cO Öl t€ öl cE \qq9!?qeqqnn q s OOf-O$tnrncOl,nd\O a F \n \o \ö \n $ \o \n \o \o \n \o qenqqqqq\qoq q rrl [nOO\S-f,ölOObcat-r O Jcnoo$O\\O\OooOölca ca \noo$O\Fi\n\O Frf-Ca S \O O\ !n Fr ÖI O\ OO !-r \O -\n r A arl) \J\.J\J\./\J\J\./\/VVN !.^L ;i::-r \n A OOOOOOOOTnOO\ v. - 9J <-;\.F ca :t oO O O\ öI \O \n \O oO \n F /)v-V-* ( | - - Jr,\,r l- \O O\ Ca Fr \O @ Fi t-r O\ Ca O\ l- rr lr] i -F F cA ca \O C\ tn $ ca C'l ca a 1-l !-r C-l !-l F{ O\ o .vFEl ,r; a Fü'o rc - li 9p () -E EF V 0) E + E E = g ,F SEg.F E r E HäE a EA E:,FÄ EE E.E 8 5 RURAL DEVELOPMENT T27 494. The rural areaseligible for assistancefrom the Union underObjective 5b featurea low level of socioeconomicdevelopment, assessed in terms of the gross domestic product per inhabitant, and must also meet various criteria, in particular as regards the share of total jobs accountedfor by agriculture, the level offarm income and population density. Specific criteria are also taken into consideration, in particular the sensitivity of the area to the development of agriculture, the remoteness of the areas or islands, and the pressures on the environment. 495. In 1994, the Commission formally approved the list of eligible areasfor the nine Member Statesof the Union of Twelve (Decision 941197tEC). tThe list of areasin the new MemberStates was approvedon 17 February I 995 for Austria and Finland 2 and on 18 April 1995for Sweden.3 After theseCommission Decisions, the total population in the areascovered by Objective 5b is around 32.7 mlllion, i.e. 8.8 Voof the total population of the Union, and the total areacovered represents approximately 26Vo of the Community's territory. Population and area covered by Objective 5b (1989-93 and 1994-99) Population (1 000 inhabitants) Area 1km2; Member State 1989-93 r994-99 1989-93 t994-99 Belgique/Belgiö 256 448 3 446 6 831 Danmark 107 36r I 162 8 374 Deutschland 4 441 7 823 5054r 96 r78 Espafra 992 | 731 63 359 85223 France 5 830 9 759 185853 29t 558 Italia 2 904 4 828 34 660 80486 I uxembourg 3 30 164 831 Nederland 443 800 2 4r3 5 405 Österreich 2 276 50040 Suomi/Finland r 094 95 2r9 Sverige 754 52746 United Kingdom r6; 2 84r 60618 67 987 Total t6 604 32745 402816 84087 6 Data revised to take account of most recent national censuses. 496. The Commission approvedall the programmescovered by aid applicationsfrom the Objective 5b regionsin the MemberStates of the Union of Twelve,with the exceptionof the technicalassistance programmesforFrance.TheprogrammesforFinlandwereapprovedon 13Novemberandthosefor Austria on 4 December 1995. 10JL96, 14.4.t994. 2 cJL g,4.3.1995. 3 0JL92, 25.4.1995. T28 RURAL DEVELOPMENT Objective 5b 1994-992 Community appropriations allocated to Member States Community allocation Member State in ECU millionr Belgique/Belgiö 77 Danmark 54 Deutschland | 227 Espafla 664 France 2 238 Italia 901 Luxembourg 6 Nederland 150 Österreich 4TI Suomi/Finland 194 Sverige 138 United Kingdom 811 Total 6 877 t EUR 12: at 1994 pnces. New Member States: at 1995 prices. 497. Theprogrammeswith alinkwith Objective 5b involve 81 regions in 12Member States.The integratedmultisector approach is usedin theseprogrammes, which will be monitoredand assessedin the framework of partnership. The common aim of these prograrnmes is to maintain and develop viable rural communities. 498. The priority objectives are as follows: (i) diversification of the primary sector, (iD development of non-agricultural sectors, (iii) developmentof tourism, (iv) conservation and development of the natural environment, (v) development of human resources, (vi) technical assistance(including on-going assessmentof the implementation of measures). Objective 5b 1994-992 Community appropriations allocated, by development priority (Not including new Member States) Appropriation Priority (ECU million, 1994 Prices) Diversification of the primary sector 1134.5 Development of non-agricultural sectors | 736.5 Development of tourism 787.0 Conservation and development of the natural environment 895.0 Development of human resources 887.5 Technical assistance 93.s Total 6 r34.0 RURAL DEVELOPMENT I29 499. Partnership involves specific Objective 5b Monitoring Committees for each pro- gr:rmme. The Commission stressedthat all these Committees should be set up u, .ooi u, possible. It also argued for full membership of the Committees for the representatives of social and economic interests. One of the Committees' most important jobs ii to programme and supervise monitoring and appraisal of the results of the -andprograrnmes; they are also responsible for monitoring ilrangements to publicize measures infot- citizens of the involvement and support of the Structural Funds. Objective 6 500' For Sweden and Finland, a new Objective was introduced pursuant to Protocol No 6 of the Accession Treaty. Objective 6 concerns the Nordic areascharacterized bv an extremelv low population density (equal to or lower than eight inhabitants per km2;. in generat, the provisions of the Structural Fund regulations, and specifically those applicable to Objective 1, also apply to Objective 6, which incorporates measuresunder Objectives 3, 4 and 5a into a single programming and indicative budget. Finland 501. The Finland SPD was submitted on 8 March 1995 and approved by the Commission on 11 July. It covers 2O6OOOkm2,or 6l.l%o of the totut ariu of Finland. and 840000 inhabitants, only 16.6 Vo of the total population. 502. The priorities are development of trade and competitiveness, development of human resources, agricultural and rural development, forestry, fishing and the environment. 503. The total cost of the programme is ECU r 326.1 million, with a community contribution of ECU 459.9 million including EAGGF aid of ECU 177.6 million (3g.5vo). Sweden 504. The SPD was submitted on 29 April 1995 and approved by the Commission on 6 November 1995. It covers 214 640 km2, 55 vo of the iötd -"u-of Sweden, and barelv 45I690 inhabitants, or 5.2Vo of the total population. 505. There are five priorities for action in this SpD: (i) the development of employment, trade and industry, (ii) the promotion of know-how, (iii) agricultural output, fishing and natural resources, (iv) rural development, 130 RURAL DEVELOPMENT (v) the development of LaPland. 506. The total cost of the programme is ECU 635 million, with a Community contribution of ECU 252 mlllion including EAGGF aid of ECU 61.38 million (24.4vo). Community initiatives and innovative measures Leader II 507. In 1994 and 1995, in partnership with the Member States,the Commission negotiated the contents of the Leader iI ptogru-*"s at regional or national level for 1994-99; it no longer plays a direct part in the selection of projects, as was the case for the first phase' 508. As a result of these negotiations, 67 multifund programmes were approved by the Commission (30 in Objective 1 areas and 37 in Objective 5b areas); the Community contribution totals ECU I242 million for a total cost of nearly ECU 3 094 million. A further Community contribution of ECU 230 million was decided in 1995, to reinforce Leader II. 50g. Good progress has been made with implementing the Leader tr initiative: all the programmes ior Greece, Spain, keland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and the Ünit"O Kingdom have been approved. For the other Member States of the Union of Twelve, several regional programmes were adopted in 1995. The programmes for the three new Member States were submitted to the Commission in July and September 1995. The prograrnme for Burgenland was approved on 21 December 1995' 510. With a view to establishing a network at European level for rural development measures, to enable practical experience to be transferred and promising innovations to be identified, a European monitoring system for innovation and rural development was set up on 1 April 1995. Other initiatives 511. Within the framework of the Interreg II Community initiative, three programmes for the new German kinder were approved in July 1995 and a programme for Austria on 21 December 1995. 512. Three Regis II programmeswere adoptedby the Commissionin 1995;they concern the most remotc regions:R6union (France), the CanaryIslands (Spain) and Portugal. 513. On 28 July 1995, the Commission also approved the operational programme_ implementing the specific Community initiative for Northern Ireland and border areas of heland, the peace initiative, intended to promote and assist the current peace and RURAL DEVELOPMENT 131 reconciliation process. The overall budget for this measure for the period 1995-97 is ECU 416 million, including a contribution from the Structural Funds of ECU 300 million (80Vo fot Northern Ireland and20Vo forthe six border counties of Ireland) (see also items 476 and 492). Finally, to counteract the effects of bad weather conditions, it is planned to extend the Interreg Community initiative to include measures to combat floods and drought. Innovative measures The 114. measures planned under Article 8 of Regulation (EEC) No 4256188,1amended by Regulation (EEC) No 2085/93,2 are many and varied: pilot and demonstration projects; technical assistance; assessmentstudies: measures for disseminating results. 515. With a view to the efficient and transparent management of this instrument for the support and promotion of rural development and the adjustment of agricultural structures, a call for proposals was published.: The projects received in response to this call were appraised by independent experts and by the commission departrnänts concerned. Accompanyingmeasures Environment 516. Regulation (EEC) No 20781924continues and considerablyextends the measures provided for, before the reform of the cAp, in Article 19 of Regulation (EEC) No 2328t9t.5 517. Under these programmes, farmers are to adopt environmental production methods or take steps to safeguard nature and the landscape. They must commit themselves to continue with this action for at least five years (or 20 years, in the case of long-term environmental set-aside). Aid is fixed as a function of the area concerned and the type of crop to be ' OJL 374, 3l .12.1988, p. 24. 2 OJL 193, 31.7.1993,p. 44. 3 OJL 303,29.10.1994. 4 OJL 215, 30.7.1992,,p. 85. 5 OJL 218, 6.8.1991, p. I . 132 RURAL DEVELOPMENT produced. The Commission has approved 160 agri-environmental programmes submitted by the Member States or the regions under this Regulation. SlB. Following the accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden, those countries submitted programmes at the beginning of 1995, which were duly adopted' 51g. For the majority of the programmes, a system of expenditure monitoring enabled a close watch to be kept on the development of expenditure on agri-environmental measures thus ensuring effective implementation of the programmes. The first year of application is t995. 520. The Commission and the Member States have begun to think about monitoring and assessmentof the implementation of the agri-environmental measures' The Commission will see that this supporting measure is efficiently and uniformly applied in the Member States. The Community aid scheme for early retirement (EEC) 521. The Community aid scheme for early retirement instituted by Regulation No 2079t921 aims to.encourage younger farmers, who can improve the viability of the remaining holdings, to take over from elderly farmers. 522. Ten Member States currently implement this aid scheme in the form of national or regional multiannual programmes. Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom do noi apply the measure; and Finland is the only new Member State to do so. 523. Taken together, the prograrnmes' objective is the retirement of around 205 000 farm- ers and 7 500 farm workers. The area released should amount to almost foUr million hectares, a part of which will be used for non-agricultural purposes, such as forestry and the creation of ecological reserves.The remainder of the area releasedwill be taken over by farmers, with priority often being given to young farmers, who will use it to extend their holdings or set up as farmers practising farming as their main occupation. 1 OJ L 215, 30.1.1992, p. 91. RURAL DEVELOPMENT I33 Forestry measures in agriculture 524. Pursuant to Regulation (EEC) No 2080/92 r instituting a Community aid scheme for forestry measuresin agriculture, the Commission adopted the national prograrnmesof Austria and of Finland, and some amendments to existing prograrnmes. Other forestry measures 525. Several measures were also adopted with a view to safeguarding European forests, a concern that Parliament has expressed, in particular, in its resolutions of 11 February and l1 March 1994. Under Regulation (EEC) No 21581922on protection of the Community's forests against fire, the Commission approved the lists of high-risk and medium-risk areas, and delivered a favourable opinion on forest protection plani. l 526. Under Regulation (EEC) No 3528/86 on the protection of the Community's forests atmospheric lgaingt pollution,3 it also adopted Regulations (EC) No 690/95a and (EC) s No 1398/95 to set up a programme of intensive permanent surveillance of European foresi ecosystems.In addition, in cooperation with the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe the Commission published its annual report on the health of European forests. 527. By Regulation (EC) No 2015/950 amending Regularion (EC) No 762/947 taying down detailed rules for the application of Council Regulation (EEC) No 1765/92,8 the Commission decided to count arable areas withdrawn from production for environmental purposes or for afforestation as non-rotational set-aside. Agricultural research 528. In the period 1990-94 agricultural research has been funded in two specific programmes financed by the Community Researchand Technological Development (RTD) budget: t OJ L 215, 3.7.1992,p. 96. 2 OJ L 217, 31.7.1992, p. 3 3 OJ L 326, 21.11.1986p. 2. 4 OJ L 71,,31.3.1995,p.25. s OJ L 139, 22.6.1995,p. 4. 6 OJ L 197,22.8.1995, p. Z. 7 OJ L 90, 7.4.1994,p. 8. 8 OJ L 181, 1.7.1992, p. lZ. I34 RURAL DEVELOPMENT (1) 'Competitiveness of agriculture and management of agricultural resources (CAMAR), 1989-93'1 (2) 'Agriculture and Agro-industry, including Fisheries (AIR), 1990-1994'.2 529. The RTD budget for the above (ECIJ 205 million) has been used principally to fund 266 research,technological development and demonstrationprojects. In addition, support has been provided for seminars,workshops and training grants. 530. Reports received and publications available indicate that the results being obtained are on target io help solve some of the problems facing the common agricultural policy and rural development. 'Agriculture 531. A new specific programme for the EU in the field of and Fisheries (including agro-industry, food technologies, forestry, aquaculture and rural development) (FAIR) t994-1998'3 was launched in 1995 with a significant increase of funds. 532. A significantpart (ECU 260 million) of the total prograrnmebudget of ECU 650 million is for agriculture, forestry and rural developmentRTD. 533. Proposals from the first calla were received in 1995. By the closing date,52O submissions, competing for the ECU 45 million available in 1995, had arrived. A total of 35 projects conceming scientific research in agriculture, forestr5r and rural development were ielicted. A further 16 projects were placed in reserve, in case funding becomes available. Genetic resources in agriculture 534. Regulation (EC) No 1467194son the conservation, charactenzation, collection and utilization of genetic resourcesin agriculture has a programme of five years, with a budget of ECU 20 million. The objectives are to help ensure and improve the conservation, oJ L 58.7.3.1990. oJ L 265.2r.9.r99r. oJ L 334,22.12.1994. oJ c 357, 15.12.1994. OJ L 159,28.6.1994,p. 1. RURAL DEVELOPMENT 135 characterization, documentation, evaluation and utilization of plant and animal genetic resources useful for agriculture in the EU. 535. A first call for proposals was published, I resulting in the submission of 72 proposals for shared cost and concerted actions, competing for the ECU 3.5 million availablelor 1995. The eight projects selected so far aim to improve the conservation and use of specific animal and plant genetic resources. I OJ C 368, 23.12.1994,p. 24; and OJ C i7, 29.3.1995,p. 16. v_ Financingof the cAP in1 995 First assessmentof the reform of the GAp 536. The 1995 financial year is the second in which the main budgetary effects of the reform of the CAP have been felt. A first and generally positive assessmentis now possible, showing that, despite the increased costs resulting from currency fluctuations andinlarge- ment' EAGGF Guarantee Section expenditure stayed within the ceiling on expenditure set by the agricultural guideline. Cereals prices remained high, so ensuring better incomes foi producers, while public stocks, which placed a particularly heavy burden on the agricultural budget before the reform, were absorbed. 537. It should be emphasized that these results were achieved even though any estimate of future expenditure in agriculture is extremely hazardous. Up to 20 months- may elapse between the forecast and the execution of certain items and many unforeseeable factors, both intemal and external, like the ecu/dollar exchange rate, may influence expenditure; difficul- ties in establishing forecasts are also aggravated to a large extent by the major shift in direction of the CAP, which calls for a fundamental adaptation of the mechanisms currently in force. Budgetarydiscipline The guideline 538. Like previous years, 1995 will continue to be subject to the requirements of budgetary discipline and in particular to compliance with the guideline resulting from the ug.""tn"nt reached at the February 1988 European Council meeting in Brussels and extended to t99g on the same basis at the Edinburgh European Council of December 1992. In order to curb CAp expenditure, the guideline limits its annual rate of increase. 539. The general trend in EAGGF Guarantee Section expenditure since 1989 can be summarized as follows. 138 FINANCING OF THE CAP IN 1995 EAGGF - Guarantee Section (ECU million) 1989 r990 l99l t992 r993 t994 I 995 36 465 31 944 Guideline 28624 30630 32 5lr 35039 36657 Expenditure financed within 970 34 4912 the guideline 24 406 25 069 30961 31r 19 34 590 32 3 495 3 4472 Margin 4 2t8 5 561 I 550 3 920 2 067 32910 34 4972 Total expenditure 1 25 873 26 454 31184 31950 34 590 I All types of expenditure have been financed within the guideline as from 1993. 2 Provisional. Trendof EAGGFGuarantee Section - Expenditure (ECUbillion) 40 35 - r-\-\\r -tt' / // / --J 30 t - Guideline -\ // Expenditure* 25 \-t- \--- 20 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995* 1996 * Provisionalfigures for 1995. Sources.'DG Vl - EAGGF. Figure 18 FINANCING OF THE CAP IN 1995 I39 540. The guideline for 1995 was set at ECU 37 944 million; the initial budget for this financial year provided for appropriations amounting to ECU 37 925.5 million, nöt including the appropriations entered in respect of the monetary reserve (ECU 500 million). That amount was reduced by ECU 1 028.5 million following the adoption of supplementary and amending budget No l/1995. Thus the appropriationrälo.ut"d to the EAGGF Guarantee Section for 1995 amount to ECU 36 897 million (commitment appropriations excluding the monetary reserve), leaving a margin of ECU I 047 million with respect to the guideline. The monetary reserve 541. The ECU 500 million entered as a provisional monetary reserve is intended to offset the impact of significant and unexpected fluctuations in the US dollar/ecu exchange rate recorded on the market as compared with the parity used when the budget was drawn up. That reserve is not included in the guideline. 542. If the trend in the dollar/ecu parity is favourable, the savings made in the Guarantee Section are transferred to the monetary reserve up to a limit of ECU 500 million. In the opposite case, funds are transferred from the reserye to the Guarantee Section headings adversely affected by the trend. A threshold of ECU 200 million is laid down. below whiöh transfers to or from the monetary reserve do not take place. 543. The monetary reserye is only used exceptionally, as illustrated by the fact that own resourcesamounting to one twelfth of the general budget excluding the monetary reserve are called on each month. Thus own resources corresponding to that reserye are only called on when they are needed. 544' In accordance with the decisions of the Edinburgh European Council, the monetary reserve may also be used to cover any extra costs of agrimonetary origin, which increasesthe risk of its being used up; if this were to occur, the Council would need to take special measures to allocate further resources to the EAGGF Guarantee Section. 545. In view of the significant currency fluctuations that took place in 1995 and of their impact on both the agricultural markets and the budget, major changes needed to be made to the agrimonetary system; the new mechanisms are outlined in point 75 of this report. 5_46. In 1995, since agricultural expenditure including agrimonetary costs and those due to fluctuations in the ecu/dollar parity did not exceed the guideline, it was not necessaryto call 'Edinburgh on either the monetary reserve or the mechanism' (specific Council meas- ures). 140 FINANCING OF TFIE CAP IN 1995 The EAGGFin the generalbudget 547. In the general budget of the European Union for the 1995 financial year, totalling ECU 75 438.4 million (in payment appropriations), ECU 37 394 million (including the monetary reserve) or 49.6Vo was allocated to the EAGGF Guarantee Section. In 1994 the EAGGF Guarantee Section accounted for 55 Eo of total general budget expenditure, which had fallen sharply. This fall in the EAGGF Guarantee Section's share of total Union expenditure, which comes in the wake of the development of the other common policies and demonstratesa determination to curb the increase in agricultural expenditure, is illustrated by the following figure. Trendof EAGGFGuarantee Section expenditure againsttotal expenditureunder general budget 90- general N Total budgetexpenditure 80- % EAGGFGuarantee expenditure 70- 60- c € 50- b f O 40- UJ 30- 20- 10- 0- 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995. * Provisionalfigures for 1995. SourcesiDG Vl - EAGGF Figure 19 FINANCING OF THE CAP IN 1995 I4I The EAGGF and its financial resources 548. The EAGGF forms an integral part of the EuropeanUnion's budget; its appropriations are therefore decided in accordancewith budgetary procedures in the same way as other Community expenditure. 549. The agricultural policy also generatesrevenue in the form of sums collected under the cornmon organization of the markets. This revenue, which forms part of the Union's own resources, consists of: (D levies, which are variable charges on imports of agricultural products covered by the common organization of the markets and coming from third countries; such charges are intended to compensatefor the difference between prices on the world market and the prices agreed within the Community. Following the Agreement on Agriculture under the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations, levies were replaced by fixed import duties as from 1995; (iD levies collected under the common organization of the market in sugar; these are divided into production levies on sugar and isoglucose production, sugar storage levies and additional elimination levies; they ensure that farmers and sugar manufacturers finance the cost of disposing of surplus Community sugar over and above the Community's domestic consumption. Trend in revenue Receipts from the European Union's own resources under the common agricultural policy (million ECU) Type of receipt 1990 t99l r992 1993 r994 t9g5 | tgg62 Levies 1 t73.4 | 621.2 I 206.8 1 029.r 922.5 946.2 846.0 Sugar levies 910.6 I 141.8 | 002.4 l 115.3 | 382.1 | 235.8 | 286.5 Of which: 3 - production 504.6 170.0 606.8 698.4 809.9 125.0 875.l storage costs 406.0 37r.8 388.6 416.7 572.2 500.3 400.1 - other 0.0 0.0 7.0 0.2 0.0 10.5 I 1.3 2 084.0 2 763.0 2 209.2 2144.4 2 304.6 2 182.0 2 150.3 I Supplementaryand amendingbudget for 1995. ': Preliminary diaft budget for-1996, r ln9ludigg the elimination levies, mouting to ECU 94.1 million in 1988, ECU 89.3 million in 1989, ECU 84.9 miltion in 1990, md ECU 16.5 million in l99l (last yetr of a^pplication),andthe additionalelimination levy, mounting to EcU I lb.8 million in 1988,ECU 175.5million in 1989-ECU l9.9millionin 1990,Ecu-30.?millionin tqqi,tcu0.gmiilion inlggindBcu l.tmiuionin tgg4.mdforwhichECU 124.5 million is entered in the preliminary draft budget for 1996. 550. It should be noted that there are other sourcesof agricultural income; under the market organization for milk and milk products, producers pay an additional levy if milk production quotas are exceeded. This revenue, which does not form part of the Community's own resources,is considered to be a result of the measuresto stabilize the asricultural markets and T42 FINANCING oF THE CAP IN 1995 is therefore deducted directly from agricultural expenditure in the sectors concemed for the financial year in question. The EAGGFGuarantee Section Expenditure 551. Essentially the EAGGF Guarantee Section finances expenditure on the common organization of agricultural markets, comprising: refunds on exports to third countries; intervention to stabilize the aericultural markets. Trend of EAGGFGuarantee Section expenditureby type 40 m Interuention 30 i"r:::i Refunds c .9 lö20 f O tIJ 10 83 84 85 86 871 882 89 1 Expenditureunder1987 budget (10 months). 2 Expenditureunder1988 budget (1 1 .5 months). Sources.'DGVI - EAGGF. Figure 20 FINANCING OF THE CAP IN 1995 L43 552. Intervention (amounting to ECU 24 048 million in 1994)comprises not only storage aid (ECU 1 069 million in 1994)and withdrawals(ECU 726 mlllion in 1994),but also and more importantlyprice compensation(ECU 21 339 million in 1994)and guidancepremiums (ECU 912 million in 1994). 553. Price compensation is thus the most important type of intervention; it is either direct aid to producers the scope of which has been extended by the reform (aid per hectare including set-aside, premiums for suckler cows and male bovine animals, etc.i or aid for processing and marketing. 554. Furthermore, as a result of the reorientation and then reform of the CAP, the EAGGF Guarantee Section has been used to finance, in whole or in part, measureswhich go beyond the management of the agricultural markets in the strict sense, such as the distribution of agricultural products to deprived persons in the Community, measures to combat fraud and to promote quality, and new measures whose purpose is to compensate for the geographical isolation of the French overseasdepartments (Poseidom), Madeira and the Azores (Poseima), the Canary Islands (Poseican) and the Aegean islands. Mention should also be made, in connection with the reform of the CAP, of the accompanying measuresto assist producers in their efforts to protect the environment, maintain the countryside, upgrade forest resources and transfer their holdings with a view to early retirement. Breakdown of appropriations by product group 555. Chapter 10 (arable crops) covers expenditure on cereals, oilseeds and protein plants; aid per hectare (including set-aside) makes up a significant part of this expenditure. 556. A detailedbreakdown of EAGGF GuaranteeSection appropriations in the 1995budget by product group and type appearsin Tables 3.4.3 and 3.4.4 (statisticalannex to the report). Public storage 557. As indicated in Table 3.4.5 (statistical annex to the report), recent trends have continued, resulting in a steep decreasein the book value of public stocks, which fell from ECU 2 344.4 million at 31 December 1993 to ECU 1 133.4 million at 31 December L994. a drop of 52Vo on top of a fall of 17 Vo between 1992 and, 1993. 144 FINANCING OF THE CAP IN 1995 Sectoral breakdownof EAGGFGuarantee Section expenditure Budgetappropriations 1995 (millionECU) Other products Other measures 2 161 Wine 1044 1 789 Fruit and Sources,'DGVl - EAGGF. Figure 21 558. This advantageoustrend is due firstly to the effectiveness of the new mechanisms of the CAP since the reform and secondly to a favourable economic situation, which has limited buying-in and allowed stocks to be disposed of on good terms. 559. The sharp fall in quantities thus affects the great majority of products in storage; in particular, there was: (i) a significant fall in stocks of cereals (-49Vo), principally common wheat, barley, durum wheat and maize; rice stocks were eliminated and only rye stocks remained steady over this period; FINANCINGOF THE CAP IN 1995 I45 (iD a significantfall in stocksof milk products(-35Vo) as a result of a very steepfall in butter stocks,as opposedto stocksof milk powder,which rose sharply; (iii) a very sharpdrop in stocksof beef (-77 Vo); (iv) quantitiesof olive oil in storagealso fell very sharplywhile alcoholand tobaccostocks were steady. 560. During the ffust few monthsof 1995,these trends were confirmed. Book valueof productsheld by interventionagencies 1600- 1400- Situationat: 31.12.1ee3 1200- flTl ffii 30.12.1ee4 1000- ()f 30.6.1ee5 tu ffi 800- .9 c o 600- 400- 200- n 0- H #LGL-,-E-LH,-- i-8 ct f uf ^-t .".- .f" "s- ""ö u-"-- od d. "c J "s Sources,'DG Vl - EAGGF. Figure 22 Clearance of accounts 561. The clearance of the EAGGF Guarantee Section accounts represents the definitive recognition of expenditure incurred by Member Statesunder the common agricultural policy, 146 FINANCING oF THE CAP IN 1995 following verification of the annual claims and on-the-spot checks in respect of various files and after a significant number of administrative and physical checks have been carried out by the competent departments of the Member States. 562. In 1995 the Commission scrutinized 1993 expenditure amounting to ECU 34.7 billion. At the same time checks began at the disbursing agencies on expenditure claimed for the 1994 financial year and at the bodies responsible for checking the cornpliance of claims with the Community regulations. 563. The Council also adopted Regulation (EC) No 1287195amending Regulation (EEC) No 729/70 on the financing of the common agricultural policy and Regulation (EC) No 1663/95 laying down detailed rules for the application of Council Regulation (EEC) No 729170 regarding the procedure for the clearance of the accounts of the EAGGF Guarantee Section. That Regulation repeals Regulation (EEC) No 1723172with effect from 16 October 1995. 564. The main innovations in the new accounts clearance procedure include the setting-up of a coordinating body in each Member State, the certification of the accounts of each intervention and/or paying agency by an external body, the establishment of a conciliation body and the separation of the clearance of accounts procedure from decisions arising from verifications of the conformity of administration and control procedures. 565. Details of the clearance procedure are published every ymr by the Commission in its financial report on the EAGGF Guarantee Section. 1 Fraud prevention and control Organization 566. In February the Commission decided to group its practical activities in the fight against fraud within a single department. Accordingly, all staff responsible for conducting investigations in this area were brought together in UCLAF (Unit for the Coordination of Fraud Prevention), which reports to the Secretariat-General of the Commission. UCLAF then became the sole body within the Commission with responsibility for enquiries relating to the fight against fraud and their follow-up. Legislative measures regarding control 567. Agricultural legislation measures drafted or implemented during 1995 relating to verification procedures and fraud prevention involve: I Twenty-fourth Financial Report 1994 (COM (95) 483 final). FINANCING OF THE CAP IN 1995 I47 (i) the establishment of a legal framework for identifying those unreliable operators likely to commit fraud to the detriment of the EAGGF in the field of exports on which refunds are payable and the sale at reduced prices of products in public intervention storage 'black (Council Regulation (EC) No 1469195,known as the list'); (ii) the application of enforceable measures in relation to those operators. 568. In the field of trade once more, since April 1995 an administrative penalty applying to refunds unduly claimed has also come into force. 569. In the field of accounting checks, the excessive inflexibility in the selection of enterprises for scrutiny has been relaxed. As from July 1995, planning of a posteriori administrative checks (Regulation (EEC) No 4045189) must depend more closely on the results obtained through risk analysis. The arrangements for mutual assistance between Member States regarding such checks have been redefined and improved. 570. Lastly, 1995 is the last transitional year for the implementation of the integrated administration and control system in the context of the reform of the CAP (Regulation (EEC) No 3508/92); at its end, a comprehensive assessmentwill be carried out and appropriate proposals made. Expenditure on agricultural markets in 1995 571. The provisional uptake of appropriations for the 1995 financial yearr is ECU 34 497 million, i.e. under-utilization of ECU 2 356 million in relation to the supplementary and amending budget. This difference is explained as follows: (i) approximately ECU 270 million is accounted for by expenditure not implemented; these relate in particular to the balance of advances on ewe premiums; (iD new economic conditions or overestimates of forecasts by the Member States. 572. Almost ECU 237O of the underutilizationis due mainly to the very substantial underutilizationin two chapters:accompanying measures (underutilization of ECU 1213 t The EAGGF financial year ends on 15 October 1995. 148 FINANCING OF THE CAP IN 1995 million) and beef (underutilization of ECU 85 I milion). In the former raze, it is caused by the slow start to the programmes by the member States. In the case of beef, it can be explained by the cessation of buying-in and by below-quota requests for suckler cow and male bovine animal premiums 573. Two chapters (arable crops and sheepmeat) show substantial over-utilization as a result of decisions anticipating expenditure; lastly, the trend in the ecu/dollar parity has resulted in an extra cost of around ECU 550 million: the parity on which the budget was calculated was USD 1 = ECU 0.89 whereas the averase rate was USD 1 = ECU 0'78. The EAGGFGuidance Section 574. Structural Fund reform, operational from 1 January 1989 to 31 December 1993, has gradually affected EAGGF Guidance Section financing. A growing proportion of Community assistanceis granted as part-financing of operational prograrnmes (527o of the 1993 total, 457o in 1992 and 4OVo in 1991). Subsequently, a second reform of the Structural Funds, which came into force on 1 January 1994, allowed the intervention system to be completed so that almost all EAGGF Guidance Section financing involves multiannual programming of measures devolving a great deal of responsibility to the Member States. 575. The new programming period runs from 1994 to 1999. The changes introduced were designed to consolidate the principles governing action in the first period following reform and also to simplify procedures to some extent, for example for Regulation (EEC) No 866/90 I (measures on the marketing and processing of agricultural products). The provisions governing Objective 5a measures applicable throughout the Community were adjusted to include the financing corresponding to that applicable to other objectives and to harmonize the financing mechanisms. Thus the Community aid schemeswhere the Member State is also responsible for implementation and for which Regulation (EEC) No 232819t2 accounts for a significant proportion of Guidance Section financing (farm improvement plans, compensatory allowances, etc.) are included in the financial frameworks. 576. However, Community initiative programmes like Leader and REGIS and measures funded under Article 8 of Regulation (EEC) No 42561883 are financed directly by the Commission outside the framework programmes. Similarly, payments to be settled in relation to certain old measures are not covered by programming. OJ L 91, 6.4.1990,p. 1. OJ L 218,6.8.1991, p. l. OJ L 374, 31.12.1988,p. 24. FINANCING OF THE CAP IN 1995 T49 Financing 577. EAGGF Guidance Section expenditure by Member State for the period l99O to 1994 is set out in the table below. 578. It is also interesting to note the breakdown by Structural Fund objective. The EAGGF Guidance Section provides aid under the following three objectives: (i) Objective t (regions lagging behind in development); (ii) Objective 5a (agricultural structures in all regions); (iii) Objective 5b (rural development in certain limited areas). 579. As expenditure under old measuresthat cannot be assigned to an objective defined in the new regulations should be shown, a distinction should also be made between Community initiatives and those covered by Article 8 of Regulation (EEC) No 4256188 (financing of technical assistancemeasures, general studies, pilot and demonstration projects). EAGGF Guidance Section expenditure (commitment appropriations) (ECU million) Member State 1990 t991 r992 t993 r994 Belgique/Belgiö 23.055 30.488 28.n8 41.102 31.598 Danmark 16.920 18.038 23.5r8 19.986 42.491 Deutschland 183.285 2AOJ92 253.758 348.124 700.18I Elläda 270.165 214.205 392.200 402.853 266.288 Espafla 30r.827 514.155 633.600 4r2.906 544.770 France 382.926 425.262 554.359 633.502 619.7 63 Ireland 124.768 168.501 t94.5tO 165.709 lt 8.3r1 Italia 269.259 326.5rr 375.87 4 624.918 263.r81 Luxembourg 4.603 6.666 6.362 9.014 9.802 Nederland 10.708 20.496 2r.899 19.526 32.068 Österreich 0.000 Portugal 241 6r2 3t3.402 289.115 313.946 510.490 SuomilFinland 0.000 Sverige 0.000 United Kingdom 96.548 1t0.243 100.781 gg.4% 130.470 Totalr | 925.67 6 2 408.r59 2 874.814 3 093397 2 3 335.425 I Not including commitments for Regulation (EEC) No 1852/78 (fishenes;. I Including ECU 975 000 of multi-country funding. 150 FINANCINGoF THE CAP IN 1995 Expenditure trend by objective (ECU million) Objective r990 l991 t992 1993 1994 Obj. I (regions lagging behind) l 081.r57 | 440.827 r 634.683 | 599.2r8 | 904.274 Obj. 5a (agricultural structures) 743.8rr 63r.252 10r.333 923.884 1 131.599 Obj. 5b (rural areas) 44.005 260.r52 415.798 508.644 27r.836 Leader 1 2.661 Interreg I 4.249 REGIS ' 0.005 Enviregr 5.849 Poseil 0.000 Art. 81221 5.184 Transitional measures 56.103 t 5.928 63.000 6l 655 9.162 Total r 925.676 2 408.159 2 814.814 3 093.3972 3 33s.425 I For the period 1990-93, the figures for these programmes are included under other headings. 2 Including ECU 975 000 of multi-country funding. 580. Expenditure on Objective 1, which increased since 1990, stabilized at the end of the first period before rising again in 1994. 581. Expenditure on Objective 5a has also grown but to a lesser extent, particularly It 1993 is considered exceptional owing to comrnitment and payment for the first time of advances on compensatory allowances for less-favoured areas. That on Objective 5b increased markedly from 1990 to 1993, reflecting the accent laid on the rural development policy, but fell sharply in 1994 as a result of delays in the new programming. 582. Expenditure on the transitional measures,which are being wound up, has been lower since 1991. 583. For 1990 to 1993, amounts under Objectives 1 and 5b relate both to measurescovered by the Community support frameworks and to those implemented under the Community initiatives and Article 8 of Regulation (EEC) No 4256188; from 1994 on, following the second reform, the amounts relating to the latter are set out in separate headings. Budget execution 584. For the EAGGF Guidance Section as a whole, 93.8Vo of commitment appropriations and,84.4Vo of payment appropriations were executed. 585. Appropriations available in 1994 amounted to ECU 3 556.6 million in commitments. That amount reflects a reduction of ECU 55.9 million in the appropriations originally entered in the budget as a result of transfers and taking account of appropriations carried over. FINANCING OF THE CAP IN 1995 151 Payment appropriations available amounted to ECU 3 063.6 million and included transfers and appropriations carried over amounting to ECU 44.5 million. 586. For 1995 appropriations amount to ECU 3 866 million in commitments (14.6%o of total Structural Fund appropriations) and ECU 3 142 million in payments. These figures take account of appropriations for the new Member States. As in the preceding year, the abovementioned amounts include the allocations assigned to the new German kinder pursuant to Regulation (EEC) No 3577190.1 Allocations to programmes for the outermost 'Structural regions are again included under the Funds' heading. The commitment appropria- tions total does not include fisheries, which for Guidance Section financial management purposes has been separatefrom agriculture since I January 1990. 1 OJ L 353, 17.12.1990,p. 23. VI - Externalrelations World Trade Organization Uruguay Round 587. Following the Council's decision in December 1994 as regards the EC commitments on agriculture, the Commission adopted a wide range of implementing regulations in the course of 1995. 588. In February 1995, the Council authorized the Commission to conduct the negotiation of bilateral agreements with third countries in the sanitary and phytosanitary sector. The results of these negotiations are expected to give full expression to the Agreement on the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures of the GATT. 589. The Commissionparticipates actively in the work of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agriculture Committeeand is closely monitoring the implementationby its GATT partners of their Uruguay Round commitments. The same is true for the Sanitary and PhytosanitaryCommittee which has alreadyreceived a large number of notifications on draft SPSmeasures. Enlargement 590. Following the accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden to the Community, negotiations took place in Geneva to adjust the Uruguay Round commitments of the Community of 12 and those of the three new Member States. Accession to World Trade Organization 591. The Commission has been actively involved in the ongoing negotiations relating to the accession of potential new members such as China and Russia to the WTO. 154 EXTERNAL RELATIONS GATT disputes settlement 592. Canada requested the establishment of a panel on the EU's import regime for wheat. The US requested consultations under Article XXIII on the EC's import regimes for cereals and rice as well as bananas. The dispute was resolved for cereals and rice by Council Decision 95/591/EC of 22 December 1995. Relations with the United States 593. On the US domestic front attention has been focused on the passageof the five-yearly Farm Bill, which is likely to substantially cut expenditure on government farm prograrnmes. 594. The US requestedconsultations with the EU under Article XXIII of the GATT on the 'cereals EU's import regime for and rice' (see point 592). 595. The US and the EU also discussedthe EU's import regime for bananason a number of occasions. In September, the US (with Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico) also requested consultations with the EU under Article XXIII of the GATT. 596. Discussions have continued to take place to seek a resolution of the trade dispute, dating from 1989, arising from the EU's ban on the use of growth promoters to produce meat. The Commission held a major scientific conference on the subject of growth promoters in November/December 1995 in order to contribute to a wider policy debate. 597. The EU/US Corn Gluten Feed Monitoring Group, set up as a result of the implementation of the Blair House Agreement, has functioned well, and no major problems have been experienced in this area. 598. Discussions are continuing for a comprehensiveEU/US wine agreement,which would give improved protection for EU appellations of origin and would authorize imports of US wine made according to certain oenological practices which are not approved in the EU. 599. Substantial progress has been made on negotiations of an equivalency agreement for trade in all animals and animal products, building on the foundation of the 1992 agreement on slaushterhouses. 600. The EU has decided to designate preferred importers for the additional quantities of cheese allowed to be imported into the US following the Uruguay Round agreement. EXTERNAL RELATIONS 155 Relations with Canada 601. Relations between the Europeanunion and Canada in all areaswere overshadowedby the fisheries crisis that arose in March r99s. The bilateral dialogue, which includes agriculture, was not normalized until June. 602. Nonetheless, negotiations on a veterinary agreement made headway. 603. In September Canada requested the establishment of a panel under the WTO disputes settlement procedure concerning the Community's current system of import tariffs for canadian wheat. This new conflict looks unlikely to be settled before 1996. Relationswith Mercosur 604. The EC's commitment to strengthen cooperation with the countries of Mercosur (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay) was confirmed at the Corfu European Council in June 1994. Subsequently, on 12 June 1995, the EU Foreign Ministers authorized the Co'mmission to negotiate an Interregional Framework Agreement on trade and economic co-operation with the countries of Mercosur. The proposal commits the parties to the establishment of an interregional association of a political nature at a date to be decided which will involve progressive trade liberalization in accordancewith WTO rules taking into account the sensitivity of certain products (essentially agricultural). Relationswith industrial countries 605. In the sheep sector in the first half of 1995 temporary adaptations were made to the existing voluntary restraint agreementsgoverning imports with the main supplier countries. As foreseen in the GATT, tariff-reduced quotas began applying in the second half. The organizatiort of imports according to an annual calendar could therefore be retained in 1995. 606. Access arrangements covering the first half of the year were also made for butter from New Zealand and Australia. 156 EXTERNAL RELATIONS 607. Bilateral relations with Japan focused on deregulation and market access.A statistical analysis of trade figures was set up in a joint effort with Japan. With the Republic of Korea, expert meetings were held in the sector of plant and animal health where trade barriers were identified. Relationswith Mediterraneancountries 'New 608. The year 1995 is the fourth year of application of the Mediterranean Policy' (NMP), the objective of which is to foster economic development in Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Cyprus, Lebanon, Malta, Morocco, Tunisia and Syria. Under the NMP, the import tariff quotas agreed upon by the EU in the cooperation agreements have increased by 5Vo during the four consecutive years in question (3Vo for some sensitive products). The 1995 increase thus completes the provisions of the NMP and the import quotas will remain stable until new agreements enter into force. 609. Under the new EU policy on a Euro-Mediterranean partnership, new agreements are being negotiated. An agreement has already been reached with Morocco, Tunisia and Israel. Agreements should be reached in 1996 with Lebanon, Egypt and Jordan. Negotiations have not as yet commenced with Lebanon and Syria. 610. These agreements will serve to enhance trade relations with our partnerS and to anticipate reciprocal concessions on agricultural products: limited expansionof the current EU tariff concessions; tariff concessions on EU products exported to these countries. 611. These agreements will also address the problems between the EU and our partners relating to the implementation of the Uruguay Round and EU enlargement. 612. The new agreementswill probably enter into force on 1 January 1997; it is likely that the trade concessions will apply earlier. 613. The Customs Union with Turkey came into force on 31 December 1995. However, the Customs Union does not yet fully include the agricultural sector in which only adjustmentsto the current preferential arrangementsare foreseen. These adjustmentswill consider reciprocal concessions and will also take account of the problems linked to Uruguay Round implementation and EU enlargement. EXTERNAL RELATIONS I57 614. Accession negotiations with Malta and Cyprus could start after the 1996 Inter- Governmental Conference. Meanwhile, the current associationprovisions apply. Negotiations are under way with Cyprus to take account of the consequences on the customs union provisions of Uruguay Round implementation. Relations with the Gentral and East European countries 615. The EU continued its policy of intensifying its relationship with the Central and East European countries (CEECs). 616. In June 1995, Europe Agreements (Association Agreements) with the Baltic States were signed. They will replace the existing agreements which were only limited to trade issues. Furthermore, a Europe Agreement with Slovenia was initialled in July 1995 but has not yet been signed. The agricultural sections of this new agreement follow the scheme already developed since 7992 with the Visegrad countries, Romania and Bulgaria, whereby mutual but asymmetric tariff concessions benefit the CEECs, with a gradual increase over time. Moreover, they also envisage the provision of technical assistance in the field of agriculture and food production. In addition, the Commission is in the process of negotiating the adaptation of all the existing agreements relating to the enlargement of the EU and the implementation of the Uruguay Round. 617' Given the complexity of changes in the agricultural tariff and market protection system brought about by its implementation, these negotiations could not be concluded before the original implementation date in July. Therefore, the new agricultural tariff quotas for the Central and East European countries designed to take account of enlargement and the provisional adaptation to the tariff requirements of the Uruguay Round agreement, were carried out by autonomous Community measures until the end of 1995. Relationswith the former Soviet Union 618. Since 1992, the European Union has been negotiating partnership and cooperation agreements with the New Independent States. These agreements contain provisions for cooperation in the agricultural and agro-industrial sector but no agricultural trade conces- sions. Meanwhile, Interim Agreements to the full Agreements, dealing only with economic cooperation, have been signed with Russia, Ukraine and Moldova. 158 EXTERNAL RELATIONS 619. The special credit line of ECU 1250 million for the purchase of food and medical supplies which was opened in 1991 includes, since 1994, all of the new States. In 1995, activities were mainly concentrated on Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan. Relationswith the Republicof South Africa 620. In June the Council authorized the Commission to negotiate a trade and cooperation agreement between the European Union and South Africa and, parallel to this, a Protocol to the Lom6 Convention laying down the terms of South African accession to the Conven- tion. 621. The Commission proposed that the Republic of South Africa be excluded from the Lom6 Protocols on bananas,rum, beef and sugar becauseof the good level of development in these sectors. The principle of cumulation of origin could, however, be applied whereby South African products which include raw materials from ACP countries may benefit from the preferential tariffs under the Lom6 Convention. This principle already applies to products from ACP countries which make use of South African raw materials. 622. In the first half of 1995, South Africa became a beneficiary of the system of generalized preferences.This concession was restricted, the agricultural products regarded as very sensitive - in particular Chapters 6, 7, 8 and 20 - not being included in the Community offer. Food aid 623. Apart from free supplies to some independent ex-USSR States, the European Union continued to implement its aid programme for developing countries. 624. For 1995, the Commission adopted a decision setting the total quantities of traditional food aid and drew up a list of products. This list comprised 1775600 tonnes of cereals (including the minimum of 927 700 tonnes under the Food Aid Convention), 20 000 tonnes of milk powder and equivalent products, 800 tonnes of butteroil, 12 000 tonnes of sugar, 68 000 tonnes of vegetable oil, 80 000 tonnes of vegetables and other products worth a total of ECU 43.170 million. 625. A new Food Aid Convention, replacing the 1986 one, was satisfactorily concluded during the year. Under the new Convention, which entered into force on 1 July, the annual EXTERNAL RELATIONS I59 commitments of the European Union and its Member States were increased to I 755 000 tonnes of cereal equivalent to allow for the accession of the new Member States. The Commission also continued its programme of distributing food from intervention stocks to the most deprived persons in the European Union. Internationalorganizations 626. As a member of the FAO, the Union participated fully in the work of the various bodies within the organization, including meetings of the Council and Conference, to present its policy on agriculture and food issues. In 1995 the Union also took part in preparatory work on the fourth international technical conference on phytogenetic resources,to be held in Leipzig in 1996. In preparation for the world food summit in 1996, the Union attended a ministerial meeting in Quebec in October on world food security, combining this with taking part in the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the FAo and world Food nay. 627. The Union continued to play an active part in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), particularly in the Committee for Agriculture and the Joint Agriculture and Environment Committee, which studies the impact of ägriculture on the environment. It also played a prominent role in the Council Group on Rural Development, which is stepping up its activity by adopting a multisectoral appioach in this area. For the second year running the Union also contributed to compiing the report reviewing the agricultural situation and outlook in countries whose economiös arä undergoing transition (Central and Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, China and Mongolia). 628. The Commission maintained its active involvement in several international organiza- tions such as the Intemational Olive Oil Council, the International Sugar Organizatiän and the International Grains Council (IGC) formerly called the International Wheat Council. The IGC presided over the signature of a new Intemational Grains Trade Convention. EFTA 629. As a result of their accession, the three new Member States (Austria, Finland and Sweden) have to apply the provisions of the preferential agreementsconcluded between the European Union and non-member countries Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. It was therefore necessary to hold negotiations with these countries with a view to adjusting the preferential agricultural agreements they had concluded with the union. 160 EXTERNAL RELATIONS 630. The agreementswhich emerged from these negotiations in the form of an exchange of letters provide for the following: (i) the extension to the enlarged Union of the bilateral agricultural concessions which existed between the Community of Twelve and the three non-member countries in question; (ii) the taking over, as far as possible, of the bilateral (preferential) concessions which existed before enlargement between the three new Member States and the three non-member countries in question, as all the bilateral agreementspreviously concluded by the new Member States formally lapsed from the date of accessiQn. 631. In 1995, the Union opened negotiations with Switzerland with a view to concluding a new bilateral agricultural agreement. Vll - Agricuftural development Statisticalinformation NB : For practical reasonsthe following pagesemploy the continentalrepresentation of numbers,i.e. one thousandtwo hundredand thirty-four point five is representedas 1 234,5 rather than the more conventional 1,234.5. FOreworoFI Codification of the tables The choices made for the revision of the tables are reflected in a new codification, established on the basis of the same principle for all the tables. Each of them has been given a code with four digits, the first of which designatesthe subject to which the table refers (see table of contents following this foreword): 1. Conversion rates, 2. Basic data, 3. Economic tables, 4. Tables on agricultural markets. The second and third digits refer to specific aspects of the field concerned and their significance varies from one field to another. For the tables concerning the agricultural markets (Tables 4) a standard codification for all the products has been used for these two digits: (i) the second digit of the code designates the agricultural product concerned, (ii) the third digit refers to the nature of the statistic presented: -.-.0.- livestock numbers. -.-.1'- area, yields and production (crop products) or slaughterings and production (livestock products), -.-.2.- world production, -.-.3.- external trade, -.-.4.- supply balance, -.-.5.- prices (producer prices, market prices, consumer prices), -.-.6.- market management, -.-.9.- various. For certain sectors, all the possibilities are used (e.g. cereals). For other products only some are used (e.g. potatoes), either because the data needed are not available or because the features of these sectors in the EU do notjustify such an exhaustive presentation in a general document such as this, which, for considerations of space, can provide only the most important information. TI4 FOREWORD Remarks the 1. up to December 1987 this report used the SITC Rev. 2, which was worked out using drawn O-äigit Nimexe, while from Jänuary 1938 it uses the SITC Rev. 3, which has been op *ittg the 8-digit subheadingsof the Combined Nomenclature' In particular, it should be noted that considerable divergences have arisen at subheading a levil between the Combined Nomenclature and the formerly used Nimexe, leading to break in the goods-related time series between 1987 and 1988' figures 2. From 1991 data for the former German Democratic Republic are included in the a for the Federal Republic of Germany and accordingly in the figures for the EU as whole. 'Key this The tables are indicated under to symbols and abbreviations' following foreword by the sYmbol oo. 7o 3. As a result of gradual introduction of data for the ex-German Democratic Republic the TAV rates calculated from one year to another may sometimes be inconsistent. in 4. The new Intrastat system for collecting statistics on intra-EU trade was introduced longer be 1993. As a result, the data on intra-EU trade from 1993 onwards will no comparable with the data for previous years. CONTENTS T15 Contents Statisticaldata and tables Page Table No (T/...) 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0.1 Indicative cuffency parities 18 1.0.2 n Representative market rates r9 1.0.3 Agricultural conversion rates 20 2 BASIC DATA 2.0.t.r Basic data - key general statistics 2l 2.0.r.2 Basic data - key EU agricultural statistics 22 3 ECONOMIC DATA 3.1 The agricultural economy 3.1.1 Shares of individual products in final agricultural production 24 3.1.2 Individual Member States' shares in final agricultural production 26 3.1.3 Farm inputs : breakdown by Member State 29 3.1.4 Situation of the: (a) final agricultural production (b) consumption of inputs (c) gross value-added of agriculture (d) net value-added at factor cost 30 3.1.5 Final agricultural production, crop production and livestock production 32 3.I.6 Final agricultural production, consumption of inputs and gross value-added (at market prices): changes by volume 3.r.7 Evolution of the implicit price index of final production: value/volume (nominal) value/volume, deflated by GDP deflator (real) 3.1.8 Evolution of the implicit price index of intermediate consumption: value/volume (nominal) value/volume, deflated by GDP deflator (real) 'terms 39 3.r.9 Trend of of trade' 40 3.r.10 Gross fixed capital formation and gross value-added in agriculture at factor cost 4l 3.1.11 Changes (%o TAY) in final production, gross value-added, employment, utilized, agncultural area and growth of agricultural productivity 42 3.1.12 Net value-addedat factor cost for total manpowerper annual work unit (AWU) 43 3.1.13 Volume of agricultural labour in annual work units (AWUs) 44 3.1.14 Changesin intermediateconsumption by volume 45 3.1.15 Main agriculturaleconomic data, by region 46 3.1.16n Gross production,intermediate consumption and grossvalue-added at market prices in ecu - Cereals (excluding rice) 51 n 1l = Gross production, intermediate consumption and gross value-added at market prices in ecu - Wine 52 3.1.18tr Gross production, intermediate consurnption and gross value-addedut.*k"t prices in ecu - Susarbeet 53 3.1.19 n Gross production, intermediate consumption and gross value-added at market prices in ecu Oilseeds 3.l.2OE Gross production,intemediate consumptionand gross value-addedat market prices in ecu - Cattle and fatteninq calves T16 CONTENTS Page (r/...) Table No - Dairy 3.l.2lJ Gross production, intermediate consumption and gross value-added at market prices in ecu cows - 3.1.22f Gross production, intermediate consumption and gross value-added at market prices in ecu Sheep 57 and goat for fattening 3.2 FADN 58 3.2.r The farm accountancy data network - Explanatory note 6l 3.2.2 The nine types of farming: shares of each enterprise in total output 62 3.2.3 Accountancy results by type of farming 68 3.2.4 Results by economic size of holding 3.3 Prices and production costs 72 3.3.1 Agricultural prices and amounts of Community aid (beginning of marketing year) 81 3.3.2 Producer prices for agricultural products in the EU (excl. VAT) 82 3.3.3 Producer price indices (excl. VAT) 3.3.4 Annual rate of change of : (a) consumer prices for foodstuffs and beverages (b) producer prices for agricultural products 84 86 3.3.5 Input prices (excl. VAT) 88 3.3.6 Agricultural wages, input prices and producer prices (excl. VAT) 3.3.7 EÜ price indices for feedingstuffs, fertilizers and soil improvement, fuels and lubricants, and 90 investments in machinery (excl. VAT) 92 3.3.8 Market value of agricultural land (parcels) 93 3.3.9 Rents for agricultural land 94 3.3.10n Trend of purchase prices of agricultural inputs (excl. VAT) 95 3.3.11 Value-added tax (VAT) rates; producer prices 96 3.3.12 Value-added tax (VAT) rates; input prices 98 3.3.13 Producer prices in the Member States 3.3.14 Institutional prices in national currency, expressed as indices in real terms for all agricultural products 99 3.4 Financial aspects 100 3.4.r Budgetary expenditure on the common agricultural policy 101 3.4.2 EAGGF Guarantee and Guidance expenditure, by Member State t02 3.4.3.r EAGGF Guarantee expenditure by product the 3.4.4 Breakdown of expenditures and of äppropriations by sector, according to the economic nature of 104 measures r07 3.4.5 Quantity and value of products in public storage 'objective' 108 3.4.9 Implementation of budget by 3.5 Structures 3.5.1 Employment in agriculture 110 3.5.1.1 Employment in agriculture: statistical sources and applications 'Persons 'agriculture, 111 3.5.I.2 employed' in hunting, forestry and fishing' 3.5.1.3 Employment in agriculture and in the other sectors rt2 lt4 3.5.1.4 Employment in agriculture and in the other sectors: structures compared 116 3.5.1.5.1 Employment in agriculture: persons working on agricultural holdings 118 3.5.1.5.2 Employment in agriculture: breakdown by type of labour r20 3.5.1.6 employment in agriculture: working hours and combined other employment of farmers 3.5.2 Land use t29 3.5.2.2 Main crops 132 3.5.2.4 Area used for the principal agricultural products CONTENTS TIl Page Table No (r/...) 3.5.3 Livestock numbers 3.5.3.3 Cattle numbers and number of holders 134 3.5.3.4 changing structure of cattle farms, by Member State 135 3.5.3.5 Changing structure of cattle farms, by herd size class r36 3.5.3.6 Dairy cow numbers and number of holders r37 3.5.3.7 changing structure of dairy farms, by Member State 138 3.5.3.8 changing structure of dairy farms, by herd size class r39 3.5.3.9 Pig numbers and number of holders r40 3.5.3.10 changing structure of pig farms, by Member State l4l 3.5.3.11 changing structure of pig farms, by herd size class 143 3.5.4 Farm structures 3.5.4.1 Number and area of holdings r44 3.5.6 Cooperatives - Contracts and structure policy results 3.5.6.1 Agricultural products sold through cooperatives 150 3.5.6.2 Products sold under contracts concluded in advance 151 3.5.6-3 n Agricultural research prograrnme. Agriculture and agro-industry programme. Projects selectedand budget breakdown by field of research 152 3.5.6.5 Amount of assistanceprovided for single programmingdocuments or Community supportframeworks conceming Regulations (EEC) Nos 866190 and,g6jl90 153 1.2.6.6 Specific measuresto assistmountain and hill farming and farming in certain less-favouredareas r54 3.5-6.7 Breakdown by type of region of aid granted by the EAGGF Guidance Section for single programming documents or Community support frameworks concerning Regulations (EEC) Nos 86619Oand 86719O - Breakdown by sector 155 3.5.6.8 Breakdownby region (NUTS 2) of aid grantedby the EAGGF for single programmingdocuments or Community support frameworks concerning Regulations (EEC) Nos gdeßO ana 86ltgO 156 3.5.6.11 Investmentaid for agricultural holdings r57 3.5.6.12 Special aid for young farmers 159 3.5.7 tr Impact ol CAP refom 3.5.7.1tr Arable aid applications 160 3.5.7.2 Areas set aside under the different set-asideschemes for arable land r62 1.2.7.3= Suckler cow premium: potential rights and applicationsfor premiums r63 ?13.41 Special premium for male bovine animals: potential rights and applicationsfor premiums r64 a 1.13.5 Ewe and goat premium: potential rights and applicationsfo, premiums 165 ?.1.7.9 Community aid scheme for early retirement fröm agriculture 167 3.5.7.7D Accompanyingmeasures: Agri-environment (Regulation (EEC) No 207glg2) 168 3.6 Trade 3.6.r World exports and EU external trade in all products, agricultural products and other products t70 3.6.2 EU trade by product t7l 3.6.3 Exports of agricultural and food products by the EU and some other countries 172 3.6.4 Imports of agricultural and food products by the EU and some other countries 173 3.6.5 World production and trade in the principal agricultural products - The EU share of the world market 174 3.6.6 EUR 15 trade in agricultural and food products, according to principal customer countries r75 3.6.1 EUR 15 trade in agricultural and food products, according to principal supplier countries 176 3.6.8 EU imports, by product 177 3.6.9 EU exports, by product 178 3.6.10 EU imports of agricultural products from various groups of countries t79 3.6.1r EU exports of agricultural products to various groups of countries r80 3.6.12 EU trade with ACP countries and Member States' overseas territories 181 T/8 CONTENTS Page (T/...) Table No r82 3.6.13 EU trade with Mediterraneancountries 183 3.6.14 EU trade in agricultural and food products 184 3.6.15 Intra-EU trade, by product, incoming merchandise 185 3.6.16 Intra-EU trade, by product, outgoing merchandise 186 3.6.17 EU imports of agricultural and food products from EFTA countries 188 3.6.18 EU exports of agricultural and food products to EFTA countries 190 3.6.19 tr EU imports of agricultural and food products from some Central and East European countnes 192 3.6.2Oa EU exiorts of agricultural and food products to some Central and East European countries 194 3.6.21- EU trade with the United Statesof America 3.7 Consumption and self-sufliciency of 3.7.1 Share of consumer expenditure on food, beverages and tobacco in the final consumption 195 households 196 3.7.2 Human consumption of certain agricultural products r98 3.7.3 Self-sufficiency in certain agricultural products 4 AGRICULTURAL MARKETS 4.1 200 Area, yield and production of common and durum wheat 4.l.l.L 201 Area, yield and production of rye and barley 4.I.1.2 202 Area, yield and production of oats and mixed cereals and maize 4.1.1.3 203 Area, yi"tA and production of other cereals and total cereals (excluding rice) 4.I.1.4 204 World production of cereals and production in principal exporting countries 4.I.2.1 205 4.1.3.1 The EU's share in world cereals trade 4.r4.r Supprybarances _ :;iläXTf,:", 4.1.4.2 Supply balances - barleY -rye 207 4.1.4.3 Supply balances - maize 208 - oats and mixed summer cereals 4.1.4.4 Supply balances - other cereals 209 - total cereals (excluding rice) 2r0 4.1.5.1 Producer prices of certain cereals 21r 4.1.5.4 Consumer price indices - bread and cereals (in nominal and real terms) 2r3 4.1.5.5 Cif Rotterdam prices for cereals 2r4 4.1.6.2 Market prices for cereals as a percentage of the intervention price 216 4.1.6.3 Intervention stocks in the EU at the end of the marketing year 4.2 211 4.2.1.1 Area, yield and production of rice (paddy) 218 4.2.4.1 Supplybalance - rice 2t9 4.2.5.1 Cif Rotterdamprices for huskedrice 220 4.2.6.1 Average market prices for paddy rice in surplus areas compared with interuention prices 4.3 Sugar 221 4.3.1.1 Area under sugarbeet,yield and production of sugar 222 4.3.2.1 World production of sugar and pioduction of the main producing and/or exporting countries 223 4.3.3.1 World supply balanceand internationaltrade in sugar 224 4.3.4.1 Sugar supply balance 224 4.3.5.1 Averageworld sugarprices 225 4.3.5.2 Consumerprices for refined sugar 226 4.3.6.1 Sugar and isoglucoseproduction, by quota 4.4 Oilseeds, oils and fats 227 4.4.1.1 Area, yield and production of: (a) rapeseed;(b) sunflower seed;(c) soya beans (d) 228 4.4.3.1 Internal and extemal trade: (a) rapeseed;(b) sunflower seed;(c) soya beans; flax seed CONTENTS T19 Page Table No (T/...) 4.4.4.1 Supplies of rape and colza (seed, oil, cake) 23r 4.4.4.2 Supplies of sunflower (seed, oil, cake) 232 4.4.4.3 Supplies of soya (seed, oil, cake) 233 4.4.4.4 Supplies of olive oil 235 4.4.5.1 Prices fixed and market prices on the Bari market for: - virgin olive oil - lampante grade olive oil 3' 236 4.4.5.2 Wholesale prices - on the Bari market for refined olive oil - on the Milan market for - refined olive oil 237 4.4.s.3 Averagemonrhry il"liHffiL:flroducts 239 4.4.9.1 Apparent human consumption of fats, subdivided by: base materials (pure fat) processed products consumed (pure fat) 4.5 Fruit and vegetables 4-5.I-l Area, yield and harvested production of : (a) fruit; (b) citrus fruit; (c) vegetables 242 4.5.3.1 Intra-EU trade and external trade in fresh fruit and vegetables 248 4.5.4.6 Market balance - processed tomatoes producer 249 4.s.s.r prices; JfftffiiffX?ü",, andvegetables 250 4.5.6.1 Quantities of fruit and vegetables bought in 252 4.6 Wine 4.6.1.1 Area under vines, yield and production of wine and must 255 4.6.3.1 Trade in wine and share in world trade 256 4.6.4.1 - Supply balance wine 257 4.6.5.r Producer prices for table wines 258 4.7 Potatoes 4.7.I.1 Area, yield and production of potatoes 260 4.7.I.2 Area, yield and production of early potatoes 26r 4.7.4.1 Supply balance - potaroes 263 4.8 Tobacco 4.8.1.1 Area, yield and production of leaf tobacco, by groups of varieties 264 4.8.2.1 World production of raw tobacco and production in principal exporting countries 268 4.8.3.1 EU share of world trade in raw tobacco 268 4.8.3.2 EU tobacco exports to third countries 269 4.8.3.3 Imports and exports of raw tobacco 270 4.8.6.1 Quantities of tobacco boueht in 271 4.9 Seeds 4.9.t.1 Seed production and related aid 272 4.9.r.2 Area under seed 274 4.10 Hops 4.10.1.1 Area, yield and production of hops 2t6 4.10.4.1 Market bala hops 277 4.10.5.1 Market price for hops 278 T/10 CONTENTS Page (T/...1 Table No 4.ll Fibre flax, cotton and silkworms 219 4.11.1.1 Area, production and yield of cotton (unginned and ginned) 280 4.11.1.2 Area, yield and production of fibre flax 28r 4.11.I.3 Outpui of silkworrn cocoons and number of boxes of silkworm eggs used 281 4.11.3.1 Imports of flax straw into Belgium 282 4.11.3.2 Intra-EU trade and external trade in cotton fibre 283 4.11.5.1 Producer prices for flax seed 283 4.11.5.2 Flax tow prices 285 4.11.5.3 Ginned cotton, world prices 4.13 Feedingstuffs - Fodder 286 4.I3.j.3 Industrial production of compound feedingstuffs, by species and by Member State 288 4.13.1.5 Use of cereals by the compound feedingstuffs industry 289 4.13.7.1 Production of dehydrated fodder (excluding potatoes) 289 4.13.7.8 EU supplies of dehydrated and dried fodder 290 4.13.7.9 Area, yield and production of dry pulses, feed peas and field beans 292 4.13.7.12 Cif offer price (Rotterdam) for soya cake 4.14 Meat in general 293 4.14.1.1 Gross internal production and consumption of meat 294 4.14.3J Net balance of external trade in meat and self-sufficiency 4.15 Beef/veal 29s 4.15.0.1 Cattle numbers (December of previous year) 296 4.15.1.1 Slaughterings of adult bovine animals and calves 297 4.15.1.2 Net production of beef/veal (adult bovine animals and calves) 298 4.15.21 Worid production and production of principal beef/veal producing/exporting countries 299 4.15.3.1 Beef/veal - EU trade by species 300 4.15.3.2 Beef/veal - trade with non-member countries 301 4.15.4.1 Supply balance - beef/veal 302 4.L5.5.1 Market prices for beef/veal 4.16 Pigmeat 303 4.16.0.1 Pig numbers(December of previous year) 304 4.16.1.1 Number of pigs slaughtered 305 4.16.1,.2 Net pigmeat production exportlng 4.16.2.1 World-production and gross domestic production of principal pigmeat-producingor 305 countries 306 4.16.4.1 Supply balance- Pigmeat 307 4.16.5.1 Market prices for pigmeat 4.17 Sheepmeat and goatmeat 308 4.11.0.1 Sheep and goat numbers (preceding December) 309 4.17.1.1 Sheep and goats slaughtered 310 4.17.1.2 Gross internal sheepmeat and goatmeat production 311 4.11.3.1 Sheepmeat and goatmeat - EU trade, by species 312 4.17.3.2 Sheepmeat and goatmeat - trade with non-member countries 313 4.11 .3.3 Imports of sheePmeat 313 4.17.4.1 Supply balance - sheepmeat and goatmeat 314 4.17.5.1 Market prices for sheepmeat CONTENTS T/11 Page Table No (r/...) 4.18 Poultrymeat 4.18.0.1 Number of utility chicks of table strains hatched 315 4.18.1.1 Gross internal production of poultrymeat 316 4.18.3.1 Trade in poultrymeat with non-member countries 3r7 - 4.18.4.1 Supply balance poultrymear 318 4.18.5.1 Market prices for chickens 319 4.19 Eggs 4.19.0.1 Laying hens, numbers 320 4.19.0.2 Number of utility chicks harched from laying hens 321 4.19.1.1 Usable production of eggs (total eggs) 322 4.19.3.1 Trade in eggs with non-member countries 323 4.19.4.1 Supply balan eggs (total eggs) 324 4.19.5.1 Market prices for eggs 325 4.20 Milk and milk products 4.20.0.1 Dairy herds and yield 326 4.20.1.1 Productionof milk from dairy herds and delivery of milk to dairies 327 4.20.1.2 Deliveries of cows' milk to dairies,as a proportion of cows' milk production 328 4.20.1.3 Production of fresh milk and fresh milk products by the dairy industry 329 4.20.1.4 Productionin dairies of butter and cheese 330 4.20.1.5 Productionin dairies of milk powder 33r 4.20.1.6 Productionin dairiesof concentratedmilk and casein 332 4.20.2.1 World exports and production of - butter _ cneese - caseln 333 4.20.2.2 world expods and production of - whole-milk powder and skimmed-milk powder -un 334 4.2o.3.r worldtrade in certain.ilt proau"t,IlTitfff"o 335 - 4.20.4.2 Detailed supply balance skimmed-milk powder 337 - 4.20.4.3 Detailed supply balance butter 338 4.20.6.1 Interventionmeasures for butter and skirnmed-milk powder 339 4.20.6.2 Application of the quota system 340 4.20.6.3 Community butter and skimmed-milk powder stocks 34r 4.20.6.4 Quantitiesof skimmed milk and skimmed-milkpowder intendedfor animal feed and of skimmedmilk processedinto casein and caseinates,for which aids have been sranted 342 4.21 Honey 4.21.4.1 Supply balan honey 343 4.22 Wood 4.22.1.1 EU forestrysratisrics 344 4.22.3.1 EU externaltrade in forest products 345 4'22.3.2 EU externaland intra-Communitytrade in timber and timber productsby Member State 346 E = New table Remark: Thefollowingtablesof TheAgriculturalsituationintheEuropeanUnion-lgg4havenotbeenrepeated: 3.4.3,3.4.8, 3.5.2.3, 3.5.6.9, 3.5.6.14 Tablesreplaced : 2.O.1,3.5. 1.5, 3.5.6.13, j.5.6.1 6, 4.2.6.2 T/12 KEY TO SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Key to symbolsand abbreviations Statistical symbols Nil 0 Less than half a unit X Not applicable Not available Not fixed .; No prices quoted 1t Uncertain p Provisional * Eurostat estimate ** European Commission estimate, Directorate-General for Agriculture r Revised S Secret a Average > 1985< a 0984, 1985, 1986) > 1990< a 0989, 1990, 1991) t990l9r Marketing year, starting in 1990 and ending in 1991 7o Percentage Vo TAY Annual rate of change (%o) @ Former German Democratic Republic included [Jnits - Currency ECU European currencY unit EUA European unit of account u.a. Gold paritY unit of account BFR Belgian franc DKR Danish crown DM German mark DRA Greek drachma ESC Portuguese escudo FF French franc FMK Finnish markka HFL Dutch guilder IRL Irish pound LFR Luxembourg franc LIT Italian lira ÖS Austrian schilling PTA Spanish Peseta SKR Swedish crown UKL Pound sterling USD US dollar NC National culrencY - Other units cif Cost, insurance, freight VAT Value-added tax Mrd Thousand million Mio Million t Tonne kg Kilogram hl Hectolitre I Litre KEY TO SYMBOLSAND ABBREVIATIONS TII3 ha Hectare UAA Utilized agricultural area LU Livestock unit ESU Europeansize unit FU Fodder unit AWU Annual work unit TF Type of farming PPS Purchasing power standard NUTS Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics Geographical abbreviations EU European Union EUR 9 Total of the Member Statesof the EC (19g0) EUR 10 Total of the Member states of the EC (lgg1) EUR 12 Total of the Member Statesof the EC (1986) EUR 15 Total of the Member Statesof the EU (1995) BLEUruEBL Belgo-LuxembourgEconomicUnion DOM French overseas departments ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific countries party to the Lom6 Convention PTOM Countries and overseas territories of Member States of the EU Sources Eurostat Statistical Office of the European Communities SITC Standardinternationaltradeclassification(Eurostat) Nimexe Nomenclature of produce for the EU's extemal trade statistics and trade between its Member States (Eurostat) ESA European system of integrated economic accounts (Eurostat) FADN Farm accountancy data network (European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture) OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency IMF International Monetary Fund GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Fefac European Federation of Manufacturers of Compound Feedingstuffs Fediol Federation of Seed Crushers and Oil processors in the EU AIMA Intervention Agency for the Agricultural Markets (Italy) USDA United StatesDepartment of Agriculture TII4 CURRENCY UNITS USED Currency units used in this report l. European Monetary System (EMS) - ecu Entry into force of the EMS on 13 March 1979 (Regulations(EEC) No 3180/78 and No 3l8l/78 of 18 December1978) brought in the ecu as sole unit of account for the Community. Its definition is identical to that of its predecessorthe EUA 'basket' exceptfor a review clauseallowing chmges in its composition.The ecu is a culrency unit of the type madeup of *p""ifi"d amounts of cunencies of the EMS member countries determined mainly on the basis of the economic size of each.It is defrnedby Council Regulation(EC) No 3320194.The centralrates used in this systemare ratesset by the central banks around which the market rates of the EMS cunenciesmay fluctuate within spot margrns. 2. The ecu in the common agricultural policy - Before 9 April 1979,the unit of accountused in the agricultural sectorwas the u.a. defined by Regulation(EEC) No 129162 and the representative rates (green rates) were fixed by the Council. - On 9 April, the ecu began to be used in the CAP (Regulation(EEC) No 652/79) and is still being used (Regulation (EEC) No 3813192). - On the changeoverfrom the u.a. to the ecu on 9 April 1979 common agricultural prices and amounts expressedin u'a. and convertedinto ecus were adjustedby the coefficient 1,208953.The green rates were however adjustedby the reciprocal coefficient 111,208953,leaving national price levels unchanged.For example, 100 u.a. x 3,46 = DM 340 becauseECU 121 x 2,81 = DM 340. - For the recording of world market prices, offer prices are converted at the representative market rate, which is an average of the rates recorded on the market. The common agricultural prices and amounts are set in ecus and converted into national currency at the agricultural conversion rates. - Since I January 1993 these have been adjustedby the Commission whenevertheir divergencefrom representative market rates exceeds specified margins. - Betweenthe beginning of the 1984/85marketing year and 31 January 1995 all conversionrates used for agriculture 'switchover' were multiplied by a correcting factor under the mechanism the effect of which was to express the 'green common agricultural prices and amounts in a unit of account derived from the ecu, the ecu'. This correcting factor, originally 1,033651,was increasedin line with the revaluationofthe EMS currency appreciatingmost among those observingall the rules. On abolition it was 1,207509.As on the changeoverfrom the u.a. to the ecu in 1979 common agriculturalprices and amountswere increasedin ecus by a factor of 1,207509on I February 1995 and all conversion rates used in agriculture reduced by a factor of 111,207509so making the operation neutral in national cunency terms. According to context, different cunency units have been used in this publication. The statistical series in terms of value are also calculated: - at constantexchange rates, i.e. at the exchangerates obtaining during a specificperiod (e.g. 1980).These rates are usedto eliminate the influencesof exchange-ratechanges on a time senes; - at current exchange rates (notably for extemal trade). To assistthe user of this publicationwishing to convert units of accountinto nationalcurrencies and conversely,Tables I '0.1, 1.0.2 and 1.0.3 give the rates to be used. Fuller information is given in specialized publications of the European Commission. OBSERVATIONS ON STATISTICAL METHOD TII5 Observationson statisticalmethod A - Statistics on external trade - explanatory note Council Regulation(EEC) No 1736175, of 24 June 1975, on the extemal trade statisticsof the Community and statisticsof trade betweenMember states, includes provisions to ensurethat data are not recordedtwice: (i) when goods from a non-member counky are first brought into a Member State, that Member State must record the import accordingto the origin of the goods; (ii) if the goods are then subject to a legal operation (for example clearance for consumption) and subsequently imported into another Member State, the latter must record the goods according to the Member State from which they were received. However, to satisfy national requirements, the Member States may, if they wish, operate in parallel with the above system the arrangementsthey appliedpreviously; this meansthat a Member State'snational data may be substantiallydifferent from the data supplied by Community souces. For the calculation of the intra-Community trade of the Community as a whole in the supply balances, there were two possibilities: the sum of the Member States'intra-Community exports (calculationon the basisof goods leaving) or the sum of the Member States' intra-Community imports (calculation on the basis of entries). Eurostat has chosen the second altemative. Also, exports to non-member countries in the supply balances of the Community as a whole are calculated by deducting intra-Community trade from Member States' total exports. As a result, there may be discrepancies between the external trade data given in the supply balances and those given in the specific extemal trade tables. Users must also allow for a break in the series of Community external trade statistics in 1977, the date on which Regulation (EEC) No 1736n5 entercd into force. A last point is that, while the data relating to the extemal trade of the Community of Twelve from reference year 1985 use the same source for all the Member States (Community statistics), those which refer to a previous period may have been obtained from the Community statistics for the Community of Ten and from other sources for the new Member States. B Annual rate of change (Vo TAV) l. The annual rate of changeng (symbol: VoTAY) is used throughoutthis report for the calculationover periods of time of changes in a given aggregate. It measures the compound annual average increase or reduction, as a percentage, of the variable concerned fromil' a base year (T in the following equations). 2. The annual rate of changge is calculated as follows: \1 I statistic for year T + N 100 x Anti-log I log ( l*Nl-loo=vorAy L statistic for vear T tl Where the annual rate of changeis calculatedover cnly two successiveyears, N = 1 and the fomula becomes: statistic for vear T + I I ,oox l- 100=VoTAV I statistic for vear T J T/16 OBSERVATIONS ON STATISTICAL METHOD 3. The following series illustrates the use of this formula: 1970 197| r975 r916 Series = 100000 l l2 000 161051 177156 l97l -rw0r975 t97 6 rn0 1975 Vo TAY r2,0vo 10,0vo r0,0 vo CLASSIFICATION OF EUROSTAT PUBLICATIONS T/17 Most of the statistics in the tables have been provided by the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat). For longer and more detailed series,the user should refer to the following Eurostatpublications: Classification of Eurostat publications Theme 0. Miscellaneous (pink) 1. General statistics (midnight blue) 2. Economy and finance (violet) 3. Population and social conditions (yellow) 4. Energy and industry (blue) 5. Agriculture, forestry and fisheries (green) 6. External trade (red) 7 . Distributive trades, services and transport (orange) 8. Environment (turquoise) 9. Researchand development (brown) Series A Yearbooks and yearly statistics B Short-term statistics C Accounts and surveys D Studies and research E Methods F Statistics in focus T/I8 INTRODUCTIoN U tr- ca - <' c.l - ö.t o oo 0,1 rrrrtt8tKtttttl t--q'tr-cOO\n-rnoOO = J O\ C.) €t\\n(n-f,c-r€O\OO\O\ v V] \O- OO-$-+C.rCO-f\O\tn p O\ O\ AOF-O\Of\-Oc.)tr-F- \o \o ,q\o^\\o^\o"\\\\\ ri \Z \ Oi v v v v v v v v v v U cAF--e.lO\*\Orn*F\ I I I (.) I I cA\OOO\c.r\nOlO\\nO öo -|.Öo*o\oo\(\.i#c-) v -r (\..l cA (\l \O q) v Cr] or\ <. or\ t-- (4 qqc"lo{o"v?n,ri-i1 v) \o \o t-- t-- F- t-- F- t-- o\ o\ * ri I cA * F- c\] \O c.) 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F f- t-- .. $ o.l .. \ö .. o\ o\ " t-- s $ c.) c..l c.l \Q \n O\ " \n \n q ,qo^q \n" ,r1 -\o^ v1 oo-ot\\qq11 a F .f, Sdq -(r) rn \oc\ od J ilNSgFä= S $ \ RSg gn A 3e 53o-örc\^^co c-t C\ C-l C\ Cj C.l c..l ÖI C..l C'l ,i Öl C.l C{ C-l Öl Öl C.l C\ C-l C\ c] oo "\n "(noo oo C-l öl oo Cl.l o\ .l -t \O t'- cA -f, s @ \o oo O\ $O\ öl ! (-- O O Ö]Ö] oo @ oooo @ d d dd -i co ca öl c..l () rr t-. @ lr \O^ \d tr- cqq1F- "O "Cl| "$C{\n oo oo OOO\O OO \n f--'\O ca \o--o^ q q \\a F \n \n A c-l cqlnoo c.) $ $O\O rr) O\ O\ O\ \O \O \O \O t-- \o ta) --*tiri*-* t-- c.l .. O\ O\ t-- \O \n c.) öl " c.) C\ F- l-- t*- t-- oo \O c.I * tr- [n \n O\ C..l t-- oo oo c\ öl q oo" \o^ \o^ o^ O^ q q oq -i cl q q \G ra) \ \o O\ Ctl \t co \n \o \o oo o a.l c\ c.l c\,1 trl s $tri \n o\o\o\o\ o\ooo o cö co co co c.l Öi c! Öi Öl co c.) co co co \o \o oo C-l a $ \o \o . sexeeeeelsäääseese8ee8eeee88eeti Fi Fi t-'r t-r : ; -r -r '-r ; '-.r '< '-., öi '-r ; '-r '-t 91 -i -i Ol Fi O\ O\ p-o ca -\ -N ^i ö lSl;ooo\-i c.il-,i-. -i -c.i c.ic-i c.i acoc.r-++ln\o::t--t-- t< -i aa-,-*: ce-i cJ-: F--i+arcj'..raIvd,a,r; \+oqG-i :t\\+:t v)! -i ,-.r .i .-r J Cl| C.l d - O.l Fr -i J Crt J -r I N C-t 112 J Cr| n'-r 6j -i Cl| -< $'-r C{ BASICDATA TI21 2.0.1.1 Basic data: key general statistics Unemployment Total Total Population GDP/ Trade Inflation (r) rate (7o of civilian area (l 000 inhabi- inhabitants balance Vo civilian working population (km2) tants) PPS (2) (Mio ECU) population) (x1000) 2 J 4 5 6 1 8 EUR 15 3 240 08r 370393 16733 2,7 t45 233* 77 055* Belgique/Belgiö 30518 10101 18675 )) 10,0 3 744(4) 3 549(3) Danmark 43 093 5 t97 l8 901 1,9 8,2 2 573 6 207* BR Deutschland 356970 8l 338 179r8 )) 8,4 34 456 47 493 Elläda r3r 957 10410 r1 203 10,9 8,9 3 790 - 9 749* Espafra 504795 39 rt7 13081 4,1 24,1 tl 760 - l2 810 France 549085 57779 18215 1,5 12,3 21810 7 tt5 Ireland 70 285 3 569 13769 2,8 15,1 I 164 6 955 Italia 3013ll 57 138 l7 024 3,6 II,4 20 000 29777 Luxembourg 2 568 401 26 679 2,9 3,5 207 3 549(3) Nederland 41480 t5 342 17174 2,1 7,0 6 63r 11088 Österreich 83860 8 015 18610 3,1 4,4( ) 3 570(4) -7 743 Portugal 91910 9 888 11668 5,5 7,0 4 464(4) -5694 Suomi/Finland 338150 5 078 15196 )5 17,3( ) 2 0r5 6 460 Sverige 449960 8 745 16283 2,9 7,7( ) 3 927 8 098 United Kingdom 244 r38 58276 t6 596 2,1 9,6 25 163 - 1369r EUR t2 2 368 tll 348555 16 142 ll,2 135727* 70 240* USA 9 372600 263095 23737 1,8 6,1 119 306 (4) - r39232 Japan 377800 r25 02r 19325 4.0 2,9 64 495 (4) t22873 Sources: Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (') GDP price deflator. (2) Purchasing power standard. (3) UEBL/BLEU. (4) 1993. TI22 BASICDATA 2.0.1.2 Basic data - key EU agricultural statistics Employment in the agriculture forestry, hunting and fishing sector Utilized Number of UAA Final Share in agricultural holdings per production employed area (l 000 holding of agriculture Number civilian (l 000ha) holdings) (ha) (Mio ECU) (l m0 persons) working population (Vo) t994 1993 1993 1994 1994 1994 I 2 J 4 5 6 7 EUR 15 140553 7 815 16,4 7 878* 5,4 206 496 Belgique/Belgiö I 380 76 17,J 9s (7) 2,5(7 6 864 Danmark 2739 74 37,A 146 5,7 6 392 BR Deutschland r7 162 606 2g,l I 035 3,0 31396 Elläda 574r(4) 819 4,3 790 20,8 8 722 Espafla 29756 I 384 17,g I 151 9,8 22 r74 France 302r7 801 35,I I 048 4,8 43 917 Ireland 4 444(6) 159 26,9 r40 12,0 4 307 Italia t7 215(5) 2 488 5,9 I 572 7,9 32332 a Luxembourg 127 J 42,3 6 2,8 186 Nederland | 977 120 16,8 264 4,0 16808 Österreich 3 962 267 12,9 416 (7) 13,3(1 5 412 Portugal 3 983 489 8,1 514 (7) ll,6 (7 32tl Suomi/Finland 2 605 r92 14,0 168 8,3 3581 Sverige 3 367 92 36,5 135 3,4 3 357 ') ') United Kingdom l5 878 244 67,1 565 L;L t7 831 EUR 12 130619 7 264 16,4 7 098 '55 ,' 194t45 USA 426 948 2 065 206,7 2 040 (7) 1,7(, 160 575 (7 Japan 5 204 (6 3 724(7) 1,4* 3 633 (6) 6,4 (8 76 236 (8 Sources:Eurostat and EuropeanCommission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (') For MemberStates intra+extra trade, for EUR 12 and EUR 15 extratrade. (2) Changefrom previousyear. (3) UEBL/BLEU, (1) 1988. (s) 1989. (6) 1991. (1) 1993. (8\ 1992. BASIC DATA TI23 EU trade in food and Share of household agricultural products ( r) consumPtion Share of expenditure Gross Share of agriculture Share of Share of Trend devoted to food, Consumption value-added Extemal agriculture in total gros imports of food exports of food of food beverages and of inputs at market trade balance in the GDP fixed capital and agricultural and agricultural prices tobacco as pro- (Mio ECU) prices in food and (GVA/GDP) (7o) formation products products (2) (7o) portion of total (Mio ECU) agricultural (:E") in imports of in exports of consumer products all products all products expenditure (Mio ECU) (vo) (vo) of households (7o) 1994 1994 1994 1994 1994 1994 t994 1994 1992 8 9 10 l1 12 l3 t4 15 t6 95 2r3 ttl 474 1,8 3,1 19,7 3 893 2 97r 1,6 1,3 13,1(3) 11,9 (3 l4l 1z 1,8 17,3 3 292 3 099 )5 3,1 16,J 29,8 5 171 3,0 20,1 t7 298 14 098 0,8 1,5 ll,6 5,9 - 15 889 1,5 15,0 2 286 6 436 7,5 3,8 17,7 33,2 - 577 12,9 36,4 10565 1l 608 2,7 15,8 16,5 -1082 5,6 20,0 21 321 22 596 2,0 )) 12,0 14,9 6 679 1,5 18,3 1 968 2 339 5,4 7,6 ll,2 21,5 3 779 15 34,8 9 r04 23 228 2,6 5,6 16,6 7,3 - l1 819 3,5 20,1 82 104 0,9 1,8 (7) 13,1(3) 11,9(3 t47 (3 2,r 18,2* 7 811 8 938 ?)* 3,7 16,2 24,4 t2 484 1,8 14,6 1 950 3 462 )) 7,4 (7) 5,7 (1 -t104(7 l,g 19,l | 695 r 522 2,0* 2,2 (1) ll,0 8,3 -2504 3,7 32,r 2 188 1 393 1,8 3,8 (7) 8,8 (7) 8,7 (1 387 (1 0,3 23,2 1 783 r 574 1,0 1,5 9,r (7) 6,0 (7 - 765 1t 1,7 19,9 9 917 7 9t5 0,9 1,2 I 1,8 7,6 - 10288 1,2 20,7 89 29r 104854 1,8 ))* 12,0 8,4 - 19334 3,0 19,6 84 930 (7 76 646 (7 1,7(8) 6,8 (7 12,7 (7 12423 (7 1,0 32160 (8 44 616 (8 1,6(8) 23,9 (7 0,6 (1 - 47 170(7 TI24 THE AGRICULTURALECoNoMY 3.1.1 Shares of individual products in final agricultural production (1994) BR EUR I5 Belgique/Belgiö Danmark Elläda Espafra France Deutschland 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 Products subject to EU market organizations: Wheat 4,9 2,7 6,0 5,2 3,6 2,8 7,7 Rye 0,2 0,0 0,9 1,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 Oats 0,2 0,0 0,3 0,2 0,0 0,1 0,1 Barley 1,7 0,5 4,8 )5 0,3 2,1 1,5 Maize 1,7 0,0 0,0 0,7 2,3 0,7 4,0 Rice 0,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,7 0,6 0,1 Sugarbeet 2,4 4,1 )) 3,9 1,3 1,9 2,7 Tobacco 0,5 0,1 0,0 0,1 4,4 0,5 0,2 Olive oil 1,6 0,0 0,0 0,0 9,9 0,0 Oilseeds 1,2 0,1 t,4 l,g 0,1 0,8 )) Fresh fruit (') 4,5 4,3 0,5 5,7 8,2 6,5 3,8 Fresh vegetables 9,7 13,7 2,0 3,8 13,3 l7,l J,4 Other fruit and vegetables(2) 7,6 0,1 0,7 0,1 2,4 6,2 1,0 Wine and must 5,0 0,0 0,0 3,6 r,7 2,3 12,6 Seeds 0,6 0,2 1,1 0,6 0,1 0,1 1,4 Textile fibres 0,6 0,1 0,0 0,0 12,8 0,4 0,1 Hops 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 Milk 18,5 13,8 23,9 25,9 13,5 8,7 17,6 Beef/veal 12,l 19,7 8,3 72,3 3,2 7,4 r4,3 Pigmeat 10,5 18,8 31,5 14,3 2,9 ll,6 6,4 Sheepmeat and goatmeat 1,9 0,2 0,1 0,3 6,4 5) 1,2 Eggs 2,5 2,6 1,2 3,r 2,3 3,0 r,6 Poultry 4,8 3,9 2,6 )5 2,8 4,1 6,7 Subtotal 87,4 84,9 87,4 88,2 92,4 87,6 92,7 Products not subject EU market organizations Potatoes 3,0 6,2 1,6 3,4 3,1 3,0 l,'7 Other 9,6 8,9 11,0 8,4 4,5 9,4 5,7 Subtotal 12,6 15.1 12,6 I 1,8 7,6 12,4 7,3 Grand total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Value in Mio ECU 205860 6 864 6 392 3t 396 8 722 22 t74 43 9r7 Sources: Eurostat - Agricultural accounts and European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (') These are products listed in Annex II to Regulation (EEC) No 1035/72. (2) Dried pulses, citrus fruit. THE AGRICULTURALECoNoMY T/25 (7o) Ireland United Italia Luxembourg Nederland Osterreich Portugal Suomi/Finland Sverige EUR 12 Kingdom 9 l0 ll t2 l3 14 l5 l6 17 18 1,1 3,9 2,1 0,7 4,8 r,7 3,7 2,9 9,5 5,0 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,0 0,9 0,2 0,5 0,3 0,0 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,2 0,0 0,3 a') 0,2 1,7 " t" 0,3 0,1 1,7 0,4 1,9 0,2 1,7 0,2 2,6 7,2 J??'J 1,6 0,0 2,9 0,0 0,1 0,3 l,g 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,8 0,0 1,5 0,0 0,0 0,0 L,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,4 1,8 1,8 0,0 1,8 2,8 0,0 2,4 2,3 2,1 2,4 0,0 1,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,5 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,5 0,0 3,6 0,0 0,0 0,0 2,9 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,7 0,0 0,8 0,5 0,0 r,2 0,3 1,7 1,7 1,4 1,2 "7,1 0,3 2,1 r,6 4,8 4,8 0,7 1,0 1,8 4,6 3,2 14,7 0,8 ll,6 8,3 10,5 10,4 3,5 8,1 9,9 0,0 3,1 0,0 0,1 0,0 2,3 0,3 0,0 0,6 1,7 0,0 7,8 9,5 0,0 5,0 6,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 5) 0,0 0,0 0,0 )? 0,0 0,0 0,2 0,0 0,2 0,7 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,7 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,1 33,9 I1,1 43,5 20,9 22,7 13,9 31,0 32,6 23,8 17,3 37,5 10,0 27,6 10,5 15,3 8,2 ll,2 12,6 14,4 11,9 5,9 6,5 8,2 14,3 17,9 14,2 13,8 13,5 7,1 10,1 4,9 0,7 0,0 0,4 0,5 3,5 0,3 0,2 5,5 1,7 0,6 2,5 1,0 )5 2,6 3,3 2,9 3,0 3,5 -t")7 3? 5,6 0,1 3,5 3,5 8,2 2,6 )? 7,2 4,7 94,2 85,I 97,5 70,5 92,6 84,4 86,1 86,4 89,0 85,9 )7 1,5 l,l 6,0 2,1 7,2 2,8 ?) 4,6 3,1 3,5 13,3 r,4 23,5 5,4 8,4 l1,l r0,4 6,4 11,0 5,8 14,8 2.5 29,5 7,4 15,6 13,9 13,6 11,0 14,2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 4 307 32332 186 16808 4 777 3217 3 581 3 357 l7 831 194145 T126 THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY 3.1.2 Individual Member States' shares in final agricultural production (1994) BR Deutschland Products subject to EU market organiTations: Wheat r,9 3,9 16,5 4,7 6,2 34,2 Rye 0,2 13,l 76,0 0,9 0,0 4,0 Oats 1,2 7,0 )55 1,6 8,1 13,1 Barley 7,2 9,9 25,5 0,9 14,9 2r,l Maize 0,1 0,0 6,6 7,3 4,7 50,2 Rice 0,0 0,0 0,0 6,9 17,3 5,1 Sugarbeet 6,0 2,9 26,1 2,4 9,1 25,4 Tobacco 0,7 0,0 ?5 39,1 10,8 10,6 Olive oil 0,0 0,0 0,0 25,0 35,4 0,0 Oilseeds 0,3 3,7 )5) 0,3 7,6 40,5 Fresh fruit (') ?) 0,3 19,6 7,8 75,7 18,3 Fresh vegetables 4,8 0,7 6,1 6,0 19,5 16,7 Wine and must 0,0 0,0 1l,l 1,5 5,0 53,9 Seeds 0,8 5,4 14,1 0,6 1,4 45,9 Textile fibres 0,6 0,0 0,0 87,6 6,4 4,9 Hops 2,0 0,0 76,3 0,0 3,9 3,7 Milk )7 4,3 23,1 3,3 5,3 22,0 Beef/veal 5,7 )7 16,3 1,2 6,9 26,4 Pigmeat 6,3 9,9 22,1 r,2 12,6 13,7 Sheepmeat and goatmeat 0,3 0,1 2.0 13,7 28,2 13,4 Subtotal Eggs Poultry Other fruit and vegetables(2) Subtotal Products not subject to EU market organilations Potatoes Other Subtotal Grand total Sources: Eurostat - Agricultural accounts and European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (r) These are products listed in Annex II to Regulation (EEC) No 1035/72. (2) Dried pulses, citrus fruit. THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY T/27 EUR 12 = 100 (vo) United Kingdom 0,5 12,7 0,0 1,2 0,5 17,l 0,0 0,4 0,0 0,7 1,9 0,8 2,9 13,2 0,1 1,2 2,6 20,9 2,4 3,7 0,1 1,0 0,2 19,0 0,0 27,3 0,0 0,4 1,8 0,0 0,0 59,5 0,0 0,0 5,6 0,0 1,6 12,2 0,0 6,3 0,0 7,9 0,0 32,0 0,0 0,0 1,7 0,0 0,0 34,1 0,0 0,0 2,7 0,0 0,0 10,6 0,0 0,3 0,4 10,7 0,2 25,0 0,0 3,0 r,7 3,5 0,7 24,5 0,0 10,1 1,7 7,4 0,0 24,5 0,2 0,0 1,9 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 28,6 0,0 1? 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,5 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 14,l 4,I 10,2 0,2 10,0 1,3 12,l 6,8 13,6 0,2 7,4 1,1 l0,g 1,2 11 10,4 0,1 11,8 L;1 6,2 5) 5,7 0,0 1,6 2,8 24,2 9,0 12,9 13,2 3,0 11,2 13,2 6,1 7,8 9,2 THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY TI29 ca v? -i \ o{ \o^ v} \ ö{ o^ oo^ -i \ a a q \O * \n \O F- @ \n oO $ \O c.) 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(h ;- d " 9ö (.) ji d @E = ?9ci.. 9=cvv:' cg c) oc) ))ü) >Jl ,=.90-EE t< .F:* 6(rJA i,.tr9? v €l(u vv -€l- X FJiFZ $r '- zi9 ()-s \JCdO. Z !,- E ECCC TI32 THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY 3.1.5 Final agricultural production, crop production and livestock production (') Mio NC Mio ECU VoTAY 1994 1992 1993 1994 1992 l 993 t994 tgcß 6 l 8 a^ I 2 J 5 Final production: EUR 15 X X X 2r7s38 20r 629 205860 2,r Belgique/Belgiö 214 596 265 366 272r99 6 606 6 557 6 864 2,6 - Danmark 51003 49 085 48 2r3 6 531 6 464 6 392 1,8 - BR Deutschland 66 864 61 203 60 422 33096 31 607 31 396 7,3 Elläda 2 r07 199 2 200 103 2 512194 8 533 8 r92 8 722 14,2 Espafla 3 248727 3 252300 3 523 800 24 5r4 21 809 22 174 8,3 France 3r2 985 279324 289086 45 102 42 r07 43 9r7 3,5 - Ireland 3 364 3 450 3418 4 422 4 313 4 307 0,9 Italia (2) 61241 60815 61918 38387 33030 32332 1,8 - Luxembourg 7 868 7 557 7 359 189 187 186 2,6 Nederland 36662 34342 362t7 16116 15788 16808 5,6 Österreich 64 275 63 69r 64 674 4 52r 4 675 4 777 1,5 Portugal 620855 590400 633 387 3 554 3 r34 3217 7,3 Suomi/Finland 28 096 29 969 32 814 3 130 3 286 3581 9,5 Sverige 19836 20714 20 780 3 416 3 093 3 357 0,3 United Kingdom 13444 13563 1383s 18214 r7 389 t7 831 2,0 1,9 EUR 12 X X X 205872 r90576 r94 145 B. Crop production: EUR 15 X X X 104168 93 8r3 97 399 3,8 Belgique/Belgiö 97 557 1047t4 l 13718 2 346 2 587 2 868 8,6 - Danmark t4 403 15442 14210 | 844 2 034 1 884 8,0 BR Deutschland 25 593 23 265 23 4r5 12 668 12015 t2 t67 0,6 Elläda | 467945 l 530348 t757 464 5 942 5 698 6 r02 14,8 Espafla l 87663r 1 854800 2 018000 14 160 12 438 12 698 8,8 France 162l7 | t37 255 143587 23 680 20 69r 21 8r3 4,6 Ireland 456 389 405 600 486 511 4,3 Iralia (2) 38039 36322 37 037 23 841 19127 19340 2,0 - Luxembourg r 786 I 405 r 379 43 35 35 1,9 Nederland 15419 15169 17090 6 778 6 974 7 919 12,7 Österreich 20 r70 l9 509 21 56r 1 419 1432 | 592 10,5 257753 232210 2713rr | 415 1 233 I 378 16,9 Portugal ))) Suomi/Finland 8 r99 9 043 1l 051 1 412 1 350 1785 - 4,1 Sverige 5 841 6725 6 450 775 737 704 3,0 United Kingdom 5 299 4 974 5124 7 184 6 377 6 604 EUR 12 X X X r00562 90 293 93 3r7 3,3 THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY T/33 3.1.5 (cont.) Mio NC Mio ECU VoTAY t994 t992 1993 1994 1992 1993 1994 tg% I 2 J 4 5 6 l 8 B.I. Cereals (excl. rice): EUR 15 X X X 23 3r9 19 6t9 17762 - 9,5 Belgique/Belgiö rr 569 9 701 9 316 278 240 235 - 4,0 Danmark 5 856 6 986 5 728 750 920 759 - 19,0 BR Deutschland t 182 6 062 5 433 3 s55 3 131 2 823 - 10,4 Elläda 166150 r49 453 rsg 696 673 s56 554 6,9 Espafla 2t2 176 247 500 202 800 I 601 1 660 | 276 - lg,1 France 58487 40510 38 02r 6 540 6 t07 5 776 - 6,1 Ireland 186 131 100 244 163 126 - 23,1 (2) Italia 5 025 5 315 4 603 3 r49 2 886 2 404 - 13,4 Luxembourg 454 378 329 1l 9 8 - 12,9 Nederland 458 4r0 371 201 188 172 - 9,4 Österreich 4 677 3 085 5 r49 329 226 380 66,9 Portugal 28 540 30 392 28 638 r63 161 145 - 5,8 Suomi/Finland 2 655 3 100 2 812 451 463 454 - 9,3 Sverige 2 501 3 432 2 855 332 376 312 - 16,9 United Kingdom 2 239 1 975 1813 3 034 2 532 2 336 - 8,2 EUR 12 X X X 22 201 r8 554 16 616 - 10,4 Livestock production: EUR 15 X X x 113r23 107201 t08 245 1,0 Belgique/Belgiö 176507 160094 157864 4 244 3 956 3 981 - 1,4 Danmark 36 600 33 643 34 003 4 681 4 430 4 s08 1,1 BR Deutschland 4r t48 37 903 37 003 20 367 r9 574 19227 -)-r' 4 Elläda 639 509 669 460 754577 2 589 2 493 2 620 12,7 Espafla l 372759 1 346000 r 454300 10358 9 026 9151 8,0 France 150927 r42 091 145658 22 038 21 420 22 r28 )\ Ireland 2 908 3 061 3013 3 822 3 827 3 796 - 1,6 Italia (2) 22 582 23574 24 074 14153 t2 803 t2 571 2,1 Luxembourg 6 057 6 129 5 959 146 151 150 - 2,9 Nederland 21243 19173 19 187 9 338 8 814 8 890 0,1 Österreich 44 t05 44 182 43 113 3 102 3 243 3 184 -) 4 Portugal 340888 33790r 341lr7 1951 | 794 1 732 1,0 Suomi/Finland 19897 20 926 2t 763 3 426 3 r25 35ls 4,0 Sverige 13996 13989 14330 l 858 | 534 r 564 2,4 United Kingdom 8 145 8 s89 8711 rr 042 tl 012 lt 227 1,4 EUR 12 X X X r04 736 99 300 99 981 0,7 TI34 THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY 3.1.5 (cont.) Vc TAY Mio NC Mio ECU t994 1993 1994 1992 1993 1994 1992 tqgz 6 1 8 I 2 J 4 5 Beef/veal total: 25 969 1,2 EUR 15 X X X 26 r9r 25 670 | 273 - 1,0 Belgique/Belgiö 50480 51008 50498 | 2r4 1 260 534 0,0 Danmark 4 214 4 023 4 025 540 s30 4 349 - 5,2 BR Deutschland 8 981 8 833 8 370 4 445 4 562 246 ?? Elläda 69 593 68 520 70 795 282 255 | 644 9,9 Espafla 233 380 237700 261 300 | 76r | 594 6 827 6,0 France 44 995 42 382 44 937 6 570 6 389 | 616 - 4,9 Ireland | 267 | 349 | 282 I 665 I 686 2r9 4,9 Italia (2) 5 259 5 878 6 164 3 296 3 192 3 5l - 1,4 Luxembourg 1986 2 06r 2 033 48 51 | 759 3,8 Nederland 3 865 3 657 3 796 | 699 1681 732 - 4,4 Österreich 1l 338 10363 9 910 198 761 265 -17) Portugal 60 199 60 039 52 r04 345 319 594 - 0,1 Suomi/Finland 3 453 3 684 3 680 595 550 285 4,4 Sverige 29r3 2 506 2 616 .387 275 2 575 - 0,2 United Kingdom 1 880 2 001 1 998 2 548 2 566 24 357 X EUR 12 X X x 24 4t2 24 084 Mitk: 0,5 EUR 15 X X X 37885 37 84r 38035 909 - 3,7 Belgique/Belgiö 37 897 37 433 36 061 911 925 | 528 - 1,1 Danmark 11898 1l 655 rr 525 | 524 I 535 8 093 - 3,8 BR Deutschland 16325 16 188 15576 8 080 8 360 1118 26,4 Elläda 201 r09 254 637 32r 9r9 838 948 t 929 8,1 Espafla 258244 2$ 104 306600 1 949 r 902 7 662 0,9 France 50 r94 49 992 50 434 7 329 7 536 r 454 0,8 Ireland 1078 I t45 | 154 | 417 | 431 594 2,6 Italia (2) 6 698 6 708 6 882 4 198 3 643 3 81 - 6,1 Luxembourg 3 338 3 4rl 3 202 80 84 3 506 - 4,7 Nederland 7 987 7 941 7 566 3511 3 651 1082 0,5 Österreich t4 427 l4 585 t4 655 1015 1 07t 446 8,1 Portugal 84 787 8t 2r4 87813 485 43r | 645 3,7 SuomilFinland 9 374 9 825 10185 | 614 1 467 740 )) Sverige 6 646 6 634 6 777 882 727 4 248 2,3 United Kingdom 2 988 3 221 3 296 4 051 4 t29 34 568 0,0 EUR 12 X X X 34 374 34576 THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY TI35 3.1.5 (cont.) Mio NC Mio ECU 7o TAY 1994 1992 1993 1994 1992 t993 t994 tg% I I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 C.3. Pigmeat: EUR 15 X X X 26 186 21 368 21873 2.4 Belgique/Belgiö 68 126 50738 49 879 I 638 1 254 | 258 - t,7 Danmark 17666 t4 702 \s 202 2 262 | 936 2 0r5 3,4 BR Deutschland 11558 8 659 87r3 5 721 4 472 4 527 0,6 Elläda 77 187 63 455 67 586 312 236 235 6,5 Espafla 42r 567 388700 407 100 3181 2 607 2 562 4,7 France 22 542 l8 039 l8 903 3 292 2 719 2 872 4,8 Ireland 221 r99 200 291 249 252 0,5 Italia (2) 4 282 4 068 4 0s0 2 684 2 210 2 tts - 0,4 Luxembourg 622 542 602 15 l3 l5 l l,1 Nederland 6 489 4 774 s 188 2 853 2195 2 404 8,7 Österreich 12350 It 664 r1 609 869 8s6 857 - 0,5 Portugal 86 278 79 251 89721 494 421 456 13,2 Suomi/Finland 4 108 4 23r 4 541 707 632 734 7,3 Sverige 2 862 2744 2 809 380 301 307 2,4 United Kingdom l 098 989 982 I 488 | 268 | 26s - 0,8 EUR 12 X x X 24 230 19 579 19975 2,0 C.4. Eggs and poultrymeat: EUR 15 X X X T5419 14 994 15080 0,6 Belgique/Belgiö t6 221 r7 239 t7 2r9 390 426 434 - 0,1 Danmark 1 648 | 740 | 812 2tl 229 240 4,1 BR Deutschland 3 608 3 490 3 667 | 786 | 802 I 905 5,1 Elläda 116469 rr2 987 l r9 063 471 42r 413 5,4 Espafla 253292 237 400 251000 1 91r | 592 1 579 5,7 France 24 993 24 043 24 396 3 649 3 624 3 706 1,5 Ireland 135 r25 134 177 156 r69 7,9 Italia (2) 4 527 5 003 5 052 2 838 2 717 2 638 1,0 Luxembourg 79 78 78 2 2 2 - 0,6 Österreich 2 370 2 321 2 192 | 042 1 067 I 015 - 5,6 Nederland 4 300 4 100 3 97r 302 301 293 - 3,1 Portugal 72 949 80 276 72 857 418 426 370 -q) Suomi/Finland | 490 1558 I 785 257 233 288 14,6 Sverige I 061 I 048 I 098 t4l 115 r20 4,8 United Kingdom | 346 1 469 | 478 | 824 r 883 I 905 0,6 EUR 12 X X x 14719 14 346 14 378 0,2 Sources: Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture (') At current prices. (2) In thousand million lire. T136 THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY (at market prices): changes 3.1.6 Final agricultural production, consumption of inputs and gross value added by volume ( 1990= 100) 1994 1991 t992 l 993 a A 6 ? 5 I z J Final production EUR 15 109,7 Belgique/Belgiö 106,2 111,5 713,2 101,4 Danmark 98,4 96,1 103,9 98,0 BR Deutschland 100,7 105,2 100,7 r15,4 Elläda 113,6 112,5 111,1 94,7 Espafla 100,0 100,1 95,6 97,5 France 96,0 102,5 95,6 100,6 Ireland 100,3 105,3 101,9 105,2 Italia 106,3 108,1 105,9 99,6 Luxembourg 95,1 104,9 100,7 106,4 Nederland 102,1 104,0 104,9 Österreich 90,9 Portugal 100,9 96,0 90,3 97,8 SuomilFinland 88,8 85,3 95,3 86,0 Sverige 92,5 84,7 86,3 99,8 United Kingdom 99,9 101,9 99.r 98,9 EUR 12 101,1 104,0 100,6 Consumption EUR 15 of inputs 106,4 BelgiquelBelgiö 105,7 107,1 105,8 99,1 Danmark 98,0 99,4 100,5 90,7 BR Deutschland 99,0 95,6 91,2 108,5 Elläda 99,7 100,5 107,3 97,8 Espafia 99,5 100,4 93,1 98,2 France 98,9 98,4 96,4 114,7 Ireland 100,9 102,5 107,0 96,9 Italia 101,7 100,3 91,8 101,5 Luxembourg 102,1 t04,2 98,9 99,4 Nederland 101,9 102,4 101,5 Österreich 89,0 Portugal 97,5 90,9 90,4 108,5 Suomi/Finland 99,'7 100,5 107,3 98,0 Sverige 88,8 88,2 92,6 99,8 United Kingdom 98,5 97,4 99,3 91,5 EUR 12 99,8 98,9 96,7 THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY TI3] 3.1.6 (cont.) t991 1992 1993 t994 I 2 3 4 5 6 Gross value-added EUR 15 Belgique/Belgiö 106,9 1I7,2 r22,6 113,8 Danmark gg,7 92,9 107,2 103,6 BR Deutschland 102,5 I 15,5 111,0 105,8 Elläda 118,4 116,6 112,4 117,7 Espafla 100,3 99,8 97,3 92,5 France 93,7 105,6 94,9 97,0 Ireland gg,g 107,4 98,2 90,4 Italia r09,2 lll,3 109,2 108,6 Luxembourg 90,2 105,3 101,8 gg,4 Nederland r02,4 105,4 107,9 112,5 Österreich Portugal 104,2 101,0 90,2 110,9 SuomilFinland gg,7 81,3 98,9 97,5 Sverige 94,5 82,1 84,7 84,3 United Kingdom 101,3 106,8 99,0 gg,g EUR 12 102,1 107,9 103,6 105,2 Source: Eurostat. T/38 THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY 3.1.7 Evolution of the irnplicit price index of final production: - value/volume (nominal) - value/volume, deflated by GDP deflator (real) | 1990= t00) l99l 1992 1993 1994 a 5 6 I 2 J 4 Nominal EUR 15 Belgique/Belgiö 99,3 93,7 89,2 94,3 Danmark gg,g 98,0 87,2 87,8 BR Deutschland 99,5 93,4 89,3 90,9 Elläda 119,0 122,0 129,0 141,9 Espafra r00,2 93,0 97,5 106,6 France gg,6 91,7 87,7 89,0 Ireland 97,1 99,0 104,9 105,3 Italia 104,1 10r,2 102,6 105,1 Luxembourg 91,9 90,3 90,3 88,9 Nederland 100,5 96,8 89,9 93,6 Österreich Portugal 100,5 93,8 94,8 101,0 Suomi/Finland gg,1 97,2 92,9 99,r Sverige 97,I 95,9 98,3 98,9 United Kingdom gg,3 99,6 103,2 104,6 EUR 12 100,7 95,0 90,9 94,2 Real EUR 15 Belgique/Belgiö 96,2 88,6 82,1 84,9 Danmark 96,6 93,8 82,4 81,3 BR Deutschland 96,2 86,8 J9,7 78,5 Elläda 99,6 88,2 81,4 80,7 Espafla 94,5 82,9 83,0 86,7 France 96,5 86,8 81,4 81,2 Ireland 94,1 93,0 97,2 95,4 Italia 98,0 90,6 87,9 86,6 Luxembourg 89,1 84,9 82,0 79,0 Nederland 96,7 90,3 8r,7 82,8 Österreich Portugal 90,6 77,5 73,6 74,6 Suomi/Finland 94,2 90,6 84,7 89,4 Sverige 88,8 85,7 83,9 82,7 United Kingdom 93,7 90,7 92,5 91,5 EUR 12 96,2 88,0 83,7 84,9 Source: Eurostat. THE AGRICULTURALECoNoMY TI39 3.1.8 Evolution of the implicit price index of intermediate consumption: - value/volume (nominal) - value/volume, deflated by GDP deflator (real) 0990 = t00) r 991 1992 1993 t994 I n 2 -l a 5 6 Nominal EUR t5 Belgique/Belgiö 100,7 100,1 99,1 gg,5 Danmark gg,4 gg,3 100,9 95,3 BR Deutschland r02,4 103,2 103,7 104,4 Elläda 120,2 137,3 I44,6 155,0 Espafla 103,0 103,1 115,7 1r7,4 France 99,1 99,7 98,3 98,2 Ireland 100,3 99,6 99,7 100,8 Italia 101,3 102,6 110,2 111,7 Luxembourg 99,8 100,9 100,1 98,1 Nederland r01,4 101,9 100,7 100,8 Österreich Portugal 106,9 104,3 105,6 109,3 SuomilFinland 104,2 103,9 104,3 104,5 Sverige 106,5 l0g,g 112,7 112,6 United Kingdom r04,6 106,9 110,7 111,0 EUR 12 101,8 102,0 102,6 r02,2 Real EUR r5 Belgique/Belgiö 97,6 94,6 91,2 88,5 Danmark 97,1 94,0 95,2 88,3 BR Deutschland 99,0 95,9 92,6 90,5 Elläda 100,6 99,2 91,3 88,2 Espafra 97,2 91,8 98,5 95,6 France 96,0 94,4 9r,2 89,6 Ireland 97,2 93,7 92,4 91,3 Italia 95,4 91,8 94,4 92,0 Luxembourg 96,7 94,9 90,8 87,r Nederland 97,5 95,1 91,5 89,2 Österreich : Portugal 96,3 86,3 82,0 80,7 SuomilFinland 99,9 96,9 95,1 94,3 Sverige 97,3 97,4 96,3 94,1 United Kingdom gg,g 97,3 99,2 97,0 EUR 12 97,2 94,5 94,5 92,1 Sources: Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. TI4O THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY 3.1.9 Trend of 'terms of trade'(1) (.1990'=t00) 1994 EUR 15 94,7 Belgique/Belgiö 99,7 98,3 93,3 90,1 89,5 Danmark 101,3 100,9 101,2 86,4 88,2 BR Deutschland 102,2 97,9 9l,l 87,2 93,7 Elläda 100,9 100,1 89,8 89,4 9r,3 Espafla 100,5 98,6 90,8 84,7 90,5 France 100,9 99,4 91,4 87,9 99,I Ireland 94,3 91,8 93,8 99,3 93,9 Italia 99,6 102,3 98,2 93,2 93,2 Luxembourg 102,6 93,7 91,5 95,1 94,5 Nederland 99,1 98,9 94,4 89,5 Österreich 93,3 Portugal 101,2 95,3 91,0 90,9 93,0 SuomilFinland gg,2 92,5 91,8 87,4 88,9 Sverige 101,1 92,3 89,0 88,1 93,8 United Kingdom 101,3 96,0 94,7 92,9 EUR T2 93,1 Soffcesj Eurcsbt md Eurcpem Commissim, Dir4rcare-Ceneral fd Agriculture. .@ms production b that of inEmediac consnption (r) The of fade' lbr agicüture re measued by the ratio of the nominal price index of tohl final THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY T/41 3.1.10 Gross lixed capital formation and gross value added in agriculture at factor cost(r) (19 = lM) 1991 1992 t993 1994 I 2 J + 5 6 Gross fixed Belgique/Belgiö 74,5 81,7 73,5 75,4 capital Danmark 82,7 88,7 67,9 66,3 formation BR Deutschland 98,9 103,6 90,3 90,1 (GFCF) EIIäda 103,I 157,8 146,5 Espafla : France 97,3 87,8 82,6 94,I Ireland 79,7 96,3 65,2 77,9 Italia 102,6 101,8 99,5 107,2 Luxembourg 94,5 91,7 80,8 Nederland 100,5 95,6 93,7 81,9 Österreich : Portugal 102,7 10r,4 97,4 Suomi/Finland 87,0 gg,4 82,r : Sverige 73,9 44,9 41,0 41,2 United Kingdom 79,7 96,l 101,7 102,9 Gross value Belgique/Belgiö 100,6 97,2 96,2 103,2 added (GVA) Danmark 96,4 92,4 94,1 101,2 BR Deutschland 97,3 100,4 91,4 90,8 Elläda 140,9 139,3 151,0 179,2 Espafla 101,3 9l,l 98,8 112,3 France 94,8 94,7 91,2 gg,l Ireland 93,2 106,3 108,3 113,0 Italia 114,1 113,6 I13,5 115,2 Luxembourg 92,7 94,3 94,7 93,1 Nederland 102,9 97,9 87,3 100,3 Österreich 94,2 95,4 gg,0 95,2 Portugal 103,3 93,2 83,2 104,0 Suomi/Finland 77,0 7I,I 77,1 80,4 Sverige 94,4 84,9 84,0 83,0 United Kingdom 98,1 103,4 I15,9 119,5 GFCF/GVA BelgiqueiBelgiö 13,5 15,3 13,9 13,3 (vo) Danmark 20,2 22,6 17,0 15,4 BR Deutschland 30,6 31,1 29,7 29,g Elläda 6,J 10,5 8,9 Espafra : : France 17,7 16,0 15,6 16,4 Ireland 19,g 19,2 14,2 16,3 Italia 29,5 29,4 29,7 30,5 Luxembourg 46,3 44,2 36,7 Nederland 28,0 21,9 21,4 23,4 Österreich Portugal 20,0 21,9 23,5 : SuomilFinland 26,5 29,r 24,9 : Sverige 21,5 14,5 13,4 13,6 United Kingdom 13,g 15,9 15,0 14,g Sources: Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (') At current prices; the series is based on figures exclusive of vAT. TI42 THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY .-:. a-€ ,*; q) 9 qc?aqo-,rlav?T"ac{-i - 3E -a- $c>cl-lc>Joc.ioc{$cn v tsk Do5 rtll tr d..o A- - ö- cg L FI >gl - e(lt -€ O- t - !J2 .o" \o I S/ß F\1^16l\-OooC{n"\Ol- -i al ca @ c.iid-idJc{-Ot-- L I I äo ttll - 3 L CH a -+) F L C) \o t-- o0 öY v1 c{c{v?\\q.a3A\ F- c.lc\rnNoo$c{ÖooN\O ro "; i^ o.) I t )'o tllllll I ';8 c€ 6E () q) tr GI - ! oa) tr 4E ol - \O O \O^ C.l \n $ \O iö C.1 t-- -Ä - O\ $ ^ ca) +. Fr '-i OO Fi O\ - O C.l C-l -t OO \Ö t (J I - o lllllll I L OE L ä0 c! Eq) N .t- .l !L Q) )- ,r}\c.i \ € -4 o^ac{cl gix3 ca) - .!= ö; tr) ) -rL\'E.g OOca I d 5 I 6 ttllllll +) -oo ?1 q)I ..1 F I - g x -oo A FYT.^ F H i € a) v? q)- ^!!'r -)-v^ .r * - co sf 3 a e'-^a 3R3S3$Riä3 rt I ;i oo r'q llllllllll -o) av I E=HF E t- c! F q) --!1 a oo aJ rt) a= F (n o.' ca) *3*Si33ä3K 35n5 Ä a..l \J= tllll l.l ä0 0) j I oo o!l I g L r-< ca E\/ q t-'r \O \O \n O'l \O C..l <. r-.i Fr \n \ :' \J J Ä c'i'ri ci () :9 N f ä ä ä -7i c.i o o + ,- ]- "i äe lllll -ä Ei ! (-) L a- q) -rI .E F- I C-l '-€ \n a q) ;) q-) rrl Ftr rrl I C) s8\JA v)Ct c) (,) 30ä {.) to\ jeEEä ; äo\ ?ö0 i-.| r-l äixoEä', YE \JV p ; * v 4 ä E = ii HCJ::{.) - äE Ä f ,EE E s E E u äE trE Itr S ää 5 q! ca EÄ Ä äFE!T:E,E THE AGRICULTURALECONOMY TI43 - 3e"'/io-3f.^c{a?c?q\ tl i xle t-- F-$.f,Hcöc-lod\ööc.;'Aca d g F.i Fr r_.r Fr S lg | | Äl -i =" f" a $" \o^ o" c.1 $^ -i oo s5==r=N8ss c\l .t" -i cl \o" .f" o^ !Iq!?Pi\oq.+odö\o a = a oooOOO\;O\JO\6F 1!.-i?v1 sgNSSe!ggs a=t^,rI\o^$. .f,O\oovlq.qclcao\*o,l Enor$jep"i"i;;;-3,o:öoöööo\o\ Ft* oo^ o- of oo^ \o^ ca \ö o \o c_l 9ciFaas!cd.ric.ii o\=o\ooöööo\öö -*Fi 3o^?Q"€.qs"\v1 \ co (n ao-o\o\o\o8889c{OqSodJ -FiH*ts** =J^ oo- O" O^ o{ -1 $ t- oo O ,J snäs8s€5SS ? ,rI ,r? .-€ a \ c1 ,ri q F_ oo oo F I -!a RSFSSsSSss 5 L t \Ao{c'l\o^\q"a*oo -l sgrsR*Ns8r cl Ä- L F- \nooo CE ö=s;$sggDä\o*r---ioo^ao^aao" q)|.i g Lr q) ?9qo. F 833Rssä8sS1\q*ioo^o. A- F I GÄ F- Ao{\o^\-io{oo^\ooo\ - x g -a $ il s F s s .: ; : *) cl v? o" cl \o- fr 3 oo^ \f, oo c{ r-.Y D588F8Ss8s +a V) 9 =q c{ q. o^ \o^ q oo L a ca e.'' öl +a $TNF€F€=ED ä I -"cE ! G *q3Q- - P€TTNSEJEF q) E v -v G ^ q) :- !a tl -- -ör cü Dv t!:o€ 'itrEü !H äocs-o9) ^ o) 6=aoSEtr B.v.?äEt.=ii "xvx c\ {E=xc<.l* g gr; Eln, + E L d,E e? E E * f'; .. o - E E'-'t r''ä g F q q E E ä F .ä, g (.., tr Pä c.; mamtrdiE::jZ,öfaarX =.ä F t E = ü v b = ! E ö ^ v) TI44 THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY E \O \c) oo oo r- O q \ t/} X a X X a X+F"{+-i;cdcQc'ioc"r"4 F- ir- xo\ ta rllllllllll X - lo\ s r- \o^ 'o- o{ v) w] \o- +- o- 1 1 a n öaac'l EgF€gERSt')R r/) s oo.\a*i==R:*; wös=sx8RdsAs q. O- r/) c1 O-ädgd=qSd'ria ll.} \o- a. - - C'f q,rlvl\q.ca\_$^@-= ,ri \O r-) c! \O rn \a o.äg€=SK=RJ oo O' a-.1 öre c.lo\öölI--\a(oqO^-i öäFPSKK=KJJ-o,-iodr-:cd\o\a l/] \rl ca O^ ctl" n" \ a Ya seFFrsRä\oR""^ v] \O" c.I q o^ .{ o- c-l ä -"q _q :; tr- tr- s io.. o\ K8585äR=\OR o\s g\ F( öJ+ -o^ €. .r) q c'l +a \o- f-^ \ o^ a. ? iiggsf $ä$\oR H € c-.1 o\ Ft öJ( t- F ooo\*o#o\c'l\r)of-: I =EjF.iörcigc-i$ L ==ASKBF a öx P 1oo-äo-av1 ""-ac')1 F c'.1 7 Fi g=FggFsr-s :)(a .l a t- I =3ä3333\vl '-- ==a5s6Fä'-x 'll lr öäe c.] 9"-iqo-o^caaoqaS -F c-.1 c€ FjgS=5üx€r-K ra- F- I: uie cl oo t äääx$äää3$ - -. * Ö' O\ + F- c'l .- C..l L. t - öx qoo^äo^yl -A ai:.:*F -cg ä$5f $€äd'dR 5 - c€ L- -+) :=*3TS3F*3 $ -!| =9äKüb=s- K R I (t-l .l L äo cq S *r () x, I F- !l \nieE€58 ,!Y -- F.,äodLoE* EV X, g 3! E ä.o .. ,F g ü El .2 ca $9 g ^ rp = 6 ä E q) Ad 5€ ä* H E E * Efi2 'öä I Eö aä EP c.; E A m 'o H c E E 5 THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY TI45 t-- cA O\ - öi cO t*- \O cA - oo \n d-i-i-i.f-l .riddd \-l o tl I o^o^o-\o^o. O\ C-l \O O OOca\-ico\n tl I O^ oo- \O^ *i \O^ c? =J: cr} \O" \ O^ a C\ C'l Fr F< CA c.., O O \O Fi C.l C.l lll-tl \nc{ooo c-.1 - \O O Fl (a o\ o\ t- a F t o^ c{ c{ o^ o- v? oo^ v? (\.l C\l cq O Fr c\l ,_i Fr -.tr lllc-lll $ 6 o\ t-( -q) F- !a -- ??qqc{o-o{o{o-v1 aq. OOt-.iC.lOölC\l#ölF.i\n- tttl -h F- o- {r) A x I F I - ??-i?v?o^\oo^\o"t'c? o- OOcoOci$coOJ\nö F- l- I €q) -.-C! v q) \n ö.1 F F tr- c) D F-) i-) rtl F f r'l E .-l F .-E o q) 00 F - ';IrdE9:o)=tr (,)-I 6=qo_E$ t+ E -'o-c F ü L $ äE E cs,E s.i E € € ü E=q s.; rr l - il s l\ F E E g E ü ä F L c.; * 2 E'F H - e o ca tr üi ü 3 E i E,8 e e ä 5 q T146 THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY q c'I oo^ o^ oo^ "1 o^ c{ v1 c{ q o^.:*":*" q q:$" -'o^ n^ a 3 -l a c.i \rl _ \o \n \o t-- \o r- \o tt- c.l c.i .r; c.i i o. \n c.i cti ca \o t-- \o l-'Fi O $- -1 =q oo' \o^ q O^ "$^ O^ O^ \ t-- a 3 3 =" \n r-l + d 6i FJ Fi c.t c..;' \o \o tr- $ c\t + Fi ca o cq { n 9q(\'l ; tr Fi Fr Fr -r tt F Fr o'l ca ö '-'i ; c'i q -1 o^ q "oo^ c{ \o- c? q \ q yr q \ \o^ q q n^ 9 a } ? '-'r oo o c{ c c\ t*- o\ ,-.r oo ca - ao cl.i \o Öl c'i c'i' c'i d oo Ö *-tCqt-iFlFiFiFl-lt-tÖ'tFlti-- F,^ v? v1 eq q'ri "$^ O- O^ c? n^ c{ q q q \ q a a f" 3 a ! t-i ()C) \O $ C.l ---Öl R x8-isRfR:=S\or\sEFK öo! c€O L "\o^ oJ l I rlla I | I I 'I | | '| 't?f. l€"'ril -- \n ci oc{K=-:c o(g Yv (n \n E.v \o^ q ca o\ o ce \o \o $ o\ f- v "\ v1 \ \ c.) oo^ v1 $^ oi c.'i od od'ri \oca\os cri A J ri g ä + S *-ts S I f N il (.,) L d (A r-'r =q oo^ c?,rl crl,ri c? q c{ "v1 \n \n OO n" 3 ? } } :" ll\n ? \o t{ + c> oo c> \o r" r- c,,i t-- c-t o F- co oo oo t-t oo \ö -\o '.v? v? v1 $^ oo^ Fr _$^9a5-iao">-io^qv?o"n"q-i\o"f- O ca O öl ca O co -i rf, Fr \-i -i O i O f- c.l r.r $ oi *-FltrFi--rrC{F(ÖiC! FT "\ -i c{ oo^ v1 L=\= \ \q\a\a?1o^:$" ^9^e q' O\ \O o'l O oo cA oO t'- ca cri ri I ca t-'r Fi C.l + c.i .o c.) c\ ca cq s 5 S € p P t; F'9 Fa; Cn =E!Eu! A äU ä c\ c{ c{ c{ c* @ \n \n c\l c.l q \,ri c{ q oo- q } 3 n" a a 3 c.i c.i .d i oi $+ \n \n $ s f 8nililRF$sHFsfi66;; .. oo^a9\o^o^-q> o- oo- c{ \ q \o^ a c'l \a- O@FrcA öl 1-J ä t8:Rä:S OoOO\@ s s€ -'i - t-i - - Ft t-'l o\ ilc ttö : \-.1 - Fl - Ct) r-l \-,(o\ U>B 1- F- "-i o{ oq q öI ,-.r d aqoo^\c.iqaq?.aa?a3" '-'r .- l-i t-' \n - Cq F- + O' l** a.l \o oo c\ gfHpSFS63ä$SRü oo A q) $O\OO\ Fr cr) Öl -'r Öl cO L Fi an C\ ca O\ >-: Ct^t \o" q o? q c{ oo^ q \o^ oq ,- F( C.l t-- \ o{ n" a !} a } -''r -i O O c'l \f, Fr Öl c\ 6 -i d c.i i ö C> O ä o] c{ # c.l ÖI c.l *a cg rFt I q 0{ ={ v1'r} q .- qq o^ -.i \o cn Ft sf,- n^ q \ c{ tA 1"c1 n" ;- Ooo Fr\nCOS F.r Cai -r C{ Fi \O oo t-- ca oo (a O\ O\ -ölFiH o\ t-r ririf,nsR$*äH3$süä - r-.r Fi - Fi - O' C.] Cai -r - OO 9 -q) GI li ra +)- HF -) 9 a! L *P- e --öjjEFEi'$ o0 gE oo .v E .-/- Y EE s i f;g ää äc d e'5 5 t- t T x t< *, z * ä s'EF E q q ü E, SEsEE + n S \O O O\ C{ F- O\ .t -{ \O tr- - c.) O\ oO \O t\,l H rn (-- $ \n cA F- O\ \n F \O $ \n \.) F- \O,-i i cA o|\ r_rca o{ oo -t- c\ tr- q \O O \n c.l O\ O O c{ \n F S O \O co Fr O.l C-l # öl $ \O öl O oO $ r< $ \O f- $ $ Fr \-.i - r-i N C{F) * r-i Fr oo \ c? q oq v? c? q \o^ c? c? o^ v.i \o^ \o^ v1 oo^ c? oo^ c.i \O \n Fr OO $ oo \O \O O Fr - \n \n O O oo j - F.iCqN--- q .l q o^ oq v} ,q v? o^ oo^ -i c)" oo^ q oo^ -i oo \ _s" \ I\ I $ t-.r C'l f- öl Fr \n öl cA \O \n O O cA c.t |.n C.l- S OO t-.i F.r öl \O C{ tr- -f, @ cO t< O $ \O $ C.l OO c.l .f, CO O O $ C.l Fr - öi O t-r C! ca öi * CA C{ CO q. a o{ \o^ -i q o{ \o^ c.I \o^ o" o{ c{ ,q q v} o* \o^ oi -+ \ c.l a o\ @ \o o\ \o \ö \o o\ \ö o f- & \n o c.l =f, C-.1 öI t-r cO Fi Fr CO Cj ,-i \O \O öl cO \O c/} c?,rI a \ q a c'I c.i =q \ o^ \o" -i o" v1 \ o^ \o^ oo O\ O\ f- c{ O\ c.) $ c.t t-- oo ca = y] $ cj g g $ O.l $ O Fr ,-.i Ci O\ O\ Fr \O O t-i Fr \n cA Cj \O O O\ O ca O F- co oo O \n O O oo O O J O\ F- ö ll c\| ötNc\l ca o\ c{ \o. -i oo^ \ v} -i oo^ o- 1 c{ q \ q -i c1 q -i ol oo^ c{ ql c.l n O O\ I-- - f- \n OO $ oo cq - \n O \O \O O\ S \? $ ca cO \n C\ \n \O S $ ta) .f, ct1 rn cO C-l cO q \o^ a q \o^ $^ q \ q o^ \ q -i c.l \o^ o- vl oo^ co \e t \O tr- $ S co q.' \O \n oo O\ \n co !n O $ $ oO c.) C\ cA F- O\ rn O F- t- oo O\ J co---- J ö -< oO oo - O\ \n ca \O ca \ö F \O cO oO O\ O tr- C\l t.) c.) OO co \O - öi \a \ O $ O\ O\ cq oo oo C- O rn c\i c.) \O O\ \9 \9 S \ö cO OO cO \ö O\ \n $ \n co \o \n oo ca \n oO O C\ - cA öl ca O\ O F< oo r-.i \O f- t'- O\ \O $ oo \OFlFi-HFt$ !e - O\ \n öl \O oO \O ö1 $ (n C\l F- O O\ cO O\ f- cO $ F< C.l -r c.) O\ \n - - \O O oO $ \O O \O C'l q cö o)\ \O @ f- $ \n O\ \ö O oo * S * Fr oo O\ (n l- t\ Fr S f- $ F- f- N \O O C-l \O \O O \n \O cO F- \n (n - oo D. C'.1 O\ @ cO \O O Fi oO * tt- \O \ö O \n o F oo \n c'^) o c.) f= \n ca ca ci oo * ca oo @ -r<*Frr-tc{ 'trdK- !;i ' €!s :üE .€gä $;" € .F äis* =€iän*'E=iE :ä -E€#e+.s,EEi=iC:::r * CE5äesEä;äEsisstf örE!FsgEEsspagE N t rrtttttttttt,Stttttlttttttttltl TI48 THE AGRICULTURAL E,CONOMY \o- =q to- \o^ q O- oq O- a a a \ a f^ * cn $ oo $ - cq c{ \n ca $ s c.i $ c'i \n tr- \o o oo c'l o\ t $ -i -i -i c? oo" c{ o^ q -i {^ \n q tr} -i oq q oo^ a a a ?'ri \ a - .j c.i Ir; öl @ c.i c.i c..i f- cd cd rri \o $ r) o'li o\ \o o cri R \n o\ \o \-r o^ -i \o^ oo- -i q c? oo^ \ a ? I (.) \ a a _q a a 9 c{"i oo' \O \O c{.i c'i d + f- .f, Ft <' C- c- f- \n ca O cl.) \O O\ a $ Cl ca -FiC.i C!=N=N:FrFi\n*cO- L L,^ - \o Öi o\ \o -i v1 q o{,ri o^ -i o{ o^ oo^ o- c-) t-- oo Öl ()() n a a i c..i d c.l \o,-, s c.i \o g F- ri : = ca * t-'r = C S S s€ O\ F $ S F R rEE c? acn.q | \o. | \o- I !lv?\a I a od oo oo öÖ]l$\n- ooeQcdOqOH c.i ö'J.ic\ cq R9 c-) ca yv -i \o^ \o^ q o^ o^ \,/i o^ \ a c.) E ,-..r-r=f 1- a a _q (+- o\ d oi,ri+ocarr;c.'it-r\ncd==\o=tF 3R q) L (t oo- -i q al -i O- o{ q n" o^ $. \ a 9 \ - \-i c'l co t'- öl \O - oo Fr $ \O a d tri C-l !-'r Fi \O J ca O Öl c\l C'l to" o^ o^ q c? \ oo^ q q \o^'ri q o. \ 3" a ? t'- \o* I S$KK33$9NN:Sr-\3F'-!I q F- = $^ cl o{ q o{ oq q oo^'ri A9^V \o \ \ a 9 3 g-3'j;=J r,-r,-.a9:\$KKNNRN!sKKKNF3 n5 N 6<,i ölc.)Nc.lo F6!E,=E 6 äU ä e^ q \1c?qqqqclqo-$.3 i= E l'* ::,i äfr s ! = $sY$$g+;Ys+sfrsss6+5? -c o-.= S a ce X ^v \o^ q c'} \o" .r^ c{ =q,q q o{ oo^ c^ n" \-_N \,r} \c.l \ T" ?.c{ -q?3 4-r gFSssS$KKF:$f s > lsrr 5 : s =K8il58K :s lr tr '- J-N;*Fr-r-.t-iFr--r-r-'l**l -t-ta q'q v? oo.=q c.] q vf * Öl { \ \o^o{ ol oo^ $^ @ \ \ \ a -ql]l) a oo o\ oo o\ Fi tr- o o t-- t-< öt <' $ cr c.i vi 99 a oo oo tr; e^'l il$EEü5N*t$sFnRas$eKn Fr- F - :\'/ * - C.l Öl - N * C-.1 oo^ \o^ =q c{ v1 q -i q o^c? \o. öl o^ e. $^ t" \ \ \ a 3: a\o--'r ca Öl -'r Fr \o c.l O F- s öl co \n $ Fr -i J c.i ,ri \o td td cd c'i aE=:äi*lä.. $= il *"le q c?a3icl?alO.aa13aoo-aair$ s 33xi tx oOO\-@F-\Otr-V)q\#r*__$sEa€s*Rs5HB;E$äR3äF ga5 € oo () E € ü c.) Ei ä E s ää= c\ e E fi€HFB*ä eääfi Hsit ät:Eä=f*äH+ \n ! :5;ä5trä;!äEäsEäEsEäsiü5E ! Ä I ca S tlrtlttttttttllllllll | THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY TI49 Fr \O t-- $ \n O\ Fr q.qqn"c?\o"ölc?v?e.i o- n" \\o^-i \ n'qc{q Fi |-. oO $ öi O\ cq \O t-' ö-- tr; O o\ $ s tr- rö i öl ccr ö1 c'1 ,-'r \o r- F- t-r -i v1 'rI q o{q-i \o^ q -i cl q -i \o^ -i o^ c{ o{ o^,rI $^ o^ n^ o- o{ q \ q oo" t-. @ooooo\no\ r-i \O \n F cO C.l $ f- O \O $ O O\ t*- l- \r1 ca ca cO $O\o F.{ C.l Cl^) F.r Ol '-r F -- -i -i oo- ct \o- ,rI \o^ q. -i O\\n$ \o. \o^ a $^ v1 q \o^ q v? a a o" o{ o^ q q \ ? \n t-r \nocaoocao\ d ,ri ct oo t'- \o Fr $ oo Fr oo \o t f- \n @ \o In o c.l oo \o - r-.r Fl t t-i Fi Fi C.l Fi CO r< r-i C.l q q o{ oo^ \o" c{ c"i q 1 oo^ o{ \ ol,ri q \o^ \ v? a v} ol c{ o{ o^ o^ n" €. o. $- n" - -f, Fi \O \f, @ co c\ \i s oo c.l rar O\ÖO Ö O $ .i oo oo O c.l co öl $ O\ c'l S Fi r-r CO ==CnC{Fi;FrF(*C.l +C.l$e{-iFi =q o{ttttl c1 cl \ \o^ \o" \ \o^ q q c.i cl \o- c{ \ oo" \ cl c{ o^ o. $^ n" O\ O\ ca r-i cj S Fr ca @ \O I-r O O\ $ a \O c'l $ \n $ \n co ---\-.iFrOlFi- -i v1 A /t\ q v? q c{ \ c"} \ q c{ o{ q oo^ Q- 9^ ? 1 _q q c* \o J oo <> ca r- o \n \o o o a \o \n c.) r< r-.1 - t-- \o $ o\ r- (n c-l ; - + : cq Ft (\l cO $ ca \-r $ ca \.) C.l c\ c\l \n @ \O c.) \O C\| @ \ö @ f- $ oO \n \O O\ O\ ca \Ö F ca s oo\OOFi$ ..i ö ö Fi .d + c{ -i c.i -l \d ri c.i c.i c.i -i c.i $cat-f,öl "i ".i ".i "i * * # ,q ,/i oo c.) t-- o\ \.) tt- v? \o- *i -i \ O" \o^ c{ \o^ c? q c{ $- cl O- q oo- q \ o\ @ o o - o o o\ o\ c.l o\ o \o s r- ca \n F Öl \n \Ö ,ri -i c.i O -l d F-Fi-C.lÖl- co t-- rt + U \ö c.) co -i --i $"d.t€"e"d'l*-\ s-o:q€"d)..1 --1o-s"o"?"o\t- I 3 :\aqa- ?19 N $ä:sxss RSä\$esss\e3s $ T $3sH s 3ss cl $^\\qc{oo^ o"v1 \.1o r-,r--.\a\o\o,-,s. 1q.\o"-io^oo^q-iqq-io{1 a ? ?=^ o\f-cao!oo=o\__--r-ic.lc{F.iölc.lsgSgSNsilgFsgF = = INa€ -i e. c'i c{ v? oo- \o^ \o- c{ -i oo^ \o^ q c{ v? a o^ \ o{ q oq q \ \ a ?q' ^'o" \n ö cd oo d d J d +' o cd r; c.i c.i ö oo \r; ö o\ o \o \a s o\'l-'r t \n \o tt'r F- - c.l c.l ö ; \n c- ln d F + r- + N o\ € Fi r-i o\ c\ o\ \o c.t f-- o\ \n oo c.i 6 öo \o + oo N + V o\ d o\ : O oo FiCAC\C.lFtFrÖlCaCAoolFicr)# co O" c{ c"i O" \o^ -i c{ O^ ,r} oo^ c? q \o^ c{ c? $^ q 1 q \o^ --t a -r crj öl J öl J <. ca C{ -d. Fi co ca Fr cq -f, $ \O \n $ \n co c.j qc{n" oo" \o^ c{ -i\o"q-i a \n öFo$cac{osca- öl \o 5 = =3N= 5 R5s $NcA\O\n--Fr .8" 5 g Ep:: ! E-Es! r€:H ! -: E fl ä siaEEs;slsrE,ätre;s;9iä Egäiär ägi E" rrrrrrr rtttttttttttlÄ l* llll'6 lll T/50 THE AGRICULTURALECoNoMY ^ s c? c? q \o"v]rq(.]=t-c] c?\v?\ .t \n \n O\ + O\ - ca O\ O\ C{ O \ö OO - t) oo" =q \.o" o" oo" q o" ro" v1 o" og c.l \ a - O\ $ + @ coO\\Oca\OF$\O-$O ; .a a fr C) L O^\ cA 1< O\ f- O\ C-l O\ s OO O\ C.l O\ \O C) O$ c.i .ri -l ci d + FJ .ri c.i -i od ,r; c.i - - 1-l {) k Fr F< öl '-r '-r F. d -< C:l C\ Ca a e 'a !^ F (.)(J oo- vl n oo^ 1ol\o-c{-i,qqc?oo-cl \ t-i Ca ca - \o o o ca c{ -r \o oo o\ c-' o\ 65 c€O *ca CO C{ CO ,-r - 'i rf, ö.1 C.} CQ -r ö.1 HF L o orE od 8X rttttttrrrl L. t-t rl C) v :v *,i -v dA bg E o^ c? v? v1 o.\o^\qaqs"\\\o-v1 Ob O sf $ O\ *f\C{-C\cA\n$OC-lCj ,9X:€ N ! q.) äE (t) q \n c! c? c- oo oo öoo -F \./. E o -gö ol \o^ a q o^cr} o-oq*^\o{c1 \o^1\o" LE a oo o\ I s : =NNRR=cas-.,R=., 9^ äo v ^v vd q=\= A A9^9 \ o- oq q \o"\o^oo^oqclq\c{-ic.}a U 9r99:=a {^ \O sf t-- O SOOO\oOC{O\oOoO-i\OO\ v.qx C\ $ \f, cA C-.1 N C.I C.l -f, C.l C! öl cO c.i F< €ööo (nEEi AEF aA9J äü ä ->'c) 'YA -:" oo" ,q q=qqoo"o^c{\o-1qqv1 A \ '-LA * co ca $ \o\or-i[--@t\caoortr-- \n \n |'ö \O \n\n\n$$\n(ö\n\O\n\O H\4 ().^Y.* ot€9 '\r- öl \o- \o^ qqo^clo"o^o^\c1 \o^q U9 .1 /t 9o,* jlnztt= : tn oo cq\nF-$F-t.-\noo\OC.löl -:- * \,/ -c o>B = ss:3s=ss'o=- ;B 'a=D!$4 UA COn-() o- \ \ ol oo^\o^1\o"c?\o^o^\1=qo^ X!9 n \9 \n c.l @F-g-öI$F*f-.\Oc\O ,--9 $ O O\ $ O\öl\O-O\t'-caöicj\öc.) €x C.l tr- f- \n $OOÖ*c.)-rOO\n\ O\ö C-lC.iFrO\--F{Fr- ä90t 5 6_) 3ä dF ywvy E ät rsls ö3 = ii .Eb E; =.rlo s e -=.lL (') '-ru-- *"la 0. s^ ^ q: $.=il +wF 9-.r =trEA ä b - ^o .lu: '= LdP-,(!(J -i -i .'-- . än = O- \o" v? \O^ \O^ O" vl O- c? oo^ q \o- q f \O 5:+< 5 E c..| ca \n \OF-$$ct\oO\nO\F-\i.-i n-dqt x oO oO O F- '-iOC{cOcQ-iölcA.iWö.1 o. t \n $ $ $t--@-ioo\Oo,O-rol"<$ Yo< c EoY *- - i äÄE E +'*^= !"'. cJ q- =") 8"e'= 9 .F !: Oa X .l .E..9.8FöF" 8Ru: o; E ! ä i .- (, I :+= tr () !? .-€ ":=O:UO r3-YF\J E " c! Ori . o) .^eÄ-rk 13=ET iäb€.* 94 E'* e 5e E 5 3,.;q;._2=t \ 9E S +Ff PF= -E E*gEÄ:: > - o " "- Ä = t\ f 5a,-=d'.6 7 E**ä q $.= \ srF S=;EefäEä-EE= Ä-- a a a \ö ^E^E s Fe t e{J=;sE S5 $ E Et,fiÄ,2a>z>az Ü ÄAin'=o S ä F= $ LVrV4- Sm A^^ ca t & ; tt ä ä S ttttttttttl ä 1,!i?. 1-?- z THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY TI5I (\l qo{cq c*Ii t.l \c{\o^ v1 o-v} qo"\o" ol\o-\ qoqq a-s^ ato^o^ tv. Rs' eSo bs= +$e ' gF ca *iel r.) - DS? Efi? I | f;rl -; -J v1 v1-i o^o{$^ qqq qql o- oq \o" - l'.)C.) O-OO t-*HC"l @@ € r) |.n F- rn \r) tr- oO tr- t-- t-- N -t--o c.icon lr)F-O\ \O\nF- -iN rttfi- rt\n* \O\O I -*f,* oosöl Jtfri -.i\O OO(--- Otr- *l-l $ - tf) F{C-'l I I | \n c-.,1 q) ca I .- \o^ ,ri \o- \o^ c1 cl c{ o^ oo^ -i -i =q L \ t" vI c.l t- e? $- q c{ 11 1c.} \ OOtn\O F-\n\O O.f,O O\cn\O OOOO öcOn -*O öl-f,ta) -@ \o\o r-F *\n 610T r-ro- o\o- oo\o* @t-- ä0 I gto I | | - t-- S | | $ I -I v\n a-- ca v !t u -iv?\ - \o^o-a q\v1 o^1c{ qqq \-i-i '{c1 I 1\q C.l O C.l * O\ N oF-O.l !ntr-öt o-f,€ t:-oQÖl $\noo Frrn X F-r-- ölt/^)J O\o caF- O\O $t-- r)ca q) | :.o I 11a) - \n OOO [nn a cn -l 63 q) o^\1 oo^,rlc{ oq-iq qq^q caFo\ o^crls^ o^\q oo^n"oq c{1 #-O\ tC.l\O C.ttnO -i@O\ N\OO cOO\0O c.l# L Or*Or olvid -f,- \Of- cJ\O- t--\O , OrO- OO\O r q) F-t-- t-oo O\\O- | | - I I 1 $ - r $ f-F- (,) s\n co I q- \q=q \oo-a n"0o-c1 v1-qq c\\-i \$^q qn"\o" ö{1$^ f-oo\O \O€\O NF--i ca Cn C! lf) cQ - On* t--$o *\o- coÖl - t-*tr- f-Oo öit-* Ot--* O\tr-- OF-- OF-- \,O- | if- | | -tl ; '., too. | I )- $v I cn q) v?qc" -iq s o{e1 s- qq\ q\o-c1 q\n" qq,/i \\o^o" o"c{\o- T oocnca F-\o\o Ölr.)o\ NÖl- oo\.)rn $cn-i \o\r)\.r toq\ o$ca -OO CQQO O\O oooo \ooo Nf- |r o | =oo | I | =€ | il* - Va t-- t-- q) $$ I a.) o!l fr A =q v} cn \O öl 6.\ OO I-- O \O - 1ol c{ o^ 1c? v? v1 o" c{ v1 m^ \o- c{ vi o. O\ t-- OO 0O I-* @ O\ N \O $cer* o\$o\ cQ-oo -i=J:o. d-iFi -id E \Oot ^-l -oc r 6c€ r -[\ v t--oo \oo ooo | | ' c) | l I I T- <- $o\ V $$ ca li A F OOO' C-lOO\ cAtO \nF-* l--Ot \n\oN -1 -o ca\o$ o\t-- F I od ,r; öi rl .ri c.i -i od \o \i + -i d c.i d \dod$ od c"i -i c.i od + od c.i ooo\ Fot' ^-l -o\ Ooo I -o\ r -oo r .ot *J I =6 | | lr) I Vl ' cnY sn - co o - c\ 0o^ c1 oo" .-J'o.q o.qq c{ v? o* v?-iv} o"\oo^ .{1 I \ \ n.o.o. -l S t-- oO cA F* oO (tl (l E ol !ts ,-r x Ä- 0) F I !a (n- 0) Q Fl I h ()I +) - q.) .-- q)I :- a F t- I 6 q)ti *a --3 q.) a .-I v B B €g B? B 6 BF E BC >, O ; >. >' l. fr 3" 2r:;' 3z = Q= Q4 Ql a3 b A3 b =S .!l == == ä / :. Z ==: = ==:' =? =? =7= == - 9 o )- E Fl C) $[E$[ä sL=$[= ,+ät .är *ö-- ä *[e +Le d) a'E L( -v A- t;ä üa; üaä$;3 tag äAi üai Ba;c. q)= (h r a I crP t o.,c e- (,c I q,PE o,c o o,tr (n '- gpF oo€ gpg gpE ?lJF O- ö !rr!r!v.rv*!v*vrw-v:v-9tr-C1 ! 10! ?pE = 9p! = I äo tLel () 'E (.) *;--r e L e C., o d c! C) ö Q ö boö E _ 9;: rh U b b P b E b b ö ö ö E F{V v K'-E -^ äi= =,-!trYd9W €EaslEss iEBs:EasäEEs äEEs:Ees:Ees ,ii S s.5 \o g e-Y *Et:'-g=io Este e=:s e E;; :,.OZx*, see i sssEEe: E5:; EF vts!Yv - töz*,t, =zz= =Z!! i Fz;i Ezn+, Ezxy,7z*,i i-a cr; ö.66 ba66 8.66 baa6 öaa6 üaa6 EaGo >G'66 fr'aa 3 'CC T/52 THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY öl FI $- O" v1 t-- \O oO rn - rO ci \f, tr- v?clo" qqo^ ,riqo" nc? $ cn$ca dqt""i iodöi J=r,ri $tn\o €O\t-- .f,tr)\O OOO\t-- O.O tY. c.t oOO* OOO+ -O\ -!n *OC..l rOO- *OC.l oO- E p \O- \o- ran - OO- ln- OO- O\O C-l O.l $ C.i tt c{\\ öf|{O- q\O- nv?1 \o^oo-\o^ c{o-- \o-oo"\o- o{O^1 -i-i co \=t-- caQoo N|n- O*\o - tOöl ca\O \o" c1 0o- v1 oo^ n" a 1c.l \n \n cq €O'\O €coO €O'@ €c.rO \OO c.l ca O\ |.n - OO t.) O\ O\ C.i o.odi n{ c-i -t i .d ro od.d.f, od..i -i ri € ^ *O\- -Or- €t--öl -t o\ ca c{O- $- c.lo- qo^q q1\o^ =q\o"\o- O^\o-oo^ q\o-o- ne- q\o-O- ae- v1 ct o\ ^ =5s :gT gFT $83 gFT $8e ^ ä=T\O*r EsT\O*' *+ | ln* | .n- | RS += | += | Nb c.l N $ca q) c{\c.l q\@- oo"oloo- oo^qq N-m I qoo^o{ $ooc.t I \-n .- !aenöl *H- $OoO c,lOor\ OO<. \OC-lt-- .d c.i r- o c.i @ ON OÖJ O\d\ Jf--, =ö \öö' * C-) | \o ca \o cn [.\H [-\- | \O* aÄ * OOt-- ? O\r c{ aj s ca I \o^\a -iv?- -iqvl qo{q v1 \o^1 o-.*\ v?\o"1 o^c{\ c{v? tOO -O\oo QO€* cA OO F- cn l.) OO öl ca \O cO [n OO öi cA \O \n - 00 (nC{C.l O\ t-- tn** O\O\* rt-* rnc{ö.1 rc.l$ v)o.löl -e.i$ *€ \O* \O* \n - \O - lr^) * \O -.i - I I t-- t'- - o'l c.t cr) I s q) o"cl\o" ?r 19^u1 cloqq qc\o- qo"o^ c1 o"v} q.o^q c"i o^ v? \ r: .-- oo -F\ a g=3 O\SF* (n !g= R5s !ER 3ä,- SS= 3r.- oOoo-i öicO InFr [n- -- \O \O *rc q) $ , $ | I * sca o- !r A .o-!lo^ I o--.\ \\o- vloo-c1 q\o-v? u1 qv? q.o"v? v?\v1 o"o- -AM\AA, tr- \'/ v w v vr OO l.) CA rn + Ca - t- * OO rn - \o t- - OO [n - \O C.l C.l - oo v lr) r-€ -F- So\ ' I Soo I \Oo , \cic) i rOo i 6O i +-i q) v V | ca ' t i-, I | I 6l- 6- c-,O ,l( l.ö C'/ tr F F v?o-\o- q$-q oo-1e1 v?c] \o^ oo-\o- oq\o" \o^n I \o{v? \ctv} o9ptn \oooo\ Nca\n F-oca F-oca c.loo oo s9p\o $ooo $€o +a v r)o r-oo- -ooö{ oOO cJo- oOO .-.lO- c.loo Yq\ ' | - (]P L E g_boEää$ äÄi jr?4 ääääää äÄiää.Eae S - Hrl rh ääciüt E äcä S€E f€€ t F€ Z Uo fft öq.,!boö v u.=€" ü=ösF.=ös gs: 9dObO €EEs:EEs =eös tEös:Eöt:Eös =jj!c F- u=! - *Eeelazi,ü eEt= s =see:se ilazJte, E;s i EssE Ess E =;e EEu vF\vv Ezü,t, Ezüt Eze,e. 3z&,ti,Ez&,e, Eze,e, 3;.a ( FZE c.; öaa6 ba66 Ea66 ba66 ü.66 öa66 >e66 >e66 flaa 3 ECC THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY TI53 (\l qq-i o*cl\ 1q'rl \o" 1 t-{ \qq \at'i 1qa 3"?y^ 3't)to- \n F- sdd -;sd sFT 3Fl \O* -4 ilFi TF? ä;T ä;T so\ p - lr) rd qq\ olo^q qq\ qq v1 c.| ol c1 \o^ n" c.i Ö{ oo^ 1cr} t" c.{o^q HcQN t'r*C.l \Oc\lÖl rncaF- \no* oQ@* lr)F* $f- -\O \f, cnoo 38t | I I | | 8- I ä*; $5ra, -i c{o^n c") oo- \O- q v? q O^ oo- q \o^ v1 q. O" oo- q \ oo-o^q \n"a tfr \n \O OO t -i c.) C.) O\ \n oq=q$- c1 \o^O- dlv?c1 qq\ qm-$^ s^q\ c1 oo-q 9\\o" \qO^ c!sv C- c.tJO - oocr\O oolnO \Otr-t-- +so c'..lss svO lai cO OO O\ oO .noö o.oo frOO $t-- -(t\ I I | !5 v v :q) q) - s^ ,a L c{ c{oo-q c! €^1q 1q-i \\n 1c1 1"'}!} "{-^E a3 O-$ t--C\\O I--r)a'l a0 \noo $r -r -!t | | I ssY ssY a i*? rH i*? \n v1 I qql qa€. .{,qoo" \o^ n" vl c.] q q o- \o- 1 qqol o^io^-l ? o rn \o t-- \n r.) t-* t-- \n \o\ooo- coo\\o l.nQ\- - \n€ $€ *f \o 6€ nsY I | I | | ;o\ | äa; HB :f,* !l - J v-) I c) q qc'iq qvlc.l c1\v? \oo"c! c1 \v? s.a I O-oo^oo- \e1 \oo^c{ E -Cöl r.-OC.l l-*(^{ca .- -oo -sY p,sT pü röo.t $6 | I rrr.\- +80 aEi o FE- q) I ;- .!l L \nNÖl c.)cQ A cr} q,rlc? c1 o" \o" -i O- -i v1 c{ cl -O- x t"c? \v? "? C)c-)cj \oc{.n F-tns F-t--- cr1oO+ caQöi - rno. $O -€ i-- cOO\ , 9C I iär ggr IJ t | I ' \o- | äg q) | 9- 5 fa1 lr v}q c{ O^ O^ c.i v1 \o^ c! F \o^,rlo^ q\o- c{o^o^ cl \ A \\\ \vlq - O\ \ö O\ \O \n oO t-- O\ t-- -D9 g8- --T S,8- seT 3: +) SO\ | $a | $ST' \o- I rO- oOO' - I | -- \n A q) '...lqa €.4 F-oOc.) OO\O -cOOr q-ic? qqq qlq -9 E -B'; päo ä8' c! $sd Rgd ;g"i* - HK- üä : s q) $- --t FT \o" v? qv]1 o^o1 q qc\o^ oo^q\o" n" \o- v? oo" q \o" s^ a \ \v?-i *ET 1gjoo$ ootr-r.i \Q99S Qt-- (t) €8: $es =gT K5! --l (n l-l 3- 55 s-i -f, L -öo v I- GI .-I ta i a C) a F I !t - O (nÄ I I c) r'1 € o .-rrf IF q) F a F- ö tr q) +) 6--P o a .-I 6 E Ec Ei A? e I EF e e= I ^]E ,^ o .-€ s=E= 3: 3=ä=ä34ä sägsägEä f,.(.) I- - 6.) rF ä $Le Hö 4iä 4i= $s=4is $i€ $i€ $i 0a tr ar 7A I 0l= (t) a (n O !r- ei ägäsc d äe? ägä ä$ä ägä ägä ägä äg;;ss* = e-B j LX< L g,€€ € v E€ e rh U bQ E *'€ E f;'€E $,€ $€ '-! rVdVw ^^ \J E!YLF E9= (! iEös rEösl=5s rE3s!EEs:E.Bs $cöö F=äö ,- B= i'E-- +'=--.='E-- €'=-- ==-- -=-- ö E== ü,Ers El !c! @ Epg .. rr'- - v-.:v - pEaa i FAJ; TEEEEEPE EteJZEEE ä;t X ^^^ EtJs sEEEEtti q --i ca E.a6 ba66 &a66 baeo öaaa öaaa ia36 ia36 f;ae T/54 THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY N t.{ 1av? qo^c? qo{q o\.)o ooooöl o*ro \n*@ *\o\o c,lo\ $ O\caO oOcAO coOcO \i i c"i ,ri ,ri \o O,ric.i +o.rJ .di-l ln-l t C] | | 3o. I t+ \O öl cA \n rn \n F- € t-- ö.1 ca \o ,- F- K- ca \O O\ ln -l \o c.t o\ ?lto" :qa \o-€-@- v?ol \q qc"Io" q-io^ aq ca + c.i c.i ca ci c-..1 I ca o co ao o oo $ - c.) o ca \o o, oo c.i \o c.; -CQN -coöl OrOr* - cO $,r)l C.lF.-; s\n-t' -l> C-l N + | ce \n I p'-ün Fi l"r) (\] a?"!f o^o^1 \c1 vT cl cr11 c1 €^ \o-\ =qo{v1 -iori q 1q €\il €\il F8S $fl^ T? Y? €€s +fl- äs | - | * | | | | N tn Oöl öl \n o_^oo-- qqq qqq o{{: 3"3? "I_qo^ \o"c1 n.t"- Q- q:!9oo rn\Ooo 9\n$ O\drc ör.-\O $,r;'J' Or.-\ci $./i- lr)c.) corn* .ntr'1 tt-- gOcl öräcl ö+- öräor ö\O COIC.)|-||:| I "iln i a -t c{ tn c) q) 9\e. oo^c1\o^ ol c11q qqq. -CN 3as. g€t "fo^9^ 1q aqq -v? A oo sR? - - A caä€: co - | +€Y| 8SR \n' SRN 3€R SRX SS v ; | N | I c.i--t' 6''t' ioc.i c{ rn I .?oo^o^ v?1a c*\o^v? v]11 c{\o-v? ^ a?n "1(--Oln ?q ?^v?oo- jr-* oo 99Q\rl O\O\- c.i r-.-N cd \Ocd',r; oo .lF.* rOc.in oa f- l-- caF- +io-t +oi doo^ O\$ $- S* +oi -T R*- $öi I öts q) I v?aa o-oj^- =r"\\ ri\v1 I ?_q! a1o^ q\\ vl\v1 €^cl o- oo - -jod',r;' -jocin oo SSo 3f s..;o o\\o a dSo +gT 3po q) ca ö' - , N I b- | R- | ü* | il$ I c..t s a- L A -l o^"\o- v?oo^a a-Q€" ct\\o^ \o"c{\ {q.oq \o^cl\ $"qm^ q\ '15 t-- !-9$ \o\o-t -nF- ooö ,r;\or.- ölc.jc.i rrj\otr.- Ncdc.t o\oo € tr) tr-t--öl r--r--öl öi[--r +Fc.n fiFN ooo\: öFN -t' oooi J 6ö q) c., ci * \o- & 1 | | | N- | t N' \o- | \b6 Lt N$ 6t A -ooo\ F oooo can\o oooo\ \ocao\ r-o\t \ocao\ F-o\* I I a- tJ ar -a - X F- q..) -!a o F- c.) ! I :)() oi () ;l q) C j F x tr C q) +) .C-tr / (J I - .!l E 6 F Fg F ä Fsxa E; F:-x: gO 9, 9.= Ft EE E - .IoP }a -^q.U .- QE 6 QE QE b Q,s; QE C) I ==: =- =-F -o a a. Y.e I z zr, =-i =e =.e - C) fFl g gg= EäE üFä üP d üqE ülEo'ö ,äq O stä q L. L Tc- Ta--ö To'€ *a' RA tr $tr U +18 3ä a5 e h Kö€ *ö *ö8. *Eb X5E *5i -v I =s'E ü;i üa?c. -A a ct) J'= ?sE ?sg a E $E3 c)* L äg: säT t-4 ö äCgäCg $EEEE..; rh bO'E !Y - < r\ -a \J .=; v E=gö ä=ösä=su 9 -öoo €EEs:EäÜ i=ös I=gs:=gs Es= =t:!c o\ g eaX - iS.qeEE;; E€;; EE;; : -;; : -;; EE;; E-;; ä= v-tYv ä=:= Zzy.t E="o EzJ,; izJ.t izi.J, =ZJ,J, =zJ,!, n;< i Fz5 ca; üaaa baao &a66 baec üaao üa66 5a66 5a66 fiaa 3 ECC THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY TI55 N 01 -iqt/i \o^$^q qqq \o^\\ ul oo^c: t-{ r_-eQ.f,qq ^*T \qö* !lc\ aT-1 -*. O\\O I pro 3F- FD- $3T nFT JEI Räl :5 --t ö.lNöl'- qo{o{ ,rI \o^ c.I q \o- ,rI oo^ oO@oO $\O_, @O\ \\o^\o^ 1\\ \ n" -- I oo-q\o" c1 o-qc{ rnrn\O O#\O \OC.l-1 O$ qq-i q\o^1 \c1 i; * (\.l -r * caO\ca r.-++ cl.\ca$ Soo\O \C)Fr $ l- t'- O\ C-l öl\OO Fr(t- cA OO O\ OO tr) F- \OO\ OOt* *öl; \Oc.)* tr-cQ-r | cQ* U C' OO :t F\- c{J oo-r Cj- ra c{ - NNÖi I q) q\o^cr} =L\- \o^ o^ \o- \o" q O\\OcO $*\O tarOO.! OO\ I o",qq \ I $\OO $\OO F--S t= \O $ \O tar c'i .- C.)O\ rnO- Sd: esx NeK Se (n S- | F- | 8* | $ \o* C.l- F\: C]* CO\n q) öl c\l N c-t .-I L v? c{ c'} c{ O" ar.- vl rc^v1 qqq o"cl 1 \o- oo^ 1 v1 ct cl o{ o- - 1 ?:q s\oN n\oc..l Qlr)\O -Frl.-1 E | | I üEl s8! üsl q) €- G- 3oo *l \n*tf1! s8! =E E c..l c..l c.l L GI a \OOV \OOca .ooo\O \o^ \o" $- v} qoo" F \ 1 1\0-01 n"v?1 1\o"ol - c.i oi c.i c.i oi c.i ,ri d oo F-\Oca t--*O C:lOO- OOOO- rnO\ | OO, r \OOOccr $$R E;g $sR 8$ € ; s - cq* cq \Ol\nl- tr<'l I | | c.l ö.1 c..l ca Eq) q\o^crl oqqv? o^v?cri o^v1 c1 \o-a E 1\c{ 1qq \\o-\ \ro-\ -aU O c.l ta) caNl.) $O\O\ ölOÖ.1 \O\O$ OOO 39! S9l 89! 8S CE I *F COoo oo* S= | X- | 3= r ü=* l* \O* q) öi c\ öl I --I c€ qn"1 qqq qq\ v1 o^r^ \o",q 1oo^\ \o-v? 1oo"\ ?c{ r-- oO c{ c-l 96 1.,t oO O\ @ c'.i c.) O oO öl rc (öO O\O a.lOc'l fl8K rcO r $O r ,I fl8K K8K -- cctottF a oo-;oo-tc-r- co- rn- J=-l' v)- a I | | N c.l öl C-l tr ö0 -a v F I c€ F I .l € i x {.) I F x -a ) C) cn I E /I 9 €() (, .-c! 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A [= ä I A,a tr i o .!l .4.. a2 a3"3gesaä aäegäeaä I- -s=e: i 0.) -) C) v ä $[E $ää$[= $[= $[E $LE$rg $r E 2ö AE li g l-a 6€ (a a ct) ()+ rL91 I'l *gläEÄ äÄääFä äEi äFi ;i o,-\ äägä äFEä!'-E rh 3 ^^ v -dvw s=äu ji!tr E=au geesgeö* = Es; cq s= E=äu i=su u=ä-ueä- .- ;E;;; =;; - =;; E;; E;;E€;; |f] !cl o| E t- ;; i EE;;==E ;rEE EEEEEEEE Ezü,,t, gze,ü, äzüt,t Ezü,ü, öz&&, ^rz i FZJI cr; öa6o baa6 Äaeo baoo.Saao öa6o iaao ia66 fiaa 3 ace T156 THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY N v?cl r- 9:'J?u1 \ 1qc\ clo-v) 1e1 c.i c.l@"o- -c1 c1 qoqo" \- t 8el RsT üst 3F? jsT $u; jsT $u; aä >) \n_ l--l -t c\ cnC!oO \nAOO\ OCi- o{ c"} c1 0o^ .o^ $^ c{ n - ca@öl N\o* o\o O t- c.i -i .ri o.i vi + + O\\O\t tn$O C{OOta} ,ri $ O c.i od,ri od \d @\O r t-t- r Cr)\O ; cAF- r $f- $oO :f,t-- \+€ OOO =f,lcöl It- - t-- *\O \n_ a.l ?a€- $^qq \o-ol qm^\ q\c1 rc ca \O O\ t-- cA OO cA \O \O l/r) \Oq,$ öl 0oc\ \Ot--\O OO\ca O\++ itc.i oi+-j ql+c.i r-od F-€ I t-f- r corO; +F ,' ö|l OO€ c.)a- r 0OOO \OO $rNr.otjt,Jl \o | \o oooo $c{ C{ \o^ o^ oo" \o^ q ,.1 c1 \n ot\ * tt* t-- cn C-,1 r c1 1 \ S \\$^ cl 1 O\C.lO \OOOO cQ*c.t oi .ri vi ,ri rn Ln \n a c.i t- c.i c.i c.i ea c! ca t-f-- QOO r $l- | cq OO r cO t- C.tr ci oO C.l cnF-öl cqoON oo o\ t Slcltcarl r-l\ol *l\Ot \o öl $$ I N $\o$ ölcr)ca öto\\o -ioo^\ q.o" Lr 1c{c1 \qd} 1€-\ \qo? o!l i oi c.i od \d c.i c.i J \nO\# *OO$ * .f, "f,-OO OO\Oö.1 oo oo \o öl \o cf) c! r OOOOr $[-* s€ t--O\ I OrO r \OO ln'Nrcor | =o r | - t l--- , \O$ -v R= $co C^l I v1 1o^ q c?l c1 \o- v) \ oqn"q q\o-o" a-q\o. ,rI .o"o- tqq n- - \OO\O $$- \OcqO OOO- O\cOca NO,\f O\cAca C\O\$ $c.I .iOO €O\ \OOO I cio\ \OO f'*O \OO p_O tn@ (nc\aol -**l.\- -- lnOO t f\- - sca I q) c{ ttr)-tr. F :f \O* CO*C.) O\*rn -\OoO tr-l--\n d \O oO F- t'- ln I 9- .ll \Ai-i \oc"ii O$+ oioi-i \io\i d ; qvl m"qv? F =q$.r-. .J\n .o"o.q - 9q \,qq ol\n \o^o^q q$" 5fca!n F-FN €OO\ tr-$\O \O-v') Olr)€ \o-\n o\n00 o$ +) O\O. r !öOr r $Or I c{O. r $O (nO -f,o t,no rn€ c! S'ölrcal \O- -- \O* Söl $\o It c..l q) E *cr^röl \o€o *$c) oONi O\\l.)ötr \Orfi- q,rl c* \o^ v? ol ra 1 \ v ac.r{ -io."a cdii oi -i c.i -l d ,ri od \d *\orn oo\oN ttn6 c'i o\o GI OO\ 'r r \OO r NO r r,O r rOO I cao\ r \06 r Ot-- rn öl I c.)- | 'n I v.) I cno\ q) s\o --t N G' c{a\ nqc{ o-1\ o{ =t:.{ q oq o. q v? \o" c{ oo^ o- q v? \o" t\$tl.) c\l-€ -OOO öl-OO *oOO \o \n U) s5T| S8T s3? C.lO r caO r r.}Or* caO I tnO\i t-- C.l (n- N- | cr)- | *r,-+'ln *F a I soo L öl -ä0 v F- - .-I €- A x F I !a (n- F 0-) I (J I €q) CE .!l () -l q) C (ts a F Ä t- a L 6 q) ! .cg.i v-v I .-I € € €'= € 6 B.r B Bf,. g FEgg FA >.a >-, xY 9C E: 9- I ä € a- gä= (.) a.) gä 9 .q 9ä äA9ää 9äg 9äE 9ä r 9ä E r - q.) I g v = $iE üt5 üt= üE= ütE ,ä!E üFE $t (.) --2ö L 0-) e aE q.l (n : (n a L e ä+e#: tr ()- l äe?ä+ä äpä ä$ä ä$E ä$E ä$ETi -,;,?4 rh #€ E_#€E #€E #€E B'€E $€ E F'€€fi; o - Y rl v €E,ä.8 ä.=;v F"Egsä,E ä5* 9-öoo €cäö :eg* ieas sEBs:EEE Egu =rrhtr r'=-- ä=;; ,i S s'= x=:- #E;; 9=== EF;; EE;; e-f cl ä;E "=;; v-!vv ;EEEEEEE EEEE €EEE TEEE:1EEE ü;EEEE"" *,= I F>ii c"; öaec ba66 Eaa.6 ba66 Eoa.6 öa66 >ee6 >e66 flaa E CCC THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY TI5] öt v? ,r} \o^ .t- FI q ö{ ol cl \o- oq oq \o^ \ el o^ o^ $^ o" \cr} o^ o-n"o- o{q s cot--o caF-o -cQo c.l#- o{cao oocno c{cao oocao 4. c\| -\n s[n \nF- \noo \o$ :$ \o-f, *\f, *N - cA öl O\ t*r cO ca ,J caaa* $ - t-r ä0 A- $o\f- *o\\o o{ \O- =1: v1 c"i o{ v} v? e1 ,q cr} o{ v1 v1 cr} qq ca $\O* rt\O* \oco- .- -.i\n NO\N tr- cq C{ a- cA öl F- ca Cl t.- c.) oi co@ -/ r $!ö OO t'- I öl@ O{t | -\f I C1 $ r -a- | () C..ll*l ool F- co cö oo TJ .a- ca ca .cü F- II qqcl o^ oo^ v?. \o^ o^ c1 q v? c.} c? s- e1 vlq qc?q c?vlq o{ v? Lr 1 ca F- cA *t--cö S$d O\OcO O\$O t-- S oO O\$O tr-atoO cn 00 \n rn #sr *\O iE $t-- *$ Otf,- 8- | €- | 3$-., ca rn CN ca ca) - oo 1r) cl F- --O tr)OOC.l \OOt-- O\C}\c\l v?1cr} c{oq\ q1c? .{0o^\ =qq ä0 c.i \d c"i od,rt c.i od,ri i c.i i o -tOt-- \nOO\ $Otr- \nOO\ cqca E ölln* $\r)* OOt-- r \öt- cA$öl -sf öi co$öl -tc{ *o U O\loolt\r\O -l l*l l\f, - öl c.l * c! oo A q)I 1v1 \ qvl ,,? o-€^q. ö{1o" q-1v? c{1o^ q1v? m-o- q) O\S\n c.i .f, ,r; o(n- ooo* €\no ooo\o oorno ooo\o c.ic\ oo $\o- l-- \O - rtf-- c.)lr-- O\nC{ öl\n+ O\nöl N\r)* -O\ F c'l *l t--l\Ol\nl -(n I l\nl lr) cl^) c.) *-*R I q.v} \ v?v1 \ vl\ql v1 $-c.i qo^q \o^v11 qo^q \o",rl-i qn" O\\OAO t\OOO @\nc.i llr)O\CO -io\cn cAO\öl -rO\cO c.)O\öl CAOO - oo t-- c\|bJ oobi öt\o- -F\ B- | 3- | S- | E* | E r-- J caco#ll(--lltt* 9 q) s s =q oo" \o^ \o" q \o^ m" c{ -i v? -i \o^ v? \o^ u? O^ I - 1oo- 1q 1oo" 1q \ o- oo cqcOcA \9co.A OoO(\ cQO.l* CjO:t \nO\tn c{O\f, rnO\\n c.)öl @ - -n (n | | I \oooi NF | i ört- | q) f R* $* €- 8- coco--*99 I .- v L A oq \o^ oq -i -i -i x q o- \ q \ v1 \o- cq 1cr} q \o" cl e.} c1 q \o- cr} 1o- t-- c.tt--o\ |r)coca rncoca =l b\oo\ r*ot.) o\rt- o$cn c)\f,crl caö.1 @ \n g* o\ cttoo- oo€J c.loo-r -ce q) S* | | | | f S- *-- lÖl r! caca#llo\l .f, tr v cg d e1 -ivl .l 01 F 1c1 q€" q.o.c^ o^ac? oq-q\ o-1c1 oo^q\ 1o" - F-\9t ot\9S tn$$ \OO\d c!r-t oo\O(n ölF*$ oo\O\n ca\O oo rH $ öro' örol *= 5- | 86 | ;6 | €ot Ro\ I I Ro I | rca*0lötg -a q)v rt q\o"v) cl\c? \o^O^oq oln"-i o"qq c.t=1:1 o-qq qv? -t at/l\o^ ra) clQÖl ÖlQÖl $o\\n oooo-f, oo-io o\ölo ooro o\NO eac) oo c.l c'rÖ- clo -8 GI 8= | ä= | ;6 | Go i == ' =91 q) =f, ca * ö.t c.t --!l Sl cg clqel 1o{cl qq\ 1q\o" cr}v?*i c?q\ c?v?a qc.i\ -in v ica-r .f,ql* O\\nO F-ölrn --ce f-** **Crl [--F* Ce- (t) oo *Q -O -O aoO NO €O -@ cn QO tr r NO CN o\* oo* Qo- \o+ | o- * c); - o\ CA C.) # C.l C.l OO L la) ,-oo v F- cq F .-I I a x F C) T)- rn () Fa I h I q) +a t? cl q.) o- -l v q) C Cts F A I t- ()tr +) o-tr6- vo q.) Fl .ti 'tr' 'L< I ! hn ! Li tr )< r-l rr a- 3-q 3 6 Ec 3 E 35 3 F 3 F I ^]F ^? ^)s'^;Y ^? ^?: ^?: ^? ? (.) .!l g ! =d: =a =E- =-{ d- E I _y _,, =E =a =- =- -!a C) E c.) s #t3 $iä #s: .äi=.{.sE #sE qt€ #i E 2ö L OE A- F.r dai üa; üaäüa5Ba5 üili üai üa?Ei c): a r o a E $El bE; sEr ä"E€ &Eü &E: &E: $EEE5 (.)F L -jt?4 d rh E rtE fi€n E5E ff€E il€€ f;€ä E€g ü€E;'E -a.=f,v- Y rl v :? zx'o gS 9 -öoo ö.8::-:.E'"= 35 öS AS [ig = -iltr iEgS XE iE äEöS :EES :E P= ,ii S c.l e-X cl *Ets tEss üEsse Esei Essi Es=E =ss E sts EEE 3ztü, Ezv,tr, 4ztt EztZü, 8zi.ü, tzt,tt 6z;,u özü,y,'4r= ( FZE ca öaa6 ba66 Aaao ba66 öa.66 E.ao >e66 >e.66 flas 3 CCC T/58 FADN 3.2.1 The farm accountancy data network - Explanatory note The fm accountancy data network (FADN) collects accountancy data from a sample of agricultural holdings in the Community. The 'commercial ' FADN field of swey relates to fums, i.e. frms which market the bulk of their production md which exceed a minimum level of economic activity defined in tems of economic size (see the definition of the Euopean size unit below)' In the most rrcent accounting yers there were almost 58 000 holdings (Community of Twelve) representative of commercial fms in the FADN smple. The terms used in the tables relate to the following definitions. BASIC FADN TERMS Accountingyear The rccounting yer is a 12-month period starting between I Jmury md I July, the exact date varying from one Member State to mother. Economic size and European size unit (ESU) The European size unit (ESU) is a unit of measurementof the economic size of the agricultural holding. A farm has an economic size of I ESU if its total standild gross margin is ECU 1 200 of 1988 SGM. The standad gross magin for each enterprise conesponds to the average value, over a three-yeu period and in a given region, of production minus certain variable costs (Decision 85l377lEEC). Type of farming (TF) The type of fming (TF) of a holding is detemined by the relative shtre in the holding's total standard gross magin of each of the enterprises of the holding. A description is given in Table 3.2.2" The results given in the following tables relate to nine groups aggregated from the 17 principal types of faming in the Comunity farm typology (Decision 85l371lEEC). Weighting and number of holdings represented The holdings in the FADN sample re selected in such a way as to be representative, for each division, of the holdings belonging to each cell fomed by the combination of TF and economic size class. The populations to be represented ae derived ftom the Comunity ftrm structue suneys. The results presented are weighted averages. Each holding in the FADN sample is attributed a weight proportional to the number of holdings belonging to the same type of farming and the same economic size class in the division. - - The number of holdings represent€d is the sm of the weights of the holdings in the sample. Some cells (division TF economic size class) may have no holdings in the sample, either brcause very high selection rates would be necessary or because there are technical difficulties in selecting holdings. STRUCTURALDATA UAA: utilized agricultural rea (in hectues). FADN TI59 3.2.1 (continued) Annual work unit (AWU and WU) This represents the agricultural work done by one full-time worker in one yetr. Pa(-time md seasonal work ae fractions of an AWU. An FWU is an AWU of unpaid(family) labour. AVERAGE RESULTS PER HOLDING Total output This is the value of total production duing the accomting yer. Included re off-fm sales,home-grown feed md sed, filmhouse consumptionand benefits in kind, as well m changesin the value of livestock md stocks of crop products. Inte rrnediat e c onsumption This conespondsto all the fixed md vuiable coststhat are necessaryfor agricultual activity md includeshome-grown feed äd seed but excludesfinmcial chuges, labou costs,rent and depreciation. Depreciation This is the annualprovision designedto replacethe fixed componentsof working capital at the end of their life (buildings, machinery, equipment,etc.). It is calculatedon the basis of replacementvalue. Farm net value added (FNVA) Total output less intemediate consumption and depreciation, adjusted to take account of tiles, grmts and subsidies linked to production. This is m indicator of the economicperfommce of the holding. It renumeratesfmily md hired labou, own and bonowed capital and the managementof the holding. Family farm income (FFI) This conespondsto ftrm net value added,less other real costsin the accountingyeil : interestmd financial chtrges, wagesand social secuity costspaid and rent. This indicator representsthe rctun on the labour of farmer and family, and on owned capital. FADN T161 !n vvvvvvvgvv vvvvvvv F ---FlFlFiFr-.lFl* L C) c* -i ,r} s \ O^ o{ q v? O^ \o" - oo oooln\ncotr-C\rn@ F** -, öo tr1 * 0.) cn -ic{{,r}s^a C.l OOOOc.l-f, G c'l c.l oo^ @ q -i q oo^ \O" o0 o\ $ oc.l*tr*$ \o öl +E @ \n ri ü fo:- o{ ct t-. F- $^ m r.= ca) c.) c..l '- cd c.t c? ca 9{) s^qq\\o- It Fi C.l co OO\\OO$ Fl CO Fr s \n \n .f, F,i F.r -f, -' t= e.l C.l O A +rAA v\!vv cl \O * F.r ol ca -F, q,)* - C) H > = oo \n @ c\ Ocooö.lo-f, ". oo ta * 6.- N ä F{ E - F(- H .: @ oo oo -C.lOFiC{O- äo F- .d (.'1 + .- E* O\ Fr (1 rF ) ,1 \+-r,!v i) c.l cJ OOO---\n t ^l -H rr $ c\ öo AA \n €xv a q :3 Jla vta F EE 9 -i\o^o^=qq-i-ie\o- \r1 cq iJ OOCqCOO-OOO* rla ts1 s'-# r-.i F< O\ A A) ß .t3 -ä P A I (!t .ro bc K qo^v?v1 v o^q.q.vln 00 \O\OOO,TOOO\n @ Atr a.l .-A av r,_ A!r- bo lr ur o'tr q) '.lq-icr} ! a) c.l \o^c.} \oo^=1: O .f,\OOOFTN$\Oöl trö tr- C) {)o Q Fr t-- C1') F n L - a It I (.) ; L q) c{ oo etr s$ k \Ö\++ a vtl \OTToo cn rr q) e) c-.t +Cc.ic.,Cl_ -o '(-.tcocq$$(nl rr L o cs *++F-O'lrröl rlÄ U) C.l O.l r o\ ca$l - () ä0 t-- Fa E .!l F F B L C) iI.c! a.) Crrr C.) a',! 3 (4, a co () b>, A öo^ ('aL c.l e äoe +) F >,X rlLE - c'l .A ä-3F c) : &s lae* .- ;I dao .I ^, Y>) Fitr:ri ä.F I! o3:c!.t1 I >,= € q) ?,t F E= .3 E € - #ii E I E i .=E öä a 9 ZE El E ö 8 fiE S9' Eä Ä Ä: tr g -.'!= cl 'Elrrr cl rr,,ltlll co ? 3C T162 FADN 3.2.3 Accountancy results by type of farming (1992193 and 1993194) Number of holdings Size of holdings Type of farming In the FADN field In the UAA Labour input of observation sample (r) (ha) (Awu) t992t93 | t993/94 t992/93 | t9e3l94 1992/93 | t993/94 1992/93 | t993/94 A 8 9 L J - 5 6 All types of farming EUR 15 Belgique/Belgiö 46549 46246 I 191 l 190 29,9 29,3 1,7| ,77 Danmark 59 t02 59 068 2 143 2 125 42,4 44,7 1,39 ,39 BR Deutschland 311 155 3rr 625 5 072 5 198 32,7 35,0 1,62 ,62 Elläda :: 6035 5919 9,0 8,9 1,89 ,87 Espafra 6991 6 303 30,7 27,7 1,27 ,26 France 459 488 458 689 7 755 7 720 52,4 55,8 r,74 ,71 Ireland 129 926 l3t 576 1 288 l 316 40,0 37,9 1,23 ,34 a- Iralia 19 597 18945 17,8 18,3 1,82 2043 2043 288 278 51,8 52,4 1,72 ,63 Luxembourg ,,,T9 Nederland 89 467 90433 1 490 | 514 23.0 23.0 ))) Östeneich :: : Portugal 366964 368 131 3 155 3 354 12,o t2.8 1,53 ,45 Suomi/Finland Sverige :: : : United Kingdom 3 239 2 152 159.7 135.8 2,88 !,89 EUR 12 r 464694 | 467 8r1 58244 56014 34,O 355 r,63 r,62 AB - Arable crops Belgique/Belgiö 5 480 5 480 t23 rr7 42,4 42,4 r,36 l,4l Danmark 24424 24424 615 608 41,6 44,7 0,89 0,89 BR Deutschland 57 293 57 222 1075 | O2r 42,5 45,9 1,47 1,50 Elläda 3 048 2987 lr,4 I 1,3 1,90 1,86 Espafla :: 2735 2 462 49,3 41,6 l,l2 l,o4 France r24242 r227t6 2219 2077 7r,2 77,3 1,56 1,55 Ireland 4 185 4 185 65 62 58,3 56,6 r,33 l,4r Italia 6763 6 658 r7.9 18.1 1,65 1,60 Luxembourg :: Nederland 12405 t2405 316 299 46.1 46.7 I,48 r,45 Österreich Portugal r40232 r39 8r7 6r6 6t3 10.3 10,4 l,53 r,39 Suomi/Finland Sverige United Kingdom 634 503 187,3 r94,O 1)) 2,89 EUR 12 368261 366249 18 209 17 407 39,8 42.4 r.49 I,44 C - Horticulture EUR 15 t27 r23 ?) 1? 2,85 2,78 Belgique/Belgiö 4646 4646 '7,0 Danmark 1 481 I 481 205 206 8,2 4,31 4,85 BR Deutschland 8 088 8 s6s 212 241 2,6 2,7 3,76 3,77 Elläda 93 90 2,5 2,7 1,85 1,81 Espafla :: 340 339 5,8 5,0 r,63 1,53 France 14767 13959 292 313 8,7 8,2 2,81 2,81 Ireland 21 2l I 2 Italia | 299 | 214 1,8 1,8 2,25 2,13 Luxembourg :: Nederland 14623 14994 346 353 4.7 4.9 5,21 5,09 Österreich : Portugal t2439 12 181 412 436 2,8 3,1 1,65 1,63 Suomi./Finland Sverige : : United Kingdom t27 47 l6,l 5,0 8.23 1r,23 EUR 12 56 065 55 847 3 454 3364 5.0 4,9 3,34 3.33 FADN T/63 Average results per holding in I 000 ECU (cunent) Intermediate Farm net Farm net value added Family farm income Total output Depreciation consumption value added per AWU per unit unpaid labour 1992t93 I tggltgq 1992/93 | 1993/94 1992/93 | 1993/94 1992/93 | tggltgq 1992/93 | 1993t94 r992/93 1993t94 10 ll t2 l3 t4 l5 t6 17 l8 l9 20 2l 110,3 113,5 58,5 59,6 ll,2 l1,g 42,7 47,0 25,0 2'.7,6 30,7 '70,6 34,2 114,6 tlz,l 69,5 12,6 l2,l 33,3 37,6 23,9 27,0 2,5 6,0 90,4 96,7 53,2 53,1 14,9 15,4 24,9 27,1 15,4 16,7 14,3 15,7 19,5 lg,5 6,9 7,1 2,1 2,I 12,3 12,8 6,5 6,9 10,3 l0,g 32,6 29,5 I5,4 I2,l 2,9 2,7 15,6 16,g r2,3 13,4 r2,8 r4,4 g5,g 909 47,3 47,9 r2,4 13,3 34,7 33,9 20,0 19,9 21,5 20,3 35,9 35,2 20,0 lg,3 3,2 2,9 16,5 16,6 13,5 12,5 12,7 13,3 45,9 42,1 19,6 l7,g 5,2 4,9 ))) 11) 12,2 l2,O 19,0 19,4 t02,3 95,7 52,2 4g,g 19,9 20,r 37,5 35,9 21,9 22,1 31,0 31,4 t90.4 193.9 105,3 107,6 24,6 26,6 60,8 6r,7 27,4 28,2 26,3 26,5 9,5 8,6 5) <') 1.6 r.7 35 2,6 )7 1,8 2,5 1,4 :: 174,9 194,2 100.0 109.4 18,6 19,7 70,0 81,I 24,3 28.I 35,6 46,6 72,6 70,2 40.1 40,1 10,0 10,5 25,0 t5? 15,3 15,6 14,4 14,3 92,2 96,g 44,7 44,9 8,4 9,6 40,7 49,2 29,9 35,0 28,0 36,4 52,0 51,5 32,0 30,9 8,4 9,1 r3,4 19,8 15,1 22,3 -71'," -)7 84,4 79,7 46,9 46,7 15,5 15,9 24,5 29,4 16,6 19,6 13,0 16,1 21,4 20,9 7,I 7,4 2,4 2,4 12,9 13,1 6,8 7,1 10,0 10,3 27,2 27,1 r2,3 lo,2 3,1 2,4 13,4 17,4 12,0 16,g 9,9 14,6 92,0 93,3 48,0 49,0 )1 ) )')'l 15,3 16,5 33,1 35,2 2Lt- 18,9 20,3 69,8 56,2 38,5 33,0 6,4 5,5 27,3 2g,g 20,6 2r,1 16,3 19,7 33,4 30,3 13,0 11,6 4,6 4,3 17.3 r7.2 10,5 lo,7 14,2 14,3 119.6 137.0 68 70.9 18,4 20,4 1?5 49,6 22,0 34.3 6,5 2r,7 6,9 6,3 35 t5 1,3 I,4 2.9 2.3 1.9 1.6 1,8 1,2 :: 253.0 209.6 130,9 117,5 a)) 3r,0 103,3 106,7 32,1 36,9 47,5 59,1 55.9 52 1 29,9 29.7 9.3 9.8 19.0 21.3 12.8 14,8 9,6 11,3 134,9 135,9 59,8 5g,g 19,0 19,2 55,6 56,5 19,5 20,3 30,9 31,6 '))) 227,8 267,5 112,9 131,0 19,6 24,O 95,7 114,2 )?5 8,9 r4,3 193,9 209,9 108,8 114,9 20,5 20,9 64,7 74,9 17,2 19,8 2r,5 28,9 23,6 24,3 7,3 7,3 3,4 3,4 13,4 14,6 7,2 g,l 12,5 13,9 34,7 36,6 r1,2 12,6 r,2 2,2 22,3 2r,6 13,7 l4,l 16,7 17,9 108,9 114.5 50,4 53,3 16,8 l7,l 41,8 47,l 14,8 16,8 20,0 22,2 60.5 5t.7 21,7 lg,5 5.6 5.1 33,0 26.9 14,6 12,6 28,9 23,5 356,5 362,5 t84,4 )17 )\) lg4,g -J) 5t.4 53.6 123,4 r28.1 r 33,7 36,9 :: :: lo,2 9.9 4,3 4,9 33 ?) 2.6 1,9 1,6 r.2 1,6 0,9 :: :: 3s0.0 552.r 185,3 294,4 )57 32.8 t39,6 224,9 t7.o 20,o 3r,2 69,0 166,1 175.1 84,2 88,2 23.1 24.2 59,5 64,8 17.9 19,5 20,5 23,1 T164 FADN 3.2.3 (cont.) Number of holdings Size of holdings Type of farming In the FADN field In the UAA Labour input of observation sample (r) (ha) (AWU) 199311994 t992^993 | 1993/t994 1992il9e3 I 1993il994 t992^993 | t9931t994 1992/1993 | 9 I 2 4 5 6 7 8 D - Vineyards EUR 15 Belgique/Belgiö Danmark 1,82 1,91 Deutschland 16502 16715 161 160 8,0 9,2 1,76 1,76 Elläda :: 151 141 5,3 4,8 1,19 1 Espafra :: 168 130 16,1 18,0 ,15 2,13 2,O9 France 54334 55 411 885 920 18,2 18,6 Ireland :: 1,82 I,81 Iralia 1 43t | 373 9,0 9,2 2.4r 2,19 Luxembourg 269 269 13 15 7,t 7,4 Nederland Österreich :: Portugal 3224t 32735 204 222 5,1 5.8 1,25 r,23 Suomi/Finland Sverige United Kingdom EUR 12 to3 346 105136 3013 2967 12,4 13,0 l,80 1,80 E - Other perrnanent crops EUR I5 2,88 2,75 Belgique/Belgiö | 657 1792 48 55 ro,4 8,7 '7) 11 3,16 3,32 Danmark 7l2 712 l7,o 16,5 3,47 Deutschland 5 142 4 tOg 85 87 9,7 11,3 3,37 1,88 I Elläda 1 600 | 549 6,8 6,7 ,89 1,28 1,48 Espafra :: 975 915 r7,o 19,0 2,92 France t4 20r 14884 303 308 22,6 23,1 3,28 Ireland r.64 t.57 Italia :: 3 641 3 481 8.2 8.5 Luxembourg ?')') 2,81 Nederland 3974 4744 69 90 9.4 7.4 Österreich 1,23 Portugal 54321 5432r 516 529 9,3 9,3 1,23 Suomi,/Finland Sverige 9,56 8.68 United Kingdom 60 54 35.0 36.2 EUR 12 80007 80562 "7374 "l r40 11,6 tr.7 1,87 1,80 F - Dairy EUR t5 1,58 1,59 Belgique/Belgiö l0 512 to 512 255 265 32,9 33,7 r,64 1,69 Danmark 12733 12733 502 507 45,8 46,6 1,54 1,55 Deutschland 112 688 rl3 721 I 611 I 518 32,2 34,7 2,05 2,20 Elläda 18 20 6,4 5,9 1,54 1,54 Espafla :: 1260 1307 14,8 l4,o 1 1,55 France 84218 84 093 | 336 | 346 44,7 47,9 ,55 1,57 1,65 Ireland 38 250 39 542 428 433 4r,9 39,1 2,20 2,20 Iralia 2229 2182 25,3 25,7 1,68 1,61 Luxembourg 1265 1265 225 208 58,5 59,3 1,63 1,62 Nederland 32053 32053 494 490 31,3 31,5 Österreich :: 1,88 1,93 Portugal 13 685 16 4r7 363 495 13,3 12,1 Suomi/Finland Sverige :: 2,59 United Kingdom 840 535 80.9 83,7 2,49 EUR 12 305405 310336 9 561 9306 36,6 37.7 1,58 1,60 FADN T165 Average results per holding in 1 000 ECU (current) Intermediate Farm net Farm net value added Family farm income Total output Depreciation consumption value added per AWU per unit unpaid labour 1992/1993 I t993/1994 1992/t993 | t993/1994 t992il993 | 1993/1994 1992/t993 | t993/1994 t992/t993 | 1993/t994 1992/1993 1993/1994 10 ll t2 l3 t4 l5 l6 t7 l8 t9 20 2l ; , 56,7 59,5 22,4 25,6 9,4 10,6 25,4 25,3 l4,o 13,2 15,7 12,6 18,0 14,5 3,5 3,6 3,0 2,9 r3,3 lo,7 7,5 6,1 L2,3 9,6 20,8 2l,l 4,5 4,6 4,5 3,9 I1,8 12,5 10,0 10,8 8,9 9,9 111,0 gg,0 35,9 36,3 12,7 13,6 61.3 s3.2 28,8 25,4 34,3 25,9 38,8 34,3 10,1 9,2 6,7 6,4 22,1 19,0 12,2 10,5 18,4 15,4 142,3 97.4 39.2 36.1 17.2 t5.4 91,2 46,6 37.9 2r.3 82,1 40,1 : 7.0 5.1 1.9 2.0 1,,2 t,3 4,0 2,0 ?) 1,6 0,8 : 69,4 62,s 22.9 )?7 8,6 9.2 ?75 32,6 20,8 r8.l 2t,5 16,0 125,6 rl4,g 43,5 41,5 13,5 13,2 67,8 60,3 23,5 21,9 39,1 32,8 120,3 124,2 50,0 5l,g 9,2 9,3 60,5 63,4 lg,2 l9,r 3,4 4,7 130,3 143,3 56,2 66,3 16,8 l7,g 58,5 62,1 17,4 17,9 21,2 18,6 13,7 13,9 3,4 3,4 2,0 2,1 10,1 10,7 5,4 5,7 8,9 9,5 24,3 20,9 8,4 4,9 3,9 3,3 12,8 14,4 10,0 9,7 9,1 9,9 108.7 98.8 48,1 43,7 15,5 15,5 49.3 42.7 15,0 14,6 15,5 13,0 : 26,8 24,4 7,1 6,3 4,3 4,3 16.0 14.7 9,8 9,3 12,3 11,8 0,0 149,9 129,6 64.9 54.8 23,8 2l,O 61.6 56,0 19,2 19,9 26,3 26,6 :: 7,0 5,9 2,7 )\ 1.8 1.9 2,8 1,7 )) 1,4 1,8 0,4 :: 36r.4 346.0 207,7 t79,5 25.5 21.3 128.6 145.9 13,4 16,8 - 2,3 32,0 42,3 39.7 17,8 17,0 6,4 6.5 t9.r 17,2 rc,2 9.6 6.3 93,8 96,4 40,3 3g,g ll,4 11,8 M,3 48,1 28,r 30,3 34,9 39,1 135,8 140,5 76,0 76,2 13,6 13,4 47,8 56,5 29,2 33,5 16,3 24,9 76,6 79,2 42,0 44,8 13,9 15,1 23,5 26,0 15,3 16,8 15,9 17,8 53,9 59,7 33,4 36,6 -,")7 )7 18,1 20,3 8,8 9,3 14,8 17,5 39,8 39,5 20,0 19,0 2,9 3,4 17,l r7,5 11,0 rl,4 15,9 16,6 76,1 79,6 4l,l 43,1 9,6 lO,2 26,5 28,8 l7,l 18,7 19,9 22,0 66,2 65,7 33,8 32,9 5,2 4,6 29,6 30,0 18,9 18,2 23,1 24,1 g7,l -- 89,4 47,1 43,9 l,J 1,5 35,9 37,3 t6,3 r7,O 33,1 34,5 99,3 102,2 54,r 53,4 21,8 22,7 31,1 36,5 18,6 22,7 24,7 3r,9 159.4 164.4 75,9 78,8 2r.5 24.5 6r.7 62.6 37,8 38,6 36,6 37,0 '7,2 29.5 25.7 19.0 17,3 2,6 1) 9,4 6,9 5,0 3,6 5,0 : :: 178.6 204.0 93,0 r01.2 16,g 18,6 73,0 85,6 29,3 33,0 48,6 57,6 85,0 86,4 44,7 46,0 I1,8 12.6 30,3 7)) 19,1 20,1 20,6 ))) T166 FADN 3.2.3 (cont.) Number of holdings Size of holdinss Type of farming Labour input In the FADN field In the UAA (AWU) of observation sample (r) (ha) t993/1994 199211993| t9931t994 t99211993 | 1993n994 1992t1993 | t99311994 1992/1993| 7 8 9 I 2 -') 4 5 6 G - Drystock (excl. milk) EUR 15 37,4 1,50 ,50 Belgique/Belgiö 9 581 9 409 r70 192 36,5 39,9 ,97 Danmark 508 643 8 10 : 40,5 r,45 ,44 BR Deutschland 13991 13595 200 185 35,7 5,3 1,91 ,90 Elläda 677 664 5,1 28,9 r,22 ,16 Espafra :: 912 784 27,0 1,50 ,49 France 88223 89 512 I 236 1311 61,8 64,0 35,3 1,03 ,15 Ireland 83 165 83 146 695 7r7 37,A 42,5 1,85 ,78 Italia 00 | 765 | 778 40,6 60,7 1,33 ,30 Luxembourg 229 229 16 20 62,9 l7,l 1,43 ,40 Nederland 9784 9784 32 42 18,2 Österreich 1,59 Portugal 34194 35 r34 501 507 30.8 32.8 Suomi/Finland Sverige : : : 167.8 1.90 94 United Kingdom 1 088 67r 245.0 1,38 EUR 12 240275 241 452 7 300 6 881 45,0 45.4 1,35 H - Granivores EUR 15 8,1 1,40 Belgique/Belgiö 4097 4265 136 130 8,6 44,5 1,97 Danmark 5 095 5 l5l 2r9 241 44,4 26,2 r,42 BR Deutschland 1I 965 12 r87 82 315 23,0 0,8 2,16 Elläda 27 2I 0,8 2,8 0,99 Espafra :: 227 115 1,9 )",'7 26,5 1,65 France 8 705 8 863 t73 20r 11,5 2,49 Ireland 271 429 4 10 : 2,02 Italia 56 76 9,4 r0,7 Luxembourg 77 I I 1,50 Nederland 9 309 9 309 165 178 \') 5,0 Österreich : 1,66 Portugal 3 662 4649 63 70 8,5 8,0 Suomi/Finland Sverige : : : 3,44 United Kingdom ll5 tt2 17.5 rg,7 1,58 EUR 12 43 rll 44860 | 268 | 4',to 18.8 20,r r,67 | - Mixed (crops + livestock) EUR 15 34,5 r,63 1,63 Belgique/Belgiö l0 576 rO t42 332 308 33,0 1,38 1,33 Danmark t4 t49 13924 5r7 481 45,5 48,4 38,1 1,54 1,51 BR Deutschland 85 486 85 511 | 646 r 67r 36,5 9,5 1,90 1,88 Elläda 421 441 9,0 1,18 r,l7 Espafla :: 374 251 39,4 37,0 67,0 1,72 1,72 France 70798 69245 1311 1244 62,0 62,1 1,gg 1,84 Ireland 4034 4252 95 92 66,2 'r)< ))? t,93 --t' r,99 Italia :: 2413 2183 1,53 1,42 Luxembourg 273 273 33 34 56,3 58,4 23,8 1,53 1,48 Nederland 7319 1lM 68 62 21,2 Österreich :: 't) 15,6 1 1,64 Portugal 75 589 72877 480 482 13,0 Suomi/Finland : Sverige 3,00 3,03 United Kingdom 375 230 154.1 143.0 1,60 EUR 12 268224 263369 8 065 7 479 37.0 39,8 1,64 grcss ,torrc€r Eurcpee Commission, Diretorarc-General for Agriculture, FADN (population: 1993 smcture suney; classification: standard mügins'1990')' in tobls' (r) Resulß for groups of less thm tO holdings de not considered rcpreFnhive and üe thercfore not included in the table, allhough they üe included FADN T161 Average results per holding in I 000 ECU (current) Intermediate Farm net Farm net value added Family farm income Total output Depreciation consumption ilue added per AWU per unit unpaid labour 1992/1993 | 1993/t994 t992/1993 | 1993/t994 1992^993 | t993fi994 1992^993 I 1993/1994 t992n993 | t993/1994 1992/1993 1993/1994 t0 l1 l2 l3 l4 l5 l6 t7 t8 t9 20 21 76,0 93,4 39,1 40,9 8,0 8,8 33,6 41,2 22,5 27,4 26,0 ?)') 0,0 5l,g 0,0 4r,3 0,0 7,0 0,0 r2,4 0,0 r2,8 0,0 - 3,6 77,3 79,3 47,2 49,5 14,l 14,3 20,3 2',7,4 14,0 19,0 12,6 rg,2 20,1 2l,g 9,8 r0,2 1,1 1,1 13,6 15,6 7,1 8,2 12,9 14,9 26,0 26,0 12,3 12,4 1,6 1,5 15,8 16,1 12,9 13,8 14,7 14,9 54,0 54,0 30,7 31,0 8,0 8,6 23,r 24,9 15.4 16,8 l7,I 18,8 15,3 16,0 9,2 9,4 1,8 r,6 8,8 8,9 9,6 7,7 7') 75 57,5 51,5 29,5 25,9 4,5 3,9 26,8 25,6 r4,5 r4,4 23,9 t?? 75,7 66,4 46,6 39,3 16,4 14,3 21,4 29,0 16,1 22,4 r4,5 27,9 86,7 90.6 45,2 43,0 10,0 9,3 32.4 30.1 22,7 2t,5 19,3 rg,5 12.l 10.0 7,8 7,0 1,9 1,9 4,7 7) 2.9 2.0 3,9 )? : : : 64.6 75.7 45,1 52.0 10,1 10,5 35,0 46,0 18,4 )41 21,8 33,3 38,3 38,2 21.9 22,0 5.4 5.5 16,2 t7.3 12,0 12,6 12,o 13,I 215,9 tgz,g 15',1,2 142,0 14,5 15,6 44,3 34,6 31,2 24,8 34,1 24,0 314,4 269,5 202,8 lgg,7 28,0 24,5 86,0 63,2 39,7 32,r 24,8 5',7 gO,7 140,3 t17,6 97,7 18,4 16,2 26,4 18,2 r7,8 r2,8 13,9 7,6 93,1 96,7 64,7 65,5 3,3 2,9 23,9 16,6 11,5 7,7 22,9 15,2 119,5 44,2 79,5 32,1 4,5 2,4 34,8 9,2 27,6 9,2 32,0 8,7 26t,3 210,1 179,1 169,9 20,2 21,2 63,5 17,9 36,1 10,9 44,6 - 0,9 : 356,4 : 287,3 : 15,3 . 553 - '))) 26,7 t93,7 170,2 120,0 lot,4 8,8 9,5 65,4 61,6 31,4 30,6 63,1 58,3 0,0 0,0 269,7 263,4 202.7 212.2 22.8 25.4 43,8 24,6 29,4 t6,4 20,5 - r,9 86.9 63.7 63.9 53.0 3.0 2.4 19.5 7.7 10,0 4,6 15,0 3,0 : : 340,4 332.2 253,2 26r.7 18,0 17,3 69,9 56,0 20.2 16,3 32,r 17,5 218,3 197,2 154,0 t45,7 19,1 18,5 46.4 ?55 27,8 16,2 25,3 5,1 113,1 124,3 64,7 69,3 10,0 11,3 40,1 48,6 24,6 29,8 29,6 36,3 122,1 120,3 82,9 92,4 13,1 12,5 28,4 33,9 20,7 25,3 - r,4 3,2 gg,g to2,I 67,6 62,4 15,7 15,9 2r,8 2l,g r4,2 14,6 12,2 12,4 20,8 22,4 9,6 11,0 1,5 r,7 12,5 13,5 6,5 7,2 ll,4 12,5 36,9 30,0 19,0 l3,g 2,6 2,3 17,4 16,6 14,8 14,2 r5,7 15,2 108,6 105,5 65,8 69,0 r3,7 15,0 33,2 31,7 19,4 18,4 22,3 r9,4 [01,3 73,9 62,7 47,9 9,1 6,6 34,9 28,r 18,5 15,3 209 r7,2 54,2 49,6 27,0 24,1 5,9 5,4 22,5 2r,r 11,3 10,9 20,2 lg,2 95,0 96,2 58,8 54,5 16,7 17,5 26,1 28,2 r7,l 19,8 2r,5 23,9 173,8 179,7 1l8,l 126,0 17,5 19,4 38,7 34,3 25.2 23.2 l7,r 12,8 8,7 8,3 5.4 5.2 1,4 t,4 2,8 2,6 1,6 1,6 )a 1,6 213.7 214.0 129.3 135.4 21,2 ))7 75.4 84.7 25,r 28,0 ?5? 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"FH s; 'E 3ffF. >ro it i-, e,r U :1,. ** .:.:9p9p tr= " E Ä sr 'E'E : a U.E äc0 x s2 F { E'ftseä ä .i-*äEEo' äJ >3 _ c.i c. + € >ö J c.i ca "' PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS Tn3 I Y- qE al \O Gl c..l G" s"a S$ co\o | | 838 88 | | R?8 F- \9 O, oO oO öt\n $$ J,.i; .dod sv$\t\F ao co .Joi- co cö c1 r,Dc! s'{ coooöl \o\o\o \o\o oon+ cO-F oO O\ oO @ChF\O- C t--O € lr) r- öl l-- s\oNölr) oo" c1 q \o- d E 3R3 ?3I 8 R88 5€ F g \o o\ oo oo oi i c.i öi c.i ,ri rJ -l \OF n5 öl öl N ö.1 N ?? n F il;iii iln€ € füI cÖ+F oO O\ c.) c9 O- €- !n|'- C1 tr* tr..O € sQNNtnoöaa rJ \d ...: E R 3R3 ?8I 8 R88 O\ \O st o odJ ii ,oc. oo oo oi c.i ,.i -i m.orf,$$c\a.l (-.l i öi c.i rl \O t-- öi öl ir !? qi.f,c.r cnco cn € f9; 'r) |.) \nr)\n \nrn \O ;3- \o .f, €\oo\ 8 RS F8 RS t-- ö] F- oO \o- 8 I 585 c{- o ä 6V= -0OoO e dJ c>i r-c. @o\ \Q s .i-i f- OO.O c.l $ o\ oO-oO* C- tr- ö.1 $$ c..t- N Ö] vtr)cÖ$.a t*f, co \o --$ \ntr)n\n(n \n !n \o a] o oo co a{ -t' d d bo öo XF AA F LA 10-i aE ;/ -- tB :- ä ()() () ! ä s- 8E ögE sä äs €F: Eä======7="gf = € lE .sHg:'F P = äE= (.)C) () LL L _EE =gH-rt<-)sr;EgE.T=* llr E $tä FF F F fE --E :f *!i h-gp L ^C) ä A -Q ()L F E* 6 F Ej,Eoe 0.) s ;' n, g= A EFs i : ry 3c z H 6 ET.H*9 ? - s :! r :säE hFo öo5 1a 3 5=ä E f P e.:-: ta 9? bo €;: i : E ECIrr E 3.F o'E B Ä Ä ä u t äBSS &F Z>L ..;+d d c.i c.j *tr\)z TI14 PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS c..l öl ca aa älälär- ll rr |r)s .o^ \ cö O\ r)S cO t-- O\ f- n oo \o lr) R 88 +"! $-i ö NS FV \ö rn i- sf, oo \o v A s- $ca r-S lt- \O $ co \o c.l co .ir co O\ tn F- oO ;.;. ;ö 4 t-- \O +oi c-l O Ol t- tt- c') ao ca ca) \ v -f,$ * c.l ilil 3r tc) =a Eare6 oä O() O() LL ^A .YX c] * kc) ^A .: C) : e.i lev .9 L c,r 9? o. n€ s?9 sP Hä U .9.:e ä= ä ä ä= 9H äE ä: -9" F!v cl- -eH -e.t U F.E F"= F" F .F€ är h € .h€ .h F F4 O tJ. FFO FCO ?Z F €x eä s B ä; is iläc äF , EE t ^iE HäE "f_äSä_ry a\ ä E **ääE€1ä:äi*s E ä # *ääää igä !päf;E ca 5ss tgÄ:: ca c.i ö + ÄgEg= PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS TI75 O AÄÄ O t,s O ooooo€o] -ö.6.4= q!öltrlNF- It- \O r.) \O oo" @. 3 SG r 8sXAfi r, c-r .O ö.t N c.l C-.1 t-- a- Cl $ \q1.o- \o oo o\ O{OÖIO /(! ,Cd o" *- ö.t eR o f- F- (..l \+- l-- oO cocqö-"r.:'o-- - öl € rO :f - .7) c .o: ..';."i'€ = 1q a qd I F 6 I K "d; $ S = 5 "*6Ad.iSöl\\ c.l cl oo- \n r) 88888 i .ri 'd c.i c.i qq F- rO oO O. C.i ::*=äp v) \o $+ää5*s ä$ t-- { oo H ö] \O \O eA ö.t ö O öl öl /C! ,Cg cl oo- AA 8"a n la) lr)\o ööööö oo oo (1@ooo E E A ä ä n ttRSarF l--caoOOö e a 3 e i S +{!.'\qöic.iod ao ao öl F- \O \ \a oo * K -,+{ F; ..) cd ..i s. q A 8. ea il e R e8 oo ^^ ! d- EggEgEg - ELITLhLL I I g g g C) o.a.Q.a.o.a.a. ääääää ssssHss E HE H P99sssE99E999 -u .: .: .: .Y .: .9 ,9 ,o ,a) .9 ,ar .0) .c) F*>9 ,;,-a .i,= .i -l cl q C) q C) () c) 9äEJ:f \r \J \./ \J \, L,J U U U, ü, E g, d 0" (n O. (h -L trq) 38 .") ry 9'- \EO 'Ed LA c_i ö €E Es -0=^s i AE 5 E g +rl 9a ? :€ * e = t: ü€ s EF CÄ- C;El Hi F E .8s =d 3 '= 5 t- 51c p oIJ h +F = FF qro.9= 3 S 5Ä ääs;R s ta == == c,r.i55!5.= rrr-O- ä .E 3 - -ü E 3 3 I Eci-.:E- r€lgl E ? ? c e S üä ääääää 3o'EQige .=g' | 3=ts 1?'ä ;-sp5ä; E f € il H H ;; äää55ä &;5i;ii; $Fä i #se g;ä 'o -j c..i d v .ri rcj r.. \J*N g # E ö Ä S i*ä$ä; Iggä ,'d;+'r; I lbt l ü >ö5>ü - ..i rt + S9 >Ä "' v\ \- T176 PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS xQa oo o o o o^ o. o- x x?? "'n'rix xlQ "'.oooox x€'v] x o o \od9"q ""oi oF d i qE:üEEüR Bn\o c.l gsn öl ; + cnJ c-l co - \ a äücer+ äa3 ä+x;gR \n^ c.i i dd d c'i c'i cd cn 'l \n qq s \n J ä $Ee*qqüHäO d 'j -r ."i c,i -i ä33ägR*äR33:3är,- $ :ücl REEXFRäq 53i;EFä$RF*;äfrÖr ci; N öcl .r, ca Fn oo ä= J ci- s -t i id d -l -l ä .i cö | | |, | | | | | I A +"4 q'q!" qI \4 äE $" 39 i6 $x N ca 3r ; K= s ä9 \ ö] >'h h H EEEEEE ='='='='='=il=)a== LtsEE-tr :"EE99g U) (t (h (trtrdo-o-o- a ! ,;F 'b 'ö qjö E 85 { . He-B Ee 'c6 E EFE^ ='= F ;ätF €ä ; ä tctEä€^ B: ? K B ä ü r^ *Eai:äEa ;; bo gö5Ege Eg-äE e * -a d;'l==EEaäE F ,r < g E E E AA 9 ^Ä3o o =? AL *.s rh \JA :Etr$HE.EETä;: I C.E ; q-tr Q EÜF2 EE"Äo*ooä3" Ä E Ä 5 5 ä1092 -HLF c€d- ,ltlll Fö \n d Eä c,i crl t cö PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS TI77 x x qq x x x x x x ----^r- o-o^xxxo" ca co AAAr^ ll I \Ooo caF €ci O O | | r O '8^&S rGtS r?:3 rSGN r= rg r? | | | $$ ao $(-] oo o N J+rJ -jcd+ \o- \o- \o- q v] 9"?i od+ ,ri J ..{ a oi c.i ,.i (r)rf,c\l rarö.| - r.).o- o\$c.l v. F- a- lr)Fr ooa- \Ocq O OO !n \Oca N t--(}\ .q Ci O co ö'l g U.)€ $a-| .f,\c) o o | | , o $"ä ( r K' r \Ot.- F*ca O\\O \O O | | | O ^$" ä& A \ü 8,s"K t v1 gR a a oo- o^ c\ \d od c.i $ T XS S KS S 5R 3 € F \n- F-.q *o lr) c) c.l co ö.1 \o \o N F- t-- öl Ooo $ö{ -\O O O OOO O q qü q q qE $ F ' c|.\l-- O\\O r'.)€ \o .a $.ö\O O !"E { \ü E' -: o- \ q. \ c{ i c"i öi ,rt rj c.i $ sxt T xs s K: ü 3R € F \Oö.1 g F' o]oo Ncq I\o oo t\ca- cö ! 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A $öroo ooootr)o!'otno \tF- j$Rss r,.)-oo F- F-$nFO-v.N t-- s gs a'ltr)\tF- rnO\|r) O. ö.1O\OOOOc.)OO\ !n -a.]FaocÖaolr)cocÖ s ra) vv - v O\ \O cO \O \O 383 \OO\O.g-rOstO co rir vv AA-_A - \oo'oÖlIn - \O C.l öl \O.o\O:tt--Oöl 5... - I. €F-v)O\ ci t-* F- c-l \O*r--F-C)F- tr) c., It- O -oOFoO\O$F-t 33 5 3 F-cO@ O ö] n $ f-- trlO\\O Ocaöloo-O\$-O\ ö+-oc co -c{ -cAd)cAtr)cqca öl cn ÖJ cat 38 3 eä g: s? 3:= Ir*Y.= -'E ä ä##a | .,E? = ! g g E € F ilF gr€ di ;FFfr H U:FTägT I lä h; ' *- E : E U FGG= '- i?'gErE (.) -, ()()(.)(.)() OY OOOO(J L.r LLLLts I3s= *; rä-e FicE ^H 9. o- o. o o d €;;EiEii r:ütrEF 9'i=cro.l (..)(Jc)(.)0) v v tt t cgcg663€ äE E äF e P PTPPP EE äE äT e : EI ], (JOJ()(l.)C) (JOOOC) '=-gt-9i.,3 'z '= igät ö (n (h (n (n st sc = ä€:ä a 3>> ü ä ü ä 6 ü 6 Ä ü ü j (J:co(h @(-- o, I =o) ?# a(g =cl 3 <60 - E q () =aCJ,. e.r ! ü ü # E k V *"o € € 9. E A i'F'= s s s s s €*äRRRgR cl !- ca a- zm PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS Tng O\ O\ cA cO $ \O C.l O\ cO cO ca v) \o- o" trrt--ooo\o\oo *ca*öt cO€F- cOcA-cOötrFcO a{-- ö C) o ,1 ts .|. xtr '-5g() =oo .9 öE do L- .= a) I -- >\'tr ;E .Ba . eg€ 3> -iJ eE os gäe oca :!ä'E.tS 9- :ö -o ,9 r- '5 .= öl si;;ItF .,3 FF! 0.1 ca + .i^6o ca tr) RV o :iIis:I EE€ää.€EE :vl h -f- = e9 .- Al ssvvels g5iE $5isg €c .*-;: J ssssssN:ssii ?".o d()v.i tr) OCrX n^ -,-6t- = a- t-- 6)(.) n9, 5 C)^ 'Eo d + o \ rö \o oo öl oo o o $ o\ co öl \o o\ o €s{ a \o FJ,.i od c.i \d d d wi oi d öi od rl od - .A - :+.O *sl ,:.hö r) C\ C.l \O \ ci cO -O a-- U c-l Sä O\ O(! 0)- "g *oo H F: X^ EE ;-a 91 F-A cO ;Eö .rl usC) F-- I J d virr 3 = .*E ,,^9 E0.)-c);1 r'.=5 gg fig =Er dx -B "-g ä9 Xo 6 .i 9, qe q:o öl t F \-Or --o o tft'- e X.. -o>. - ? !n u;i d.= \ \a 19 qH üE 8 X FE h c.i *^d c-l äh Av- aqLVJ -f, ".i gK z.E - 2 E:- ä cc<- X i ^^trö Ls' *o X lre=> o-; -C'L.+ P -.-;! \-'l tJl o'F o ^ - U s{ü S ü= .-r.r-L g 3-Ea 0 >,= L 6r =a .,:i: c.9 aQ 9€ Si! äs {tS .-vi+ I ls sl*1 9'r9v Fg EE ä ut*!. vAv- I > tr7 r* HE.€ i [s öo,. o x '_ F ä T-,ts[ V -'- ss E { E Y=xx;iJ'E-i oo s; ä; :: a = *-d () x.= ötJL x C) €x L i:€: 'EE*: i SE ! N:F* Sst::**+--äisEf l$g:i ä 8,0 r *f 3;:::ERSBE B *- ö ! () 'A=EV F=F. ! i -t4e O .o ö fiQ tiii,idü .i {SSSt0t*A ö H f"g r,a ö.r, * e€ ö'6', :'. 3 e !ö Ex:-' v\ $s;a gö' ai l.o'S E -HAF tr AU.i ia- ä - cd A * O\ öl O\ tn O\ tr} C.l N \n I-r O\ CN O\ O\ >9 = x- ü d.c,i B \d J öi od i vi pJ oi c.i d c.i öi öi c.i cri RT\ t )(- ot-a E - >,9..f >.cr co .o .o öl öi * - ro <. ci * \o \o \o \o (J .=.:J.= = : ES F A cl.- ^:i C)ol .t !n o<- HäEE:I-:Y.- >L E FZ 7 v .- .(J +i+tr I =d FA,^V ^-A^ *(J (* o Äe =- X > X " ö .=-0.)o,-l ü !q F-.L : o: * -Ef{l .8 E P; F€Fg LA-V ,H.S.9^=ä=u €;.eE b0-^öor Qa() ^c:(! Y - b_E C9Jtr g ?: O s fr:* c 3s€ :Ye:Y 6)6 = E ioE öo X i::ie i' 'ä d'6 -=oa) -v E*rs=ctcE.^ LgL ü.:c; hll->' 6R E hF;=äx-E-Y 9."\o 8. Jjü<. o r-- = A >-L.! b e H 'O 9.ö I tra- N- -'c. ö P€U'i o; . s,tEEgbE= V F .l !5O -.--V'-) .E 9E C)gl Oaat:= g zcg C) /cg xa = x F fr; r i E = .= .x P.:' a + ; ö=äE H :96)9 \() \c.) ;>>-H E Fa59F9o= 'tr > . 995. cträ6-,i--.+ ='E S i- : äi F > "e 3 EE S E 5 SE E ää ä gA S gggs E *i E{s -) PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS T/8I 3.3.2 Producer prices for agricultural products in the EU EUR 15 (excludingVATl Nominal index Real index 7o TAY VoTAY (1990 = 100) (1990 = 100) 1994 1994 t99l 1992 t993 t994 1991 t992 1993 1994 1g% 1gy3 I 2 4 5 6 - 8 9 l0 1l Total 102,7 99,2 g7,2 101,0 3,9 95,5 88,6 83,8 84,3 0,5 Crop products 107,t 95.9 95.1 101.8 J,0 98.6 85.7 81.1 83.9 3,4 Cereals and rice 103,0 99,7 gg,2 gg,g - 8,5 93,3 87,9 80,6 73,5 - 8,8 Common wheat 103,3 102,0 gg,3 gg,3 - 10,2 93,8 87,9 80,6 73,3 - 9,0 Durum wheat 98,7 94,7 gg,5 96,2 - 12,4 91,9 81,1 74,5 64,6 13,2 Fodder barley 102,4 100,9 g5,g 90,4 - 5,7 92,5 88,3 79,8 74,4 - 6,8 Barley for brewing 98,6 98,7 95,7 9r,6 - 4,3 89,8 86,1 78,8 72,7 -7,8 Oats 97,3 101,7 103,5 gl,2 - 11,9 94,3 96,2 89,8 76,5 14,9 Grain maize 108,8 94,3 95,7 g7,g - 8,2 96,3 81,9 76,5 69,6 - 9,1 Paddy rice 103,5 107,7 131,0 132,r 0,9 91,6 86,7 93,1 88,6 - 4,9 Other 95,0 94,1 97,6 g1,g - 6,7 9r,6 85,9 77,3 7r,5 - 7,5 Roots and brassicas 109,3 90,6 90,8 122,4 34,8 106,8 85,8 81,6 103,9 27,3 Ware potatoes 116,2 16,7 76,9 142,5 85,7 111,4 81,2 72,0 719,4 65,8 Sugarbeet 103,6 102,5 103,3 106,9 ?5 97,3 94,0 91,0 90,3 - 0,8 Other 102,5 96,9 gl,l gl,l 0,0 105,4 87,9 82,0 86,9 6,0 Fresh vegetables I 11,0 98,3 100,9 109,0 8,2 103,0 86,9 85,7 90,2 5) Fruits 120,9 g5,l gl,4 103,9 13,7 114,3 85,5 74,9 79,8 6,5 Fresh fruits 121,4 93,4 g6,9 gg,2 14,2 Ir4,4 84,9 73,3 78,6 7,3 Dried fruits 115,0 114,9 143,4 159,9 10,9 107,0 92,5 107,4 109,1 1,6 Wine/must 95,8 87,6 91,4 93,4 14,7 89,0 76,6 75,6 81,6 7,9 Olives and olive oil 124,7 116,3 119,1 133,1 12,7 109,2 92,1 85,2 91,6 7,6 Seeds 98,7 98,1 g5,g 100,3 4,7 96,3 90,8 84,4 83,2 - 1,4 Flowers and plants 106,9 102,3 105,6 105,6 0,0 100,8 98,2 96,7 95,4 - 1,3 Other crop products 97.9 83.9 84.0 87.9 4,7 91,2 78,0 71.9 76.7 6,7 Animals and livestock products 98.7 100.2 99.1 100.3 r,2 93,0 90,2 85,7 84,4 - 1,4 Animals (for slaughter and export) 98,3 100,5 97,0 gg,5 1,6 92,9 90,8 83,6 82,5 - 1,3 Beef animals 96,0 97,3 104,5 105,0 0,5 90,0 88,5 90,0 88,4 - r,7 Calves 95,2 100,4 110,2 110,0 - 0,2 91,2 92,8 94,6 92,9 - 1,8 Pigs 101,3 104,0 g2,g 96,2 4,0 g5,l 94,5 75,6 74,9 - 1,0 Sheep and lambs 97,1 70t,2 107,5 115,0 7,1 93,0 87,7 83,3 84,9 r,9 Poultry 100,0 99,5 102,6 101,0 - 1,5 93,8 89,6 86,5 82,2 - 5,0 Other animals 103,0 97,6 97,4 gg,g 2,5 93,2 85,2 77,1 76,8 - 0,3 Milk 99,1 100,7 702,4 103,9 1,3 g3,l 90,1 89,3 89,0 - 0,3 Eggs 100,5 96,2 102,6 g7,l -5? 94,1 85,0 86,2 80,1 - 7,1 Other livestock production 91,6 94,5 g0,g gg,4 9,3 82,6 79,6 72,7 78,7 8,3 Source: Eurostat. TI82 PRICESAND PRoDUCTIoNCoSTS o\ oo t--. oo tr) \o - ro '.) - ll \ r- F- t-- tr- \o q q.o- o- \ oo- \ €. \ \ - \ €- q - c.) od d ,.i o.i ci -i cd d d od c.i ,ri c.i ,ri i cO - cq Cl c..l öl O - ctt ..) - - O O cO lll tttltttttltll c- oo o ln - oo rn \n * |.) o\ \o rn \o € € F. tn c.r n OO O\ ln O\ c.l f- f- F- O O\ = Q Ct r-- o.'.) S (n O N <. <- $ r-- \O d od od rJ od ./i,ri d d oi,/i J ri d'd O\ € 0O oO @ t-- O\ 0O tr- O\ oO t-- oO F-. 0O € F- F- oO oO OO O\ O\ t.- F- oO t-r OO OO O\ N N tr) - O\ F \O O f- - \O oO O\ \n cO q oo" q \o" a c\ vl a q q \ q j" q o" $ o t-_ ra) öl lr_ I-_ h o\ rar a.l $ \o cö \o co O\ - ln \O oO \O öl O\ öl \O c-l oO cn O oo oo r-- oo @ F- o\ oo \o oo oo \o 00 r-- oo € f- CO OO OO oO O\ O\ tt- OO OO t- OO oO O v1 q q $- \ o- o-,.i c.] \ $- m^ \ v] c! q o- c1 q c"),'). q q o- a q a =q o" v1 cö cO C.l O\ a- öl - - lr) cO \f O\ O OO *f, 8SSS8S3gR88€s;g O\ O\ O\ OO OO O\ O\ O\ OO O\ Or F- Or OO O\ =l- .o" ,ri ,.i \o^ v] { - n q c{ \o^ =q oo- c! q \ q o- oo- q \ $" v] q d) \ c\ q q cn + $ öl N co c-l \o lr- l-- t-* \o co o öl 8e588888833S8SS O\ O\ or. O. O. O. O' O. oO O, O\ € O, O, O. tr oO O - rO - O\ \O tr- t-- O\ C.t f-- O O o \o t-- c{ \o a r0 - ro - o \n ca o\ F- -i c.i oi { öi d d =J: öi J c'i -l -i od .d -l i i c.i ri J J c.i J -i d c.i d J i o'l I ttttl o- c] \o- v) c! \O F \O \n # c.) oO \ q oo" q ro- { o- \ oo- c.l O, O cO F- oO OO c.) O.1 c] l-- S .a ct\ r') t ci oO $ t- - .i öl ct. oi,r; o cd oo + .ri oi .d oi od t.J rJ oi d O oO O, lrl O oo O O F- O O. O O. O\ O\ oO oO O\ t.) O O\ O O 0O OO O\ O\ O\ O\ t tr) O\ O\ OO cO - cO N oO \O t-- sf, cO O c.) \ ,.i c'I rr} a a 1 \O- O- n q oo- q. *^ .o- - *i- \O S F- cO rö O\ \O cO cO cO rr) \O \O O $ - !n - tr) + F* oO O oO cO rO t- - O\ 0O 0O cO O\ OO O O' t'- O\ O\ oO O\ OO O\ O\ oo O\ co O O\ O O € O\ O\ O\ O, Or - F t-- \o $ $ \o t'- - o\ f-- N o\ c.l co o] oo (-- c.) c0 ra) ot\ t-- cO t.- $ oO $ \O O .f, OO !a \9 - - Q oo - oo *f, t= N co v) F \O oo r- o\ co c- F- a- c-t c) or - |ln F- @ c., O. O. O\ .a O' @ O O\ a- ct, ct. @ c|. O\ O\ ^^^^rÄA^^AAAA^^- ä0 () X C) oo^ t/l q. cl oo" ro- - \ o{ \ v1 c"} a c"} .? O\ O\ N OO oO t-- cn \O \O - Or rO O\ t-- O' .d .d FJ d rj \d ,.i c.i d -l i ,.i rJ od ri a o. o. o' - 6 o 6 o, o, o. q) 858F888r58853äa 6 o 9 I I .-I E .-F- c) 9 a: L ar Ft aa; L rr'l rrl rrl q) I- -a- v a L a A. Fl 6=TEtrc\ ä i äE so E ä - *"8 i:r-F r i( **E ä:t-F ü n ot) - gEä€ägE*E€EäErEi EE:€.ägE*EEEäErg ca U gAääFEIiS.:i.EEääS i FÄgä,FÄgE-:8.88ääS PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS T/83 tr) 1 \o- O^ \o- \ c\ O- *- - \o- q 0o- n" ol oo. t-- -O*Nrr)al*Oco-O\O tltttttl (") F- \n \n lr) O\ n Fr \ (-- oO |r) (\.l l-- \O 0O c! rif { oi oi Fi od d vi Fi .rt { ./i c.i \d J öi + 00 oo t-- F- oo oo oo o\ € r- oo oo t-- oo € o\ oo €. oo- o- q q 1 d] \ €- - vl \ \o- q \o- vl ca co O O !n $ c.l \O t'-. oo c.) lr) € F- O t co oo oo oo oo € € oo o\ oo t'- 0|o 0|o \o oo oo o\ € \o- q oo- c! c] c\ o^ q. oo- q - v] q q q n" oo C..t C-l O cn cO € * O\ öl N C..l cO gr rg - oo oo O\ O\ O\ O\ OO OO O\ OO OO O\ O\ tt* OO OO O\ @ v] - öl * O\ oO cq * oO \O oO - O @ o.l oO la) od.d 'd J + Fl cd c.i oi d rJ Fj c.i d c.; O\ o\. O\ O O\ O\ o|. O oO O O\ OO O, O\ O. .o^ \o^ q o" oo" v] \ ro- o- n" q $- d] q \ c.) ci - N co o o o ci - s o c..l o co o v -F - | | | co oO f- \O C..l cq - C\ cq oO - öl öl \O * C'l $ rn # cO O\ OO \O \O \n \ OO O\ \O tr- \O O\ oO O\ rÖ O co O O oO O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O =q c.l o- \ o" o" \ \ q v1 1 oo- ctl c.l v} n c.l t*- - :f O rn 0o oo n C\l \O - f- oO \O $'a) (-- O\ oO O\ ca O\ oO O O OO O\ O\ oO O\ O\ O c1 to" o- o- 1 q q q -t- \ \ q o-,ri v1 q. C.l oo l-- F-. t-- o. .. N O O C- oO O. O. I € O oo O, O\ O N O. O. O O oo O. O. oO O. O\ O \ c.l ln s F- n $ cq N $ r-- $ !n oo \o co CT - cO oN - O O c,., O\ c.l .f, O \O \O oo O\ AAÄ^IAAAA^AAA :S ü& )J strI.] JgEE bljd9; EEgO-EF I ä"I iEt-,F ü rr'l '. 3.F! s,F y= E{ E f"E 9op v s äÄ;=FE!E:!.gEEEE q TI84 PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS 9fl \n oo rn $ O\ $ oo O t*- € O o.f ca q O\ E; i i c.i c"i ri c.i c.i lr) J Ä ä c.i . d d oCQ ts "i I aO }:a- EÖä: cn c1 \o^O-q\('1 O"\Öl-i\o^q\_\f"c? *a c.i -+ C.l öl \O C-t -f, \O $ C.l O + C{ \O co I ö* Frl tl -bo - :tr E *ö L g dra - c! L \o^ v? v? v? oq q ct ra oo- O",rl q a \ a \ - - - \ö * CO CO öi - t Crt O - I c.i N -l - -t .-9 L o0 R L -.- \o^ eri \o- \ a o{ c{ c1 \ c? O- q 9^ \ \ (n öiöc.i ooo,-ioocoooo- q) L I () .- >r L g o0 L q) I L a q *i o- \o- c.t q -i q c? -i c.{ n) \ a v , c.i S ca O J \n O c\l co t O \n c.l aL tr - G (J a6 U) q) (.) \o"\-io^c.loo"\c?o^aaclc?e.a L ö0 -iöc.;OcOC.lOOcAc.)$r-{C{$\n cl C..l F.r -r ! \a q) q) -A E. v s I 6g $co\o$$oo $^qo^c{qqqc'}o" c.i d c.i d \d c.i !-r\n-f,c{c{scac'^)oo .(t) Ft öl rFl- +)) a E ci ,ri oo" cr) c! o{ ct q v? L q q O^ a \ _to^ ^-t" * -; c"i .j J tn * F ca t O O c{ .:7 ö rE = (a c) I .I L a L q) c{ o^ v? q \o^ q \o^ ={ o" FI \ a \ \ \ ? F- ö ö c.i r; c-i O O \n O -r ca \n O O ca !a (n- -A I CE (n C-l CH F-) F) q) rr'l r r'l ä0 s E c! ,h el - h I CH q *)c) c! t- L - la c! E !t jgE!s - 'FU6 a ai AOCüdv /t 6=99Fbo II \s s. I cEb(1=.= \,) \J b-v9aEtiiv ., =q ;Ä + F Ä s,F e E € P SE &E cl Nts !,=o€'F H-E.: i€835 F= .\S ca vqJ 3AÄE: ,ä,EgE-i2,8sää5 PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS T/85 co \n q oo-r \n öl tl I $ oo" \ .t l- \O- $ o^ oo^ \o" vl c? \OO$O\$ca$t-: co ca CJCOOOH t **l ".i.1+ic.idc.iil-l oqoqc?\o^\,ri\-iq-io{??oln \O C.i tr- S \r) =J \O C-l Fr t-- C.l O O C.l .f, I I I I tTr lllll I q \o-vlna-iv1 u?-ia\O"oo^9ol\ \O^ r-'r $ cri i C{ \O t-- t-- J OO \n \n Fr t-- O C.l $ I rlllllllllll I q \ c{,q\o^\v1 n^\o{\o-\ n^'rlo*q\ c! Fr+-rO*OAcAor\C-t ocaca,-io c-l llc{rl llll oo^ o- \o. t*- \n C..l ttN öl $^,rIan"c?qq'q\o"v?!1 o^_q'r? co -, c.i C.i cA C.l öl r-i * CO -r O O t-< O Fr ttt-lllllll o^-i=q\n"oo^qoo^\o-\qqc\qoe co\ncoFrocar-ro:f,c\ocoFrFlFi I ttl-llllllll I [n o.l rr'l r r'l a:- € v E ns .\fa ^ .S\ ä0(t E€ (.) g 90FöO r.r-tr a h=-P Fq9 r v AE€gE frl Ar s: '60Fr-rFFd:Äcü'ä * EE F.F Ebi=xEi5EOo')'= E d € n E"E LO^ U) üv i e s 3 2,ö g a ä 5 q T/86 PRICES AND PRoDUCTIoN CoSTS öC *v q' cO O\ c-l oO t-- O\ öl t-- \f oO {n a! {n r|/) 0O t-- F- !n$o c.] oo öl Oc-l\O O\O\O\ $cot'- \nOO\ -oOO Olt-41 ao O c.) co" v? o" JJi ic.ic.i doiod ,.iodri oi'drd dodoi ,.i oi c.i $.i\O )4 c.lNöi ölö.1 öl coNc-l ölölöl *\f+ C..1-- $cnS c.l ö.1 a.l ps \O tr_Oöl o.\COC_ OOI-_oO rneöl -\Ot-- v] qo-- oqql \o-c.)\ qo^q :nl cq |r)-O rO*- $OO\ *|/.)rn cO-O ö.1 ci ei öl c.l c.l a.l öl Öl - Öl - - co Ö.1 Öl @ooco *ooo O\ tt- C] Osf,tn oo-qq \\o-q. \\o-- n"qq ö.1 t-- oo co oo o\ O,$oo \n-S $coco Scoca ö.1 öl F a.l öl c.l nO,$ O\\OoO O\$S c{a'q aoo"c.l d}\q. .Olr)oO F-$- O\O€ o\ \o tÖ oo a- tr- $ c.) .o öl $ c-l Oo'r)ci F--C \Oc.lva rO-rO -t*-$ O\cqt.) COCI\O cat-O\ -$qo \OO\cn *tO vlvln" v}v}1 (.1 Öl\ oo"qo" o-.{\ oo-oo-\o" o^cro-a olv}q oo.q\ \v}c{ \d}q t--\Otrl O\O\F t--O\t-- Cj\n$ F-\Ot-- oooooo OOO ölölC.l oO99 ON$ $'.1 \9 * cn co a] c\t c..t öl ö.1 ö] $ $ s a- lr- tr- .o co co t--O |r)ooo\ F-Ftr) \O\Oci cO\Oh (-lf--* tr)f-\n \n \o e..l N\OO t-N* -ON coooci ooötoo oo\Or= co$t'- ö] \o * od ri ,.i od oi .d ..i c.i od c.i cd { ,ri .d ,ri öi c.i c.i c.i J öi \d od od c'l O.l - öl ö.1 öi öl öl öl cq co c.) ln tr) ln öt öl öl o9\o €q9* Noora \olnN $-$ O\'aoO €\Ö$ OcOoO $O$ oOO\- O\O\cO \O-t- qo-q \o"oo" qc),") qclq clo""1 \o-.1 \o- qq\o- dlqq oo-\q \qv] o--o" 1qq o\o\t-- \oF-o.t *ot= 0o_o t*_o\o oo\o\o \o$cq tt-*f,.f, C)r-\o t=o\c.l r)tF- F-Sco Nö.1 öl c-löl- -ölöl rntrlS Öl a.l c-.1 c-l C..1 a-l co Öl oi s - ra) \o tn n c{ c..l ol tr)|r) " \Otr)@ F-O\ca \OoOO .!$- ooo ooo\.o F-$\n oroo- ro-$ ,ri,.i -jdJ ,.i+{ -d.rt.d +rJoi ölölöl c.lalN öl c..lc.l tr)$s co .. .. '. . .. ,. .. oi\ CO \O - oO l-- O tlo oO * O cO \O \O O\ O\ Cl -Ct\ " cOF- " t- o\ r- ci co oo \o \o t-- oo c..l v. F- a.l t-- o\ tlÖ MA q \o. ioi c.i-l +c"i .i+ JdJ -i*l -lci ii --^t- \Olr) öi - c.l ö] öl c..l öl (.i öl N ol (..l ö.1 öi \nn \O\O N oi O-- ncqn coNf-. €$\O co-öl ooöl \Of=|r) \OO$ NcnF.- ool--lr) $F-oo O\Oa] co-O\ \OIOO O\oor.) .o"Q- .o"-9 c'lc{a nqoo- v}-q n^.{a \o-qn^ o-qq \o-q O\O\0O l--C-oO $coöl O-- $*d t--@oo oo0ooo ca-O oScQQ öl öl öl c.l öl c-l c.l N öl c-l a-l N öl ö.1 öl co co cO \O \O \O r rrrr rrrrrr rr rrrrrrrr vvvvvv vvvv NNA $oO$ r.)\O.-) oOO\r.) -$öl $ca- $t--\O -\OOO OcaOO c.rOOF- OOS ioboö ta) \Ooori .on$, Q-rl n cn s öl ö.1 oi. O. \O \O r- ca €O\oO $-O $€S \Or.)$ -\Oc.l OF.-n Oöi- oo|r)cn $ .-r ca .O \O \O Oöcr\ caco- t--\OO \Or-- oO-- OO-Or nco(-- ocoo\ t'-cÖo -Q- ."i oo" q i-J ö av]\O- oo-\a c'l vl 1 o".q { \: \ o- .1. FJ ,.i O\ o.\ o.\ oO $ c.) ooo\ .oln\f, oloci ooo tr)lr)lr) ö.1 c-l F (n rr) !n \O F- tt- co c') ca 9,t 00 -OO lr)caca .9 -ö \nF-- cOO\# \OOtr) cO$oO O\c.)@ cO\O* l--oOt-- F-\O\f, oO$CJ O.it öo oo" q o- F-oO\n or\o\\\ F-n\n \OF-\n Oi cOF t--t--öl \OO\O O-\ra OO-Or tr-\OO\ t--oO\O ..i{d öic.id ic.i.i ri.ri+ .ri,ri.i .dc.i+ {+c.i ododod Joi6 .dod'i c'iJoi öl*- öl ölö.t NNö.I c_.{c\öt $$+ ö] ötc\t ölötöl ölNöt tr)$t+ \O\O\O ciciöl F C..lco* cicn$ c.lcos ^^^Ncos Ncarf, c{ca$ A^AA^^^Ä^ ÄÄA^^^A^^ äo O s -q X f:- o €;.=- bo o = r^ c) - €bäf E Ea : I E P-s u .- e' ä ä;: L- ! ä s,g: E E€ Ea ü ! ggg rl $ € J r., i-E k E. sg c:ä ä a F I - tä.S $ *: tr :s-' x ö # e g-: gEüE E s E,q äE rä: äääö aä F.g *Eää A v? iÄ ö E Ä SäE 5c 5Ä Ä5s ä Ä n ll ca PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS TI81 $NCn O\O\trt oo \n \olv) \a$" F cn c.) +O\oo scoco c-\o!n OO O\ cö co\oN --- \o \o t*- oi al a.l $oc.) -ON .ri c.i c.i co co ca r-.OO \tF-$ { ,ri vi öl öl c-l t-- OO öl $tr* vlö{1 c{\q cnt--$ co öl c.l I-- I.) c'.1 co öl c.t oO oO F- lr)tr)tr) " t-- +cd ll.$c.l o\ooo tr)c{\n O (-.1 .i O\-lr) O C.l oO öiJi N C-.t C-.1 c.l öl ö] c.] oo o t-- $ ci F- o .f, oo- \o^ '.1 00- c1 00- c.i vl oo- FOf-- *-r.n O\*\O C.i + \o öl co c.l \o \o rar +*tr) cOO\- O\ \O c.l @€- vi c! oo" \\a Joid \t** O\ O\ OO N-öl t-- t-- a- öt N c...1 O\co' öloo " q.\o- \q ' Nco -Orst O\Ot\ -lr)t- -\n\O \OO\Ol $lr)\O \O\O+ ciO\O oo- oo" Otr-C-l q q.o" q oo" \ n^ ,ri c.i d öi od oi \d c"i c.i öl oO tt- O\ or\ rr) Ot O. - cocöco öl-- F-F \o\n\n c{Nöl EEJL € cöOOf- \O0O\t ub -co qo-q q\\o- O.o Or-Or O\OO\ NO =U co ao -o.1 - -C]- .A F OCO : qEs ooca- aoa 9P d?=:EUo E ri r"1 q- - - o o{.)c) h*öö!^:u ; ;.9 Lhk 9!! a-= = E E =ZZE Lac.tr 5ää !. öo ao ?' öo \--a^F Eq\ i H;- =x9,9 '=3- = = = EääEgeF : g:- trt-- E t I9., ^"tü tr ö d oT a- o fAV9*--a 9 - :* ;T ().i ;- g;: i:Q *E_ !:=\LILIL: S ()O o,)tr- ()Y' ,- Frr.rl-= .!o. bo ü E E = :.sör .s: .- g t C) z.z" ä x'i'i a= ,ii ä ä äd ö ö r SEY Ex Ex ! I .9U :::zzr ü E2 E2 ,!.2 ,i & n f'F ,. - - - /,= = = ll t 8888::,fl O rrl 3 ECECCCC T/88 PRICES AND PRODUCTIoN CoSTS 3.3.6 Agricultural wages, input prices (r) and producer prices (excluding VAT) (1990=100) Vc TAY 1991 t992 l 993 t994 1993 | t994 1994 I- 1990 | t990 Tgt I 2 J 4 5 6 7 8 Farm wages EUR I5 X X X Belgique/Belgiö 103,2 107,3 ll,4 113,6 3,7 3,3 2,0 Danmark 104,8 108,1 10,6 114,0 3,4 3,3 3,1 BR Deutschland m 104,3 109,1 12,7 116,0 4,1 3,8 2,9 Elläda 114,7 I29,1 33,4 142,8 10,1 9,3 7,1 Espafla 109,2 I19,9 26,6 134,2 8,2 7,6 6,0 France (a) 104,9 109,0 11,8 774,2* 3,8 3,4 2,2 Ireland r03,2 107,1 11,0 114,9 3,5 3,5 3,5 Italia 106,7 117,6 23,7 123,9 7,3 5,5 0,2 Luxembourg 105,3 116,2 23,8 130,1 7,4 6,8 5,1 Nederland 105,9 113,2 14,2 109,7 4,5 2,3 - 3,9 Österreich : Portugal : : : Suomi/Finland 106,7 105,5 04,0 r04,4 1,3 1,1 0,4 Sverige r05,7 109,6 07,3 109,1 2,3 2,2 1,7 United Kingdom 109,5 r13,4 17,0 120,1 5,4 4,7 2,7 EUR 12 x x X Inputs (2) EUR l5 102,4 103,8 105,6 106,3 1,9 1,6 0,7 Belgique/Belgiö 100,2 99,9 98,8 98,5 - 0,4 - 0,4 - 0,3 Danmark 94,9 94,0 93,6 9r,4 * 2,1 - 2,2 - 2,4 BR Deutschland r02,2 104,1 02,4 03,4 0,8 0,9 1,0 Elläda 125,1 143,2 60,8 71,3 20,3 17,8 6,6 Espafla 102,0 101,9 04,6 07,1 1,5 1,8 2,4 France (a) 100,8 100,5 00,3 00,1 0,1 0,0 * 0,2 Ireland 100,4 100,3 00,3 01,2 0,1 0,3 0,9 Italia 101,9 103,7 11,7 13,0 3,9 3,3 1,2 Luxembourg 103,5 103,4 02,8 02,7 0,9 0,7 - 0,1 Nederland 100,6 101,9 99,7 98,8 - 0,1 - 0,3 - 0,9 Österreich 102,0 103,4 04,4 02,0 1,5 0,5 - 2,3 Portugal 104,5 106,5 05,3 06,1 1,8 1,5 0,8 Suomi/Finland 105,5 107,9 09,4 05,4 3,1 1,4 - 3,7 Sverige 104,3 103,9 03,4 05,4 1,1 1,4 1,9 United Kingdom 103,6 106,9 11,9 I 1,8 4,0 3,0 - 0,1 EUR 12 102,3 103,9 105,6 106,4 1,9 1,6 0,8 PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS T/89 3.3.6 (cont.) o/a TAY l99r 1992 1993 1994 1993 1994 1994 I 990 1990 l993 I 2 -t 4 5 6 8 Producer prices (3) EUR 15 r02,7 98,2 97,2 101,0 - 0,9 0,3 3,9 Belgique/Belgiö 101,2 97,6 91,0 94,3 - 3,0 - 1,4 3,6 Danmark 98,5 97,0 84,7 85,8 - 5,1 - 3,5 1,4 BR Deutschland 99,4 97,0 90,0 91,7 - 3,4 - 2,1 2,0 Elläda 121,7 l2g,r 135,0 153,6 ll,7 13,4 13,9 Espafla 100,5 93,4 98,7 r09,2 - 0,4 2,3 10,6 France (a) 100,4 92,9 88,7 88,3 - 3,8 -29 - 0,5 Ireland 96,3 97,8 104,3 105,6 1,4 1,4 1,3 Italia 109,2 100,4 102,5 106,2 0,8 1,5 3,6 Luxembourg 92,4 87,7 86,1 85,3 , 4,6 - 3,7 - 1,0 Nederland 104,7 gg,7 91,8 95,8 - 2,7 - 1,0 4,4 Österreich 100,4 gg,4 97,2 gg,1 - 0,9 - 0,5 0,9 Portugal 96,5 89,0 gg,2 99,2 - 3,9 - 0,2 12,4 Suomi/Finland 96,8 96,5 96,5 96,2 - 1,2 - 1,0 * 0,3 Sverige 98,6 96,5 94,4 97,6 - 1,9 - 0,6 3,4 United Kingdom 99,3 100,9 105,4 106,1 1,8 1,5 0,7 EUR I2 102,9 98,2 97,2 r01,2 - 0,9 0,3 4,1 'Producer 'Fm .toüEei Eurosht ('Prche price of inputs' md prices for agricultural prcducb' üe hmonized indices, where$ wages' remain hetercgeneous national indices) (l) The EU index of fam input prices is a Leperres index, whereas the deflakd price series (s€e Table 3.1.8) is a Paasche index. The dircrcpmcies b€twen the figurcs in the two tables re mainly a mafter of the differing ind€x fomule. (2) Indices of the prices of g@ds md services of curent agriculoml consumption. (r) Annual indi@s include fruit md vegehbl€s. (a) Soarcer SCEES. TI9O PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS 3.3.7 ßU price indices for feedingstuffs, fertilizers and soil improvernent, fuels and lubricants, and investrnentsin rnachinery (excludingVAT) ,eeo=t,) Vo TAY l99l r992 I 993 1994 1994 1994 -tgg3 r 990 5 6 1 1 2 J 4 Feedingstuffs 0,3 -l) EUR 15 100,0 100,7 102,2 101.0 05, -1') - 2,1 Belgique/Belgiö 99,2 99,8 97,3 _2,) - 3,9 Danmark 93,1 92,2 90,8 87,3 a1 _<) BR Deutschland 98,l 99,6 96,1 91,1 155,0 13,9 8,3 Elläda t20,4 t26,8 143,1 101,7 0,4 1,2 Espafra 99,5 98,1 100,5 - aa 98,4 99,8 98,5 96,3 0,9 France -0,4 0,7 Ireland 97,1 97,1 97,7 98,3 0,3 102,0 102,2 I11,0 111,3 2,8 Italia -2,0 - 4,4 98,4 91,6 96,4 92,2 Luxembourg - _?R 99,1 101,0 95,4 92,7 1,8 Nederland - -57 101,1 99,1 99,8 94,1 1,5 Östeneich 2,6 101,1 98,7 100,4 103,0 0,8 Portugal - 97,2 - 0,7 0,6 Suomi/Finland 104,3 100,5 97,8 aa -15 Sverige 97,7 96,9 94,7 91,4 )1 -2.9 United Kingdom 101,7 104.7 112.3 109,0 - 1.2 99,9 100,8 1o2.4 101,2 0,3 Fertilizers and soil improvement - 0,4 )5 EUR I5 102,5 100,2 96,r 98,4 - 4,5 - 5,0 Belgique/Belgiö 99,7 91,8 86,2 81,9 - 1,8 1,8 Danmark 101,3 93,2 91,2 92,9 - 1,3 0,4 BR Deutschland 103,6 98,9 94,5 94,8 t92,5 23,1 12,5 Elläda 131,0 17r,1 17t,l o,4 7,0 Espafra 102,4 98,4 94,8 101.4 qr5 - 1,7 0,8 France 100,2 96,6 93,2 - 1,1 0,6 Ireland 102,2 100,6 94,9 95,5 15 9,6 99,1 101,3 103,8 I 13,8 Italia - 2,0 r06,3 99,6 94,3 96,2 0,9 Luxembourg -2,O 1,8 Nederland 103,3 96,3 90,3 91,9 - 5,1 -20,0 Österreich 102,8 105,4 99,4 79,5 - 2,0 -2,O Portugal 108,0 111,5 94,0 92,7 115,5 3,9 - 1\) Suomi/Finland 123,0 137,3 136,1 84,0 - 4,0 4,1 Sverige 111,3 98,8 80,7 _) a 5,8 United Kingdom 96,6 91,0 85.7 90.7 - 0,3 3,6 EUR 12 101.8 99,2 95,3 98,7 Fuel and lubricants 3.8 -0.2 EUR 15 106,2 107.1 115.3 1t5.1 - 1,5 96,1 90,2 96,6 98,1 0,5 Belgique/Belgiö -2,6 - 3,0 Danmark 99,2 93,2 92,2 89,5 11 BR Deutschland to7,4 106,7 107,3 110,8 28,s )a Elläda 139,6 171,8 209,1 2r3,8 4,1 - 3,1 Espafla 108,3 I 13,3 122,6 I 18,8 - 1,7 -2,0 France 100,6 94,2 94,9 93,1 - 1.1 - LtL 101,8 95,9 98,3 96,1 1,0 Ireland -0,2 726,4 6,6 Italia 98,8 102,4 126,6 - 1,1 -)5 Luxembourg 99,7 9s,9 98,3 95,8 - _)1 100,9 97,6 96,9 94,4 7,4 Nederland 1,5 101,4 101,7 103,2 104,7 1,2 Österreich 4) - I,l Portugal 114,4 111,9 118,0 116,7 4,3 - 6,2 Suomi/Finland 102,9 107,3 124,9 111,1 120,5 5,1 )) Sverige 103,8 103,5 111,9 2,7 - 0,9 United Kingdom 104,3 106,0 109,2 108,2 -0.2 106,5 108.0 115.6 I 15,4 3,9 PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS TI91 3.3.7 (cont. ) 1994 1g% Investment in machinery 2,9 Belgique/Belgiö 104,2 106,6 111,9 114,0 15 1,9 Danmark 102,0 103,1 105,1 105,2 1,3 0,1 BR Deutschland 104,2 108,8 112,0 I 13,3 a- 1,2 Elläda 110,9 123,4 144,1 155,0 13,8 7,6 Espafla 92,1 92,0 92,3 97,3 - 0,7 5,4 France 103,6 106,6 109,I 1l1,6 2,9 )) Ireland 102,r 103,1 105,2 109,2 )1 3,8 Italia 104,8 111,3 I 18,3 122,7 Luxembourg 103,8 106,8 111,6 113,9 15 2,1 Nederland 105,9 107,7 109,0 r09,2 )2, 0,2 Österreich 104,2 108,4 ttz,o 113,6 3,4 1,4 Portugal 105,1 120,7 r25,2 138,7 9,7 10,8 Suomi/Finland 102,7 104,4 108,1 111,9 3,0 15 Sverige 105,4 106,9 t14,3 120,7 5,0 5,1 United Kingdom 105,6 109,7 t14,4 t17,4 4.4 2,6 2,9 Investment in structural work EUR 15 3,4 Belgique/Belgiö 100,7 103,4 r05,4 108,2 2,7 )1 Danmark 104,3 107,0 109,3 111,5 2,9 2,r BR Deutschland 106,9 113,2 117,3 119,8 5,0 2,1 Elläda 123,5 137,1 155,0 167,3 16,8 7,9 Espafra 107,8 110,7 117,l 122,2 5,6 4,4 France 102,7 705,4 107,7 108,7 )', 0,9 Ireland 102,7 r07,3 I I1,1 115,0 3,8 3,4 Italia 108,3 113,6 I17,0 lzl,o 5i 35 Luxembourg 104,0 110,2 112,1 112,3 3,1 0,1 Nederland 105,9 113,1 115,8 777,1 4,3 I,l Österreich 106,1 110,0 174,0 117,0 4,3 2,6 Portugal 100,0 169,1 169,1 169,1 17,3 0,0 Suomi/Finland 101,6 98,8 98,6 101,1 0,3 )< Sverige 109,5 1o9,9 110,9 114,9 1- 3,6 United Kingdom 106.6 r08,8 112,1 116,8 4) 4,2 EUR 12 3,4 Source.' Eurostat. TI92 PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS "@" \q oo^ q rc- otc't öl\XXXXclXX XXXX € NO O + c.) \o t-- ca$ r- c'l älä llll I I I CJ ! oo€oo\-@ ac-€€ F vvvvvv vvvv ci ln [n \AA qo- t-- vv\ v v v m^q o" c{ c{ s $ lo\ XX qoo- ^ o\ | t*- t-- tf) cO \n\o oo cn öl ÖlN ,r;,ri./i + o $ " € s OO\n=e3€s € cn O\ Ot--5s -OO 5r " O\K e C..1 O\ \O rn * cq \n O Öl O\ C'l *tH*Fi[n co rn XilKF$Hfr SPg: KFR N BHSF #O\ rar r.n # -\l,) O\Cl cAÖl t OO* Öl ScOca\n F.r - - - \O -rc-l p U rrl oPa " rr)OO\ C..l \OO\ \n t= öl oo\n O€ 9$ O\ Q $ S ^ oo öi \o o\ a s eT\8ü Sil fl53R;S$S8 + O\crtNOO -O\ \O $ Fi -\n :cQ cQÖi $ $ O F-q-! cA $caca$ ä * - * tic{ r * f\ bo : öö ^ ca) ä$h$ Jt g$=HF€$En ä RSä$ 5 *O\ \O \n ölln $Cr) cAN $ S r, F-O\ t.r ln$$.S - - - * ln -* e (,),; äI E E ,-2 E ,a o -a tsA Lv alg ts: €^-LÖ, ö.1 ZE-= ;E EE ,r .9 ölr vlo a dl EEEE -E EEE:EElEEsEEEE A c.) !^E P LL E E€EE 'eEt /r L *-EEEäääEää*::ssE,ggE€ L! E 5EP3:P.äiEgEüEFFEg€ E AP t 'E - $gFSSSllSll$ES5'SEg F 5'FFF +r - og b0 - -E - ! 'üön 6ü . q € L- . E EF r €- 9üR äe - (!=e o-; E _.:_v!u - 3€ 9 E;d EE .l !r ä0 *3:; !; EE c! E9:,ä €P Fg €H E'Eö'7;iä :?=_o q) F#:;9 - E; IE E g € .a h p A- - d.9 -- X"-ä3gE=-q.^2=_rF €- E 9E {oä!-: o - :.q) 6- ig*==95 Sf : ,l( i = b; H s? = öst ö E:-- f n E.-.-€ lr bo F E €:-^-- E:;:ei=E eFZr' !r *:- q ä=:-;; e E CEE i üsg;tEbSSEEii B-EäE d ia€E €es-:䀀t Tu:><)at! =gäEfrääü;;Ä oq .E t S EÄEE H E;EE HäFtrE'5#ä: t^^^^^^^ X-crr,rnortiS-d-. n g '--v ea Agaä ,g S 3=32,E&ääSltl PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS TI93 3.3.9 Rents for agricultural land Ratio rent/ ECU/ha (') 7a TAY 1real.11r; market value 1994 1994 Vo 1991 1992 I 993 1994 tgTg tg% 1994 2 -1 4 5 6 7 8 Belgique/Belgiö Arable land r4l,5l 146,37 155,25 160,73 - 1,3 - 0,9 1,32 Meadow 137,22 140,36 149,04 156,85 - 1,3 0,J 1,57 Danmark Agricultural land 244,7| 241,39 238,62 - 0,6 - 3,7 3,91 BR Deutschland (3) (4) Total rents 201,24 : 239,62 : - 0,1(e) X X New rents 238,45 219,48 X X x Elläda (s) 393,55 389,1g 445,06 423,57 -7) - 8,0 3,05 Arable land Espafla : France (6) Arable land 106,12 110,09 ll5,ll : - 1,6(e) X 3,78(e) Luxembourg Agricultural land 136,65 144,13 142,32 148,01 - 1,0 - 0,3 0,25 Nederland (7) Arable land 253,14 259,36 266,64 284,95 - 0,3 3,1 1,42(e) Meadow 214,19 2ll,0l 255,15 254,83 0,5 - 3,6 1,20e) Osterreich . Portugal : : : : : : Suomi/Finland Agricultural land 181,72 151,37 136,79 151,35 X 1,2 5,61 Sverige Agricultural land : 85,29 90,69 X 4,5 X United Kingdom (8): - England 142,31 135,89 129,31 131,46* 0,3 - 1,3 2,64(e) - Wales ll,4l 76,07 74,53 79,91* 0,8 4,1 2,og(e) - Scotland 97,69 92,02 87,23 95,37* 0.7 6,1 2,gg(e) Soun'e: Eurostat. (l) Converted at current exchange rates. (2) In national currencies, deflated (GDP deflator). (r) Biannual surveys. (a) Data for the Federal Republic of Germany, including West Berlin, as constituted prior to 3 October 1990. (s) Most of this land is inigated. (o) Series based on surveys in 1969, 1980 and 1992, updated using the rent index for wheat production. (7) Weighted by area across agricultural regions. (ü) Prices for all kinds of land. Aericultural land. (e) 1993. TI94 PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS sls oo- \O. ,ri O^ q + $ \O c'l \n oo t-- F l le c\ C-l coFsc\$+-ld s I I tlllll I s f- \n c.) oo^-iqn"n"n"q =q a? - c.i t*- o\ o\ sEx*xsx I 88 o\ cn v1 c{ c{ F- -ioo"qo^,rlqq o{ \o^? f- c-l . :rl E8 so\ q) c.l c?c?\\\-ioo^ c? $ c.) oo a_to" co ,i \,2) ,rio\!o!o8ä5 t-- o\@o\o\_r 5 8e co l- \o.vlv?o{qo{\ F- I aa o\ odo od c- F*o\agse O\O\O\O*_ g 3e o\ co tr- Fi OO C.l \n @ öl O\ O\ \O \O qn^ F ä -i d c.i d -'l -i c"i c'i -'i ca) C'l c.) \a lä rll "d s ca ol o- A ct^l 'rI c{-i ral an"-iqolo^q. \o r- \NO 88!8S5= F := Fr öl \i-l-FlFi-tsF F oo co q tr- s t-- c{\c?aototoo^ !{f" t-- .ri '-.i I'-- ri \o r-< öl o-\ \o q\ q' ca c'i \j c.) Oöo-jö,-.rÖÖ,-'rOO .9- F () ':E= x rl o trc a 9) c.l o.3 rn oo^ q !t z Ä ca oo v1 c.} \o{1\c{ o. - ca ti A- \n ca t-- F 8858888 : 88 r< I \-.i r-i Fl r-l Fl rl tl F< Fl a!- cl Lr -!a *. r\ -- $ c1 c{c{v1 c] ) N ao^\o^-i-i? I c-.1 \n cO t-- .l ca =sss888vv\vv-F-Ft-'lFl I 58 ti ä0 6€ CH a I q) I .-l li L q -O c!5 .n q) .:9 cn ()=ü() c! -ädx -I FYa 9 rrää L v -t 9ü 4o a .=öE6.=.= c+r €ä ?€ Eq q ß, b ö i e g ä a € €"^E g € €s : I :\ FEF;E HäEu F\ q) s:€E EF . L ss? a F S,^ P h I fiE;üEüE:3 i=Fp F€F E:: H ä e E FF F5b ä $iSrFi EE r r-l ESE :€*säiFstrsE#F Ss! HHE l{' 4 ii'; =tEäEEE,.i:E I Eää -L { g5fiEÄ5-äSESüES q c.l I Ä isö PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS TI95 3.3.11 value-added tax (vAT) rates: producer prices (t) at I January 1995 (vo) Scheme Normal Flat-rate (2) 2 3 4 Belgique/Belgiö Most products (excl. flowers) 6,0 6,0 Flowers 20,5 20,s (3) Danmark All products 25,O BR Deutschland Most products 7,0 9,0 Wine must, beverages. services 15,0 15,0 Elläda All products 8,0 8,0 Espafra Products used for human and animal feed, excluding wine: - Not processed on the holding 1,0 4,0 - Processed on the holdins 4,0 4,0 Wine 15,0 All products not used for human or animal consumption: - Not processed on the hotding 15,0 4,0 - Processed on the holding r5,0 France All plant products except wine and horticultural products 55 3,05 Wine 18,6 Horticultural products r 8,6 3,05 All livestock products except animals for meat 3,05 Animals for meat 4,0 Products sold through a producers' group: - fruit, vegetables and wine 4,0 - pigs, eggs and poultry 4,0 Ireland Horses, live cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and cervidae )< ')< Other livestock including poultry and fish, carcasses, raw wool, horsehair, bristles, feathers, hides and skins non-edible horticultural produce 21,0 )\ Other agricultural products excluding live animals 0,0 )5 ltalia Cereals, paddy rice, fresh and dried vegetables, potatoes, fresh and dried fruit, oilseeds for edible oil, olive oil butter. cheese 4,0 4,0 Wine and wine must 16,0 9,0- 4,0 m Eggs 10,0 9,0 Cattle 16,0 9,0 Pigs 16,0 9,0 Raw milk 19,0 9,0 All other products 19,0 4,0 Luxembourg Most products and services 8,0 8,0 Wine and must l2,o l2,o Nederland Most products 6,0 5,932 Österreich Most products 10,0 Wine 12,0 Portugal Fresh vegetables, fresh fruit 5,0 Ordinary table wine 5,0 Flowers 17,0 Dried fruit, honey, table wines 17,O All other agricultural products 0,0 Suomi/Finland All products t],o Sverige Products used for human consumption 21.0 Animals, milk, cereals 25,0 United Kingdom Products generally used for human and animal consumption (including seeds, seedlings and animals) 0,0 4,0 Other products and services 17,5 4,0 Soürcei Eurcstat, (r) The figures @ for agdculture in the srict snse, excluding forcsry. The most impofrmt prcducts re given only s €xmples. ('z) The flaFraE schemes applicable b agricultw re all designed b offst on a gene;al sal;-rchred basis oe vei paia on iurchases of agriculturat inpub. (r) vAT on floweß sold by auction is invoicd at 19,5%. crowers covered by the flat-nte sheme Meive only the nomal flat-nb of 6 %, the ;emaining l i5 % being payable to the central tu authority by the purchaser. T196 PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS 3.3.12 Value-added tax (VAT) rates: input prices at I January 1995 Belgique/Belgiö Purchase and tenancy of land (') Animal feedingstuffs, seeds, fertilizers, liming, agricultural services, veterinary services 6,0 Coal (solid fuel) 12,0 Construction and maintenance of farm buildings 20,5 Farm equipment, pesticides 20,5 Road diesel fuel, petrol, liquefied petroleum gas for non-agricultural purposes 20,5 Diesel fuel for agricultural purposes, light fuel oil, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, electricity 20,5 Danmark Purchaseof land and buildings 0,0 All products 25,0 (r) BR Deutschland Purchase of farmland Inputs of agricultural origin (animal feedingstuffs, seeds and propagating material, breeding stock) 7,0 Inputs of industrial origin (fertilizers, pesticides, fuel and power, buildings and machinery, building materials and accessories),non-agricultural services 15,0 Purchase and tenancy of land, manual workers' wages, insurance premiums 0,0 Seed animal feedingstuffs, breeding stock, fertllizers, pesticides, phytopharmaceutical products 8,0 Most farm equipment, maintenanceand repair of machinery, installations and buildings, electricity, lubricants, liquefied gases, asbestoscement piping, wire fencing 18,0 Motor fuels 18,0 Espafla Purchase and tenancy of agricultural land (,) Inputs of agricultural origin: medicines 7,0 Inputs of industrial origin 16,0 Most services 7,0 55 France (2) Non-processed agricultural products (including breeding stock), work under contract F ertllizers, animal feedingstuffs, pesticides 5,5 Motor fuel, certain building work and services provided by persons eligible for the special deduction, purchase and maintenance of farm equipment, construction and maintenance of farm buildings 19,6(3) Ireland Animal feedingstuffs, fertilizers (put up in quantities of 10 kg or more), cereals, beet, hay, cake, etc., seeds and propagating material of products used for food, veterinary products for oral administration 0,0 Concrete and blocks of concrete 12,5 Electricity, solid fuels, diesel fuel for heating, diesel fuel for tractors, gas for heating and lighting 12,5 Most services 12,5 Machinery repairs 12,5 Fertilizers (quantities less than 10 kg), pesticides, disinfectants and detergents,veterinary products for injection and veterinary equipment, farm equipment including tractors, building materials, second-handgoods, petrol and lubricants, motor vehicle and motorcycles, other services (transport, storage, hiring of equipment) 21,0 (r) Italia Agricultural loans, rural leases, veterinary services Animal feedingstuffs of vegetable origin, fertilizers 4,0 Agricultural work under contract 10,0 Animal feedingstuffs of animal origin, seeds, breeding stock, pesticides products of mineral and chemical origin and additives for animal feed 10,0 Fuels and lubricants, pharmaceuticals 10,0 Equipment and machiner), gas and electricity, lubricants, building materials, most services 19,0 PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS T/97 3.3.12 (cont.) Luxembourg water supplied by public enterprises, disposal of real property Inputs: seeds and propagating material, livestock and livestock products, animal feedingstuffs, fertilizers, plant protection products, pharmaceuticals,agricultural services, e.g. artificial insemina- tion 3,0 Services rendered by professional personnel (veterinary medicine), solid mineral fuel, mineral oils and timber to be used as fuel, unleaded petrol 12,0 Farm machinery and equipment, construction and maintenance of farm buildings, motor fuel other than unleaded petrol, certain services (transport) 15,0 Nederland Telecommunications, indemnity insurance, purchase, renting and tenancy of immovable property (except sale by builder) (r) Seeds, fertilizers, fuel for hothouses, animal feedingstuffs, breeding stock, some services, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, work under contract, equipment 6,0 Veterinary services, motor fuels and other fuels, structural work, maintenance and repair of farm buildings, machinery, tractors and equipment, small items of equipment and accessories,transport services, petrol, electricity 17,5 Osterreich Diesel fuel for heating, gas electricity 20,0 Animal feedingstuffs, fertilizers, water 10,0 Purchase and tenancy of land 0,0 Portugal Fertilizers and crop protection products, animal feedingstuffs and seeds, live animals, machinery, equipment and tractors, veterinary services 5,0 Electricity, fuels and gas 5,0 Maintenance and repair of machinery, petrol, coal 17,0 SuomilFinland Most products 22,0 Sverige Most goods and services 25,0 United Kingdom Interest relief grants on purchase and renting of land, insurance, financial costs (') Most products generally used for human consumption and animal consumption, including seeds, propagating material and animals reared for the purpose. Power fuels and other fuels (except road diesel fuel and petrol), electricity and water (') Road diesel fuel, lubricants, petrol, fertilizers, chemicals, purchase and maintenance of agricultural machinery, other goods and services not specified 17,5 Purchase of motor vehicles 17,5 Source.' Eurostat. (r) Exempt. (2) Reimbursementat a subsequentstage. (3) 507odeductibte from 1.1.1986. 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KSFERilä ü +# $o\ ri @ ö.1 t*- ö oo+\nrä"c'i i-, o\ c.) .f, ö1 -i N C.l O \O -, C-l s @ $ötr-' \ E- vv o^ oc.l@ ri \n t-- $" o^o"o^v1 ,r1 o^6. a a ,.i -ii öl \o \n -ö !n oo$cö ö - r F E Fi O\ C.l f-F n+ sfrfles<äüö<+ Öv o\ 'l-i o\ O\ C.l Fi f- \n .-r C'l Öl \O C{ cÖ co F- co c,l -i tq=qa o. qq -i \o^ q v? n"oo^q\o-O^14 oo o\n s =f c'.1 Öl o\ tr) OÖIoo t*- '+:, s R D cA cf) s6 RilEnsaäb.ööF 'r'l € cO O\ -{ v Öl \n c.l \-r c(^) O\ C.tr O\ ct^) ca \n c.) c{ <- \o^ \o" v1 co Fi c.l $- 1o.o^q\o^\A - \n $O\\n - OS ca 96 \o ooo\r--FJc.iJö v s +cj- s = x liOFi -- R tr Säb+ssi -i \n$OriFrvCO@ C-l c.) ca \c öö- -a \,/ |r) \O t-- o^ vlc{\'l?\o- "e q q oq C.loo$ } \O c-l -t O\t öl O\ A tr- O\ ta) ! 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E € 3I€ -t : irEEEf äHäE !! s' H E ? ! l: bE -AA s 8#5:EeiAt U E E il"€ slE s; 3 fittttlll f; 5 € ä'5 1lö KB. n | co rrl E I tl2 | FINANCIAL ASPECTS T/101 Q \O" v} c! di @- @- .1 c.t oo * v-) rö 6 = n$ßEJ3sqo\f lr) \Oölrn\O:Nr7-1 = d co co E aa €+oo co I C (-) rrl \?\qqu1oo-o"o"vlq!no- v 5Rs$:ügsoie g d"-l ca c.i co ; = 1?oo-c\Y"Avlq.dlq€^ od K R g\iF r- A ä ü ü ö $ .F U rrl -l ?O.t.*t.töllQrrlua\rrr*irc.r s=R**$E5\ds $ ä ; :E oo) -t-* O t() ,a oo^ oo" o- \o" '+^ \o" I a a \ J r) () R9*RäüKS+= + ve cl öl cn ca J c\ öl A- O\- \./ ,h /F E\/ o< =fnqqdj.c,!o\o*o = rri oodoioo o* '= FF-F--85gegP öt -F *C-t*F-+ö ^ $ **\nCiS@*cA* rJx co t-- c; c.i ao ,g) t! a \JC rn g& q) +) 551o"\€"qnq_i c* oo Eö €B äüFlPss€r-:K 'aa ! C...| cO O\ t-- * - \O F- cr) + **S(\|$OO--+C.l F- a ocg $ co '9 ö L -q) a5 F ^! 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": 5ä ä;. ! n E = a €'ä * E s E *i g E=*; = I <:si diE ca E ,5Ä ä ,frÄ s ! i z,ö E E E 5 5 .: E CCC TIIO2 FINANCIAL ASPECTS 3.4.3.1 EAGGF Guarantee expenditure, by product 'tg9o r995(') (r) 17185 Arable crops (3) 12 652,3 14574,0 1513,2 907,0 935 Refunds 16250 which : 11139,1 13667,0 Intervention, of 13 468 - (ha) 10552,8 l0 744,0 aid 277 - cereals 196,7 108,0 storage of 2077 - set-aside | 7I2,9 2 389,0 | 942 Sugar 2 061,5 1 789,0 1377,4 | 225,0 | 467 Refunds 475 of which : 684,1 564,0 Intervention. 338 - refund of storage costs 551,2 429,0 1781 Olive oil I 819,5 876,0 52,8 64,0 40 Refunds | 741 Intervention r 766,7 812,0 280,0 386 Dried fodder and dried vegetables 378,4 Refunds 386 Intervention. of which : 378,4 280,0 - 367,1 233,0 323 dried fodder 63 - dried vegetables 11,3 47,0 of which 863,5 849,4 894 Textile plants and silkworms, 77 - hemP 33,2 75,4 flax and 816 - cotton 830,2 773,0 | 729 Fruit and vegetables(a) 1556,8 1 900,6 216,7 125,0 r12 Refunds 98 - fresh 196,9 99,0 - 29,9 26,0 l4 processed | 617 Intervention I 340,1 | 775,6 - 768,3 1125,6 985 fresh 632 - processed 571,8 650,0 1113 Wine | 176,2 | 044,0 80,4 71,0 56 Refunds 1 057 : 1095,8 973,0 Intervention. of which 48 - private storage 54,4 50,0 aid for 312 - distillation 285,5 121,0 - of the by-products compulsory distillation 68 of wine-making 53,8 65,0 I 106 Tobacco r 057,4 | 132,0 49,9 2r,0 pm Refunds 1 106 Intervention 1007,5 I 111,0 314 Other sectors or agricultural products, 287,r 409,0 of which: 54 - rice 22,9 57,0 - 75,5 82,0 85 seeds 18 - hops 3,7 27,0 4 214 Milk products 4 248,8 4267,0 | 926,8 2 046,0 | 978 Refunds 2 236 which : 2 322,0 2 22r,0 Intervention. of 814 - milk 779,2 800,0 aids for skimmed 9 - skimmed milk storage 69,4 39,0 - 67,6 57,0 62 butter storage 739 - butter disPosal 669,4 682,0 - - 2,0 pm pm contribution milk Producers r54 - extension of the markets 199,4 145,0 FINANCIAL ASPECTS TIIO3 3.4.3.1 (cont. ) 1994 199s(') 1996(2) Mio ECU Vo Mio ECU Vo Mio ECU Vo 2 J 4 5 6 7 Beef/veal 3 466,6 10,5 4 997,0 13,2 5 458 13,4 Refunds 1709,4 I 681,0 | 597 Intervention, of which : | 759,2 3 206,0 3 861 - public and private storage - 209,0 341,0 22r - cow premiums 882,0 | 242,0 I 586 - special premium 656,6 I114,0 | 546 Sheepmeatand goatmeat | 279,9 3,9 | 677,0 4,5 | 353 3,3 Refunds p.m. p.m. Intervention | 279,9 1 677,0 I 353 Pigmeat 416,3 1,3 259,0 0,7 168 0,4 Refunds 259,7 142,0 100 Intervention 157,2 79,0 68 Eggs and poultrymeat 239,6 0,7 174,0 0,5 150 0,4 Refunds 239,6 174,0 150 - eggs 26,0 24,0 2l - poultrymeat 213,6 150,0 129 Intervention Other meesuresfor livestock products 117,3 0,4 139,0 0,4 146 0,4 Fishery products 35,5 0,1 53,0 0,1 48 0,1 Refunds 0,0 0,0 p.m. Intervention 35,5 53,0 48 Non-Annex II products 63r,4 1,9 599,5 1,6 6r6 1,5 Refunds 631,4 599,5 616 Total market organizations 32 288.0 97,9 34 906,5 94,6 38603 94,6 Accession and monetary compensatory amounts 4,7 p.m. p.m. p.m. 194 0,4 Total market organizations ACAs+MCAs 32292,7 97,9 34 906,5 94,6 38797 95,0 Food aid refunds 86,0 0,3 r43,0 0,4 83 0,2 Deprived persons 136,4 0,4 200,0 0,5 200 0,5 Measures to combat fraud 76,9 0,2 91,0 0,2 44 0,1 Clearance of accounts - 612,0 - 1,9 - 1200,0 -7) -1090 -) 7 Rural development schemes linked to market operation 339,7 1,0 563,0 1,5 s20 I,3 Income aid 30,0 0,1 45,5 0,1 20 0,1 Accompanying measures 490,r 1,5 2 044,0 5,5 2 254 5,5 Others 130,6 0,4 104,0 0,3 0 0,0 Grand total 32 970,4 100,0 36 897,0(6\ 100,0 40 828 (7\ 100,0 Soure : Evoped Commission, Directorare-General lor Agriculürc. (') Supplementaryand amendingbudget No lß5. (r) 1996 budg€r. (3) Frcm 1994, following the new budget nomenclature, apprcpriations 'Arable rclating to cereals, oilseeds, peas ed field tms and s€faside will b€ brcught togethe. under chap@r BI.l0 crcps'. t94, aid for dried ,Dried !:l lrcT vegetabtes will be included in Chapter BI.l3 fodder md dried vegehbles,. (5) Agrimonehry aids frcm 1996. (6) Not including the apprcpriations enbred for the monetary r$erve (Ecu 5m million), md in commihent apprcpriations (Ecu 36 895 million in paymenr apprcpriations). (7) Not including the appropriations entered for the monetary reserye (ECU 500 million). TIIO4 FINANCIAL ASPECTS 1995) by sector 3.4.4 Breakdown of expenditures (financial year 1994)and of appropriations (financial year Breakdown by economic nature of the measures Budget Interventions nomenclature 1995 Withdrawals from the market + similar operations t0 9s2,4() I 1 130,5 Arable crops (a) t2 643,1 | 513,2 178,1 115,2 666,3 Sugar 2061,5 1 377,4 551,1 1722,9 I 758,9 Olive oil 1 819,5 52,8 36:0 378,4 378,4 Dried fodder and dried vegetables 378,4 863,5 863,5 Textile plants, of which: 863,5 (31,2) (31,2) - flax and hemp (31,2) (830,2) (830,2) - cotton (830,2) 852,2 I 309,8 Fruit and vegetables | 541,4 2t6J 0J 139,8 r 095,8 Wine 1 176,2 80,4 244,8 965,3 r 007,6 Tobacco 1 057,5 49,g 19,6 80,5 83,2 Other sectors or agricultural 22r,8 18,9 (4,0) (4,0) products, of which: (22,9) (18,e) (75,5) (75,5) - (7s,s) rice (1,0) (3,7) - (3,1) seeds (1) 2291,5 - 4 249,3 | 926,8 226,5 I 640,3 hops (848,6) (921,8) (73,2) (6e,4) (779,2) Milk and milk products, (a) (737,O) - (e88,3) (zst,3) (67,6) (669,4) of which: skimmed milk 1 758,1 - 3 466,5 I 708,4 -209,1 | 96',7,2 butter 1279,8 1279,8 1,7 1278.1 Beef/veal 21,9 Sheepmeat and goatmeat 416,3 259,1 21,9 Pigmeat 239,6 239,6 Eggs and poultrymeat Other measures in favour of animal products fi7,3 Non-Annex II products 63r,4 631.4 - 33,0 Fishery products 35,4 0,1 209'71,4 23 678,3 - Accession compensatory amounts and monetary comPensatory amounts Food aid refunds Differentiation of the agricultural market mechanisms 21315,9 E - TotalA+B+C+D Income aid Accompanying measures H - Other (5) 21 836,0 24 542,9 TotalE+F+G+H 33 412.2 715 Sorrcei Ewpean Commission, Directomte-General for Agdculturc. chdged to a glven finmcial yed under Article l0o of the (r) The expenditurc ibms re hten frcm Memtrr sbtes' retums made under the aalvmce payments system md e Finmcial Regulation. (2) Expenditur€ chdged against the 1994 büdget (r) Appropriationforcommitmenßwhich@;ritbninthesupplementilyddmendingbudgetNol/95.Provisionatexpendituresatl5.ll.l995@showingdunder'utilizationol ECU 2 430 nillion. (a) lncluding the findcial conhbution ftom cercal and milk ptpduceß ptpducls + anti-fraud measules + other me6urcs (chapter 39) J (5) Cleüece of &counts + inErest following refom of finmcial mmgemenls + free distribution of inEflention expenditure from appropriations cdried over (ECU 441'8 million in 1994) FINANCIAL ASPECTS T/IO5 according to the economic nature of the measures 1995(Mio ECU) (3) Breakdown by economic nature of the measures Withdrawals from the market + similar operations t4 574,0 907,0 l 18,0 13 549,0 t3 667,0 17,8 1 789,0 1225,0 430,0 107,0 537,0 27,0 7,8 - 876,0 64,0 91,0 903,0 812,0 0,0 280,0 280,0 280,0 849,4 849,4 849,4 (7s,4) (7s,4) (75,4) (773,0) (773,0) (773,0) 20,9 r 900,6 125,0 0,6 460,0 | 082,4 | 772,0 3,6 1044,0 71,0 215,0 186,0 187,0 97,3 1 132,0 21,0 1,0 r 038,0 I 084,0 27,0 119,7 409,0 49,0 1,0 228,8 231,0 129,0 (s7,0) (49,0) (1,0) (7,0) (7,0) (82,0) (0,0) (82,0) (82,0) (27,0) (0,0) (2s,8) (27,0) 31,0 4 267,0 2046,0 192,0 | 647,0 2185,0 36,0 963,0 (t24,0) (3e,0) (800,0) (83e,0) (t 192,0) (4s3,0) (s7,0) (682,0) (73e,0) 4 997,0 1681,0 341,0 2 865,0 3 206,0 | 677,0 3,0 | 674,0 1 677,0 r35,3 259,0 742,0 38,0 38,0 38,0 174,O 174,0 117,3 138,0 t38,0 598,5 598.5 2.4 53,0 53,0 53; | 210,6 24 501,6 438,6 35 612,5 - 805,0 1210,6 27 154,1 300r6,9 - 366.4 FINANCIAL ASPECTS TIIOT l,n F{ t J Q-oo^qoo"c\o"o^o. t-- O" $ =qq ca =1: n" | | | ro^L1 1c1 -r-l 9Q -t C-l !+ st OO-tO $\o co r- 5$8Fä+-OO \n \nq \n r.) @ c\.1 co >.: ca C{ Fr oo s c-l co \o"qq\o^qqoo^o.o^ \o^ >, -: a | | | ic? ca v? d} o- @ \o. t- @ '-^ co€f-ooOt'-c\OO oo I U) :cn ca c.l O\ O t-- rn c\ =x \n \O O OO (\ rrl *-r OO Or F.i f- \n ca rn \o c\ -" t-i CA \n \O \O $ .t $ C.l ci ca q q \o^ c? \O^ v1 -, \ö ri oo -i c?qo^ c.l oo o\ q ;) .f, q | | | rq \ \ i cd O F- oo c.i-i \o f- i$ oo oo öl e.i sf, 3!l^ \nC\OcACjC\Frt-i s d $ lr) 9i -(t C\C\lN l- O\ cO öl \n '-i Fi c\l $ >.Y $ Ötr s O.l co $ ca co C.l N cO ro" c? ro" oo^ q (^.t o. c{ \n o^\cl -i =l: v? v? ts'c \ -':i | | | trv1 I (n NOI'-F-O\C-'|O\rn .ri ca ico co t-- o \o $ \o ca o\ F- $ e) I= c.) \n c\t oo $ f- O. S OiFr co \o \n@ ca c!X O\ -t -r Ctf C.) -i f- N c{ c\ F.l \ö c- oo t-- öl c\l ö] $ co c-i D oo^v"I q o^ \o oo ; c{ o\ o{ ,ri q \O^ ca ,rI \o" 1q q | | | rq q=q t-- O'oo' o\ -i \o c.i -i @ t-- I cn co fO-t$ C\ \o .d \n ca e[i^ -1 e.r \r) \n o\ co \O F- Qi oo \nq co \o ca ca ca f- >.: tn co -i öi co c\.1 $\o oo c-l C\ ca vlo{o^*lO"O^$^\ co \n Öl ca) ba i \ | | I i-i qq c? I '-^ TAHA (n O\f-$\OcA\nca-+ t ÖI v.V l- C.l f- Fi oo c- \o q) .f, \n =x öl 1.rO\Oc.)-f,9cO- O. Qr Fr :f, r-- c.l $ F-r \o !n a0 =" O\,if-(nCOO oo N :f, r- ca c! (-- \n c.tr $ ,-r c.l L c{ +) o .--I A - (t-i E a - o O 0) ar () I C) C) qi I L .-- C) !) l< u2 c.) +) C) J< F I L) c) !a ,a k ;t F KO a L o - o CH a) F O ri () q= q) d (.) Cg rl -E !Y -- B F (Jv 9p ;l - o ;P F- öt c! () 99 2-e h x8 i-) A .l ao v E- € C) a. .q9 a () {, I :\ -V d -a va-aP a l-t (J xA -rvd v tr> ,l () - oZ () a 6i: - 3-E 1,, € \,, a9 Ai I CgO Y F€ cl Y + E '5 h HaS fid O C.) = X=öJ tF E c) 0)Or rrlhF t*99 Qa t,n EFh Ee-= E o., ()rO " ^,ö& ",S.;34 C()ä (! c) )y .CvrJ .i äE E 3 I .:EG I F-ttl n 85 C) ca EEägÄsägEöü;iÄÄ #Äö 8 CCC T/108 PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS U rtlllllllllllll rK8R3€=9 r8 rü öE I :*Fö+\ntn,ico\O o\ c) e-o car Fi FFvrw -< C:l tn - O\ j,eF9 ^|tra rr== F!v öl I | | | | | I t€frn I | | | | | I \o =_\O\n$ | | I rSfr3 | \o \n \n f- N t-- Fr ß $$ o\ k F $ l--C\\n\O\OoO\n\nrcQ ' rF | | rFS I I | | 13 | | | oo \O C-l \n oo co \O t*- C'l >sl I -$srfic.r s oc) \n c.) .9 .9 ca ttlllllllllllll trrsllllllls <-r ü c\l | I | | | | | trrtsllllll€lll t | | t\9 oo $ C.) oo \n oo F \n \n $ \n I | | l\n I I | | I | | I | | trrllgllllll c.) öo q) oo f- trrrlllglllQlll | | r88S rA | | r$ oo s \n (.) öl \Ö CA c') F - CA t-- $ $ C-l tr- Grttttttttlllll \o Srt$tt$lllll \o \o osco OO ca C{ C\l C\t J \o t/) | rFil rD8 r38: | | | rS ca SgX r?S rYil€ | q.) ünö öF ö\coo\ öI @ +c.lNlnr.ÖtrtC tr) c\l$ \o\n oo s o\ cqcqc\<)oo\c \n-f,=.n t*- $ c.) ai c.l C) c\.1 t o\ o\ o\ rn rgB rFäil | | | rä !3X r33 rFgG | | 3Rä ca 6e1 rfr t.l i-o\F \n\cj $+c-t \o \n c") @ oo Öl $ l-- c{ l*- c\ c{ \o o\ U v SO\\$O\coO\noo -c{f-\OooO 6 () cjö\o ooö \n öl oo ca I Q c\l -f, F{ o- {ra I q) . .!| ! c! +a € s F €)I 3 a F q)I je - '!3tj-=-?^ü#;orrR E E € Fä E -g F -I u äEE*ä'^fl ää** cü.,e q SE-*ä+EÄdro! €fiHgäFi gEÖ€'äH-EeeüEEäsEa 'r-o=t-r€'FHt€E#gEEa-= T =l: 6 F ü = g öFü=*e**Eötoo Errij'r 3 E 5 28 u ca <,\HE Ä Ä ffim rfiü,.8 .= 8,äE ; ä 5 m a n PRICES AND PRODUCTION COSTS TIIO9 'ö- ca r rrR @ (J oo $ co a ö] ={) ts a ltl C.l oi A€ \o ; L e oo o tt: ct^) L 'Y^ t c\ C) @ ö .9 ()(€ != trl .8 ä \o oo'= c\ sö € x3Y?>.o..r .- .989 E 4 öfäF \o ;-==o tll öX $ H * A- ca EA\-Y: \n :;g:g .93 s 'f E3;iE rw,-frA botrx.u o .9 i ö e'o rtl oo @ ; E'- i\rr. co 4eP f- x (-)'t o 'E E .E'= .E .c, äo E H ! 6) L c*-Q9B 0)vL^ oo ttl ÖI g5€ä; 'i^ oo o. e l/ *tr -^.= F. a .=' a '?. tr-9X A^V!v .= @ 0) 5'F eo9ä=Ä g :' c öt,; 9 .:? fr#E s t-- -!v ö- L'E r18 \o F Er g f- \n =E =.9 eä \n !, : Ä boii o ; R Fp3: e ALL I I , E ä': .==s.Y 6 ä rA 8 ü.=Ee 3 I I V @ rr$ E EvrA- -? r'i \o -ü tsdkWd -f, o;'i(Jc(!, $ € e'l .=ö9"qq,E€ E F "q q2äP"= H-rEEä =dVOLL r18 c.l ::--Ccg - r- F q) bl?+ tr \n \n =-o7.o.Y= \n ca ggg \o E E€ == ^ a ) * ? Foo () .Y :l 9J FoO = ,rrv=--->t- gK€ ll- E Yqß ca g : s; ss; o\ 50E E€ E-€ $ \o - EYEEXo. V----rrlw h = = x ÄF.o\ vvv ü()(JOQ=(J l-, \J - $ H 3 3I ü EE o\ rE o.l cr q..t o= Q ca \n Y U O () () i^! ca \ oo F €€€€ü U \n * c{ ü 6666E 9,'r,r-n69 () O OOOO ö . \JIJ\J\,/.Y tr d F <<< €.9 !.n.- cq, ($oq X -0.o.o.o d) ts .F.:-.-'- - = L -.J V--lq-.. i7V ? x:::5 tr goq g.]UUUUHH E p F'FV ; e I I äi L9 u --i-;- xte o o'= \ t- t- t- ttr o) I.rr (naD5 3 ECCC C T/110 STRUCTURES 3.5.1.1 Employment in agriculture: statistical sources and applications There are several sources of Community statistics enabling employment in agriculture to be measured from various viewpoints, including employment statistics proper (sample survey of the labour force, annual employment estimates) and agricultural statistics (stmctural surveys of agricultural holdings). Methods and concepts vary from one source to another, and the purpose of this introduction is to help the user to choose, among the statistics given in the subsequent tables, those which will provide him with the information he seeks. EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE AND IN THE OTHER SECTORS One approach to the problem of employment in agriculture consists in considering it as part of overall employment and comparing it with employment in the other economic sectors. The relevant information comes from employment statistics; in these figures, tlte persons employed are assignedto that economic sector in which they mainly work, and the characteristics of employment are measured according to identical concepts from one sector to another. Changes over time in numbers employed in the various sectors, and, in particular, in agriculture, are measured on the basis of annual employment estimates (Tables 3.5.1.2 and 3.5.1.3). For detailed information on tlre structure of employment in agriculture compared with that of other sectors (breakdown by sex, by occupational status, by working 'photograph' timi, är by age), reference must be made to the sample survey of manpower, which provides a of employment in any given year (Table 3.5.1.4). EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS Only the statistics which have just been presented allow a proper comparison of employment in agriculture with employment in the other sectors. However, they do not cover all persons employed in agriculture: an important feature of farming is that so many farmers and farm workers work only part-time and often also have other jobs. In the employment statistics, such persons are not classified as working in agriculture' A full measure of employment in agriculture is provided by the surveys on the structure of agricultural holdings; it should be noted that the information from this source enables employment in agriculture to be analysed as such but that, as it is established according to specific definitions, it cannot be compared with employment data for other sectors. These surveys cover all persons employed on holdings, whether farming is their main activity or not; they also record working hours and any other remunerated work outside farming. They thus enable employment on agricultural holdings to be measured fully, and part-time and combined other employment to be analysed. By conversion of the numbers of persons employed into full-time equivalent workers ('annual work units' - AWU), the data on working hours give information on the actual volume of labour devoted to farming, the only valid measure of the labour contribution to agriculture, in view of the scale of part-time working (Tables 3.5.1.5 and 3.5.1.6). STRUCTURESTIIII 8 8 X xxqqc{c1 \o^c\xe!xxao.\o^ \ -üCj\O$$-+C-l\nco_< .f, >| .f, lo o O\lO\ rlttttttl I o l6 € - t- O 3 o =q a X oo" q q o^ \ -i c.l crl \ oo^ öl -i c{ c.l c.l -t r-i c.l cr^r !-i ca (\l $ co \-.r r-i co $ c1^) F+ ca O IO e oo rtrltttttttttl I - t-lä F s O oo^ oo^ ..q ,ri ,q ,r] (.) X o^ oo" q \o" q x x \ x x L C{C\$Fr-f,caölcocAc.l$cA o lo L O\ ltr* t-- rttttttttttl 6 lo\ x - l- a O 0) C) X c\oo.qqoo^o"o"q=qXc\Xc{qx X vc\ t 0.) o\ I c-'l \nOr-i@OöI $ @\n\n oo f- f- cAO\\n$$F \o eo \o o\ (-) .v oo Of-t-iOFiln c\| H F.t \a) o\ a tr) Fl C- ts-r-l f- o L G o0 .-F- ö I (.) T -v a t! rF F 8 8 € tr- aOOO\\OooO\cA\OO\O\\nFcacA o\ >| F c\l o\no\oooo$\o\ooo\ooo\no I ö.1 * r-r o\ @ ,-r co @ ,-i \o E cl $ c-.1 c-l c! öl \n v *-d oo L I (a q) L 8 a rll a ; ä0 8 8 \n \O a Ca \O O\ ,-.r O\ O\ O\ -f, ca O $ ,-i Fr \o /I .- FiOO-C\lC\Oor\\ic{Cj:,+@ $ I F- Fr c-l $ o c-l oo c\ oo öl co Fr ca öl \o o\ t @ I co öl Fr Fi F< t-{ rt öl C-l O - t'l ; o rI a q)6 L L *)- - G !t - 8 c) I .I ]-\adOC{FrcOOO$cOoO$ tr f-\O\OOO\O\n@f-*l.öcA; H aA c.l öl c.l \o t-- C! OO \n \n Ca .-E o0 t-. öl \r cg C.l CO C.l CO !9L 9 a,a I E 8oo .- L- - q: ! t G *a \n Eq) N F& Ft -A - f r'l rrl I F q)T o trO t I (! a l.r :C) tr tr>, q) :J A aG=; -l =F 9 SEro-EF aQ) a ,q oJ #e--E€rFü ===€,Ee{EE=Fqp ? -v, '. n L o !a-O 4 gAÄil,frEEEiE,ge;ä5ö E €'F H s s e E E ä F äg I:-= ca q) TIII2 FINANCIAL ASPECTS 3.5.1.3 Employment in agriculture and in the other sectors 1970 1980 1990 l99l r992 l 993 r994 I J 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total civilian employmenl EUR 15 l 50 675 t48 756 145753 145233 (l 000 persons) BelgiquelBelgiö 3 546 3610 3 675 3 686 3 753 : Danmark 2 345 2 460 2 630 2 607 2 584 2 574 2 573 BR Deutschland 26 l69n 26 528rc 27 988e 36034 3s 356 34 725 34 456 Elläda 3 r34 3 356 3 7r9 3 632 3 685 3 720 3 790 Espafra t2 433 ll55l 12 578 l2 608 t2 359 rr 826 tl 760 France 20 328 21 443 22098 22 r42 22008 21 777 21810 Ireland I 045 I t4r I t23 | 122 I r27 I r34 | 164 Italia 19218 20 3t3 2t 215 21 4r0 21270 20 359 20 000 Luxembourg r40 t57 186 t94 r99 203 207 Nederland 4 970 6 268 6 444 6 5r9 6 571 6 63r Österreich 2953 3 035 3 406 3 468 3 534 3 564 Portugal 3 924 4 479 4 602 4 5t2 4 424 : Suomi./Finland 2207 2318 2 457 2 330 2 t63 2 030 2 015 Sverige 3 854 4 r59 4 449 4 373 4 t95 3 964 3 927 United Kingdom 24381 25 136 26903 26023 25 493 25 r29 25 163 EUR I2 124 589rc 132 862a 140 505 138865 t36 r95 t35 727 USA 78 678 99 303 tt7 9t4 t16 877 l 17598 119 306 Japan 50 940 55360 62 490 63 690 & 360 64 500 Agriculture EUR 15 6.2 5.7 5,6 5,4 (7o of total civilian )7 )5 employment) Belgique/Belgiö 5,0 J,Z )1 -: Danmark 11,5 8,1 57 55 5,4 BR Deutschland 8,6co 5lm I 5oo 3,9 3,4 3,1 3,0 Elläda 40,8 30,3 23,9 ))) 2r,9 21,3 20,8 Espafra 29,5 19,3 11,8 10,7 10,1 10,1 9,8 France 13,5 8,5 5,6 5,4 <,) 5,1 4,8 Ireland 27,1 18,3 15,0 13,8 13,6 12,7 12,o Italia 20,2 14,3 8,9 8,5 8,2 8,2 7,9 Luxembourg 9,7 55 a- 3,1 3,0 3,0 2,8 Nederland 4,9 4,6 45 3,8 3,9 4,0 Österreich 18,7 10,6 7,9 7,4 7,1 6,9 : Portugal 28,5 18,0 11,6 ll,6 71,7 : Suomi/Finland 24,4 r15 8,4 8,5 8,6 8,6 8,3 Sverige 8,1 5,1 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,4 United Kingdom ^1 ')) )7 )1 )) )) EUR t2 9.6a 6,5- 6,2 5,8 5,6 55 USA 4,5 3,6 2,9 2,9 2,9 t1 '7) Japan 17.4 lo,4 6,7 6,4 5.9 Industry EUR 15 30,5 30,0 (7o of total civilian employment) Belgique/Belgiö 43,3 15' 28,7 28,5 )'t 5 : Danmark 37,8 28,9 26,6 26,4 25,8 t5 1 24,3 BR Deutschland 493q 43,7e 39,8co 7Q )a 38,2q 36,7 35,9 'r1 Elläda 25,0 30,2 2J,7 < 27,1 24,2 23,6 Espaf,a ?'7') 36,0 33,4 33,1 32,4 30,7 30,1 France 39,3 36,0 30,0 29,5 28,7 27,7 26,9 Ireland 29,9 1?5 28,6 28,8 28,2 27,5 28,2 Iralia 39,5 37,9 7)1 ??? 7)) 32,6 32,4 Luxembourg 44,3 38,0 30,8 29,7 29,3 28,8 28,2 Nederland 3r,4 26,3 ?55 24,3 24,O 23,0 Österreich 40,5 40,7 42,9 37,0 35,',| 75) Porlugal 36,0 34,6 117 33,2 33,0 : Suomi/Finland 34,1 34,6 31,0 29,3 27,9 27,0 26,8 Sverige 38,4 1?5 29,0 28,r 26,5 25,4 25,0 United Kingdom 37,8 29,O 27.9 27,0 26,4 26,2 EUR t2 37.8m 7) 4n 31.8m 3l loc 30,3 29.8 USA 34,4 30,5 26,2 )57 24,6 24,1 Japan 157 15 1 34,1 34,4 34,6 34,3 FINANCIAL ASPECTS TITI3 3.5.1.3 (cont.) 1970 I 980 1990 1991 t992 1993 1994 I 2 + 5 6 7 8 9 Services EUR 15 63,8 64.5 (7o of total civilian employment Belgique/Belgiö 5r,7 6r,6 68,5 68,8 70,0 : : Danmark 50,7 63,0 67,6 68,1 68,7 69,3 70,0 BR Deutschland 42,0a 51,0co 56,7a 57,5rc 58,7rc 60,1 6l,l Elläda 34,2 39,5 48,3 50,3 51,0 54,5 Espafra 1a a 44,6 54,8 56,3 57,5 59,2 60,1 France 47,2 555 64,4 65,I 66,0 67,2 68,3 Ireland 43,1 49,2 56,3 57,4 58,2 59,8 59,8 Italia 40,3 47,8 58,5 59,2 59,6 59,3 59,7 Luxembourg 46,0 56,5 65,9 67,1 67,7 69,2 69,0 Nederland 63,6 69,1 69,9 68,4 69,7 70,9 Österreich 40,r 49,3 54,7 55,0 57) 56,8 Portugal 35 1 47,4 48,7 55? 55,4 ; Suomi/Finland 41,6 51,4 60,5 62,1 63,3 64,2 64,6 Sverige 535 62,4 67,4 68,4 70,0 71,0 71,5 United Kingdom : 59,4 68.7 69,8 70.7 7 r,5 71,6 EUR I2 52.6a 6l.l oc 62,0rc 629a 63.9 64,6 '7) 't? USA 61,1 65,9 70,9 71,8 5 ) Japan 46,9 54,2 58,2 58,4 58,5 59,3 Share of paid employment EUR 15 3t.4 30,7 29,4 29,0 in agriculture (Vo) Belgique/Belgiö 10,6 l3,l 17,9 18,2 18,9 Danmark )77 25,0 36,1 36,5 36,6 37,0 BR Deutschland 13,0m 18,1oo 22,8q )7) )?) )75 Elläda 5,0 3,9 3,8 35 4,5 Espafra 28,5 27,8 31,8 34,5 32,0 31,0 France 20,5 17,9 21,1 21,7 ))5 ??5 Ireland l3,l 12,9 13,6 14,8 14,4 : : Italia 31,9 37,5 42,2 40,8 42,8 37,9 36,5 Luxembourg I1,8 13,8 24,2 24,6 25,0 26,7 Nederland ))5 35,6 36,5 40,4 38,8 Österreich : : 12,4 12,9 l4,o 14,6 Portugal 21,4 18,9 16,7 18,4 16,7 Suomi/Finland : 19,7 24,2 25,8 25,1 24,7 Sverige 35,9 38,4 39,4 40,4 38,7 36,1 United Kingdom 54,8 49,2 47,5 48,3 50.6 EUR I2 26,0q 29,3rc 28,5 29,1 28.I 27,8 USA sr5 53,9 54,3 Japan 5l 7,8 9.3 l0,l ll,2 I 1,5 Source: Eurostat (annual employment and labour force statistics) and OECD (annual labour force statistics). TII14 STRUCTURES 3.5.1.4 Employment in agriculture and in the other sectors: structures compared (1993) EUR 15 Belgique/Belgiö 99 70, l 29,9 13,4 86,6 Danmark 131 76,3 )a'l 40,0 60,0 BR Deutschland | 272 59,7 40,3 43,4 56,6 Elläda 79r 58,4 41,6 4,5 95,5 Espana | 2t2 72,1 27,9 31,1 68,7 France l 195 63,9 36,1 22,9 77,1 Ireland 151 89,0 11,0 r7,9 82,1 Iralia | 6t9 63,9 36,1 62,7 Luxembourg 5 69,8 30,2 23,8 76,2 Nederland 265 74,1 25,9 37,9 62,1 Östeneich : Portugal 516 50,4 49,6 18,2 81,8 Suomi/Finland Sverige : : : : : United Kingdom 5r8 76,3 )77 43,3 56,7 EUR 12 EUR 15 Belgique/Belgiö 1 103 80,8 19,2 90,0 10,0 Danmark 667 74,0 26,0 9L,7 8,3 BR Deutschland 13 702 75,7 24,3 94,3 Elläda 899 78,5 2r,5 69,0 31,0 Espafla 3 657 83,6 16,4 82,9 16,8 France 6023 75,6 24,4 90,0 10,0 Ireland 313 77,7 ))? 88,1 ll,9 Italia 6 601 76,4 23,6 82,0 18,0 Luxembourg 43 90,1 9,9 95,5 4,5 Nederland | 566 82,6 17,4 93,9 6,1 Österreich Portugal | 467 68,2 31,8 84,2 15,8 Suomi/Finland Sverige : : : : United Kingdom 7 443 24,1 85,8 14,2 EUR 12 43 483 EUR 15 Belgique/Belgiö 2 542 50,6 49,4 81,3 18,7 Danmark r 757 43,8 56,2 92,0 8,0 BR Deutschland 2t t38 46,9 53,1 89,4 10,6 Elläda 2026 61,7 38,3 65,3 34,7 )?1 Espafra 6 998 56,4 43,6 75,6 France 14658 47,4 52,6 89,3 lo,7 Ireland 688 51,5 48,5 84,3 15,7 Italia 12r02 59,2 40,8 70,3 29,7 Luxembourg 115 53,7 46,3 89,4 10,6 Nederland 4 657 52,1 47,9 89,7 10,3 Österreich Portugal 2 48r 49,5 50,5 79,9 20,1 Suomi/Finland : Sverige : : : : United Kingdom r7 361 45,4 88,6 ll,4 EUR 12 Source.' Eurostat (Community survey of manpower). STRUCTUREST/1I5 65 and over 94,1 5,9 7,9 t?{ 19,3 25,5 22,0 1,8 78,9 21,0 15,5 17,8 16,0 19,8 19,3 rl,7 8r,7 18,3 9,6 20,6 21,4 )7? 18,8 6,3 92,5 7\ 8,9 13,2 16,1 22,8 29,8 9,2 93,7 6,3 r0,7 16,9 18,0 22,6 27,6 4,3 84,3 15,7 6,6 20,7 26,0 22,9 20,I 3,taa 92,3 ro,4 17,3 19,4 20,6 18,9 13,4 88,0 12,0 10,7 18,5 19,7 22,9 20,8 7,4 96,2 3,9 I1,5 2r,8 23,4 20,9 19,6 2,8 68,6 31,4 17,9 )77 20,8 18,2 15,9 35 : : 80,0 20,0 7,8 11,3 : 14,2 2l,l 26,5 [9,1 : : : : : : : -aa ))7 I I,J 13,8 20,9 21.0 20,2 16,5 7,6 7,1 96,5 i5 11,6 135 29,3 20,1 5) 89,5 10,4 17,7 26,6 23,6 22,r 8,7 93,3 6,7 13,9 27,8 24,3 )?7 9,8 97,1 2,9 12,3 26,7 28,8 21,8 10,3 97,9 2,1 15,3 26,2 )57 21,3 I l,l 95,5 4,5 10,0 29,7 31,3 22,r 6,6 95,9 4,0 19,9 3l,l 24,9 16,5 7,r 96,8 a) 16,4 29,2 )47 21,6 7,4 97,7 )? 11,9 3l,l 28,0 23,r 83,9 16,2 15,9 31,8 )\) 2r,o 5,6 : : 96,4 3,6 23,0 26,2 : 24,1: 17,4 8,0 : : : 14,8 27,6 21,8 I1,0 [,0 0,6 83,0 I7,0 9,1 34,3 30,9 18,6 6,5 0,6 7r,6 28,3 16,2 23,8 t5 1 )?7 9,8 1,5 79,7 20,3 13,4 )77 26,0 ))'7 9,4 0,8 96,3 11 10,5 29,7 28,9 19,8 9,4 1,7 91,0 9,0 13,2 29,3 26,7 17,9 ll,9 1,0 '7) 82,4 17,6 10,0 29,8 31,2 21,2 0,6 85,4 14,6 18,9 29,3 25,r 17,0 8,1 1,6 94,2 5,8 9,5 28,1 29,5 ))) 9,3 1,4 90,7 9,3 13,7 77) 28,3 17,7 6,6 0,6 59,8 40,2 17,5 30,2 27,O 18,8 0,8 : 93,0 7,0 11,8 24,8 28,9 21,4 10,5 ')< : : : : : : : 70.r 29,8 t6,6 26,5 24,2 20,8 10,1 1,8 1) TII16 STRUCTURES o-"o.4 \o^qvlq'o-'o"clo- o"\\c1 o"c1 c1.t^ €-\o"\ o-q?o- ao.>? gess IgEEFg3j€ Fg8ä *üsH s€xä =nRa* *€ *-**#-*N-t q"a$- q o{ rc^ q oo^ c.} €" q" o-q-lvl o-qoo"cl qq9\ o^qaa _q"q^q \O \n \O \O t-- t-- c.) öl q C! a.l a.l öl 8sR8 r$X6 8$8= $Eis s3!= \n - cr) - * c.i cö ö'.t * c'l io c'l * \f, ca o"?4" q?a_s" q \1\r- ssssoqc*s-1 o^co-\o-oo-o^c1 vl-i n1\o^ ?' 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" äs ä a -l-l-: O** OO\cA ! i.E F iJ-i.i d+$+ dc.ir- c.i..d $\O\O\O aäq E PEEH ii()E* "q€" \OO\O\O O\\O$ *t--sf, \cl 1\o- o{c.} q$^ O€N OOS\O $$\Or* \nO\OO oOoOtr) OOO @oo O\oO*C.l tr-O$ ScacA **ÖlÖl cl') ooc.lorn \oF-ca\o oo" q oo" " o" $^ \o- " "A- n"\v?q \o-qv1 " \\o-" i,r; c- od { c.i o\ + OOF .f,öl\O \o o\ \O € öl cO ca O\ \O O\ \O t-t -NN-- N$N #Sco co e{ HNcQ- C.,lölCA -cQCO c{\=q\ c"iq\\ c.}c1 oo^" .f,-q\" "-iq" o-?aoo^ qqc\" \ 1\o" " rjd\or'r \o'j$$ N'jco ooJ\n \oca c-'lo\o\tr- \nöl-1 ooOF- J;=- Ä*;i Nol* ö1c.iöl *# N#*- *-c{ -N- .' c1 v1 oo^ qq\vl \o"s-n.' oo" vl cl " "oo\n \oÖl-$ o*cQ t--"- \ \d \d O\O\\ö$ C.i C-l la) - t= O\ \n \o ca rn c.i ,ri r- \d i oi c.i od r- -f, \o \o \o \o r.)\O\nrn S$ca \n sf, \n +s $$\ns \n\nrn $ " =qc?\" \1o^v1 c?o"1=q -i1\" qofq" "\\o-" o^??l^ oq.{01 c.irtqri\o .j\o$o\ rr;\oc.i OOO o\$ oo\oo\O \no\1- ct^1c'l-i **#-C\|- L -!t -is"-i" r- qqql o^\-ioq qc?c"} " $^clc{ " "v?t"" o^v?\o^\ \o-n"q" G' oo-i o\ sölca\o rr)\n* r/.)o$ t-* N ca c.i t-- tr- t-* o oo N ca t - c-i öl öl : c-'l + NO.l -##* c.lN- ÖlC.lO.l el c) g J-) h A +OOcQ "öloO |'n\nt* O\OO $O- " - c{o^\q v}oo^v1 .1 \c\\o^ $ öl ca F- co ca \f, N I-- \o o\ iäi .dF I-J+$".i iia .\t:-.S F - : ö.1 öl - c'l N Öl c''1 E N C.l c.l c.l ca c{ c.l öl c\.1 (\.l * co ce cq c.l O.l 6..l F ra v 5- q) L - "\o"o{oo" v?c1 ol\o^qo- c{d}.{v? oo"vl=qo^ 1€^1o{ ?"oo^ \qc?!: 1"1 a!t () cGaF ;Fn; +$3+ ilS8S SfrS gS$T Silil$ ilfrfiil L *)-E -- I L äo c! ?r OI--or\ca OF-O\cA OF-O'ca OF-O\co Ot--O\cA OF-O\cA Ot--O\q) OF*O\q) OI=O\cA I q\ q\ OO oO oO O\ OO OO OO O\ € OO OO O\ OO oO OO O\ OO OO OO Or € OO oO O\ OO oO OO OO oO OO oooo€o\ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA o\ o\ o, Ö\ o. o\ o\ o\ o. o'o\ o. o\ o\ o\ o\ O\ O\ O\ O\ +) t##F----*-+*-*-- *-*-*t*Fi----tg-# A I q) F F I - ar I t- F - :o) E - bod ! o-q q \ü)m() rngtE v? #+SA6 € 'F^ 'F2=.g,F s.? t\t tr l-J iO E\d x=-== .d ==^/J JV ä i:ad li9 rYl /n n /+1 frl ca El +{ STRUCTURES TII19 " ö*oo^ " F- oO Ca) * N c.l \O ca c.) ca c'} q Ooo o.l * 'rl q s\n sf, -ü \cl t-- t-- \v? C\* öl ö.1 ' oo^ c] öl ca C\ C.l t*- öl * \d,ri od st$ + oo L Ot--O\cA OF-O\cA OF-O\cO Ot--O\cA OF-O\cO Otr-O\c.) Oa-OrcA OF-O\c.i - 99Spe9O'\ oO@oOO\ oOoOoOO\ oOoOoOO\ aOoOooO\ oOoOoOO\ oO€oOO\ oOoOoOO\ o O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ Or O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ -HH* F.iri** **-* Fi--* -+Hd H*-* --** -*-t lr a >| a) E 69 Eq ER gOEü t- F€.cE,E P-c'iiV Fr,{ E ;S'Fs"d ol: rFS t-* F-- tn SFKR RIäF 8KR €fl= S8 8E8T fi€X O\Otr* €; +öö trr\otrl o\t= caNcoöl O\ O\ O\ öo= --- ) ..ge O\ \O O\ t-- \O *F\ s€Q - \otn\n €gg *sTF ;fiN ?$E ölörc1 c1- -F.i** $$e') - (n fr() A F I L :.cE CH ira st q)- A F I FIa A F ..€o\ - O.IOO\tn tn raö$ \n:t\n tÖO\\O \Oö.lN\O O\trn C{OcO q) F*\o$<. t-- | ct-f, \oo!n \ooocö *S \OcAtlnOO OOr- öirnO\ cacac{ - - sÖl \O[n\f,CO - * CAcaN tr q) -ar I - q)v F I .!l- t F I I -a t- CE (n L t J Fl - '. t4) oo $ Öl ca tr) O lal O C.l cO O \O \O t-- ca F- O\ - o\ s o # oo rn $ o o\ Q o $ * OO oo o\ !n rf, - OcAOO *C.lO@ **\O\n \OrnF-OO a0 O\ l-- N oo r- c.l o\ c-l o * -r t-- \n v sl H €\O\O\O O\O\oOoO @ ol cn öl o\ o\ t-- öl c.l t= I c.l C{ öl N .I'|( L F q) L €-!l -- .-I tr o0 cg Ot--O\cn OFO\cq OF-O\ca Ot--O\cO Ot\O\ca ol--o\cq oF*o\co ot=o\q) oF*o\q) AO OO OO O\ OO OO AO O\ OO OO OO O\ OO m OO O\ €ooooo\ F O\ O\ O\ O. O. O\ O\ O\ O. O. O' O\ O\ O' O' O. O\ O\ O\ O\ *ääe ä88S äääe rääe -**3*****--+--*F - **--***H****--** -H-* *J F I q) F F s - a al F XJgE I vAOd - 46= bFO 9 *,n I t E io \- + F ,q d 'E ,E o ä c' ü 5 .s 4 *oz-5 ä EF & 5 * HE 6 E ca itr d n m E Ei tr Jr E STRUCTURESTII21 F-\noOoo "-ln\n .'öi o d--* O\\OS oo ca ol öl öl \n ca s$ *€c>t\ Qr-i rO -O\\n "O\oO C.] * (r.l - $ool./') cOC\tN $tr- .! cOC.lO.lN oo\O*öl ^ a ^ .. \O \n OO\oO€ oo c\.1 t-- \NO C-l O\ (\l* \ns$ca \no\o\\o "C.lcao\ $Öi** t'- * C..l *--- öi :f, c-l oo t-- t-- Q\q\q) OI--O\q) OF-C co Ot\O\ca OF-O\eö Or-O\co Ot\O\ca O t*- O\ c.) 9p€qcO\ oOooqcq\ €ooooO\ SgCpqcO\ ooooooO\ -öoooO\ -öoöO\ oo oo oo o\ O\O\O\O\ O\O\O\O\ O\O\O\Or O\O\O\O' O\O\O\6 O\cF,cr.,ö O\O\cnö AAAA -*+* --*# **-* -*** *lt- ä--* **-* -F-- tr- A v oo c-o l-r cd b0 F =r F Av* ,iVH.- v a ä\ f t F- L B=q$:l e€E FF'trso, =()(t qJ===o'== JZ:Q o rt- =\a oo" c.lvioo^ " " v?qq " io -qqoo- | \o- o"\o^1" "n"\" \v1o{v1 1v?c1 ,.4) -cn\OF- O\ \nC{ \n$F- O\OÖl t= O, O\rnrnoO -f,$$ C.loQc! oo - $ $ $öl ölölÖ.1 \otn\o \ns <,rn!ö\n caÖlc.) \o\o\o -v, > >ßäE " 1di'/i\ n I qq olqc{ " c't€^o^ " " v1oo^ " o^\vI\o^ o^q\ c1 oo^o. $O\Oca \n FoO tr-t--oO \Orl.)F- r-- s *Oln- ölCaCO t--O\C.) \n\n$F- \O \O\n cocacQ f-oOoo C- oO t-* \O \O \O t-- \O $ € oo oo " " "-i\ " v?ö*\o"\ c\qq " qoq\o- \o"qo^v? o{ | qq o{\v} $^-1 oo- t \O O O\ \n cA tn rn \n \n \n F* \O t-- t-- oo\Ocac.'l SN€ F-r--S O,6ö0\ O\ ooo\ O\O\O\ O,O.O\ O\O' O\ t-- O\ O\ O\ O\ OO O\ O\ O\ " v1 n"$-,q qc\oo^q oo^ o^ q " $^ \o" o" " $^o^ " oqc{o^oo- \v}oq \OOF- f-t*-\O- Or-\OO \OF-\n O\O$ O\Ö O\oO\O\n cOcAcA \o \o \o oo oo \o \o (*r ln \n tn t-- \o t-- t-- \O t-- \O t-- t-- tr- \O t-- It- t'- \O Ot*-O\c.) Otr-O\cri OF--O\cö OC-O\c.) Ot--O\ca Ot--O\q) Of--qtq! Q\q9! QLOCa -öoöO\ -öoöcri -öoooO, -öoöO, -öoooo\ oooo@q" ooepqrq" oomooq\ €q9ooq\ O\O\6t.,ö, 6r.,6l,O\ö, O\O\6l,ö O\O\O\ö O\6F,6F,ö, OrOrO'O' O\O\O\O\ O\O\O\O\ O\O\O\O\ ---s ---* ***- --ts- -*-- F.ii*- dFi-- -Fl:* \i*Fli b,N \- .\ fö ..\ S,- j9 s a\ oos ä0 d il\ Li o t \o *i^ t r g :E! + E A € ,E $t E äüq 5o E 'r E .E .r; )6ä&=*gEE € B E ca c.itrdOintrrrlE,jrts STRUCTURESTII23 \o^\o^-lc1 ..1\o" '. ol 1o^ol \o*or * cQ oO rn oO \O !f, C.l C> \n \O \.) O r-c€* t-- !n ca$ct)$ cr)ö.loco cac.io sf,.+S [n \n t- ..oo^v?o^ ..O v?\o^q vlqo^q oO c.l t-* F C.l C{ O\ O ölNQ* ooOO !nF-S t-- tr- .tr t-- tr- oo atcao$ \oaoo r.)s$ t'- F- F_ ,rI .. \A A \o" o- ,ri cq 1O- \o^ " ={ -: o^ CO ln F( cqtf,\n$ cOcaQ* F-o}\O (n tf, ö.1 O\ O\ O\ O\ O\CI\OO\- O\O\O \O^ q \o- O" -t" O^ " " "oo* 1 \ \\o^o^ Q-={ OO--C.) O\\OO\n *c.rO 00\oo oi o. t-- oo oo oo t-- t-* o t-* \o\oo t-- t-- r-- \o \o F Q!:q9! Q\OrCl Or,--O\cö Ot--O\qa Otr-O\co Ot--O\co Ot--O\ca OF-O\ca Q9qQ@O\ oo€9pq\ 99Spepq.\ €qe@O' ooooooO\ ooooooO, -öo€O\ -öoooOi O\O\O\O\ O\O\O\O\ O\O\O\O\ O\O\O\O\ OrO'Orö' O\O\O\6 O\O\O,ö\ O,O,O\ö *--* *F.i-- *--H --** *--- **** r*-- --*- ti A l, _= c-a 9A cü bo d = J L'd xqo i7v Cü =+9) b0'=öOE öC)h XEE =Oü) ;-öiso= JZ:Q o.v)apt! TII24 STRUCTURES "\\" oOO\$O\ cAC!öl OO\O \v)€"c{ €^ to^cr} 1c{o-" o-\o^{" F-l.nic.l \o !n- cocQ- \nFF- \oco FreO\O O\r'-- !noO\n oO O\ O\ ln $ Ö.1 tr- F- t-- F- ci ca cA cA <' dca-f,ca \n\o\o coc{cn Oo\ooO O | *oo \oOc.) F-*f,# " q-i " tr- or\ lr) cA öl O\ t-- vvvvl ^rA^^ t'.i\o^=qq c{q$-q qq1" \o-qq" "c{v?" oo-oo-oqcl oo- o" v? " o^,rI q " O\O\dtn cöO*C-.1 I--oOO\ O\OO cAaO \n*t$ oo\oo \oor- C-.1öl Ce * F.i r-r - (\ iO cer cn N C.l ö1 öI ö1 - F.i * * rölöl c\c.lc\ *xKROt--O\ca xKKROF*O\cn xxxeOFO\ca OF-O\cO Ot--O\cA *ä8eOF-O\c.) rsäeOt--O\q) ääreQF-q\S! ää8e QbOCf) *räe ---- xäKS t*-* ***- *-** -*-* Fitt- **tlt -*** F.lrtt* E \) F sf je E c\ s.SaoG Äü E E E5,^ z= 9 -s ts! f # Ä 'ä g ,r; S*;)oqqüE*Eed s E * E s ca "dtrlmAcaElraF.iiE STRUCTURE,STII25 \o^ol\1 -i\Q- qqo^ oo^\o^=q .' "@\n lr) cq oo oo ä-aat O\c{O \n\Oöl € o{ \n\nt.r$ \o \o \o tn\O -f,-f,t1n ca \o '. 'A .A /- .. QQ-o{ s.-o"Q qq=q " \n \o -A^ ö.1 C.l t= \O 6l \n O $ \vrv $O\\O oo o\ -f,N** \n\| -+ F öl .. rA a ^ .. \ o- o^ o" q oo^ o^ oo" tr-ooO co co OOOO -NOcO vvv ..oo ,. a- $ o\ * F \n C) co ca o oo o\ ca - M Q\O\S! Ot--O\qA OF-O\cA OF-O\cO Ot=O\cO Ot--O\cA OFO\ca OFO\cn OO0OOOO\ @rcOOO\ ooOOoOO\ OOOOoOO\ €rcooO\ OOoOOOO\ OOOOOOOT €OOOOO\ A^^A^^ -,-.O\O\ O\O,O,O\ O'O'O\O, O\O\O\O' O\O.6O\ O\O\O\O' O\O'OO\ -d** **-i* d-#- **-- *-Fl* *-t- tr \J: c q.) Gbo s c'! 5r L.i v - a) iiv (d- F+0.) F bo'=d0€ 0.)q)X ! XEE =€).t) EäF:3 JZ:Q Arv)v)Dt! TI126 STRUCTURES r1- :ba .t" ls c{\o^{o- lq\ tr) *O-O cA O\\O oo öl -rz = >ß vI .rl " -OOOr "\O* c.iCiO* oo ö.1 @ cq cq tr- o^ oo^ oo" n" v1 | oo^ c1 c.I .i \n - c.'l co * c.) o oo oo t-- oo t-- ö.1 \O \O O\ cA \O \O O It* o\ oo or (.1 - * (\ H C! C-l C.) C\| O.l C.l -- -C.)NCQ - -f, "qc1 " \r"oo^o?c.l o^\c1 " " -r O ta) q ro{\ qqvl" \o^q.c{" 1c{q aaA- t rnca $$$ \fc"lcq C'lÖl JcqrOf- rn\Otn C{c.ln c.l "qq" q'ri\" $sf,\n 1o^ ol \ qqoq\ q\o-" o"v} 1" $"qqq co ca c\ öl \o c.l -r \o \n OI--o\co Otr-o\ca OF*o\ca Ot--o\cn OI=o\q) Q!:q,Ca Or=qtq! OF-qq! Qbaca €ooooo\ ooooöo, -öooooi -öoöo\ -öoöo, -ggqoo\ -99&S' oo€ooo\ oo€ooq\ gl\o\o\ö öööö öO\O\}i 6n6F,O\Ö, O,O'O'O' O\O\O\O\ O\O\O\O\ o\o\o\o\ o\o\o\o\ -#F* ---* ---- *#*F +H-- -*-- Fl**- *Fl-i* *#*Fi s C- :F VU€ ca :0,) > '-o F "$ 6 ÄüEp,^ Eg 9 -S F! t r S=-rdod * E Ä € .F E E d n D s E co \trr!EAÄsr! a 5 ä E 3 E STRUCTURES TI12] rrl b0 . . oO C{ ö.1 t-- \o co oo c.l c.l rn * CO C.) \i ,ri ,ri !T ca 0) o c.) h 6 *t 0) F (.) t. \A ^ A ..\n L $:tO\$ oot'-Ool\ vv\v cOOO, * - =t c.l rAA/^ ,- xt \o c-l o .a vv.v o\ cq oo .f, ca *O] o F F *$$ q a 0) L a E a !* ö+z o E3 dc) 9F C).E -/? öq O\$O\n oq o^ \o" " "-i\O dd 1 v?.\q. -.Y \n \n rn r) LG $to$ cA\tF- oo sf, (!^ I a? 00^ 7:f F.- J4 9= )- - Od a oc) E ag I ö- -c)ä r cb< FE8 € EE t-r$\nO\ öl-OO\ " qo{o^ 7'E _ rotk \o.t$$ \oooo\n \o$o \O O c-l _vF- EAY AH * r_ä-od . P *P!- 6Q f" a) I"Earv !!r-- !asa : HES ä E rs = o-i XO J&F9 (J I- !- s Q!:qA QI--O,Ci Ot--O\ca OF-O\Ca OF-O\ca OF-O\ca OFO\ca OF.O\co (ts e >ä gp9g@q\ ooooggq, F! > eQ€@o, @qpmo' möoooo\ -öo-oi -öoöoi -öomoi O Yfr.5 O\O\O\O\ O\O\O\O\ O\O\O\O\ O\O\O\O\ O\O,O,ö O\O\O\ö öööö ct.,ct.,cI.,ö\ -H-t *Fi*- --** -d-* **FlH t*FlE *-F# --F- q -9ö JLL6 <.r 4: +: H E 9s,: a E =,? Y-.qa UAN- ,.LTL V O:F J ä E: EE i äEü H tr ,Z E E Pa ^ -YJV^^ -€v E 9.9E ä da0 (-'! F,i S;E H t -,.'-4 iiv ,:i häh: $ 4 F'/ 9P'=boE .. F FS F P EgF::3 PEäfi: Act(nDgl 3e ce STRUCTURES T/129 3.5.2.2 Main crops in 1993 (1 000 ha) EUR I5 Belgique/Belgiö Danmark BR Deutschland Elläda Espafra Share Share Share Share Share Share in in ln in in in Area Area Area Area UAA Area Area UAA UAA UAA UAA UAA (vo) (vo) (vo) (vo) (vo) (Eo) a A 2 J 5 6 7 8 9 l0 1l t2 l3 UAA total 1284s1 100,0 | 344 100,0 2739 100,0 17022 100,0 3 539 100,0 24714 100,0 Cereals (total, excl. rice) 312 23,2 1438 52,5 6 224 36,6 | 354 39,3 6 379 25,9 of which: common wheat 12 944 [0,1 203 l5,l 619 22,6 2 385 t4,O 329 9,3 L 379 5,6 durum wheat 2 889 )) 0 0,0 10 0,1 583 16,5 651 2,6 grain maize : l8 (') 1,3 331 l,g 212 6,0 265(t) 1,1 barley 'to9 rr 337 8,8 66 4,9 25,9 2201 l2,g 167 4,7 3 541 14,3 rye 2 0,1 78 2,8 671 3,9 19 0,5 184 0,7 Rice : 19 0,5 4g 0,2 Sugarbeet 2 088 1,6 99 7,4 66 2,4 522 3,1 46 1,3 180 0,7 Oilseeds (total) 14 1,0 165 6,0 I r27 6,6 19 0,5 2187 g,g of which: rape 4 0,3 164 6,0 I 007 5,9 13 0,1 sunflower 82 0,5 18 0,5 2l4l 9,7 Olive trees :: Cotton 32 0,0 :: 32 0,1 Tobacco 0 0,0 3 0,0 20 0,1 Hops : 0 0,0 23 0,1 1 0,0 Potatoes | 457 t.l 53 3,9 47 1,7 312 l,g 208 0,9 Dry pulses 7 0,5 124 4,5 g6 0,5 219 0,9 Fresh vegetables (total) 57 4,2 16 0,6 77 0,5 426 1,7 of which: tomatoes(l) I 0,1 0 0,0 0 0,0 57 0,2 onions(r) 0 0,0 I 0,0 5 0,0 26 0,1 Fresh fruit (tot.) excl. citr. fr. 14 1,0 5 0,2 70 0,4 932 3,9 of which: apples 9 0,7 2 0,1 39 0,2 54 0,2 pears 4 0,3 0 0,0 2 0,0 38 0,2 peaches 0 0,0 0 0,0 78 0,3 apricots 26 0,1 melons 0 0,0 0 0,0 8 o,2 50 0,2 Citrus fruit (total) : 0,0 270 1,1 of which: oranges and mandarins 38 (',) l,l l4l 0,6 lemons :: ll 0,0 Almonds 44 0,2 Vines 0 0,0 103 0,6 136 3,8 1 280 5,2 Flowers and ornamental plants I 0,1 0 0,0 9 0,1 I 0,0 2 0,0 Green fodder 163 l2,l 322 I 1,8 | 322 7,9 0 0,0 578 2,3 Source: Eurostat. (t) 1992. T/130 STRUCTURES 3.5.2.2 (cont.) (1 000ha) Nederland Österreich France Ireland Italia Luxembourg Share Share Share Share Share Share in in in in in ln Area Area Area Area Area Area UAA UAA UAA UAA UAA UAA (vo) (vo) (vr) (V") (vo) (lvo) 9 l0 ll 12 l3 I 2 -t +^ 5 6 8 20r5 100,0 3 449 100,0 UAA total 27 0r1 100,0 4 278 100,0 14736 100,0 127 100,0 187 9,3 825 23,9 Cereals (total, excl. rice) 8 517 31,5 79 1,9 3 841 26,1 30 23,2 of which: 6,6 118 5,9 241 7,0 common wheat 4293 15,9 889 6,0 8 durum wheat 222 0,8 I 410 9,6 10 0,5 170 4,9 grain maize 1 848 6,8 181 4,2 927 6,3 't,o 10,8 40 2,0 265 barley | 623 6,0 425 2,9 14 8 0,1 0 0,3 7 0,4 82 2,4 rye 45 0,2 Rice 26 0,1 32 0,8 232 r,6 lr7 5,8 53 1,5 Sugarbeet 44r 1,6 276 1,9 0 0,0 3 0,2 Oilseeds (total) | 409 5,2 316 2,1 2 1,3 2 0,1 0 0,0 of which: rape 550 2,0 6 0,0 2 1,3 36 1,0 sunflower 786 2,9 t24 0,8 Olive trees 14 0,1 I 133 7,7 : : Cotton 0 0,0 Tobacco ll 0,0 109 0,7 : : Hops I 0,0 22 0,5 166 8,3 31 0,9 Potatoes 164 0,6 6 0,1 93 0,6 I 0,7 7 0,3 Dry pulses 743 2,8 l2l 0,8 I o,7 76 3,8 9 0,3 Fresh vegetables (total) 3t5 r,2 477 3,2 0 0,1 1 0,1 0 0,0 of which: tomatoes(r) 11 0,0 113 0,8 0 0,0 14 0,7 2 0,0 onions (r) 7 0,0 16 0,1 0 0,0 23 1,2 : Fresh fruit (tot.) excl. citr. fr. 218 0,8 923 5,6 l7 0,8 : of which: apples 79 0,3 79 0,5 6 0,3 pears 16 0,1 52 0,4 : 0 0,0 I 0,0 peaches 23 0,1 77 0,5 0 0,0 apricots 19 0,1 16 0,1 0 0,0 melons l8 0,1 19 0,1 r,2 : : Citrus fruit (total) 3 0,0 183 : of which: oranges and mandarins 3 0,0 123 0,8 : lemons 0 0,0 38 0,3 : Almonds 3 0,0 rl4 0,8 : I 0 0,0 : : Vines 942 3,5 0 0,0 979 6,6 1,0 0 0,0 J 0,1 0 0,0 Flowers and ornamental Plants 7 0,0 l:0,0 229 ll,4 Green fodder 1 879 7,0 | ,s, 6.7 22 17,3 STRUCTURES T/131 3.5.2.2 (cont.) (t 000 ha) Portugal Suomi/Finland Sverige United Kingdom EUR t2 Share Share Share Share Share in in in Area Area in in UAA Area Area Area UAA UAA UAA UAA (vo) (vo) (vo) (vo) (vo) 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 lt UAA total 3 950 100,0 2 6g9 100,0 3 359 100,0 16 389 100,0 118954 100,0 Cereals (total, excl. rice) 699 r7,7 923 34,3 I 153 34,3 3 031 19,5 of which: common wheat 238 6,0 99 3,7 305 9,1 1 758 lO,7 n 455 durum wheat 12 0,3 I 0,0 2 886 grain maize 170 4,3 :: 0 0,0 3 748 barley 62 1,6 459 l7,r 420 r2,5 I 164 7,1 9 472 rye 73 l,g 23 0,9 46 1,4 6 0,0 Rice 13 0,3 338 Sugarbeet I 0,0 33 1,2 52 1,5 169 1,0 I 800 Oilseeds (toral) 96 2,4 r45 4,3 537 3,3 of which: rape 3 0,1 r45 4.3 377 2,3 : sunflower 95 2,4 I 0,0 3 183 Olive trees 329 8,3 Cotton :: 383 Tobacco 2 0,0 218 Hops 3 0,0 Potatoes ')) 88 36 1,4 36 l,l 170 1,0 | 290 Dry pulses 32 0,8 244 1,5 I 559 Fresh vegetables (total) 0,3 6 0,2 169 1,0 of which: tomatoes(l) 9 0,2 0 0,0 0 0,0 0 0,0 : onions(r) I 0,0 I 0,0 9 0,1 Fresh fruit (tot.) excl. citr. fr. 135 3,4 0 0,0 2 0,1 32 0,2 : of which: apples 25 0,6 0 0,0 2 0,1 23 0,1 pears 13 0,3 0 0,0 4 0,0 : peaches 16 0,4 apricots I 0,0 : : melons 0 0,0 Citrus fruit (total) 26 0,7 : of which: oranges and mandarins 24 0,6 lemons I 0,0 : Almonds 42 1,1 Vines 268 6,9 I 0,0 3 7tO 3,1 Flowers and ornamental plants 0 0,0 12 0,1 Green fodder 419 10,6 73 0,4 : : Source: Eurostat. (t) 1992. TII32 STRUCTURES 3.5.2.4 Area used for the principal agricultural products Roots and brassicas Cereals Fresh vegetables including rice Potatoes Sugarbeet A 5 6 I 2 -'') | 682 2 r53 EUR 15 1992 38 496 r993 35 524 | 467 2087 - 12,8 -3,1 7a TAY 1993192 -7,7 X 55 63 101 Belgique/Belgiö 1992 311 r993 312 57 53 99 - - 2,0 7o TAY 1993192 0,3 3,6 15,9 65 1992 | 612 t6 54 Danmark 66 r993 I 438 16 47 - 1,5 7o T AY 1993192 - 10,8 0,0 13,0 534 1992 6 5r4 : 36r BR Deutschland 522 1993 6 224 77 3r2 - n.) 7oTAY 1993192 - 4,5 x 13,6 50 r992 | 401 t32 51 Elläda 46 1993 | 374 129 40 - - 8,0 7aT AY 1993192 -) 7 -) 7 21,6 163 1992 1 404 454 257 Espafla 180 r993 6 426 426 208 - r0,4 7oT AY 1993192 - 13,2 - 6,2 19,r 46t r992 9 345 332 184 France 441 r993 8 542 315 164 - - 4,3 VoT AY 1993192 - 8,6 - 5,1 10,9 7 22 31 Ireland 1992 300 214 : 22 32 r993 7) VoT AY 1993192 - 8,7 X 0,0 296 1992 4 225 501 106 Italia 276 1993 4 073 477 93 - - - 6,8 7oT AY 1993192 - 3,6 4,8 12,3 0 r992 30 0 1 Luxembourg 0 r993 30 0 1 0,0 TAY 1993/92 0,0 0,0 0,0 Vo l2l r992 183 78 187 Nederland tt7 r993 187 76 r66 - - - 3,3 TAY 1993192 )) 2,6 11,2 7o 54 r992 838 9 33 Österreich 53 r993 825 9 31 - - 1,9 7oT AY 1993192 - 1,6 0,0 6,r 0 1992 753 109 Portugal I 1993 712 : 88 - X VoT AY 1993192 - 5,4 x 19,3 32 r992 917 7 35 Suomi/Finland 33 r993 923 7 36 3,r TAY 1993192 0,7 0,0 2,9 7o 48 r992 1 168 6 39 Sverige 52 r993 1 153 6 36 - 8,3 TAY 1993192 - 1,3 0,0 7,7 7o r97 r992 3 489 180 180 United Kingdom r69 1993 3 031 r69 170 - - - 14,2 VoT AY 1993192 - 13,1 6,1 5,6 2019 1992 35 513 r 575 EUR 12 | 949 1993 32 623 t364 - 13,4 - 3,5 Vo T AY 1993192 - 8,3 X Source: Eurostat. STRUCTURES T/133 (1 000 ha) r3 157 4 t4 0,0 T4 163 7 t4 0,0 7,7 3,8 75,0 0,0 0,0 180 315 118 3 r65 322 r24 5 * '),, 8,3 ?;L 5,1 66,7 X 1 156 l 348 56 74 103 | 127 | 322 86 70 103 - 2,5 - 1,9 53,6 - 5,4 0,0 16 : : 138 t9 : 2l r36 1g,g X X X - 1,4 | 54r 598 245 924 | 405 2 187 578 2r9 932 | 280 4l,g - 3,3 - 10,6 0,9 - 8,9 | 69s 1 943 716 217 943 | 409 r 879 743 2r8 942 - 16,9 - 3,3 3,8 0,5 - 0,1 a : J 2 : 6 : X X 100,0 X X 466 992 r34 828 l 005 3r6 982 12r 823 979 -1) ) - 1,0 - 9,7 - 0,6 - 2,6 2 21 I : I 2 22 I I 0,0 4,8 0,0 X 0,0 6 2r8 10 24 0,0 1l J 229 7 23 0,0 - 50,0 5,0 - 30,0 - 4,2 0,0 : : : : : : X X X X X 78 40 l4l 265 96 : 32 135 268 23,r X - 20,0 - 4,3 1,1 0,0 : : : 0,0 : X X X 0,0 138 : 145 : : 2 5,1 X X X X 516 aa 5l 208 JJ I 537 73 244 32 I - 6,8 43,1 17,3 - 3,0 0,0 TII34 STRUCTURES öl .o- u1 -l o--- q-" 00 c>co cq* t.rtntnO, T gE a] rr) ca - OO O\ öl oO oo-oo @\ocoaa t-c{ oo-n^ qa \O O\ .o t-. dc.i öi+ c.i m !n c.l t-- o\ c.l O\ O\ c.rOOO(.'l a.)- OO OO ,,-J.' -'- v c) öo ?3 $3 L ä 88 33 3* S3 31 33 3A 3F ;3 3ü Ri RB U) c. ..lo\ \Ooo Cr) \Ooo .f,-S- qq t'ia" $."1 q^a. =? ll?' }E -Q n"v] 'i.n crc oo co tr) ;.i c>c J;i -; +.i ;; ..i; Ea i.'i 'oöi c'-öi öl- c.i öö ölöl ag< -O rt) t-- \o- a.) r- bo OA OT a oO- s tr- oo i+ oi-i +od @c\ oi F Oö _S öl$ () t'r F ao oo 0.) :oq qc\ o"q A_ c.) \O. .öooc\- n^q 9: c'.1 öl r- \dc.i r-NO\cOtr)Öl coN üF F- OO SR z- F- -: q\ qv) .t- cl öl q t-- c.l d] q. '{ -q EPO c! oc{ c.l$ !n- ()= O c-l O\OFF- TO. xÄ 88 NR rn co qc{ cÖ- +\o '.)c'l o\O o\o\ \ o"q o-{ i^a \oo- \d} a1 od-' oii \OOO-\O(.i\nr)- o\oo F-od' \or; rri co +S tddi öt Öo c{ "'i+ v1 oo -\n $,q qq Qo^ \c)" ,q$" v} !r o"$- \oo- f.lli ac\ ? oo$ odö o (.) cl \O^ oo- vl Scö ct\ cr? qa (J oq 1 O" \n^ oo'{ cno tr- OO O$ Fc-.l Öl- 3: € tr) OO =9 sF "9 L tO--? rnc.) 1.c.l \oco rn\O^ q\ qq o\q F-+- c'i\O- a? cn a?. af. o\o coo ä oo :J oi+ ö"ä SS 'dF' ood rJ+ ./iöi +-': oc'i dc-r c- N öö ör N rr) d)o- o^-\o- qa dla o- o^q \q \c- ?q ?o" 1q ?oo- T"q ?- Fc) .Öo +E noo moi \o$ o\,.; odc,i €- 16J roor c.l- * gg =F I r'l ca I rr}\o o\o oo\ cacooco*\O.a t-- O\ o\ !nO -lri +-l FJo e4z !ö .o OO do. c.ioi +ri öl o\ + oo a L J oo-q oo-o- q) ca Öl @ oi \o f-: qc{ \f- 6 \q ''- - n q co !s i i n ü E H H 3 H A ä F n STRUCTURES T1135 öl ooq)scrc \o @öIO\dFr o{ \o" oo oO H C-l ,{ -{ \ $öötr,s C\OV\J Cal f- Fl p coco$ rrl C!c\*ll OO\O\l oo f-- F- O. C-l eA \n (): SH? q O\ \t -\OoO '= t'- F * ä0 r-i t-l r-,{ 3SR o o c.l \n co I oo oo oo )4 --l -Fi* (n o0 .f, X X L =xx oo .f, 0 >! \o x X cl n 8xx cq C-l qg- c.l \O r\ C-l OO V-) Fr \a oo C{ c.)N vvv $ OO\m ca @ C-l Fr t-i r-r C.l c'i d \O L ca co ca c.i f- C- ll --H tl - (J I KXX c- r cö Sxx q.) ca) @ a c\ =q\ C-.lC{f--O\ ha €€8 q\\o^ c.l c{ ca f-ooo\,il UG t- O\ f- ,-r \O O' tl f- f- f- z^ $-t.f,1 cA cq C.l -i \o- oo\n\n SO $O\öl vv $$ F\ - x^ c\ cn c\l vv ll I l-ooO\ S.i O\ O\ O\ cA (*- O\ t\ ca t- !O O\ \n vl \o^ \o o\ $O\n \ co cd ci üö+caco ca ca \o tt oog6f-ll c\| öt c{ t'- ca \n oo f- E" oo oO t-* öl .f, ca oo \o \n l,ö O\\nO -\-l* @*cq-* ,rido k I ca$$ !n \o \o -OoocaO\ $Ooo O T\ \o v? *i oo^ O\ f- g.\ 00 +$öl-'f- cao\o c\ \n-r- L :f, ll I !n \n - v C-l C.l öi öl \n \o -* cA OO -f, c?\c? t-- sc\c\ CO f- O c.l f- o trl Tl +-t +-r öl q) I I 6g c\ O F,r (n \n 3 f- \O \n OFTOO oo- \o$o oo oo O\cOO a \o \o \o ca O\Oc\ rr'l tl -* li I I q) -a\ F t_r \n o F 8P O\ tn \n \\ \n O\ c.) - ü rn o'r c) m=: CA CA C.) o Sd\d ä13 rl eq$-f, ,X A L t'- \O $ q \o" r-r - ca ca co N \ö Ca \O oo \o t-r s c{ c\ C\ c{ O\ ,i -{ G oi c,i .ri (a ll c{c{vv \n \o \o - C-lNC\tll -F L q) .cE t :c) o \o c\t \n* r- \o tn \n \:fc-loo\n sf, c.l \n .9 bo C-l \O cO ca$ cO ,{ ,{ q) bo-ö C.l C.l öiooöl ;m tl (n \n \o -+J cqcacol +) G lr) I \o CH N [xx 3xx p ca f r'l c.l $ c) @ L -Fl *J 9 -ra L 4 €a ä0 a I .- ! oo \-r t 6 o - o\ ,-r ct cq co lö\ cö l* E O\ ca ca lO\ c.r l- F Älo\crl - ä e e elä ÄooO\O\ U ;54ä älä älä - l- ele- l- *o\o\o\ X soo a q s.s n J3 r r'l c? s \) t', * \.FF€ V? SFF I^s p Pr\ ca -aJ G tss {a' q TI136 STRUCTURES ö.1 I- a] \o" ooölo\ r- rn oo - c.l t-{ t c.lo- Aar\ I v t oO t-- f- >) r-'l II \o^ co tn x C-N\n \o ca \n \o osxoo- Sax\o^ F- Fr OO c.] cq \o = t-- \n \o \OO\XCl c{t>Xc'l t\n$ oo\os ts- S* S- -r$Xc\ c.) I*r X COCÖF c.r Ol oos ö.1 C..t | I t-- F- ooo\x\o- bax'rl O\ O\ C.) \O CA ca c-l oo I \n$l +-iNxa r=ax-i c.l - -f, \nqt$ *-l ca o\ \n$l -i ooo\xo{ c.l \n x (n cO \O Fi t-- \O -tl Sf- rn.f,l C t- \O OO oO \O cA t'- O ,-.r \O ,-r cnöii\d\d o\6t'-6,ri öl r-i F.r -$ \O Fi H tl \nssll z a{ F.r O\ X 0 ssxoo" c\ \n In ca \O F- a --l \o cl -6t c!c1l I q) N o- a 5.(nxc? gExn O\ r-'r - vv -U c\lcn- Fr\ÖF L cr1 C\l I c) I -a A \o" t---txq - oo öl x \n $ ö^) 6 0 +ä : oOt-i- - C-l C..l I F I I lr -.cB \O" tr-\oxa () t-- c.r X \n\n- - \o-o F {-)*.) c.l c{ F O\ t-- cü I I I CH C v st OO O.l \n q) dot\o ö6q"idi L o\aAcdl lf, .f, S rt öl c-l c..l tl +)- tl 9 )!a L +) ct) o0 lt .-I ä0 ?. = ca olo I o\ cn co lo, = lq = o\ =lA ä cr3 - I :äee - s e e elä-r- elä-r- alä-,- alä Eä () : 3: 5 = öi > 4 I! öO J3 .. M? n s p;)^ c? s'Frr, Y rr'l FS SFF SFF n \ss ,: CC ca tss STRUCTURESTII37 I cq q\ q.\o- 'r1O ooc.l qvl oo oo o\ -i c\ ,r; ..; :f, ^l c.i oi + ,-i !n cq f- \O c.l D ct C] F c.l rrl *s' :t \O cO cA ("1 \ t-- FV ca oo oo ö.1 .t c-l v (.) d) .o-n" qq qoo" qv) v]1 ,q\ vlc{ L ll 1$" lq |q 1- o.n ocl c.lo\ octcd g: diod ric.i -l+ d* () F 88 ".,.l $K (n 'ct _\ v) oO- t'-oo O\.n oOC.l -\O lr) d.d c.iri Cr\* O\\Olä cO- C-lO C.lO c.lo = gg Xfg ;S S: jö äo ää ää ää IA LL €^ corn oN o\o -o Ötc- $<1- v -qi r d ea qla ;ä oi= c:b öä ..io OO cl\O ca- () ca \ (.)t-" t-- a 00 (\t- oo^.1 qo- ba c.] \cl aq Orn an $ OO F- Fr o.\ l-- O ö.1 a.) z- C.l al $ cO ()=EPO -I:\ F-\Orn- oo oo tr)s xÄ i c.i ,ri öi rJ,t; d ö.1 $-oo- \o"_$" qo- ? ?oo" \oo" \ct o-m- qv] e-.o- v-iq \c\ -3] coln ooo coJ : r.-r-. orJ o* \oöi v.; ,-,1 cdc.i ot 88 5i \o-1 3 _ 1.q ^to. q\ \o-\ \c.l qq oo-c{ n"n" o","} q\ oF- oco cro vr j \ci= c.rod i.ri oir.: od- C) \ 88 gg g: () co C{- O\ f- o"\ qo" oo N AI c.toF* L NN c.l * ci \O* !n\n cio ClC\l CN- \O- @t-- oO$ o|\t-- -F\ cAF-. tr* o( aa +J .rivi dä ä.i ä.o ;;f äb -c{ *"c ;l dä ;b a rrl \O- ö.1 \O O t*- t-- cö \O oO oO cO - <- rat cn F- Fr F- cq O\ rn O C.l 'r) .nP ca RR ölo\ oo\o F\n \Oc.i Oöi r-J \nO c.i ö \cjo ,rio o\ rrl v9-ql o\ F- \O,O OO $O\ a ü,zP ^l \cl tr) i oi 'd c.i ri F.J oO- q)|. ^l ö.1 - öl -E & A L - G oo ..1 c1 O\ c.l .f, F- oo O f-- ö.1 Crr $ ^ d+ d'd +-l cO OO oi'.o' L q) - I,e .1 c.l\o co|.) co- c.lco \ooo rr .9 öo ooo o\ol c).n corn \oC) \ooo F ooE aa gi ea o.d d.i c.ioi .-i -J -+ öä ;.iö -'- ;ä E vv_ö.1 "iöi _F -rl -m ai I -a ln -v ct p (n I r'1 ()L -A F F I -!a /I F 9 9? ,2? ,9? .2? 2q!a!a!a 3? 9q3a!a >> % clt :1 dL4tsLdL JL-' !r E€ E€ ä€ E€ Fo:C.)=0) .Il \ E! .EE '== .EE .EE 'EE .EE .EE .EE 'EE 'EE GI A s €fi tr$Ca c..1 f- oO co t-- O OOOO\\OO ral O\ O\ Fi OO C.l f- ^i -l f=ooF oo * l-- o\ o\ \n --c\ ---ll co*-ll t r'l öI öl ö] \o- q \nc{o q \o- öl O\ \O ct^l O" cO f- OO t$-t c-l c.I \ö \ö o\ F- O\ F- t-' \o \o \o -'ü tl c{ c\ öI c\| (.) X X o0 c-'| KXX \n c\ (,0.) \n t-- >E $ x X 8xx |r) $ v) lJ.l O\ oO caOO\ O\ \n oo$\n v\ O\ öo vv O\ O\ t-' öi C-l co ca co t vv cA ca c'l H tl rl \ 9xx äxx t-- L co @ L C) \n oo co oo oo \oo\$\noo q _i oo^ I A Lir\ \J v \n$s,ri+ C.l C.l \oo* b9 (r.l O\ O\ oO co$t x= ll z- !+--ll r-r \n O\ O\ I c.l öl c.l c\ c? O öl q, s" \n \n EPO -f,$ \o cO Fr c.l o c.l ca ca ca ><= tl ll -o\\n (\.1 tr- t-- \ ,rI O\Ot--*O $o\$ *cA cO ca oO \d ,/i c.l c\| \n C\ r-'r - F.l - tl -<* | | ll $KN \n \n ca f- Fi t'- O Fr OcA$cOt-' \rn$,ri+ aq\c.id $ r,ö t-- 6 sf c-.l c-'| c-.l c.l c\.1 () tl -rt€ll L oo^ er} t-i - O\ v1 c? $ o\ ca ct.) t-' \ () O,\O-i..i t-- O SO\o oo@ öl t @ ö.1 c.l Fr $o\\O c{ c-l C\l E ll \n$.f,11 öl \n oo \O \O c.l \o r-r o\ o\ O\ C-l ca caoo$ c..l -{ f- \.i $ l'- oO O\ F{ Fi 9\v oo \n ca q) F- c\ Fr- Fi*-ll i. rrl cq ll +) o (n f- O\ rt OO co$O\\O ö.1 (\ \n \O tr \n$caodcxJ Ca r-r Fr st\n I N öl c.l ll I - rrl Fl F q)- OO \n \O qq C.) O\ CA f- cl c'] \ a O tt- ca \o r- öl \o \o \o t-- C..l d,ö= tr) cO C..I C.l O F- cl^) Fi ri C.l - ll \n$\n (n6 oo^ oq J ,-'r @ \n q o^ A Ca 6.\ C.1 * F C{ C.l t-r \n$--i-i ca \n o\ I \o tr- t-- t-- tt- ca cÖ ca l.i d -.!s tl ll v1 oo^ c\l \o c.l cO tt- F- \o ca L 9,t $O\\n .- cqc{N tr-- t-- I-.OO ,ri \d \ö t'- oO C€ .g'5o ca oooOf- C-.i C\ C-l - ooE ll 9 -^A ll CH q) tr) FXX li $ t a.l 5xx - ca *) rrl I c-l -rt ti €a o0 F .O. .-I o0 F - = o ca ca lo\ ca l- = o\ ca ca lo' cri l- :S o. co 6g - OO O\ oF\ o|.\ IOO O, lO, / o\ o\ o\ o\ lo\ o, lo, : e e elä ele {s ä e e I - - F i - - lF l- Q x t- t- j a FR L V1 j3 \0 .^ rrl \ öO n $ s SE v? ]iFF SFF xss q ca EBa\a { STRUCTURES TII39 - N c v a ra t-- oO cA t*- O agoo\\oä F( =9 c.) O\ F< \ O\ t\ oo c'l C- \n F- * \O It- co \n ca o\ c-.1 Frrc.lil._i \n co co co A\ C\l co \n C\ C-l C\ ca X s I +S x a oo- t-i C\ ca cn .f, lr) C.l ca ca x- xo{ c\ OÖI Öl \n oo r- I I \r O\ f- cö oo \n \n X\ f- \O XA 'v - \n .f, c{ I ö.1 c\i I *oO oo" c.) x x3 oo - *oo c.) S c.l I co c.) I E o ß i- ooca$$\n r-.r (n CA ö.1 l- CO r- \O \n ca \n \o O-f,O L öl o\oc{\Ö\o (.) tl sf,cocoll z xv^ Oca xcl I C-l O\ .N c-l \O A lr) iA vv I I C.l - s \o t-- Fi \O \ \o c.) X1 X'r} a o\ O\ \O o\ o I I -(! I q) N .-l (n \o \o xcl oo rn $ $oo oo$ x-i \n -a C.l Fr \o c{ v : : L -/c) I I - c"i Fr O\ v x X\ 6 I co \o co O$ (n co \O$ ca I I F F I I fr I r-.Gl N öl v L \n\no \O \O $\oo\ o\n .I c! I o.l F.$O rj o\ N\NF - cg öl C.l öl scac\ - tl F CH tl q) l.t- ta 9 -t L I (a 00 I I .I ä0 ;I = c! O\ ce cO lO\ - lOr = 6.\ cr^r r-l lOr - lO\ F oo O\ O\ O\ loO O\ loO ö o\ oi oilö o\lö - v q q o\ olo\ o\lo O\ O\ O\ otIO o\1o\ (.) ^ F t- d8 5Fl- ; i öi > oq IJ.] s € .. xl- cl s S !p n IFF .F.SFF Y rr'l A< ca EBaBa 3 e c TII4O STRUCTURES r..1 - t') V) 0O- (..l co ö] t-- O c., ON O\ aF: ö{ öl d"'i oo -€ ;; ;:; ;; i-; T' t ta) r r-l a-a cc.c" al \O 'l- c.n ölc. qcö. o: - Jre ö.rF- tt-- 'F tr- O r/) c-, n= SS öO (-l "1 "sz c.) \ \n q) öl U) öl >9 n 3* s3 l-.r=88 3? 3S 3i 3l RR ?ä E3 (D IJ- $ H C) F c.t öt (.) oi q \o +- V} C'J öl oo öl o'l ca oo OO Ocl OS =tq ,rt + 'i c.l $r- oi .U: \o Or- c-l c-l tr) - HT |r) z- t/) -öt @. öl a\t O\ öl -,!n O.\ qs- o- EPO co s-- @ a.l -OO o t-- O\ r-- =9 cr -öl |r)öI 0{ xÄ 5 a.l cl \n\o- o.e ooc{ clo ? tB -9"q,-i€ c'iöi J+ öic'i -ld R3crö $3$o 33 ä3\o- ä 9= co.1 .a c'rr- t--.Ö v)\o- q\o- 1\ R? a\o- 1q 19 t*-t-- dK dri ao d+ d.d i..i clco 5= ä == k ra) rn F- O\ ca {) (..r OO oo oo ca|r) n" c'] .AA ,ri d c.; c.i F c] c.l an oo ca öi 00 ö i aö v) F-. rr'l rrl &öY |r) 3* iB 3K i3 33 ca äEE 33 är ä; \3 o\ o .v Lr NFt--$oO\O\O\O =qq 6 t-- OO OO c{ q. co -o\ oi+ v c.l o oc'i Otr) .i-; ++ \n- li v E R= q) v rI- tf, ta) |r) Ö- + N t.- F 9't \O OO OoO -oo \o ö.1 r.) F- t-: *id; - oo vvototn l;i ++ oiq öic'i _:, to .t+ ä; c.) öl r') F ctsr oo6 F- 6e $ L q) -A ! !n t öl - ;) c- - rrl T n F I cg (n L q) -A I F- arn.9? ra 9a 9a 2? 3a .9? .2? 96 3e - 4R. h F :C) I i< tr: .EE .EE .EE .EE - vaA .-b0 O\ \n OO [n O\ ooooo$\n \O^ -i .O" c.] tr- co t-.i co \n co (-- rn c') C'l \n F- \O O\ oo \n =. |.n s. oo \n \o tl F- D ei Fr C\ trt --- oo tt- t-- t*- \O Cl^r O\ O\ \O CA v1 q \o^ --* @-\O_l^i m tr- o c'i ca \n oo Fr t-' \O ln I t-- tr- $$.f t4 q) C.l X X FXX \ö\ c.) t-- C.l v) c.l öl >E X X r: rr) EXX t-- co c..l u) LJa oo\oo oq --i o\o\n\oo \n$@ 00 \o \o \n O\ \O \O $ c.l ta) -i ^i \n \n F* F- \n \n \o F *-- tl c..l c{ ö] 0) KXX NXX F a.) c.l () @ N c.l I OooF- o\t\$öl$ q c? oo- cq c\| c.l ba caN c{-\o \O -Öl\o I= c\ O\ c\i c)$ tn F- \ö z- tl ---cqca$ $$\n I *--lri-.1 \-.r$C.l$t-- trbo \O \oo-a c.l * tr- tr- d .r; - \Ö t-- x= \-.1 - \Ot-C tl F O\ öi C.) \o" *-i tcaoorno 11 ,ri \o \o (nöl$^i_l \ t-- C.l cr^) m $ cO c-I F< \-.1 C-l ln .O -c{co tl O\oOoOll cq co cö oq \ö r.ö t-- \o ct^) oo^ oo^ - o\o\@Ä^i G c.l \n tr- tr- * O\O\$=N O\ O\ cO L - co ea \n sooo v1 q. \n oo ci c.l co (.) \O -+ \v?o{ C.l F- O\ t*- \O oo -f, - t-r 00 *-- i\öooFico F-ooO tl c.l c\ c.l - *\-l- tO\O c? cl OO\OOO\@ oO*cA ooc.t$ \nOoO-l^i c{- Fl - ,y - oo t= t-- F. oco@o\tr- v1 0{\ 6 c.l C..l C{ O\ OO \O (t) c.i C.i rn OO $ !-.r t-- n $\no F o\$ca F- ll O\ O\ \-i öIcA$ tr A r- B:g öl t'- \n $ \n $O\n\O\O v? ,q \o- eöo c.l*tod+ t'- \n \O -f, o0 co \f, \n ,-r ÖI O\coF .- bo c) A 'im O\ O\ t-- H tl \o \o tr- C-l cO $ c: rn \.) q) €xx =xx tr rn oo \d -!a cl t-- € t r'1 9 I L q llj a oo FI I R .I ä0 g. FI I c! = o - cc ca lo\ rrr l- io\ca -/ + oo o\ o\ o\ loo o\ lo\ 8 g - ä n slg nlä -ö RRR O\ O\ O. O\ lO\ O, lO' O\ O\ O\ Or lor O, lO, svrv\v\ U x - t- - t- -r- -r- \--- soo ö q J R.s H s J3 UF f r'1 d \s S gs \FF .F.SFF L n iuPL ca üss {\ q STRUCTURES T/143 - -ra t p EI @O,\ncOO l-- c.) cq @ ca ö.r O\ l-- S oi + vto\nt--s A co*lr) t-- O\ O\ C.l $s.f,J.i öltr)r-+O oo s r.i !n .i c.i cQcQc.{ll $ O t-- .{- r- cioooo rV)$c.ic.i cö c-l di c.i \o t-- f- F- \O c{v)ottr)öl \O C-l |r) \O C.l \o'r)'.)+"d a?Yl+.'i I $cnca c :, \O"vO *c.l"x\ doo"; ci oo O\N I c-r c.l t- o,\o"xq ^lN .oo \aol"s \o I I ct) (a -CE I q) N O\ oO \O @ ci o\ c-l .- cooon,Äi c.r t-- $ .f o ..)Nöl\ \Oi.)ö tl I -U L -q) h rI ta)r.)o\OO $ \O O. O. c') 6 O\ t'- O\ c-] oo (n ööoF-\ntr) lncot/.)V) d tl F I k -.Gl .-oo A- CH q) lr- :)- 9 -!a L €a ä0 .-rl- o0 I I F. F o\ - O\ co m U o@o\o\ O äl5 ; : öi > IJ] aa .. t? { pp n I t!\< ca { 3ec T1144 STRUCTURES 3.5.4.1 Number and area of holdings (r) Holdings Farm size I 000 Va of total VoTAY class (ha UAA) 1993 | teOt 1980 1987 | 1993(') t987 | ls93(r) re8o I te8? I 2 q^ 5 6 7 8 9 EUR I5 l-5 5-10 r0-20 20-50 >50 Total 6 849,0 X X Belgique/Belgiö l-5 25,9 21,8 25,0 LJ,J 33,5 - 0,3 2,3 5-10 I 8,1 14,3 ll,2 18,1 15,0 -3,6 - 4,0 10-20 24,3 19,3 14,4 24,5 r9,3 - 4,0 - 4,8 20-50 r9,l 18,8 18,7 23,9 25,0 -0,2 - 0,1 >50 3,8 4,6 5,4 5,8 7,2 2,'7 2,6 - Total 9r.2 78.8 J4,J 100,0 100,0 - 1,5 0,9 Danmark 1-5 12,9 1,5 1,7 l,'7 2,3 - 14,4 2,1 5-10 20,5 14,0 I 1,8 16,3 16,0 - 4,2 - 2,9 t0-20 30,8 21,8 17,0 25,3 23,1 - 4,5 - 4,0 20-50 40,4 33,9 26,7 39,4 36,3 - 3,1 - 3,9 >50 l l,8 14,8 16,4 lJ,2 22,3 2.6 r.7 '73,6 Total 116,3 86,0 100,0 100,0 - 3,5 - 2,6 - BR Deutschland 1-5 215,8 196,9 182,4 29,4 29,5 - 4,5 3,8 5-10 r49,r 118,4 102,2 17,6 16,6 -4,1 -7,1 r0-20 181,3 148,5 123,4 22,1 20,0 - 4,2 - 8,8 20-50 177,9 166,2 153,1 24,9 24,8 - l,J - 4,0 >50 31.3 40.1 56,3 6.1 9.1 6.7 17.6 Total 797,4 610,1 617,4 100.0 100,0 - 2,8 - 4,1 - Elläda l-5 541,3 488,0 426,9 69,4 67,6 -2,6 6,5 20,0 20,0 -1,9 - 5,2 5-10 149,9 140,7 126,3 '7,6 l0-20 46,6 53,5 56,7 9,0 2,2 3,0 20-50 12,4 r7,5 18,0 2,5 2,8 4,2 1,3 >50 1,6 3,8 3,9 0.5 0,6 10,5 1,6 Total 751,8 103,5 631,8 100,0 100,0 1,9 - 5,2 - Espafla l-5 949,5(\ 821,1 750,4 53,3 54,J - r,4 4,4 5-10 274,2(2) 292,0 244,7 19,0 17,8 - 1,3 - 8,5 10-20 183,1(2) 189,5 165,7 12,3 l2,l - 1,1 - 6,5 20-50 t32,8(\ t44,6 124,9 9,4 9,1 -0,J -J,l >50 84,4() 92,7 87,0 6,0 6,3 0.3 - 3,1 Total | 524,0(2) r 539,9 | 312,7 100,0 100,0 - t,2 - 5,6 France 1-5 234,0 166,0 216,5 18,2 27,2 - 0,6 4,5 5-10 165,5 107,2 7J,5 II,J 9,J - 5,J - 5,3 l0-20 240,0 114,7 103,8 l9,l 13,0 - 6,2 - 8,3 20-50 345,0 299,2 205,3 32,8 25,8 - 3,9 - 6,1 >50 151.0 164.1 193.1 l8.l 243 1,9 2,J Total I 135,0 911,8 796,8 100.0 100,0 - 2.7 - 2.2 STRUCTUREST1145 Average size UAA ha 1000h Vo of total VoTAY 1993 1993 1987 I 1993(r) r980 1987 | t993(r) 1987 | 1993(r) r980 I 93? l0 ll t2 13 t4 15 l6 t1 l8 X X x X X X X X X X X r8.7 r28 255 XX X X 66,7 57 5l 4,2 3,8 - 2,0 - r,9 X X t32,6 103 g0 7,6 6,0 - 3,8 - 4,r X X 349,1 2gt 210 20,6 15,6 - 3,8 - 4,7 X X 566,0 510 591 41,8 43.2 0,2 0,3 X x 292,0 352 422 25.8 3r.4 2,9 3,1 It.3 18,0 | 407.0 | 363 | 344 100,0 100,0 - 0,4 - 0,2 X X 37,1 5 3 0,2 0,1 16,8 - 6,3 X 150,0 102 g5 3,6 3,1 - 4,3 - 2,9 X X 447,5 317 247 11,3 9,0 - 4,5 - 4,1 X X | 248,1 I 092 860 38,7 31,4 - 2,8 - 3,8 X X r 202,1 t 292 1 543 46,2 56,3 1,9 3,0 32.s 37.2 3 086,0 2798 2739 t00,0 100,0 - 0,9 - 0.4 X X 659,5 501 459 4,3 2,7 - 4,0 - 5,0 X X I 086,0 964 740 7,3 4,3 -4,2 -7,4 X X 2 635,2 2 163 | 196 18,3 10,5 - 4,2 - 8,9 X X 5 342,9 5 trl 4 809 43,3 28,2 - 7,2 - 3,1 X X 2 448,8 3 175 9 229 26.8 54,2 15,9 70,5 lJ,6 18,6 t2172,4 11926 17031 100,0 100,0 3,8 20,0 X X | 342,0 | tg6 r 042 32,1 29,3 - 2,8 - 6,6 X X r 004,2 949 955 25,5 24,0 - 1,8 - 5,1 X X 609,0 112 169 l9,l 21,6 2,6 3,9 X X 340,8 493 512 73,2 14,4 4,6 1,9 X X 133,4 372 390 10.0 10,7 12,3 l,l s.3 5,4 3 429,3 3 722 3 559 100,0 100,0 0,4 -2,2 X X 2 007,0(2) I 941 | 769 7,9 7,2 - 1,4 - 4,J X X | 894,7(\ 2 010 | 696 8,1 6,9 - r,2 -8,2 X X 2 522,9(2) 2 601 2 282 10,6 9,3 - l,l - 6,5 X X 4 070,2(2) 4 441 3 945 18,0 15,7 - 0,6 -7,0 X X 1288 t,4 (2) ß 676 t4 836 55.4 60.1 1,6 4,2 16,0 r7.9 23 376,2(2) 24 681 24 421 100,0 100,0 0,5 - 0,5 X X 620,0 432 440 1,5 1,6 - 2,6 0,3 X X r 2t5,0 795 558 2,8 2,0 - 5,8 - 5,5 X X 3 550,0 2 562 I 506 9,1 5,4 - 6,4 - 8,5 X X 10960,0 9 632 6 810 34,4 24,2 - 3,6 - 5,6 X X 12500,0 t4 613 18793 52.t 66.9 3,2 4,3 30,'7 35.3 28 845,0 28 024 28 t}l 100,0 100,0 0,2 0,0 TI146 STRUCTURES 3.5.4.1 (cont.) Holdings Farm size l 000 Ea of total 7o TAY class (ha UAA) 1993 | lee3 1980 | rqsz I t993(r) 1987 I 1993(j) te80 | les? 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 -7,0 - Ireland l-5 33,9 34,9 17,6 16,1 10,5 29,0 - - 5-10 35,4 32,9 24,1 r5,2 14,3 4,2 14,4 - l0-20 67,J 63,3 48,3 29,2 28,8 - 3,7 12,6 - - 20-50 66,6 66,3 58,4 30,5 34,8 1,4 6,1 >50 t9.1 19.5 19,6 9.0 tr.1 - 0.1 0,3 - Total 223,3 216,9 168,0 100,0 100,0 - 3.1 r2.0 - - Italia l-5 | 312,3 | 340,1 I 170,2 67,9 6J,4 1,3 6,6 -1,4 -J,6 5-10 322,3 333,0 284,3 16,9 16,4 - 10-20 166,8 17r,3 155,2 8,7 8,9 - 0,8 4,8 - 20-50 86,9 91,6 81,7 4,6 5,1 0,1 2,2 >50 38,0 38,0 38,4 r.9 2,2 0,1 0,5 - Total | 926,3 | 974,0 | 135,7 100.0 100,0 - t.2 6,2 - Luxembourg l-5 0,9 0,7 0,9 18,9 25,7 0,3 3,7 - - 5-10 0,5 0,4 0,3 9,9 8,6 4,4 5,8 - r0-20 0,7 0,5 0,3 12,4 8,6 - 6,6 8,7 -J,l 20-50 1,8 1,2 0,8 32,5 22,9 -6,3 >50 0.8 1.0 1,2 26,2 34,3 2,9 2,5 - Total 4,7 3,8 3.5 [00,0 100,0 -2,2 1,4 Nederland 1-5 31,0 29,2 38,4 24,9 32,7 r,J 4,'l - - 5-10 26,1 21,6 t9,3 18,4 16,5 2,3 1,8 - - r0-20 31,3 29,3 22,4 25,0 19,1 3,8 4.3 - - 20-50 30,8 32,0 30,4 27,3 25,9 0,1 0,9 >50 3,8 5,2 6,8 4.4 5.8 4.6 4,6 Total 129,0 Il7,3 lll,3 [00,0 100,0 - 0.7 0,0 Osterreich 1-5 5-10 10-20 20-50 >50 Total 308,2 : 267,4 - l.l x Portugal 1-5 272,4 278,4 380,8 72,5 78,1 2,6 5,4 - 5-10 43,9 57,8 54,0 15,0 11,1 1,6 1,1 r0-20 18,3 27,5 28,6 7,2 5,9 3,5 0,7 20-50 8,7 12,9 14,8 3,4 3,0 4,2 2,4 >50 6.2 7.4 9,5 1.9 1.9 3.3 4,2 Total 349,5 384,0 487,7 100,0 100,0 2,6 4.1 Suomi/Finland l-5 5-10 t0-20 20-50 >50 Total 224,1 192,2 191,9 - r.2 0,0 STRUCTURES T/147 1993(3) 1993(r) 1993(3) XX 98,0 gg 57 2,0 1,3 - 5,9 -24,4 XX 264,9 249 181 5,0 4,1 - 4,1 - 14,5 XX 977,1 916 101 18,6 l5,g - 3,6 - 12,5 XX 2 031,6 2 027 1 940 41,2 41,4 - l,l - 4,7 XX | 610,2 | 626 1 662 33,1 37,4 - 0,1 1,1 22,7 26,4 5 048,4 4 916 4 442 100,0 100,0 XX 3 022,5 3 045 2 678 20,1 19,5 - 1,3 - 6,2 XX 2 229,4 2 277 1 968 15,0 13,6 - 1,4 -7,0 XX 2 218,9 2 339 2 t30 15,4 l4,J - 0,7 - 4,6 XX 2 594,7 2115 2 631 17,9 lg,2 0,2 - 1,4 XX 5 279,6 4165 5 013 31,5 35,0 - 0,4 ?) t5 405,1 15 l4t t4 496 100,0 100,0 XX - 11 2,422 1,6 1,5 -2,4 LsL XX 3,832 2,4 1,5 - 4,9 - 6,8 XX 10,1 I 4 5,6 3,1 - 6,3 -J,7 XX - -'7 61,8 44 ' 5 2g 34,9 2l,g 6,0 tv XX 5l,J l0 92 55,6 72,0 4,5 4,6 33,2 36,6 129,8 126 t28 100,0 7l,g 0,3 XX 82,1 16 g3 3,8 4,1 0,1 1,5 XX 191,7 157 139 7,8 6,9 -) 5 - 2,1 XX 536,6 425 325 2l,l 16,1 - 3,8 - 4,4 XX 902,6 963 939 47,J 46,6 0,3 - 0,4 XX 300,2 396 529 19,6 26,3 4,5 4,9 rJ,z 17,2 2 013,2 2 0t7 2 0t4 100,0 100,0 0,0 0,0 XX XX XX XX XX 3675,4 : 3449 XX 581,6 626 649 19,6 lJ,g 0,9 0,6 XX 300,1 397 54 12,4 1,5 - r2,4 -29,3 XX 247,6 312 393 11,6 10,9 3,6 0,9 XX 26t,5 393 449 r2,0 r2,3 4,2 2,6 XX | 723,6 | 424 2 096 44,5 57,5 1.5 6,6 3 115,0 3 202 3 630 100,0 100,0 T,2 2,1 XX XX XX XX XX 13,2 r4,0 2 647,0 2 546 2 689 TII48 STRUCTURES 3.5 .4.1 (cont. ) t993(r) 1993(r) 11'7,9 103,6 91,5 - - 29,4 32,8 26,J 13,5 I 1,3 l,l 9,8 - 3r,2 30,2 30,5 12,4 12,9 0,3 0,5 - 39,8 3J,r 37,4 15,3 15,8 0,7 0,4 - - 67,6 61,8 60,J 25,4 25,7 r,2 0,9 - 91,3 81,0 81,0 33,3 34,3 0,1 0,0 249,2 242,9 236,2 100,0 100,0 -4,5 : 3411,0 3109,1 49,2 49,4 x _6,J : 1 163,0 1012,0 16,8 16,1 X -6,7 : 936,0 815,2 13,5 12,9 x -4,7 : 946,0 859,5 r3,7 13,6 x : 4J3,0 502,5 6,8 8,0 x 3,1 : 6929,0 6298,2 100,0 100,0 Source: Eurostat (harmonized national data + Community surveys of the structure of agricultural holdings) (') Holdings of I ha UAA or more. () 1982 survey. TAV 1987/82. (3) 1989/90 survey for Germany, Greece, Spain, Ireland, Italy, United Kingdom and EUR 12. STRUCTURESTII49 Average size UAA h I 000h Vc of total 7o TAY r993 l 993 1987 I 1993(r) 1980 1987 I 1993trt t98'7 | re93(r) 1980 lgu l0 1l t2 l3 14 l5 l6 11 l8 X X X X X X X x X x 33.5 36,7 3 690,0 3 470 3 359 - 0,7 - 0,5 X X 82,9 gg 74 0,5 0,4 - 1,3 - 9,6 x x 230,0 221 226 1,3 1,4 - 0,2 1,0 X X 581,4 536 539 Jt-?) ? ? - 0,8 0,3 X X 2 228,9 2 038 2 001 12,2 l2,l - 1,2 - 0,9 X X 13999,2 13863 13 656 82,8 82,8 - 0,3 - 0,J 68,9 69,9 n 123,2 t6 746 16 496 100,0 100,0 - 0,4 - 0,8 X x 8 080 7 333 7,7 6,2 X - 4,J X X 8 116 7 093 7,1 6,0 X - 6,5 X X 13237 11515 11,6 9,7 X - 6,7 X X 29 505 27 rZ9 25,8 22,9 X - 4,1 X X s5 624 65 689 48.6 55,3 X 8,J 16,5 18,9 It4 562 I l8 758 100,0 100,0 X 1,8 T/150 STRUCTURES ,i () Eg€slä".!rE tno öo ttl \öO\n l- f- \n a v ,! p33;$SS?=3 c.l C\ ttl I \nOO \n \o t-- c\ .zl v O@\nO\t'-O\OOO\\naa (.) oo ö L C) Q i._ vv @c\ 9orr€ SoB F- (t öl OC\| \OO\OOooCo'-S\g\n =J 6o\\nN;Ro\c.i@ooo\ q b0 rflroa=Kooor:FR oo ra) rrl -f, M \n vv I ln ca tr- ca >' c.l ö.1 o\ L s o\ 0 q) o!l +) a cg v Lr q) C) o65c.r\o3o\:Kägl g co C) I - ö0 -!a - l.r v / !n\OF-cA\nO\nO\ÖOO\q -: JöNoo\n=c.)$\oc'l - oo (t) o *r I -Ft E li a GI L ra- -+) -!a .-9 L jgE-*-1 5 ä0 bocüv7! EEloSgo c a ü t4,Hö r 4. c. E =; E .ci gE v? 6 E ' € E g E E i € E rE ea E A Ä ä 'FÄ 3 E 5 2.8 S ä ä 5 STRUCTURES T/I5I 9o trSttttttSol -Gl o\oo\ErSSrrgngG@Oc-l (J \n*r'r$l=!r18rgc') öl t-- \ö € rC\C.) Oca c\l H,E t-- :f.o v) aa vv X rrefir*=rrSrrK oo RrrlrRSrrfirrR öo tr) frl ca o\ o\ 8r8!rff8rr8rr3 () k $ 9 F I cg -l 6l A I a- Sorcorntttgtt I -Eq) (,) c.l I --t I a I 9 U2 I 9 (.) Ror.nrfirr!$rrR cg N €fr bo tI I Lr q) E I )-I E -v a Cn +) I -t :- -a ä(1 I 'FoHC-'o-9:(.:) = tr tr A fr'l 6=äotrr., id#Hccccl_€EsYf;g ., E - c,. - ä E r C ü ,ry cl ahd 9 n öEo#€sE?€iHgEErE ca EAÄ ä,frÄ3E-:E,äE ää 5 TII52 STRUCTURES aaaa!a=388888 \n '-^ 8888€8??t\^FE c.) *ccrcrlF-coo\O9O\OCIF-O t*- -).ort t-- \ocri \ni\\oü-\-$c\lt-- $ oo \Ö |'n t-- co t--$$Sinc.lo\n$ca\no c- gFE c\ -S"9 h 5fiFpFn ä$ r- E Oc\\O\n$$d90\AO\\n @ F:E = t*5$se ss $s; ca öicoo\O\ca$dt*--$O\$ $ € -ic\--tölFrC.l* (u \n t-- t.n c.l ct^) @ ca c.l o\ $ C.l 9U rö z \o gfr $ $ F AgFHgF 3Sg co o\ oo$ooo\n\oo\oqp99\O o\ I :J .o rr $ ö\öö6ö.=\^-O:|o\S Fö o\ öl o\ g -c) F E a Fr- cS I 38s888 E3 ESA $ It r--Jö\n6\bF-o\nOoooo ca a0 S 5ot co.tooo\ö-o\oa9s\9\O .oE!l cÖ öGö6ö\o\n-oSo\s fr o FStt tr- ar r c.l - *-t- >) li +j U U) It ---A =f, Eil .f, \n oo \n @ ö.1 co C.l .- -a \o i() Pfr XC) pE C.l CH fFl ; z Er G': .\ q) li lrr ra E s -- AOr.rl ) -t- H€ .9F 'H (-) )1 A. iN VL a H.4 AL är: Lrä.* (J P U' +i t< Oa <öV rr! (.) e .ts iE 9Fo e)6t a4 kO lg - (1 Eg oo c) (k:9 /A t-' ä0 .9 +- E- cJvy Cl :) Lq) 3;.E .9.=F :Jg ä0 äo äEä ,Y ,-\ Fl E=.v 3ä3s äE'5 hd" H ü.:i3.h ä.e l,.u)cü .:i C) Et.l.e; E 3t (.) ov r:l uo #'tr L Ee+E VF a- c: 6,Eö= t-OFO Fc! ä .F.! v :) O- q-rePtrd €6'6 gE d o: !.) t F Xä B Eö lr E lrE F €= .:Fe- .9'.=l'>. r,l ) r \ f \ m rr'l qs'rv\Jss ü ,1 ä -== ca rttlll tlllll ! öö .ci I OU U? i-i \/t AA,^ q -'!/ ca STRUCTURES T/153 t\ b \/R tI]{ r=$8r=3rNE958rrl ca \ \OO$OOoorn-.rcoco . .!l U)- HE - clt o€) es '.r F .. o\ 9 tr\o €(to) 5\O o-q(a-Y o€ a FA ü isa :3ää'ä y äixäe 3.5.6.6 Specilic measuresto assist mountain and hill farming and farming in certain less-favoured areas - Article 19 of Regulation (EEC) No 2328191 Compensatory allowances granted in respect of less-favoured areas Amounts of allowances Amounts of allowances Number of holdings paid in 1993 per LU Average allowance Number per holding ECU/LU Total of LU l 991 r992 t993 (ECU) (ECU) 1993 (l 000) 1992 1993 1992 r 993 A 9 t0 I 2 J 5 6 1 8 Belgique/Belgiö 7 702 7 450 7 001 9 285 8r9 I 093 I 326 110 70 84 Danmark BR Deutschland 23833r 234292 240422 532810 938 I 867 2 216 3 2r1 85 91 Elläda r93 r4r r91 789 190262 r29 036973 479 678 I 170 56 79 Espafla 210940 210024 199037 103893 348 394 522 1516 3l 38 France r54295 149098 r39 435 296532 367 I 551 2 t27 4 205 47 70 Ireland 80772 1r8279 10895s 106994 245 I 078 982 I 898 60 56 Italia (') (t) 68 980 68923 47 768 35 466269 565 742 539 28 48 Luxembourg 2 820 2779 2 648 11189 043 3310 4225 56 90 110 Nederland | 750 1 866 3 449 2 474 549 s23 7t7 23 70 93 Österreich Portugal rr269s 120370 104902 43 995056 356 419 s36 52 53 Suomi/Finland Sverige United Kingdom 55r64 55 257 64 452 169191 040 3 207 2 625 2 322 63 13 Total I 126590 | 166125 1 108331 | 440 869 647 r072 I 300 l5 586 56 65 Source: European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (') For 1992, only 1l regions out of 2l replied. (2) For 1993, only l0 regions out of 2l replied. STRUCTURES T/I55 E.EA-vl R oö- al \ tr.-! 6a' u .E?s Eö ö =tr\ Fvl II t-- oo l trtrl t-- @ L r-r t^ öo OO.*SpSKXSSFR:SS8 oj5 ooc-lcoc\l$$\o\nF-o\ooo;f-$ oo N s \n$c\ql@\OlnFrcn\t\O@\O\n QE X o * OO C-l \O t-r \n \O CO Fr |.n ,-r cn Nr ** f- li o qE 5 !* S EFtro IE H5 ö8 ooÄ 'ElE- -^ FE o0\r-t 96 :o\ !n €)-H- () -v ä00 C) 99cAb,-rf-.C.lC{caF .-Vöa (,F1Fkl EEi rtr € vd ()F {^ + El 5 (.) or \O () t- €E C) €3ssN€8s$Ns8F8 g: \n ä @f-r-rc.lsF-\nc{f-c.lo\öooö\nd al ho o oo \n \o Fi r \-.r c\I \o oo o\ r< F.r * \-.r t-- \n az CA OO OO OO Ca r-r @ C.l CA ,-r t-- C-l !-r ? .^. z c-'|-c\l :Y I a= frF äo- F _ ct) .--VF cüo EE.I 'EoEFp ü li oo E.= F tE *)tr>r9 ,->.!( E gLF-g () es o9 (a :5 EU €-Ua{ 'l.q) g! E\o € äs a r!6+ :fi€^ä ä; ätr lQ t '-< sPe'EE f- EhE Eg€ aäg: vi .=crtF v? co Äs = s EI ü s Eä EÄ E sä s t TII56 STRUCTURES -^oo6 p "co .-Lr ä' U ^(rr\ i Irl $ !ip v\^ q)9 c'l 9rQ c.l F -U OR 9: (hl E 5l ö .o IAi A; F E v.: €F .h F\ g L (l)\ 9. .So () ÄÄ: F a-ü r^) O tntra .Fl A / F,E 9E* cqt E =q E ETI c .LS E .-r E'* = I .= e=E = 2x - i^Ä t- (, Cg 4- äo +H.EeäSA ! J € vA'-L/^L t- tr c: F on,'q c'3,;==u)(q A.- g E:! 3q'a tr :; ü;H äcg E., } ; - äE ä'I ä F ä . E x g#-ä er g )- 0ü 9, g,ä E{ i} EE E E * ä o äE E E F ää 3ä,EHä# i S2;fi'fi3 3>Z>3 € .I I I -rl (.) ! f.t F (t I F- () s\ \i) x oo sSpa Q !.) E do\ L -= sp fi \O o+ q q sq3 -Q'r t p \o O\ O\ O\ O\ !t q) Q oo oo c{ c.l z r r-l \n \O \o f- t'- L.l Li +) oo O\ O\ oo co ca 3E O ö'R --UA E ooY i) - !) A !- F F F F EE o.glq :-^ t-äo= - v] vrh ;:q .t (, a ^,r t4 lva< ä0+ 00 dw OJ 'FE ooo Pd .9 s L ü ö0 äo äo\-F( ?P 0 .s? I F c,) C) ?,ob J1 I L L< *.3 (l)- seS Ei 5üd t ggP! h - v G'X öF.r= 5 400 Ft=.FF=.?:.Eäietr I ti li = 6) li ,LJ (.) F Y - = c.r -o 9 (.) C) .ä 3'c, i 9 !f; EEH E!EE ä E= $g p E = F rE E 0.) (.) ^E a rH öE > r i F i ü ü i 5 > a 32 = )Züö # i: i €lI h^ rtä M CN L- ÖF (.) a\ R F L -3E (-) t s. z, x R q 2z \) R >O - !J q,r\ I 96oOoOOc'^)O\O$OO\9 öl ctl €td U -i\nCAO $ rnO,f-F\noo-F\$eerO O\ O\ rrl -i\.)COO öo.loo\O\nO\OOt/l -öl \n \n oo oo 6 **q- -cöo ! I -.= U tr'EE \ \o^ o^ O\Ooooocq\O\O$ r I q7 C.l -+ \O o\.ddoddc,idc.i r-r 3 6:=S tr- O.l t-t E äE q L -'-öä-L-'r a o.: o r.rac) OO t,n O\ :f, öl \n t,n @ ,-.r \O \n ..l \n*C{$oOr,n$O\F.F< @ \o s C\ OO OO c.) OO OO [n ,-i C\ C\ o\ co tl \no:tF\-iO\OC.it\\n t-. \o r-i c{ \o oo Fi Fr !n F. s C-l cq (-)p t r'l ; L (.)C) bo H q.) ofi \öooo\Ö$$\no@ \n \n C.l äv cl F- cq er Öl \O \ö t-- F.r O\ o\ @ $ c.) t--oocA\nN*C.l\n\O VA c.l .90 ä tl C\C..lFi\nOooO\Fr$ co =() tr) F- t'- Fr C{ cA t{> C\ öl öl O, \n $ \o C{ Fr tr- t-- o\ \n \n \n o ,_r \n c.l c.) oo \o oo \ö t-- o o\ \-.r ca o\ o.l c.l \ncOF-O\Ocal 6 oo qt- € öl (r) ,^. C-l Ro (*ee L dz o (ri t-- r l- O \n \O \n .A ca) $ :f, bo F'oä -f, ' - ", (*- OO O (^.l \O cA t-r oo ei E 9ü \n F- OO \n r-r - \n \O O\ oo LA^-^^ co o q,\O\nO\nF-FiFr\O s (.) r.H \OFr$\OOOC{-OO cn c.l sääi= - .f, C.l t-- r-i - .E F.r c\l E.- L EE 0.) E.: c)e --l € bu- tri5 i>, =ä0 !> =c) oo= --AN .--I :>, L- or \Oql^)Ott-\gco(n L \ - f+r xoo ra I r-r -)A ä L.- a äätre 9ä :C)Ytr F tr< 'üHEo vE öäFoFE ^rr\ rl t-r a'"! daC) = E # 4 c A E € iF ü y0)q) I E .. () o n"i S E : F,E s ü fi E ä E tr E ca äÄ#ääEsEiE,öEaEs tCC STRUCTURES T/159 (.) ölo\n tcoFl \nFiC\-C\l---f, \-'i CA \O c.] F- r-.r i- C\ <- i- F.r c\l U rYl *ö9X öo :-_ Fa <'6 ÖE C) $*c-l r$\OrFr(.{ 'c\|FrvF.rvv\-.rloaoi-$--$ t-- (.) ?a C.l \-.i r-.i LF oo qd \ooo-tl C\ Fi 'OOOOCAvCOvvo\1o\$rn-oo--oo o\oool C-l O \o (-- co\no vv \-r \O \-t * EEg-E Ca \n r-i .f, IA :f, 8 c\| ca \o vv 5€ ä = co E P'^,:,-5 fre€ E p !i gP8 rRB Y.!iur=EH rBNRO$ 3 c.l t---ooo6l+\0-\0-+ e e \n =3 ü EEF t'- ca rn \o r-r \o ca r-r \n E.: =,q E " ,-r .f, \ö Fr c.) l- 6* v = F a o h oÄ o.,;ü=ri oä 9oäX | I g c.t lr) tnFrtr-OcACjoOO-f-8 ä il R S e 3 a 8 a e I =.10äP 9a $ E6 y äiE \n\o\nco\no\oölooc! cocas\ogca$Fr oo \n -^- l,ö \n O\ r (ri C\ CA r [-- \t oo 'FoEStr^ä-*äx qo9o\rooc)c\r\o:-:-oo---:- ca v cA\[email protected]$Ci c.l = o ü öX rr.t E q) Xö \n $ F- t'- ,-i * r-r O N co\n$ölc\ €o\ c\l ca cl (a öt z c\ \o o\ rl\tr-rooool-Frc\ F. t--$oo 'cef-r<'S\öI-Fri-l-ca co \o -t \o OO\\OS Q f'6.9 C-.l Fr oo c< F4 k- r-l (tsO o 6 ä"o tav b.EXR !'-A- EE Lr-'-r .= t-'{ -= 0) o.- c) - z sp caJ L= o.E9 co O L 900 \o öo Fq) bE() c..l s:89$sssnee$cec Fi\öCOOO-F ca E it O.( .E= ", cl ,- L a0P c) -I Ht -- C) ()I >>v !) h L! F )<6 :sA .-rFF - .- .- ta! bYA J ö 'ää-9-.- ü6() q)A ..\U= E3 'äoFE-A Uä gEsES (.) s C-l ; -v ü- t E g - € rF ,i9 \? * f; Ä E,E s E d E * bu EE E F *E u? E F & i F E *'E e € <(, ca co o a r! H rr ,= E 5 8,8 o? ä ä 5 V) T/I60 STRUCTURES 3.5.i.t Arable aid applications (Regulation (EEC) No 1765/92) (marketing year 1994195) Elläda Espafra Franc Breakdown of areas EUR 15 Belgique/Belgiö Danmark BR Deutschland ^ 6 7 8 2 -l 5 Total base area 419 2018 r0 156 | 492 9 220 t3 526 of which maize 91 0 540 0 403 578 Fodder crops 45 27 277 26 59 277 Five-year set-aside 8 221 0 68 198 t3 127 Total area involved 475 2 00s 10 164 1 336 8 852 613 of which maize base area 161 0 540 0 246 2 201 Small farmers 212 4M 2 024 I 168 2 185 184 of which - cereals, 272 400 2 012 | 162 | 976 2 159 of which maize (base area) t25 0 237 0 t02 - oilseeds 0 2 8 6 195 9 - protein plants 0 2 4 0 l4 7 - non-fibre flax 0 0 0 0 0 0 Commercial producers, of which t57 | 566 7 643 141 6 s39 11051 - set-aside 26 269 l 386 18 | 340 | 934 ll7 - total crop area r31 | 291 6 251 t24 5 r99 9 of which oilseeds - crop area 4 t28 I 158 l4 l 189 r 605 of which protein plants - crop area 5 105 89 0 99 668 of which non-fibre flax - crop area 0 I 26 0 0 5 of which cereals - crop area, of which: 121 l 063 4 984 109 3 9t2 6 839 - maize (base area) 5 0 195 0 r22 370 - other cereals l16 1 063 4789 109 3 190 6 468 Traditional durum wheat 0 0 0 597 582 t73 Total area 475 2 005 10 164 r 336 8 852 t3 727 277 Fodder area 45 27 277 26 59 Set-asideand five-year set-aside 27 277 I 606 l8 I 408 2 r32 l1318 Crop areas 403 | 70r 8 281 I 292 7 384 - cereals and silage crops 393 | 464 6 996 I 27r s 888 9 023 - oilseeds 4 130 I 165 20 I 384 1615 - protein plants 6 t01 94 0 l12 675 - non-fibre flax 0 I 26 0 0 5 Source: European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. STRUCTURESTI16l United Kingdom 49 030 3 061 | 023 l 358 47 664 3 032 rt 979 1l 668 I 480 253 55 2 200 r 474 84 426 4 011 33 304 37 249 I4 67 662 6 003 r63 | 224 70 359 3 349 27 301 6 347 I I r04 414 4 971 5 6 0 2 2 224 1 206 I 0 0 0 0 55 88 r52 871 9 252 2 655 21 036 I 323 0 0 47 1 068 151 548 9 252 2 609 19968 2 814 r 023 7 361 39 280 32704 5 225 | 261 90 T1162 STRUCTURES $ RFS=8S8=C{KrErrS \o i\::^:r- ca F r- a O c-.I,i c-l O O * oo O N O A | | | $ H 'i$9caN\o ia $ = a (.) a \Oq'\Oooo$f-O\c-l$l[:llS $ ,-'r öI \O oo Fr $ ca c.r $ C\ ct^) c.) O\ C\.1 \J X^r c0 \o F *-- hq Froo,iogggp= lL6 {.) L O .\bo =$ t-- cö E !v F Ez 0.) a\ YX PH AA - v) o.. a o .= ol v) ? 5q3 L 5 K€F '= c-)C-- a) .': öl - i a oe E zz7 ^ ^,^f \ a -Y r\ r\ V :C)YX U !iYE] Ltt l+l H lr'l bo(t=E =l{l+lv-- 6=goFlo ö - A^AA msi3E,i L.r.F.i i9€9 Eü E 5EE?ü n,t q :: öO öO öO yooo 'oFc<=*E6 E ö *,F H E e fi E E äE trE YtVtVtV m o m E s, E g E 5 8,8 & E ä 5 3 eoc STRUCTURES TI163 Ttfx * .ooc$or-l =XooX\OXoo$Oc{'\Ol $ \n \o öö,-iö@ö\ncoFr\n\o öl cnCaOOF-|-\n ===cqxf-.O-lnoo oo oo C\I vY\n:eoFo\ooc! -ca ! oOf-C-cOln\n|-crrO\O\rOrr\O I | | o\ q) co O\ $ c.) Ci Fr O\ \n f- C- O O O ca + OO\C\co!-'(Ot\\O-6IOc\I co \nnca\n\n-f,cacacaoooo s [email protected]+\n o\ $ -t $ r-r c\l \n oo \o c-l \ö öi a ' - CO r-.r a z z O\-iOO\9f-O\l-Ooo$rO\rrOO \o a c.l C{\Oo'lOc.r\nO++rO\rrco \o F- co o\o\oocacjFo\ö*o\n ca !t t-r \O CO \O .f, t-r t Ca C-l $ f- O O\ .!l OCj$Cq\OFiCjOF<\O-t\O a $,-rS-cO\OOf-C-l\O F oo I q) r-'r ef) t-l F o\ L e -.-L U) A I U .-+) q,) cg .-9 q EI öo e H A- L GI \o \AFrC\oOC!\O0oC..lOO\OOtOOcO \o E 0) ö.1 \Oooölf-O\\OöI\O.tOOtnOOC.l 6l I a.l - A bu) F D c Hoo I frl f r'l t 3 39 .-- Y trY3 I F H E; x ü Äa q) I rE L (J_cre I'o e = >roo t-,] -o F F 33 iV'TFL s I '==E irt * t.? L q) E 72 F - E a^h x :(., _e 9(J * 9 'FoH€o = F u =r! x h^ trl -v !l - wE - - d(H--^ 0 ääsEE HeEä vHv'- t4ü- ü 5.Y:!s cl -E€ iF t! a.il .9 + E Ä d,E R E E * g &E 9.R :.: : AE \ to F Lr q F.s ;tr()+ v? 6E&i €'H H 5 9 € E A E < o.g< c.) momi,frÄgEiE,t&ää5 3 ECC TI164 STRUCTURES +c ,e *' te )E te tcl+*'*te '3 | 'g $ä8ieK6F3Fr--Eöt-+c.,r--ö=öö L @ t-- s;FI\s5x+: = s t-- S_foo\O \n c.l C.l -f, cl $ :838!8638S tf; | r; \n n.öa{ö--öt-'-Öclo\oo |.öO\nOr+t'n!OO\@\9tO\ r- E k C) ööööfifr96F,g L c-lco:--- : + oo (ts O öl d rS I FäS3€8frFpa rE I () ao6\oco+öo\caoooorr) c.l a oo tr- ca \o c.l co t-- \n ca oo \o ca oo O\ c.) ca c'i c'.1 - @ o\ F $ \o I co \o Fr - c\ .!l F L c.l F a q)I L F A I G z c.t h .v r- L o Ä t I or o\ f- 9,-., rr- \o g r l | z ! :] ! = orl*. $T\e!äKä""F- E a c! ca(n$c\oo$co\Oct.)OO\ \n H $ I 0) i..i o\öN6ooSsoFröl:+ .- v s - NciooFr-f,:\ö\n* 8 a |r) a öl ct a - a - I I iz cg O>! at o 6 +)/ e^ lll ä0 oo 5Q .I oo a $ u.8 L $ TDESDNFFEEgä83; \n öl\O\Ö-\nO\\noOcAOt o- - Ei - ca oo .- H=- to 8NS368sNe$3tfiffq Fr c'l c'l c..l I c.l ä cq ö ; ö 6 oi oo a-l $ 'o a E ä9 - = ce' Cn-r- o) t 9- v>< t) "-o e^ 9ö a eF\ !vcs ct) ot -l f,a F F € .-- G k: '-F ;I (--cta5$S-oocaorStt= cg oo i9 b q) SS3SfrS€Sfl8'i'' ".3- "o A t$ - \n cr) ö) -r C.l t-- t Fr O\ I h - { .- caöVi-f,\O\O$cac'l\OJ+ Oi0-) öl t.n ö=9 L 0-) öca\o:\ncitöooöl .F öo '' qo' cööirr- - A -o- *ü .9qt q) F6)-V -l cg = c t2{ a b ä f^$ F F rl.OO I (.)C,) 0o^ h o e öl s E EZ -.- \n q > ;^ F F : g PE I p r| p - rrl .- r r'l Är-1 a !odq'; FI-{ ; n\Ori d o) Li aää a E E x E äo **äbs'E - :;z 6! E H* o- x\J 9;r e- I 3Y= ö: q) F eö gE i a G): 6EäoEäE=LO a ü 9 H.QHä: =q Eü R d + EE€=E i =äri"ä Ä ,F F E F ü Ä&Äüä \ E E € t E .r ä E f E x ^^ n d; <-t-t-:.!- ea äÄÄäfr8!!i8,3€aä5 STRUCTURES T/165 -t C\ t-- $ F- \O O \O ca (n r ö.1 | | .O lir \OOO\nt*-\nOoOC-rcorl A t-- O\ - Cr^) O t*r t'- t-- -t o\ Fr-O\tt-rnoölO o\ --Fr0.1 F- L öo 'o - \n o{ H \o ca oo .q * - r \o | | \o $ cq --O\\noo\Oocq.olJrtf\rl $ $ - l-- ln cA cO \n \O a.l $ B ö-=3r--\n3!c-l- oo o O (J C) z Cn F c.l .f, cq - oo F o c.l o o o t\ o | | | t-- I (.l l-- .potnFr\orr$ öi !t -o\d\o$Fi\ncp\o\o .-- c.) F Fr*O\tr-rnoCnO\ F -ts-- t*- q)- L al- li t (n Fa - tr) A € tr)\ cg I ö.1 .-l- - A x z A- U ! catri$n rrl v v v v -t v F co o s -f, $ ce !n .f, \o $ o \o c\t o o t-- e x A @ l'--o\o\n\9rno{\no\o$ooooo, .E 6l öl c.l Oc.l\O@O\Oooa{f-FO @ Cn @ C{OO\I'-$O\öiO tr- E € t-. r-r ts Cj t-. bo I () - tV ä0 .- ot L ,^!Y - äq G' z Ou a- +) ^ F F- - q)- rv Q..) +) i-> t-- . a \ö c'l a F F - >-.\ p c.i äg .!l rrl rrl 3 '5xEe F >< F q)I i\:gQ -\i o:< L : i a* e E:q-: N@v *.) ,+--w - > g €.= (.) ;. LH ä0 ts,8 >,o VLä -l o(!'- al- :ä,ie c€ CV ö q) JgEF xä.ä* F 9**3 ..E'E ö - äfsEB -*iL E Cl Cr'- n E.='= P \ ,HH E Fa;f, n S E 4 € ! E E 5 I E r E üzz? ca öt-$n sÄaäe'EEEiz,öEEä5 vvvv STRUCTURES TI167 F^ EHc), o_.o-!*qo{v?oo"\o"ttt$"c?tl \O C-l O\ O\ cA cA co \O c\l f- co t> r- .ücA,-icOOSO\t*--ü\|- O.v $ F< r-.r rr f\ CO $ co X"Ä <ä (! r) C) l4l L o^o.$"v?c.io"c{qlltvlo"tl oo Cj$@\O$t'-\nH\O\O ez. o\\ocaoo$@c\o\\nF- ()F- +-r $ OO -< C{ C{ $ -Y' c\ Fo, () a 88r88888rrr88r1 r vvvvvv .^ rn IA vvYvv\: co rö- oo\n\n\no-F-caF c\l t-r C{ $ \O öl öl C.l c.) c.i $ C.); 'F.g l.n ß4 CeKCBCSSrrrfiCrl l- o0) v oo\nc)o\ c\.1 tr= +< $- r- öB 6;- C) vvvvvvv cüo OOOO\n\ÖOO rrr88l c.) 6 ca) O ,-i \r) O t*- tt- O \ö o\ ;98 (J o)F \n co öI o \o ö.1 t- \o \O \n $ \n c{ \o c! - oi +: c\ >rc =c) i :E EH E() ;_ öo c= LEö € PE a^ c) ar -C\,-i-C.)COFiFilllCi-rll FEF l- 6€;o E() tra c.l FX ,E:3, v= al .i:f F 'ir 9X 'ä E H E es IJalt cso.\ - ! -e .e * F- q '= Y.=X i==.: ca):h E Z.& jeE-H : F ö -E--93,9 toFvE€ c i 9 6=qo- E äsE 5 tr e ä;r ;9-vl- o-#EOtrcliFV ü ,ry ,t ?'r reä ä b E 63,8 s? E € E P EE $; : gäE: ö=o€'FH-EqIEtä5äg I i{€t g A A ä Ä Ä g E 5 E,E & ä ä S 3 ECEC T/I68 STRUCTURES CH o o q) I L ;l o0 a J r- L A- (,) - I o o) +a 9.R CE FX ir a ca oO cO cO t-- ca ca **Ö.1 L |r) q) -.A I F k q)x zr5 -al E€q) A F- Fr O\ $ Q öl lr) t's 'JlJV FI r.j F- Q co öl@ E ri Ö ca c-.1 n I I (n .-€ J -6! -rt 9* äo *() ä3 - L. otr) +) s O\ cO öl o o c.t o c-.r öl I =!w \O t-- ca ca \oca*ö.1ö.t F I q) I .l L o0 cg d 9 än A ^ 6 oo\ F E F F fr O\ 3- H.q 9n EFI C) ! o0 c! .H E o) .=a L oo = o? >e) 'E '-'l -F q) B a IF - ,. l-r Lr Ai AE E b!a E &&E gE ^.rF E Ää Lr -bu - E E*Eä5ä TCea(.)o öF, U o OaP Ag E HO - 3 a) o q -. 5 (J VL bOa bo EF F ?"E; ä* () i: =€a9s ryE>ts €i ao .€() ^t'02 =ä€ -:! ;;Eä \ v=E;; gä€- s'_iE;;= 3F" ll ü "t tc-d -VvrY^Ftsh- iE$E EE (J L L H \ E 4'1n G n äo tr ü1I- ä BK S co äsc0mo*+:tt: | | meoa:E!E>ZZüaqaa?ä€$üE!E€€€f r!o(.) Äö9r r I rE STRUCTURES T/169 tA O\- \Ol---öJ- VoO s ssss € s \O .i $ \r-) ln tr) F- tr) aa ..r ntr)tr) \o \o \.o t-- F- t'- co co co o gpRgo oO \O O. o|\ N ö] c{ $ rn - O\ \O O € o., F8 S : oc !n - - - - co r-. o f,oo!nF- fr€s s 0o.., o o, oo \n ö co o\<.oo .., .a l-- .o r- c.l € o € c.t + öl \o ö.1 ca öl \o o\t-- x>< 66ts C.r cO c.l cO cn c.r c.) al tn O F--.OOO _-c -cO 0Q g'' \O O\ Cl O\ \n F- F .+ F ö6E a H3 a P FE-E 3*9. Ea ! ä Ao E sEg 9ö tr.o 9rä 3 €eE 0.) ^' A € 3€ !Ulr El .=, äoPaB EEgä-B;$r cg.= d s, ä$ä5 g: F E $f S=E.e: E €FV--^H :€- li €.r<= Er-E.i'=i; ;, !L!A U -c)(gdx - E*=übE ;äE* 9öm9,u =*=€te030 Y E(|r L 3 ö ö l:-c o L E -,9 ösE F ö ä9': :ilrlr-.)<- ö Höo299 = E ;.1ü * 3.6.1 World exports and EU external trade in all products, agricultural products(r) and other products EUR 15 (Billion USD) 1994(3) l99l (i) 1992(3) 1993 (j) 2 4 5 World exports (2): 3l9l,l - all products 2 587,2 2747,7 2 862,6 315,8 357,8 of which: agricultural Products 300,0 318,0 2 546,8 2 833,3 other Products 2 287,2 2 429,7 External EU trade G): Exports: 640,9 - all products 524,7 567,7 570,r 49,0 53,8 of which: agricultural Products 44,6 50,3 Imports: 642,1 - all products 612,2 634,3 567,7 76,7 of which: agricultural products 70,5 73,8 63,7 World exports of agricultural products as percentage of total world 11,2 exports 11,6 11.6 11.0 EU exports of agricultural products as percentage of total 8,4 EU exports 8,5 8.9 8,6 EU imports of agricultural products as percentage of total 11,9 EU imports 11,5 ll,6 ll,2 Index changes (1990=100) World exports: - all products 101,4 107,7 r12,2 125,r 118,0 - agricultural products 98,9 r04,9 104,2 126,1 - other products 101,8 108,1 113,3 External EU trade Exports: 121,2 - all products 99,2 r07,3 107,8 r20,1 - agricultural products 99,6 112,3 109,4 Imports: 109,3 - all products r04,2 107,9 96,6 107,7 - agricultural products 99,0 103,7 89,5 €E movements. the use of one curency unit N.B.: When compeing sbtistical Fries fbr trade exprcssed in value Erms, it is impotut to remember that, beaus of exchmge by + 4,5 %' d4 betwen 192 dd 1993' rather than mother may alrcr üe apprent rend. For exdplq between l99t and 1992, the ratio of the USD to the @u chmged by - 10,9%. Source: GATI statistics md EuosEt. (r) SITC 0, l, 21, 22, 232 (231 from 1988),U, 261 to 265+268' 29' 4. ('z) Excluding inm-Eu ftde. {r) EUR 12. TRADE T/171 ^- a\ \) .t v(J \ 9 öl Fr \e A S \ S| O\ ca \n oo O\ !n O \O \O t- :f, O KJ U? $ 8S sF€RsssssSg+3Frt=s = t-{ .S t-i Fi O\ C.) \n Ca \O ,r C.r CA C.i f- * | -f, | f- C-l | | gä lTrttt I tttl ,-l r-'l - ü \ q' l> oo $ !o H o\ t-- $ OO t-- \n F< H Fr \O l- \n oo ca oo c.) \O \O \n .t -t aO 9 O\ tl- - f- c.l oo ö J N,-r ö öo \O oo ö \n oo -f, * O I C.l oF\ f= rj - = \O \ö -r ca 6 ö d6 - c{sco\nco\Oölcoc\l\Ollcal\OFill tttttttl @ c{ c\ rn a s a v) \o o ca c\ \o \ö r- o\ c\l c) o co \o f- a,-i ca \o \o 6 ool1 ö N F c.i öo ;" -; \n oo Fr a St ö,-i + ct^r c! ca co O\ r-r C-l co \O N oo ö rri c-l c.l \O ö rn öl öl : ll @ | cO \n $ oO C.l cO * \O | | cO | \O C.l I I \n Fr ttttttttl q? s \o n o \,') tn F- -f, oo F- @ \o o\ \o \o \ö co -t \o \n g11l=q\q-nogF-:\n+Föö\= c.l v l- O \O O O\ \O -f, \n tn .i oo $ ln O\ + ö f-. f- t*- -.i f-- \-.r €tt?$ca\-.r$$C\C{,-rcjoo-C\* co$ \n F co EüS*D€s33A€SSFRSeäil€ü il oo oO \n \O Fi öl - oO Fi O \O \b \O J r-.l |'r + t-- \O ö ö crt X \a-ca$*\ncac\N*cjt--*r- f r'l oo$ -f, qsüEDsK3€s38€5Rs ot =$rsn ; ea F ca ca O\ C.l c.) -f, 96 \O cO ö 6 F + * \O + t-- + -, f- @ CA Cn - \n CA - * - C.l \O * - * co co $ \n o c-.1 o) o - o - l- öl \e) \n - F \.l Fr N'-i O\ Fi O \n - \n - \9 n q" oo t*- oo \O Ö od S O\ ö \n O\ O Ö I\ N s f- \n \O lr) O\ f- O $ ca $ co ö \n * + J \r; F ö + N ca q\sC.lf-*r-.r-\O\n#C\rtooc.)c{C\t co\oF \n O c.l \o \o $ P !N c.) 6ö6 oo s I = : fi F 9883 K K =il I t*-:t \n F- F \n c\ O $ \o \o rn o\ ö F- + \o t- $ ö t-- S-üC{\O*Or$$c{ca\Oö]c{- oo\n- $ g9 - \O \O \ - !o \a o \n oo cj c) öI \o - C) c{ oo oo .t .t \O r-r oo öt f- A \ö öo \o o\ € = I R 3 A c.) $ il $ S S 3 € e 5 e S 99\OC-lt--*Fi--f,$C-lCO\OCO*- s@\nF O ! () k <- (.) (\ ,- g'-.- E :: L e.9'ieo(! ()o (nA.o r F,\ -aAU): C) I -obd-3 Fä F9J e E bs t E B e g;i(-) - 9r EFEü .,E8#i e o'l : eEE 33 F $a' . E I ö -ra ==2 ä€'; '-so9! -1 X v €E= E 4EE;;ä3s E ä g E ,r, Lr ; ;i E ; F P ä E ü H ß E Ei #= El.'tr E T iE g = F" ; äi = ü X'= eP ='= ö i e ö 3 oöl ".q Qo - q) sF E g.l öl cg ti C) @ trco € \o ß c.l c{ - Eöi U + o O.l l- F \n li -nt v) ri'i cJ : c\ s - frl I P ^p ,Ci c.i c.i YArrl O\ O\ co 3 gEsssssEBs=sKsRxRR r,n rn 3 e c TII72 TRADE O\ \O \q \o ca \-'i aa oo \o o\ ä o.t N #$\o EgilEs€RKKil+?Ro s o\o$ -- }F zö0.)= N v = s !€ öl $ c.l s $ I $ rn c! o\ $o\n Eäil€sgsR3$ O\\O$ \o cÖ \n - \o co$ cn 8 s 5s8:slNrss ä * h 3 Icrr .f, t-. c-l $ *Gi Fr-,<\ooo--ö= - c'l öl oo c\ c.l öl $ s a t-- c\.l o\ C.) OO N \o gEFgääGpsehHRsc-'x cl^t n F co o\oci- s \n @ c'l O oO - cil \o co -r oO S cQcaOoof-'Fr-O\S\ $ c\.1 ca g g:€K\sN ä fr N s s öl ca oo o\ F ä ssf r-'r It- * O O\ r-i F Öl c0 c\'l : oo U co oo g C.l c\ r- ä E ESEB=€HR=HgHRär3(n - - :tr** O\ O Öl$ ca c.t öl co- c., *(n (n F ä SgSHä3gCgSäSä$RP N tn Cr)- \O Fi $ q) O\ In C{ $ C'l-\O .l co\ncq- L € aa $ I I -a J E< \ö t-- t'-. co \ns I 5o c'l -{ <' ra) D * $ äHp[3=$$S$gFaäää \n \n cr') '-r t-- Fi $ C.l L t \O C-l $ CA Cl q) a\t \n cA I Ä s *r q) F c.) = EEFET4FYFEFSFXNF ü EN F \+ Eo\ SF \oc\lO\$O$\arsf\F< x v Fi -f,$*\o$Ölc'l-ic') C) oo c'l o R T ä \n € tr) I I GI I r'l (..l ü :$ p cn S : H $NE€ä$SEFäS€6SRüFr oO O'l Fr f- O C..l $ \n * \O $ C'l C'l - C-il - \o\nca- q) \n t !ts I ai -. ! (n € L I brl -l J E sä6 ,- L etr:o A r I t,'==e C) äFßFE 0.) E ä rFt e g-B I E C) ön €.= ä .v 6 N r- - a o n I.9 f E L L E E e ct EÄE 5 H -v q t 3E = 0) - ECO -.' G;9 i Ä ä L cg = ? a..'q ^; E E li ö U g ü a - a i ü 3 F GI S f€Hoä tr O a -I -*J : Ei ti E ä!E ä #:: -!l g ";?::E*,E I ' .- bp äEüEJ=E;F"gEEUEEgEä=,-.n- ö=ä F F P!'=-c € F.3 tr ö oo 0)- 9. r-r c! ov CH oo \o frs (n *)tr R€ dO a, a Yo) oq) X FE c.iN I aö c\.1 O öl ,= Ä c.i - -A HV '-r If) .. rv ,1 6- N19 9;) o\ V Ir I co ^öts -|frOO \H - \o \o \o o\ ^^ ,Ci O-Cl1cA$\n\OL-Cpq S,-.,orEs r- "+o\ -^t-(-' !-i Fr C.l Öl C'l C'l C.l C.l C-l C-l S ca O c-l c.l O ii\-jvvvvvv TRADE T/173 fA \öo\n f- tt- oO \n $ \n cA ötr oO \O c.l C-l rn \O \O \n t-- cA cO \nsoo F.r O{ CA O\ \n F \O Cj OO O OO t-r Fi C.l ca$ \o@\n -* >H (.)2G z'ö= N tnt\o \o oo @ c.) oo ö.1 co \n \o \o rn \O C.l O$Fr Fr ,-i cO f- -f, \O \n C{ l- O\ NW öl f- \n ttQ $ C.i taoa@\Q\n,-iO$OF- oo \O \n \n -ü $ O\ ca \O oO cö c! $No\oo\s\n+\ooo o ö $ ö d ca ö c.) Fi (-- \o -r cQ co öl c{ ca Ä + F< '_.i sc\- t O\ - t-- c?q-icQ\9OOC.lO\F-or\ .i- \O C.l f- \O O\ rn O\ F :| O\ \O -f,C-lF,i\no\S\nöl\n+ ö ,-i ca c.) F cA O\ N O\ \n \n '-r cQ ca C{ ö] c.) öl cO - C\ C.l Fr t o\ oo o\ r=ocqf-\Q\ooo$o\o\ $ co o\ \o o $ oo oo oo f- \n oo c.l\nF-O\Of--ca@oo$ : O\ oo \O O\ ca oo O \O V (n C{ -oO\-rf\\O\O$\O$* \O $ Fr I-- cA - - O\ F- ö] c.) $ qc ca F-O\c.tr\r)OF-O\$O\O \O oo \n c..t * c.l O\ - \O oO E' \n *oO\O\9oOcaoO\nc.)Ä + C\l t-- c.l oo ö(j oO O ö \n O\ oo *f-*\O\n\Oca\O$+ \O \n J \O ca J C.l oo \O c\ c\l ca N C] \$O\Ocaöi$f-f-c{ \n S N O O\ O\ f- \n ca \n t Q \Oqcoo\nOf-ö$-F- \n ; oo oo + ö\ i- -( t-- (t - c.l O \nO\\n -nlnöcll\n\n oo O\ * J O\ ö N \O ö q) .- Ca - \n Fi C! \O-\O-CQ \n CA \1.., - * tr O-IC{ I \o F I -!t 9 oO O\ oO-O\n\ntn\n\OO\t-- co \O O \O O\ * \n c.) oO 9 O\ Cl A !aq')$b-tooOr-.Öö J \n 6 + \.l O\ ö .t $ $ O\ \O $O\\nO\co\n+$*n F- ö =: oo Äl Ä \n: L q) cO 09 t Fiö] \n*\O*ce \n $ + Fi # \.} c.) c.l -F \n *a q) o\ !o t'- sg cj q\ c.l ca \o o öl o\ \ö \o \n o\ ca \-.i \n c.l tA F I € R s ess€$r€?$ü88DSS5 s $f- (t) t-- ca OO ca F\ -.r r-.r F.r tn \n cA * -+ t-- C! c.l - \o \o c.) F ;t \f1 F- GI -ts A EFil8S8K\SKRTXN=F 3 O\ c\l ,-J \O f-' OO OO cO \n - O\ \O OO \O i-.r O O\ cA OO O O\ \n Fr r-1 El n cA O\*\n*\n\ö \O - $ O\ cA C.l ts $- q,) -€I A c) - r *)(t) 9 () I L - oo äv H L A - EE\1 c1 $t< a -a H Ft v a.o9()9Fß9 {.) tr (.) ,v 1r.='äu-o 0.) I - C) - L v F *\; I E€ E6 .!E€€ e E ö'g ä t B I C! o H Lr - a C! ti s : E 4 tr ÜEäqtEä #: !a IüpEo trH J -*a €?9 a t E - €EE;;i *E aEE; O .-I r. E 5E= 'tr q) L = h RigE*;P=äeEbHE€gHE oo H (.)- CH Qrf oo ov rA v ,-a o I C.l H() fr) '- L R€ yo (!o a FE * X oiN q, aö C-l O C.i oc) - e a!\ ,;i Ä c.i '-t - \f) O\ c-l \O ^c{ $ '- n )i 9 .+ o\ C\.1 r '< \n OO \ rrl ca O OO.IC\ O 8aS8888588 - = F N R N SRR R $ q) TII]4 TRADE 4,.) l,n \n- O\ q q .O" c1 q qq\\ F( EZ c\.lcö $O ? 4 h cr\n .-ioi .dc.i e.irJ od _l r c.i c.r hYV t-- t$ \n - co c\ $ $ JNK= R t #rE: I p ll 6o El z 0.) L n"q \o^ o^- \o" \o" \ \ c1 o^ A {.)'--) ,.jO J !n ci L \öO o\i r-- oo c.i :f agQr-c\ k rrl FrC-.l f- t ca cO \n $ C{C.|NC\ ca q>. "a3\ B - tr'l \e ot-i c.i o^ vlol \ \ cq 1 ? ? $_q!!o" -a -, oo c.i o o\\oÖtr\n \o L rrl N,i co<. Car- oo \o Ir) $$Ft- 3n tr L B O - -a \o- () =*a>< O^ lrl O^ ,rI q \o" q ,ri c{ $^ of n" cvo\v 9" :-" :l a v- o 'Fo'E soo Fic\l coln (n o-.1 o' ö \o $ $\oFi\Ö 9r x s t-.r*#-. - H c! ,- tr !- !- !- !- !t L +)- -+ o\ - l- c.l t ooO g 0) - \ns ü S $ H ä $K!H r11 co EX X I Cq F-r Öl I ./ ro $ca 'r C! \ tr-- rr OO C.l f- (.) L O\ \O cn öi Ct.l d ä0 f,, - o GI A I .!l I I 6 .-I L .OC' F g vvvv q) (J .t$ o\o - €I Ee 6Ci - ()-ü tr9 XUY o, üxr .T o.)o 9ä n-X ;E E: Qcog 5^Q E- {2q)5 9= 5- ? :I =::l!aäi -v :/-oEO äi:;:V€ ga) c,= ^d 6'9,€ß F D€* E ;rL v;_\-v vrä F+ö9 b - b! g EE =(!>a* .A 3 E E I- 9-.-V-*r ;- ie\: Oa 6, E ö.=€5E3 K .-E ; ä ooEäE E F-- U - ä .9P o F-: sv - i 6 z i €3.=e u eä =H (\- ög Y i:== q\ q) HE rg E >o.,bo(€;; qs *; Y; ä;-o \, € ;EEE -? ;öEK;,e -F .'l EE =E E EFEä .-r!v * =_o (! Y = s; a; E e =eaE r. O.e E- o= ,- a.) V? tEä,= g e o.o. P x o Y xF/ E= R: F" E g I X EF fa i Hzu,.:irr.ttrl I ^^ q -Y -.r -.9 o o ca Eo,go 5c F ä E E ö = slll '$ v) TRADE TI175 \ \n Q \Q !n \n \O ql 90 Ci Q a $ oo ca $ co c! O r- oo $ O\ r- c{ -f, !n \n s oOf-cAF-OO= s g R \o co - s $ \o r--öo - i K ü ; s s il E R N $ = = ä : : + f- ca Cj*,-iC{1,-r*Frll l-rlll .f, It I 0.) (J \o C-l \o 5€as!n -r \o |. aR8:\o * Fr 8S8F5seD5!€t* 33RF K co | Q oo $ m n * $ \n F + c.l J F- N N + \.) c\CjFrC! * t+ I | | | | | | | \o CJ I I F n I> q.l .1 O C.l qQ - ö.1 oO oO N O\ c.) r O O\ O\ \O oO !n O\ oo öl ccr c\ c\l oo öl SFeSsTReS-S€SESg3$+S'8R$E ,-rc.l ca r< | | | I | - I I oo Ir I Q o\ r-.r ql \o ',/) qI b t> f- t -f, r- !n C) \o oo <' :t oo \o f- $ \o f- \o 9Q co - \O ö1 ct^r ca O \O $ cj c-l \n \O CF\,-i- co ö - co ö F oo ; i- \o c\ \O -r C-l r-.r .f, H F.r Fi - (n \f, tr- \O ö 6 N d öA - \O öO $ € t---*FtC\Fr-.t-ts-# \o s ÖI \o a q) .- ! tr +) F- oo öl t s=eF8gR5€8\8NSä-gr-8F$8S8- \o - bo cOooO*Fil- cr) O C! co16,-< ö- Nö;;\nF- $ 9 t-' l-Flt-tts---*-H co $ c\ \n f( o) O F C) F F I Q I (a !l =fr&Sä8=fiilNK88a3$\;$=oSfr3e f- - I--:tOFrc!f- F< O $\ö* O\J c{ @ I c..l +Jt-*O\ f-\-tr-*H-* cr^l \o - \n c! öl g .Fl I F .-I L S $ \O f- C.'l ca O O\ t-- f- oO \O $ O\ cA @ oO f- Cj Cj \n O \O C\ C-l f- Or o\ Fi \O c-l \O q> ö cj \n J c.l \n o\ N J \b \n rri \o ca e Fr 1 S C! n ö s OO O\ O O f- ce - * r-< Fr O\ OO \O \O cA \D c.i + + \O + C"j c\ = \o \n \nC-'lC\.lCaC{---*-ts \n I ca $ o0 a .-I E tr C.] \O F< S !O l} f- O N oO O f- cO Cj O \O O\ ca Fi oO f- O\ O öl \n :t ca al !o 9a Q o \9 cA cO c-l o\ c-.1 r- cj t- \o 6 Ö\ t-- t*r \n \n Ö - r- \n o\ cl^) 9 L oOO\ t-- f- @\O-r,-.i r-.rOO\oO f- \O\ $ + -d- $ $ d + cA cAe"j c\ oo 9 co f- A s $C\lC\C.lFrFF--- o\ c! x rrl c\ -ü 6 €(a I ra c\ o\ - SSFRK=sflSS€$p+Rü=NR8!5€8? @ \n \o -t \O c! f- \n F F ca O\ O\ oo oo \O a{ O + + ö n c"j S + + ö ö c\l \ö r- v \o c.r $-C\C-l---- \n oo tr öl co e ,i -a v .V H : öo - v E F I ,- -c! s ö- c! tr ö.1 L !t üflI :)- (.) ()-nj L,^ -rt - C ;i' Hoi I 3x' .: (-.] .!| L O a 9od C) 00 ET o.l U) u o.l cl ()_ l-r E9 H Ä\n ÄF 'ax OT ßv E C) q) j4fi.Y -a O 6c \n O c-l ti c{ I k E E c^t E ry5 € F 3 N ; d U .F E g'ä S = br ico = c.l rn fr'l FI g öl F F sääsä i Ec.l t i Eäs $s ä$Ä ssü ü E s ;.gä €- p E Ö.I F{ !;oi - öl ca \f, tn \o l- oo o\ o Fi c\l co \f, \n \o F- @ o\ o,-.r öl co $ \n rr'l z - F.r t+ Fr * F< rr * Fi F.r \o öi öI C\ C.l C{ C.l .. ? e T (,lI] "ica 3 e c TI176 TRADE \n \O \n oO ca or\ cA O\ oO ot\ co \O O O f- F- t'- v? Cj O c{ \n q\ rn O I O \o Q ; rn \o co c'r t> cQ c-'l ot co ö F- + + ö i.i ö ö ö ö ö rc S = So r+- ca F ü ö i.ti xj ä oo * < + N trr c\ o\ r- t-- c-l \o \o rö t-' c\ s + - * l* l-- | | | | c\ N$C{ l+ l- l--- c.l ttrllllllll I I c\ oo (J ca \n \n co äs$T3äK$BBDs=e:F8:ä5sH$$5-',- öl NcaC\ l: l*-<* l- | lFr I lÖl | | | | tr- tttllllll I I L F öl \n o\ F öl o.l o\ $ - t- \o ca oo\n -r Q q q' Ql g?I q' c! t:. !n 9f) o\ € o c.l s 8e S ä N€=93 = s $8e 8F F E5 fr @ öl T Fi lFr | | | | @ crlcAc{ l-'r l--r- l-- I C\ ltlllllllll I I \n f- oo oo $ s ö$HFR$äHsESEPähgX9äB;X$5: - Q.l - C.l co \n oo \n !- öl öl s o .-q) öo q\ $ L N \n \O F oO cA :f, F- OO OO \n oo c! !O ca q\ 1 O q\ o \Q Öl y? - s {ra .i \o co o\ \n \n \n o \n r- ca ä ö \ö \c + N ln F oo oo d - ö r'- Q 9n i oo ;I Ya ooc.l=Gi ött--ioo--"rQ oo.++t-'-r$ O\Ölcoco - ts- co c- \tFiFt-Cj-rC\ c\ $ I KF EqJ lr q) U a- -A x \o q\ c\ oo \o \n r- \n ca e !9 v1 at ? il K N 5 K f, = s"c.i s R ? 3 € ÖI \n t 3 S 3 S != = F caw F ö n N dl cn c- - o] € F R E b (n \4 @ - . F I .I (Ö oo \n -r \O @ t-* c"l \n '$ \O t'- !n \n r-r [-' oo C'l o\ !- r q' on L O $ S| f- C\ -i a t-- rn F- v EXhnsbrSnnS=R$GnK33R:äDs8 \n - Fl Fr - t-'l - Fr # + - - F s € |r) f- \n C! öl Fr F.l r-l t - t ä0 I .-I F. v L c.l c.i öl $ f- I r co Si$F$il$ESRRRRs&JS:EESFFFF - F -i - - F< - t - $ 9 C..| t - Pr - - F Fl F cg $ t'- $ ct^) \n - (t)G :. \n og 9 co f- -) @ oo r- lFt c.t =r$F5ä3äRsäSäär$38N3$äägü \o Fi Fi - r-'i Fi !-i Fi r+ F - H F F - - cO t*- S C{ a.l $ \n L (..) A ! I € (J L -.-. oo - .- v A I E s ! GI C) -l crt c)J L 9"i t - C) E\n :) L - :^ :..ev !a - ?o, <) 9 Ho\ q) 9o, .!l .=N L (.) o v=hc a oo Öl o0 a) C! o.- c't t< 'ö+ä ;I .2n .- O c\O .F röJ q) () - t< .Y \O v r \J Öi q :. €:iv ?i s \ö la - Y c€ i9 c.l L tlr) ,; E trE 3Ä ö.1 rrl " rn gsä - ägF3s i ss s EEE;inEE EEE sE F F Es -4. c6 C-.1 ,J - = -i ö] - örco$ \n\or*- oo o\o z = s:= !9: = 3 R F N R N K ..9u \ i7)g.l I ^^ 9 - i-L ca TRADE TII]] 3.6.8 EU imports, by product EUR 15(7) l0o0t Vo TAY 1993194 1990/91 t99t/92 1992/93 1993/94xx 1gga93 2 J 4 5 6 Total cereals (r): 5 044 5 501 4 126 4391 6,4 -26,2 - Common wheat | 436 1 355 | 154 852 - Durum wheat 271 304 292 31'1 8,6 - - Rye 2t 27 36 23 36,1 - - Barley 210 119 144 91 36,8 - - Oats 29 31 39 35 10,3 - Maize 2 631 3 226 I 895 2 106 l1,l - - Other (including sorghum) 458 439 565 482 14,7 Husked rice 453 4A6 348 403 15,8 Sugar (2) 2019 1951 2056 2059 0,1 Wine (1 000 hl) (3) 3 070 3 143 3 193 4 058 27,1 Fresh fruit 5833 : : i x Fresh vegetables 2802::: x Rapeseed 28t 301 375 528 40,8 Sunflower seed 309 428 786 798 1,5 1994 1991 1992 1993 1994 l9% Olive oil 139,8 92,2 95,3 r 89,9 99,3 Soya: - seed t2 529,4 14263,2 12833,2 1407r,2 9,6 - oil 12,2 6,5 2,9 0,6 -19,3 - cake l0 458,5 10763,7 lt 154,9 13284,4 19,1 Lucerne meal 82,1 111,9 13,3 20,9 57,1 Fibres: - flax 13,8 12,6 15,6 41,6 166,1 - hemp 1,0 0,2 0,3 1,7 466,7 Raw tobacco 5)'7'7 s26,8 409,2 489,8 lg,7 Apples (fresh) I 007,1 866,9 637,7 601,4 -5-l Pears (fresh) 262,4 297,9 243,3 236,0 - 3,0 Peaches 14,1 16,8 8,9 10,8 21,3 Oranges 922,9 885,5 798,1 845,3 5,9 Lemons I 19,8 128,6 95,',| r 65,5 72,9 Tomatoes 350,5 356,7 391,5 464,7 18,5 Potatoes 535,9 502,0 395,3 426,4 7,9 Live plants (a) 585,5 629,0 674,1 726,0 7,6 Hops: - conec and powders 18,0 16,9 15,7 15,I -1R'))') - saps and extracts 0,9 1,0 0,9 I,t Butter and butteroil 68,2 48,3 65,0 64,8 - 0,3 Cheese 109,4 l0g,g 108,6 128,5 18,3 Skimmed-milk powder 5,1 1) 19,0 33,1 74,2 Whole-milk powder 0,5 0,5 t) 5,0 316,7 Condensed milk )) 1,1 0,3 0,6 r00,0 Casein s8,2 53,6 58,8 87,4 48,6 -t ') Beef/veal (s) 303,8 312,2 275,0 294,9 Pigmeat (s) 151 156 12,3 12,9 4,9 Poultrymeat (s) 114,9 I r9,5 117,3 137,4 17,1 Sheepmeat (s) 224,6 ))q 4 209,8 213,1 1,6 Eggs (o) 23.6 19.2 18,6 19.8 6,5 Source: Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (r) Incl. derived products. except rice. (2) Incl. the sugar contained in processed products. (l) Incl. vermouths and aromatized wines, except in the case of France. (a) In million ECU; including horticultural products. (5) Live animals and meat expressed as fresh carcass weight (incl. preserves). (6) In terms of shell weight (from 1977, albumin and its derivatives included). (7) EUR 12. T/I]8 TRADE 3.6.9 EU exports,by product EUR 15(?) 1000t VoTAY 1993t94 1990/91 1991/92 r992/93 t993t94* lgwt% I 2 3 4 5 6 Total cereals (r): 29 993 34 534 37 819 32 526 - 14,0 - Common wheat r8 267 t9 432 21718 l8 813 - 13,4 - Durum wheat 2 011 4m7 3427 1753 - 48,8 '705 - Rye 276 I 899 653 - 65,6 - Barley 9 388 9 512 8 817 7 466 - 15,3 - Oats 56 59 75 38 - 49,3 - Maize 0 175 1871 3060 63,5 - Other (including sorghum) 0 44156 - 60,0 Husked rice -)l 20 t4 22 57,1 Sugar (2) 5 621 4716 5436 6484 19,3 Wine (l 000 hl) (3) 85# 8 731 9796 11152 13,8 Fresh fruit | 416 X Fresh vegetables 4 663 X Rapeseed I 1 602 533 - ll,5 Sunflower seed 3 354t3 - 75,9 r994 I 991 t992 1993 1994 1gv3 Olive oil 192,9 ?111 212,1 227,9 a^ Soya: - seed ))1 76,2 18,3 20,7 13,1 - oil 598,4 634,1 5r3,0 493,8 - \'7 - cake 793,1 I 090,1 I 023,0 l 008,1 - 1,5 Lucerne meal 59,4 62,3 107,1 147,5 37,7 Fibres : - flax 175 38,3 68,2 78,5 15,1 - hemp 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,1 - 50,0 Raw tobacco 210,6 200,3 209,5 208,8 - 0,3 Apples (fresh) 146,5 170,4 366,6 409,7 I 1,8 Pears (fresh) 5)) 60,0 61,0 gg,g 47,2 Peaches 96,8 121,6 103,9 179,6 72,9 -l Oranges 541,5 6r6,3 845,4 r 036,9 )) Lemons 194,2 141,9 261,0 228,1 - 12,6 Tomatoes I 31,6 147,4 211,2 278,r 31,7 Potatoes I 090,4 691,0 900,3 874,0 -2,9 Live plants (a) 990,7 | 043,9 I 038,0 | 175,2 13,2 Hops: - cones and powders 14,3 14,8 13,8 16,9 ))\ - saps and extracts 1,7 1,6 6,6 1,5 Butter and butteroil 301,7 223,6 r82,5 149,4 - 18,1 Cheese 483,6 465,9 523,9 515,1 - 1,7 Skimmed-milk powder ?5t R 391,3 282,6 144,3 - 48,9 Whole-milk powder 618,4 580,5 584,8 586,6 0,3 Condensed milk 316,0 343,0 351,0 286,1 - 18,5 Casein 59,7 71,2 60,6 60,9 0,5 Beef/veal (5) | 107,7 l 057,3 972,3 932,4 - 4,r Pigmeat (5) 366,6 2M,5 362,2 5514 52,8 Poultrymeat (s) 468,7 510,5 649,6 665,6 ?5 Sheepmeat (5) t9,7 5,8 6,3 6,8 7,9 Eggs (u) 104.9 106,3 I l0,l 113.2 2,8 Source: Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. TRADE TII]9 -iqoo^ol o{ l.n x x o^ o^\o^o{c? o-\qo{ e\ o{ a a t.l O f\FlNO Fi$C€-r OO-t-rO CO OO \O - C\ Fr # t Ö C.r-{ \n C\l ,) f.l c? q x x o^ \v],ric? \o^\o^\o^q c.lqqc{ c\ a 9 o @cQÖio o$[*rFr f\F.r-Q ct^r oo rÖ <> Fi n * ö c.r -i \n Fi C\1 rr'1 vl x x o^ v)\o^\o^ol c?oo^cl $^ 1o^\o^c\ o" a q ? o o\c.)c.lo o$t--Fr t--c\-ro cÖ o\ \n a ,-.i s OcQFi\n-C{* o^ ,ri \o" oq s" c"] \o^ oo" \o^ c{ 1 \ o{ c? a x x \i O OOC\lNO -'r\ft\O-r f-C{- ,ri q -i \o" qq\c\ v?ö{qo" *i o{ \ O^ ca F,i co ca<.f-cA or\oot--O ooOOFr\nCO r+ t-i Fr r-i (\ r-r F< Cj F< r< Fr öl C.l Ö] o o\ - Of-öl il8x$ 8;ss 65F3 3 = ä ä N F : \n orgr-'-i 6orc-loö ;;oo'-'r $ ca o\ \o oo t-- ct^) $ c.) tr- '-i C{ C\ \n \ra Fr \oo\oc{co-- $ ca c{ ocqoF c.)\or-o co\oo!o cl ca o\ \n s 0 c\l co q) \O \O Ö öN\n\n c.] 6:f- c.lFiooO\ O\ O\ !O .- C-l oO + OcAcri ,- \f)!+-f- O\Ot-- Fi $ C\l O\ cO lr f-C\l-t-rf--t--N$Car* *r s $ o\ \n c{ c] I I- 9 c*( € I S R=8S sRfr8 F8e8 € fr + 8 E Ö Ö oo !+tt-<'-r \Ol-i@ O*Or co Fr co -t rn (a o\ c.l \o Öl l- .r oo c-l $ $ -( t-- \n ct^) t-'r \o A \n c..l cj # -FI ! = tr ö0 ci c.l c{ tr- -t F- o\ *i r-. öl \n o\ t-- \o -f, \o cl $ \ \ tn a F.r -r - v) \o o \o r- r- t- c-l \n F o\ c€ cr.\ oo o t-- Öl !o 'i - Ö Ö OO OOI\nC.l Fr\-.rOOO' Oölol\ O ,-r f- O\ f- \n OO \O -F-- O\caco $-r t'- \n ca r-r \O i .- - - O\ \tl c\ c.l e tr ! c! a 0) J {l F ; I i-9 l- cti .9i - äo.;: (t) +) rr- I € ..i Gt --!t =J'tr v z äi + ä a O-.j.' tr a A- (ü YI E X O I ;i ? ,9,o - v A 5+ L -ra p E R .ESH € Ä -o;'E- E HriXie t -.x< - a5t- ;9 E I = r\ 4.- i L OT n=8€ + L cd(ä =4ra)Vvl^r\ H.äE* ä0 '= \o;; .,7v (! üHFU ts ö] n" c -^G CH EE; e 8. 7 't üE ;xE,Fs> &FE; s =t -- ö a -r E g.=-g ...rG I Ei : .s F-äE F E 3 iN.F l.i .= aj 3< F F E ö.'FI q F 3ä i € I g;-Eta-s g olp 3Z{ ,=H..rA al F d ääÄs 'fäEE ö]c-ix - c s :gSs ; ; u I E N ? ;= U .-| c! -"StrC E & & S s E S H E'H =F10ä;! l- = f.t E A EE *p ;E . E t i J E ,E2ai ,= oE=;.ü.d:l E;;Efo:: TE frE #E EEÜ H .,.= tr :i a ; € i E; Ät ör ü E = i : s E;fiF=5 Y öZ,gQFI! ,Cl -i c.i c.; + .r; \o tr- oo o\ O -, ca 3 CCECCC T/I80 TRADE rn x x o- .o^v1 o^\ oo.qo^\ o"ro^o"n c? oo. o- q q t.'( O coHc\\O t--O-O tn0t-O oO co C rt t :f,- t O ci -J X X o" q,riaq c?.f"\\ €^\qoo^ q \ q a .o^ O co-c.l\O ooOOO \nC\OO r- ca O =f, \n tr) - I $- co ,rl x x o" \o^o^ctv? qc?v?q avl\o^q -i q v] q o $o.lc\\o ooooo \ncloo o\ cq o\ c.) \o s O$-CA-* X X o- 1v1 c1 o^ c?ctq\ qq,ri\ c? c{ c? q \o^ O f-ölölr- OOOO F(c.lOO O $ O cq \O . o" c? o^ 1\=J^c? \c1 q.\o- oqv?rlq c{ q o{ o" oo^ Fr ol oO O\l*-caöl \Oölgoo c.lcOOO O O\ ca \O \O Fr Fr - C{\O Cö$ rr Fr I I oO C.'l t-- O\ $ \O t** @ co O tt- \O O\ C{ {n O\ t-- oO S oo o\ - oo coo\oca ooor-c.l oo\o\oo\ s - o\ oo o\ t-- \O - t---O\O OC.lrf,ca t---$- C.l t'- $ O\ - cA OO \n O\\n cO F- \O- -nO$-- O t*- cO \Oöi\O-+ OO\O\nr $O-tO oO Cj O\ Fr O\ ca o\ c.) o\c\lr-o -\oooo oco\ncl1 @ \o rn Fr \n \n \O oO QoOoOt'- O-rC.lcA \O*cOcO $ \n cA F- cA oo \o - oo$ c\l \o \o-i I-- - $ \i N o .-q) :o\$-- L +r A I -!a O\ \n \O cA\OScO Fi(\{O\O FiOOO:f, $ C.l \O t'- \n O\ F- F oO:tcOöl OC\o:\cA \Or.n.f,$ C.l - \O C..l - 9 t*- ca F- C.l\Ooo\n F (t) g !t - cA Fr \n OO cQ C.l ,-.r O.l C.tr cO t-- \O t-- t\ c.) $ cA O\ \O F .f, -f,oO$O lr O\ oO -oOcA\O F-C.loO\O O\ O oO O\ t-* - (t.l \n -i \n \o ca co J ä0 o\ o, .l OJ -L J *) - (t) +) I- -l v z a lr a g € - 9 cg rJ) -L 'trc) J -€ EC -I 3v .-I L 00 fr=8E c! tiKFü CH qrryc:äqcFDPvrqB'q €(n EEö E E € g.=-g E-äE E ; E L .= 6j 7-r ö= Eö'sP eiSH ,q 5 V A I t ()X c d s :sSq AäÄS ,trääE : ; 3 E&ügbo€Sö'E'g il Pe D r 'äp*; ä; F; .-j t F E ä - tr tr t'E = ! i B =hss = = :E E; EE - Z E : i E F € Eb A€ ,5€ h E g 5 ? -i c.i c.; + ,r: \o c- oo i i -; "iea TRADE T/I8I ,^- ö.1 \) \-/ U o rr) t-- * \o * rrl oo o\ rt t-- ca b $ t a ca \o oo |l o'l u? t{ ä€,$5ngE++TSRNTYISKNJ FT .S c.{llnlllc.l'll-lll tr5 lllt ,J II (J 5=Y=e8€3rS;$3N3S=8Fü8| q1 - * * Ö o\ * + F ö \o oo I' c.t ^ | t t-- N | (..) cacalll-lllll L k F ca ci F oa g g 5 S O\ O C.l K 3 $ s 8 K F F ; 3 + R- S * 6 ö J + N n rÖ tn 6 | c.l <-'l t..l | | oo öl | vlll*lllll rl # cr o € : F- 3 3 3 S S € S S F S H ='ln x R cat/-)c\|ca*.f,=Ö.l(\lc.) =ör öI O\ l-- - öl - öl O aO N tr- \O c! Öl F t * oO N co c1 0\6\oö\orr;F\oöN O\\OC\tai-$e-C{cA-- c'l = # - - O oO ca S t-- t-- !? O oO O\ rc r) O\ O\ Öl O\ \n O lr) $ \n $ \n O\ c') N \n * - S F c{ooc.] \i*In=-c'ld*- O\ öI gE:go\EIspH€cogHsRSESRS o 9ooc\+ lr) O cA ca cA * sf, O\ \O O\ OO C.l O\ $ t-- \ O\ \| C='l \ C'l O -f, J \n \n ca ca $ * O c-'l oo oo (n F + \o Ö & + F q) O'tnicot--tr'-oo-Öl*ooc\l*- .! k !\o- .-€ tr L o q) 63\oF#SSXRSFoTgR5$R\ffgE :) \ö-JOOtr-i-6r.,-co+ooÖl-Öi o oo\o+ cg c) a lr q) 6 o €q) c! tra a L d -.q) =H F F (.) q)x F -a :- L v F I S"'3 ööcs q.) 6t () 'E .-- 0) a q) .t+u .- u).aßE .r. a.l lr OO.ütr -HH E;i lv +. J-J s I s qi t € E f ü ä E - .o) ^' ä ch ra H"F g 8fii äN I s?.1 3 s E -i -A. EEöE: ER (,) = a+ ä E I Ej t = ra) E €.q c.l : E E o I - F",-uE ä ü,H _u E € E - uo +a g g5 .l ? F 3 = E ö E ä 5 E E Ä F E ä E ü E F 3 F 9\o *N c) o rg r r'l ö] f,l L t: ca : G oo ö] rA D v - c-l OÖ] + I -ol \ rä c.l - N \O -r C{ p -;) $ a- Y -i Ir) r-i -r $ O.l C..l -^^ q "ica 3 I E I I I I I s I B : s F N R x s R nfl -i TII82 TRADE ^- :-z Q ta Cl\ a { O O\ \O t'- \O :f, O' oo c\ r- O\ rn O- S \O c.) öl co u? |/1)p ca \O oo \n \e oo O\ \O ö c{ r $ ö -- \O \ö O t-f .S co\n C..l c..l $ ca O c}\ C\ C-l - $ | 6l trä O\l*-ll p I - 88 5 ä S I p 3 e = R g g il 3 S o g S ; + co t-r * öi öi \n co * \o ca c\ c..l S-l-F!r(\(\-ll- I I o9t \n \n rta o rn \n ci o\ o\ oo - ce c{ c.l \o .+ o\ ca \QN c.l öl \O $ - O c) C\ ö oO O \O c.l cq -f, 6 f- F \oco - N \n ca @ € ca Ä cal-')(\ll- I I 5ä g e I s 3 : n g K € 6 T R S c\i g 5 5 ; c', O\S c\ öi :t O öl \n = c.l c-l - - c..l \nt * t 8fl 5 S $ € I h g s s s € g € 3 c{ r F ä $ co c.lca öl cq \n C-l - + c{ c..l Fr r H \otf, - $ \n o\ a ca o c{ o c) o $ o\ Fi t-- -f, c{ öl tr- \o c.) c.) c.) s! \a N \o f-- rn ca r-- + oo c.t ,-.r $ \o :i -i \n \n o\- - OO \O H C-l (n OO ,-.r CA öl C\] Fr # C\l @cf) cö O\F< \O \n CA * O\ * C.l - \O OO O\ H O O\ öl \O CA O O\ O s!! ca Fr co c\l o $ * - c.) $ <) \n -f, ; \o Ö + \n O\ $ C-l H C.l cO C.l \O cO c.I ca qlq, \O \n O C\ \ö C.l \n * F- C-l oO \n O\ \i C{ \n cA C{ oO O oc-l ca - F c\ \n co \n # $ ca oo c..l $ Fr \o t-- co Fi c\ c.) oo Fr c.l # +co- co q)\f, $ \n oo a F- \n F- * \ö - o -f, c.l $ - \o c{ tr- $ o \nsf, cO O\ * f-' ca \n * cO $ ö C.l \i - rn \O cA '-i CQ Ca O\ * \-.r C.l r-r \n c.i co ; L C) h ! - ,o (n .-q) €Lr 50q ?1 C I !a S(h F.h 9 0)v - €.sF rl aA.C) \J >,4 6t 3AO3E oO..l () g"', t!o\ -F g H trtr) CE € gd ., E L ö E f # E; o : >.$ lr q) g!ii E ÄI iol i) .- s5a u $Enroü ..god -t öE E ö- v 5 qF =c) a €€E E eEE;*ä$e #,;;;;Enc r< g E b la ß U = ö = e I 3 3 e F -c ü.: F. e ;Eg - r- +) .\ C) .- = ä i g = E g \J boa F 5 E ä 5 5 E E E ä E E 2 T,Ügü c 4- q) )3I Xörxio - 9)1 cg tr lü böl TP -- C d p oo ;N \o lz ö.1 c\l !: - üLöJ + L ! -^l (n- ,i .c.t) d ca \O * Orl ..- *^M - q -- X J ^.) .ci Fr * c''l c'l I Zoql o Fi N ca s \rr \.o f\ oo o\ - a\) ea oflfl Ävvvv ä A I I I5 I I = S F S R N R R S ace TRADE T/183 .'* *O*O\C{\n*cQ$ "(n .' n" o^ c{ 1o-.{ oo-c1 c1 "!n " OO\OOt--oo$\nO\$ -@ oi ri c.i +,ri J rJ oi,ri \o +röt *- cf)***** \n\O€**0O+OOlr) "tr) " "CÖ c..lt--O\\C)*-C-*O "O " \ooo+ca\oo!n\os * ca f-rooc}\l-C.lO\*\O \O t=o\or.)N<.\o$\ö oo cAOO\O$oO$*tr- ca *\ncQttr-Öl<-t--t.|n @ ö.1 ölO$O\vl oOr*ötO "+ " "O\ \öca-++t--ooo- "oo " "cj \nO\\OölrflOO\cö\n cA oo C.-,\Olr)-COt-\o- .a or. \OSO$*\nca@|r) F- oo F-$oo\o\oc{t--$ co r lr) O(nN*\O*$\OO \O *Caf- C.rOO*CQ\O * + t\.l O.l .' "b " $ tn O\ O t-- - C'l \O c'r tr- " ölO*t--!n:+OcAO\ "n c.l€öltr)ornc.)00(n * dcOOO-t=rOtr)f--O\ O C.l lr) rn :+ oo t-- \o -+ \o o\ oo \OC..la>96t----\O!n S & .f, O\l.)ca*\ör$\O* - c-1 ro C.l Oo - ci !Ö * öl C.l \nFoO\OO\.nOO\I-- "O .' "C{ d$OO,.+S\O\O\O "$ " "lr) SO\OoONf-t-(Ö* \n O\ .{r-caöO.\Or*+O' € oo *\noo\nF-F-rOf-* OO N rfr - ö.t l-- lr) r) o. öl o' .a \n O\\OC]*\öOCa\OH Ct *cq\o cj|.- cnt+ <. * c{ c.l O\\OoO\n0Olr.llndco "cO " "O\ q\-i\o-qc\qcflq " oq " " o" i.ri oi od c.i c.i + rd -i i ol +cO\öOC-.1 *OO@O\ cA cO oo - +-* a'l - CQ(\I*-**FiCa * * " "tn \O \.) O\ \O \O ca O\ ca In " \O' (.)t--OOOOt--F-O\nF- "* *c'\(tlF\OO\ncöO\ \O rrcAO\C1 ++O\O(..l t-- c{ $ c- - *O€tO+oOl-\O O * oC t-- C t'- t-- * v': \o \O o lr) + O öl (-.l c.l \O tt- * d O c-l cn co COöl$ rÖF- coo\ O\ s * öt + :* "cA " "O'l O'öl\OooO\oOoOcAO\ "oO " "O c.l O\cOS*öloo$Otr- co (-r +coOOOOcOO\ö.1 O\* t-- \O $-$(nooor\ö'lc-l$ +O\t-ölC.)i\OOO@ @ O\ @ cr, C-l c.t \O O \O * .a ta) * oO t - - ö.1 ölö.1 öl \n\o F-\o * @ O\*OCjlr)lniaQOO tr)* o C.lt#* d +) ! I !a = -t- k öo L g L .'ca "ca " "F- tr) (n@catn\OölölÖl O\ " "\O -l o\@$t-*$<-:+oot..- ,- v *@cQoOOcOo\Nl-- \o t-- 1t.l oO rn ca - ce1 - rO rO oC O' |.- \n o\ co c'l o\ ca I-* < ca o\ o oo-ooF-lr)o<'ooa..l + \o @ O\*rnCj$rr)*tr.:O * ca c.'l c.l öl ö.1 tr) F I-- t'- * oo .ta r.) () r- c.l * ** * (') tFl I- ööi 6l ürr) - ö$ 6g I L "\O " "O\ öiOO*C.ll-if-OO+ "$ " "\O O\ö.1 öi\O\OO:f,ca\f, .+ ^ c.] t I-- n 0O \O tn C.'l O ca ca t- O\ +oo*rno{FO\O.a O. - oo.a..) tn C-.1 tn F* jod ! *oOOO\\O(}\t--O.$ t-- $ O\ O Fr $ - * e.l ölö.tc,l \ t- oo\o * @ i O\*:+*$.f,*tnO\ .= a.l - C!*** a-L I .2 v', OT L =(.r äo F^ c€ O s4- !g !S .l tV tV. ü, d, 3ö.. q) DD - trl rrl t! Irl e Irl *.1.. s ES :^! p ? a.l E€ "€: -v E !-)=ho o .tl v tsP -E- $ \-:c s j-v-! Et-ii )Z rrl $ b d** EE=E.v .. Q T )E?d,EFiF qBSlb: S 5Fü€,F!?e €P&E9.p UF< rci -s EEqg'EBF.sgbSX'F.g oi- ca s EÄÄEFEiüESE;;ES 3AAä ÄEE2.EE,ää5 q TII84 TRADE 3.6.15 Intra-EU trade, by product, incoming merchandise EUR 15(7) I 0001 7oTAY 1993t94 1990t9l 199U92 t992t93 1993/94*x lgw% I 2 J 4 5 6 ',137 Total cereals (r): 32 459 34 606 31 25 297 - 20,3 - Common wheat 13297 14083 t3 717 13395 -)1 - Durum wheat 2616 3 184 2627 I 304 - 50,4 - Rye 134 t32 t27 91 -28,3 - Barley 6297 5972 5096 4865 - 4,5 - Oats 264 307 262 196 -)5) - Maize 9 515 l0 s70 9 563 lt 703 ))4 - Other (including sorghum) 315 353 334 462 38,3 Husked rice 2lo 257 249 236 - 5'.) Sugar (2) 2566 2 908 2524 2694 6,7 Wine (l 000 hl) (3) 26758 27 728 25737 27 263 5,9 Fresh fruit 5241 : : : X Fresh vegetables 8331 : : : x '7) Rapeseed l 864 1 885 880 943 Sunflower seed 981 1 226 415 397 - 4.3 t994 l99l 1992 1993 1994 -tgg3 Olive oil 480,8 339,4 368,5 403,4 9,5 Soya: _ seed 497,s 516,2 589,l 470,9 - 20,1 - oil 582,1 558,0 422,0 453,9 7,6 - cake 2952,6 2992,1 2852,4 2 941,1 3,1 Lucerne meal 493,1 468,7 682,6 629,4 - 7,8 Fibres: - flax 150,9 134,4 t71,4 r89,7 10,7 - hemp 2,9 3,9 3,1 )7 - 25,8 Raw tobacco 142,0 r 36,0 124,8 122,9 - 1,5 Apples (fresh) 1 450,2 l 380,6 l 330,3 1325,3 -o,4 Pears (fresh) 3'.79,2 396,6 356,I 453,2 )'7 7 Peaches 537,8 590,5 446,3 598,8 34,2 Oranges 1 297,5 | 346,1 l 160,6 1235,1 6,4 Lemons 303,8 3r5,9 304,5 323,6 6,3 Tomatoes 955,r l 031,8 838,2 | 033,1 ?11 Potatoes 4 384,4 4081,2 3 776,6 4 359,2 15,4 Live plants (a) 3 6',72,6 3109,6 2 639,4 295',7,6 12,1 Hops: '7) '75 - cones and powders 8,0 0,0 - saps and extracts 1,4 1,3 4,6 1,4 - 69,6 Butter and butteroil 543,0 612,3 581,4 565,8 a'7 Cheese | 234,4 1 350,5 | 236,r 1349,8 9,2 Skimmed-milk powder 579,2 695,2 s95,l 547,l - 8,1 Whole-milk powder 167,8 186,7 200,0 219,5 9,8 Condensed milk 393,9 484,7 319,6 406,5 )'7 ) Casein 1)L 68,7 65,5 84,6 29,2 Beef and veal (5) l 888,6 | 932,0 | 727,2 l 980,3 14,7 Pigmeat (s) 2 111,2 2 429,2 2254,5 2309,2 2,4 Poultrymeat (5) 825,0 948,2 871,2 | 034,2 18,7 Sheepmeat (5) 224,9 259,8 245,8 260,1 5,8 Eggs (o) 5755 561,0 412.3 4&.3 12,6 TRADE T/I85 3.6.16 Intra-EU trade, by product, outgoing merchandise EUR 15(?) 1000t Vo TAY 1993/94 1990/91 t99192 t99493 1993/94* tgw% 2 -') 4 5 6 Total cereals ('): 3224'7 35 624 32 490 34 567 6,4 - Common wheat 14 l2'7 14284 14539 15704 8,0 - Durum wheat 2155 3721 2629 3 039 15,6 - Rye 133 141 136 227 66,9 - Barley 7 207 7 064 5787 5 614 - 3,0 - Oats 27s 309 292 270 -7 5 - Maize 8 036 9724 8759 9 099 3,9 - Other (including sorghum) 305 373 341 416 22,0 Husked rice 147 232 26s 136 - 48,7 Sugar (2) 2620 2984 2671 3135 t'7,4 Wine (l 000 hl) (3) 26702 27 342 25 442 29829 77,2 Fresh fruit X Fresh vegetables X Rapeseed X Sunflower seed x 1994 l99l r992 1993 t994 w Olive oil 454,9 7't) 1 336,2 366,5 9,0 Soya: - seed 435,0 7't'14 239,7 8l r,5 240,0 - oil 589,3 sqr 5 415,8 482,3 16,0 - cake 2 975,5 3 017,1 3 057,2 3 316,6 8,5 Lucerne meal 434,6 427,5 727,0 576,2 -20,1 Fibres: - flax 156,8 139,4 r 35,3 159,8 18,r - hemp 0,8 0,5 0,8 0,2 -75,0 '7,9 Raw tobacco t41,3 I18,4 I 13,0 121,9 (fresh) Apples r 358,9 | 269,8 1 465,9 | 533,1 4,6 Pears (fresh) 322,1 377,0 439,4 528,1 20,5 Peaches 5451 598,3 51?s 681,1 26,7 0ranges | 299,8 | 373,1 1 375,1 I 365,5 - 0,7 Lemons 300,0 3ll,l 351,1 347,4 - 1,1 Tomatoes 956,r 1042,1 | 034,9 | 255,1 21,3 Potatoes 4 444,4 4 050,3 3 819,3 4 465,1 16,9 Live plants (a) 3 585,9 3 690,7 3149,2 3 888,3 ?15 Hops: - cones and powders 8,5 8,3 \'7 6,3 10,5 - saps and extracts 1,0 I,t I,t I,l 0,0 Butter and butteroil 593,9 598,4 598,9 562,6 - 6,1 Cheese | 236,9 | 354,5 1 412,6 | 444,3 ')) Skimmed-milk powder s85,0 118,4 615,2 564,1 - 8,3 Whole-milk powder 185,4 207,4 286,0 288,6 0,9 Condensed milk 397,7 477,0 421,3 392,6 - 6,8 Casein 62,0 60,4 57,6 64,0 I I,1 Beef and veal (5) | 934,2 | 941,9 I 861,5 I 930,8 (5) Pigmeat 2135,6 2 438,5 2 358,4 2 680,1 13,6 Poultrymeat (s) 834,1 958,3 987,2 1 106,3 12,7 Sheepmeat (5) 22s,6 251,6 241,7 251,7 4,1 (6) Eggs 582,9 561.8 504,3 527,6 4,6 T/I86 TRADE 3.6.17 EU imports of agricultural and food products from EFTA countries Iceland Norway SITC codes Products 1993 1994 1993 1994 5 6 2 J 4 19 595,7 0-9 All products 819.9 921,4 t7 320,5 Agricultural products (total) (r) 689,9 728,9 | 524.3 | 657,0 0,3 00 Live animals 1,7 2,0 0,3 0,7 0l Meat 0,2 0,3 0,9 8,1 02 Milk and eggs 0,0 0,0 8,2 354,3 03 Fish 604,0 649,6 | 225,5 6,0 04 Cereals 0,0 0,0 5,5 ?s 05 Fruit and vegetables 0,0 0,1 3,7 "te 1,3 06 Sugar and honey 0,0 0,0 1,3 7,9 07 Coffee, cocoa, tea, spices 0,0 0,0 8,6 30,9 08 Animal feed 56,1 52,6 41,6 3,2 09 Food products 0,0 0,1 3,0 3,6 1l Beverages 1,3 1,7 3,2 0,2 t2 Tobacco 0,0 0,0 0,1 50,3 2l Hides 2,8 3,4 36,3 0,0 22 Oilseeds 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 23r Natural rubber 0,0 0,0 0,0 745,3 24 Timber and cork 0,0 0,0 148,3 3,3 261-265+ 268 Natural textile fibres 1,1 1,4 2,5 5,4 29 Agricultural raw materials 1,5 1,8 7,9 32,6 4 Oils and fats 21,7 15,9 27,6 se2.1lI Starches, inuline 0.0 0,0 0,0 0,0 s92.r2 Gluten t| Sources..Eurostat and EuropeanCommission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (') 0, 1, 21, 22, 231,24, 261 to 265+268, 29, 4, 592.1. (2) EUR 12. TRADE TIIS] EUR 15 (2) (Mio ECU) Sweden Finland Switzerland Austria t993 t994 1993 t994 t993 t994 1993 1994 7 8 9 l0 l1 t2 13 t4 23 237,7 27 502,0 r0 132,7 12304,5 35674,5 38702,4 22 186,4 24 629,9 1740,1 2135.6 I 000,3 1 339,0 | 042,9 | 210.7 I 196,5 | 425,3 4,9 3,6 0,4 0,5 15,7 15,7 76,5 69,1 8,4 16,3 0,4 0,3 I1,1 12,4 145,2 r23,7 7,1 1g,g 42,4 44,5 295,0 293,6 69,5 76,2 47,5 65,3 0,9 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,0 0,7 54,5 56,9 21,4 1g,g 73,3 7g,g 65,8 82,9 26,9 30,4 5,1 9,0 22,3 32,3 39,5 46,6 12,l 13,0 ))) 24,4 43,7 42,5 lg,2 2l,l 85,8 60,0 15,4 16,9 98,5 109,5 54,9 46,5 3,9 3,1 1,0 0,6 56,0 64,3 20,5 26,2 30,9 34,4 r,9 2,4 159,0 188,6 2g,l 31,3 9,8 13,7 3,0 2,9 39,4 51,9 66,3 I48,1 0,6 0,7 0,3 0,1 4,2 61,2 1,4 1,3 35,3 29,7 47,3 73,3 42,2 46,7 24,7 27,3 3,5 1,9 0,1 0,6 0,4 0,8 9,4 16,0 0,2 0,3 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 I 359,3 | 729,8 828,2 127,9 107,9 r16,7 538,8 671,6 0,9 0,3 0,1 0,7 20,3 34,6 5,5 4,4 26,7 2g,l 3,3 7) 39,9 49,0 19,1 lg,6 22,9 30,5 7,0 9,4 12,5 10,1 13,0 13,5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,0 T/I88 TRADE 3.6.18 EU exports of agricultural and food products to EFTA countries Iceland Norway SITC codes Products 1993 t994 1993 1994 5 6 I 2 4 11308,0 0-9 All products 628,0 582,3 t0 019,4 Agricultural products (total) ( r) 64,2 66,8 722.6 824,0 2,8 00 Live animals 0,1 0,0 2,r 7,2 01 Meat 0,3 0,3 9,0 15,8 02 Milk and eggs 0,3 0,3 15,5 32,6 03 Fish 0,9 0,6 28,3 75,6 04 Cereals 9,6 9,7 66,8 138,9 05 Fruit and vegetables 9,9 9,J 120,5 7,8 76,5 84,0 06 Sugar and honey " t- 51,3 07 Coffee, cocoa, tea, spices 7,9 8,7 49,7 74,9 08 Animal feed 2,0 2,0 58,4 90,6 09 Food products 9,1 9,8 83,4 ll Beverages 9,8 9,6 66,5 79,5 t2 Tobacco 2,0 2,0 12,9 13,5 20,2 21 Hides 0,1 0,1 13,3 4,0 22 Oilseeds 0,2 0,1 5,4 231 Natural rubber 0,0 0,0 0,2 0,2 34,6 24 Timber and cork 2,4 2,1 18,5 7,7 261-265+ 268 Natural textile fibres 0,7 0,2 6,2 29 Agricultural raw materials 2,1 2,1 61,5 68,5 21,6 4 Oils and fats 1.3 1,8 27,6 se2.ll I Starches, inuline 0.1 1,1 1,1 s92.12I Gluten t Sources..Eurostat and EuropeanCommission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (') 0, 1, 21, 22, 231, 24, 261 to 265+268, 29, 4, 592.1. (?) EUR 12. TRADE TII89 EUR 15(2) (Mio ECU) Sweden Finland Switzerland Austria 1993 1994 1993 1994 1993 1994 1993 1994 1 8 9 l0 ll t2 t3 l4 20772,3 24 201,3 6 853,2 g t77,7 39 370,8 42 982,9 29 472,7 32 t33,1 | 666,7 | 793.1 498,7 607,7 2 731,3 2 945,9 1 804,9 2 011,6 6,5 5,8 1,9 1,5 26,4 7)5 6,5 7,J 61,4 81,0 8,1 14,6 131,0 143,6 26,1 3l,8 11 n I LrL 74,1 17,3 77,8 206,3 221,3 94,2 109,4 82,2 96,3 4,9 6,7 141,2 15r,2 71,9 77,5 98,5 112,8 27,6 35,2 163,4 166,0 156,9 180,4 387,1 369,8 r22,3 152,9 491,6 524,8 337,5 362,8 59,3 76,1 20,9 I7,4 83,0 87,8 57,4 66,5 107,1 125,4 42,6 50,6 124,0 r37,3 141,2 157,9 I16,9 116,7 30,0 46,2 132,8 143,1 135,4 130,9 130,2 131,7 33,6 39,9 151,8 187,1 153,0 172,6 225,0 234,9 64,8 75,3 443,1 476,5 87,3 93,8 12,9 15,0 4,8 9,9 106,6 96,7 16,0 19,6 17,g 12,2 40,4 38,4 3r,2 34,6 26,3 37,7 4,1 15,0 1,0 )\ 3,9 5,7 9,9 9,6 0,6 0,7 0,3 0,2 0,6 0,7 r,7 2,8 52,0 74,1 13,2 20,5 106,5 118,0 189,5 229,3 3,9 6,4 4,6 5,8 58,2 64,4 29,g 35,6 182,0 190,7 50,2 54,4 293,2 311,8 217,8 232,1 39,9 47,8 8,0 11.9 32,8 36,4 46,3 54,3 7.0 6.6 2.3 3,1 6,2 1,0 1,3 T/I90 TRADE 3.6.19 EU imports of agricultural and food products(r) from mme Central and East European countries Czech Republic Slovakia SITC codes Products r993 1994 I 993 t994 2 4 5 6 0-9 All products 4 831,3 6 367,0 | 159,7 | 874,4 Agricultural products (total) (r) 32r.3 435,6 64,7 9r,r 00 Live animals 35,0 39,7 r7,l 15,7 01 Meat 17,5 15,7 6,0 5,6 )5 02 Milk and eggs 9,3 13,4 l,'7 03 Fish 10,6 14,l 3,9 0,4 04 Cereals 6,1 r0,7 4,6 1,3 05 Fruit and vegetables 52,9 6r,7 5,8 9,8 06 Sugar and honey 4,2 7,5 1,5 2,1 ?) 0,1 07 Coffee, cocoa, tea, spices 2,7 rr- 0,1 08 Animal feed 26,7 25,9 2,8 5,3 09 Food products 3,1 3,7 0,1 0,1 t1 Beverages 25,8 31,4 0,4 0,3 t2 Tobacco 0,2 0,1 0,0 0,0 2l Hides ll,2 15,1 3,8 4,1 22 Oilseeds 8,1 7,3 0,4 2,5 23r Natural rubber 0,0 0,3 0,0 0,0 24 Timber and cork 79,4 151,5 22,0 36,1 261-265+ 268 Natural textile fibres 9,8 15,5 0,7 2,1 29 Agricultural raw materials 12,2 10,7 0,8 0,9 4 Oils and fats 6,5 7,8 r,2 2,0 se2.11I Starches. inuline 0,0 0,3 0,0 0,0 se2.r2J Gluten Sources:Eurostat and EuropeanCommission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (r) 0, 1, 21,22,231, 24,261-265 +268,29, 4, 592.1. (2) EUR 12. TRADE T/19I EUR 15(2) (Mio ECU) Bulgaria Romania Poland Hungary 1993 1994 1993 1994 1993 1994 r993 1994 7 8 9 r0 l1 t2 l3 t4 950,1 | 343,9 1 686,5 2 509,9 7 566,9 9 109,1 3 941,5 4 922,4 190,0 222.5 95,0 130,0 1 016,0 | 106,7 779,9 877,5 8,3 14,0 8,4 22,3 152,3 156,0 70,9 81,8 25,9 40,2 17,2 18,7 109,0 lll,2 281,3 296,4 I1,1 77,7 r,4 2,5 10,6 lg,3 1,6 1,8 4,5 4,3 0,1 0,2 r22,2 145,8 2,9 5,6 0,2 0,2 2,5 3,1 2,0 2,4 29,0 54,5 27,0 35,6 22,4 26,6 303,9 315,5 125,3 148,1 1,7 r,6 0,9 1,1 l g,3 lg,7 11,9 10,4 1,4 1,5 0,6 0,5 3,1 3,1 15,9 16,3 10,0 6,9 0,5 0,9 19,0 29,6 13,5 12,g 0,6 0,8 0,6 0,6 1,7 2,9 7,9 4,0 44,7 42,8 10,3 9,1 5,9 6,2 26,0 26,4 16,9 l7,8 0,9 0,4 1,8 1,9 3,0 )) 1,9 2,0 3,8 7,7 lg,g 13,7 8,9 12,4 13,9 7,6 4,4 3,3 3,2 2,6 61,3 69,g 0,0 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,3 0,4 0,0 0,0 10,6 16,8 8,1 14,9 179,5 212,7 51,5 56,0 '1,7 2,4 4,8 1,5 3,8 3,4 5) 10,4 7,5 11,0 8,3 8,9 47,5 49,7 53,8 59,5 1,5 2,6 ?) 5,3 13,1 8,9 ll,2 8,9 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0,0 TII92 TRADE 3.6.20 EU exports of agricultural and food products(r) to some Central and East Europeancountries Czech Republic Slovakia SITC codes Products I 993 1994 1993 t994 6 1 -1 4 5 793,8 0-9 All products 6 076,6 7 934,8 t 22t,1 | Agricultural products (total) ( r) 457,2 614,5 118,7 142,7 2,1 00 Live animals 6,8 12,9 1,3 0l Meat 9,4 30,5 2,0 6,2 4,3 02 Milk and eggs 2r,0 23,5 4,6 4,5 03 Fish 12,6 15,5 2,8 10,7 04 Cereals 34,3 30,3 L6,4 05 Fruit and vegetables 103,2 r52,7 29,0 33,0 6,5 06 Sugar and honey 11,3 lg,l 5,5 7r,6 07 Coffee, cocoa, tea, spices 29,7 39,3 6,1 08 Animal feed 49,4 56,8 10,0 19,0 10,2 09 Food products 39,0 62,2 8,8 ll Beverages 33,1 31,4 3,9 6,r 5) t2 Tobacco 23,0 30,7 10,3 2I Hides 2,7 5,2 4,0 8,9 1,3 22 Oilseeds 5,6 6,9 0,6 23r Natural rubber 1,1 1,2 0,9 0,9 1,2 24 Timber and cork 7,6 6,9 1,3 261-265+ 268 Natural textile fibres 21,0 30,4 2,1 2,8 6,2 29 Agricultural raw materials 24,0 29,7 6,6 2,0 4 Oils and fats 22,6 29,2 2,5 se2.11I Starches, inuline 0.0 0.0 0,0 0,0 s92.r2I Gluten t Sources.'Eurostat and EuropeanCommission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (r) 0, l, 21,22,231,24,261-265+268, 29,4, 592.1. (2)EUR 12. TRADE TII93 EUR ls (2) (Mio ECU) Bulgaria Romania Poland Hungary 1993 1994 1993 t994 t993 1994 1993 1994 7 8 9 10 ll t2 r3 14 | 345,9 | 672,2 2 319,7 2 649,4 9 968,2 t0 824,4 4 962,9 6 149,7 229,4 251.2 329,7 lg4.g 1 130,0 I 169,0 355,2 462,1 2,1 2,6 2,0 1,4 7,6 21,0 3,6 4,4 16,9 14,7 3,9 5,7 69,0 150,5 35,6 69,5 10,7 10,0 I0,2 12,g 50,4 41,0 21,6 22,9 4,9 5,4 1,6 3,3 51,7 47,9 3,0 5,8 20,1 9,2 164,5 17,5 179,8 49,4 ??s 39,5 3r,7 48,7 20,2 15,8 199,r lgg,0 46,9 57,8 9,2 4,9 6,3 I l,l 38,6 36,7 17,8 16,7 24,3 39,3 lg,2 25,7 84,1 98,6 31,9 38,5 2,6 2,6 12,3 15,7 105,9 132,0 31,7 39,5 17,3 21,3 23,1 37,8 98,6 96,6 38,9 56,1 45,2 37,2 15,7 9,8 32,8 26,3 21,7 20,5 29,7 20,8 ))\ 9,9 23,7 29,7 13,2 9,7 0,4 0,7 4,3 2,6 15,9 2g,g 6,9 11,8 0,3 0,7 0,2 0,2 8,5 8,1 3,5 3,3 0,0 0,1 2,9 3,2 1,7 1,4 0,J 0,7 0,5 0,3 2,6 0,5 8,6 8,8 3,5 3,7 8,2 24,2 7,J 13,7 21,9 35,0 5,9 I1,0 )? 2,6 4,0 3,9 65,0 76,4 38,6 41,3 3,1 5,9 6,6 4,2 64,1 83,9 7,1 9,4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 3.4 0.9 0,3 0,1 TII94 TRADE ,^- ö.1 \j oo"\!:0o"t"v1 o{ oo< av1 o"\q.o".l\-nc1 o-c1 J\ci J -. rn \O \n c! - O' Öl ca KJ c.i c.i d S cli cd Oi'- a i - U? v -oO rri \o ö co ö ot c{ @ ca cq tr- F- r:' r !n F ca O\n 'c- -.s O\$ Itaic.löl\O-ölO'lll l\o | | -c{ -öll -l sä I I ,J C) \o" o" -i'q q q - n" c.l \o" oo- Q - n" \o^ \ \,q O" 0{ \ 1 \ tr ca aoO ca \n 6rse5:ssFfrsr?3i89+$='I-\ 'lllt-ötC\|-\n-N- tO$ lr- | | €.) #c! +Nl +l I tl L F €" .o" €" c1 .1 v? c1 \o" c{ 1 O. q .f O" e1 q \o- s" O- O- q ? ca$ c'' c-.1 o\o ; R 3 S g € S e R = ä $ $ fl I x $ I K c\c{ca!o-c.lc.l o\.f, t- 'llll-llI I | TT I cO C.) -l ll I -i or u? v?q oo" n" q \o^ c.l q c\ €- q -i v? o- a o^ a 1 $. i c.i ri c.i i \o c.i t-- S \o t-- \o :f, d qr o\ <> $ ö \Q\n -'t v $o\ \o \o tri J ö co \n J io co ca \o N öl ca oo Nc{ *otrri Jco-JNcaN lnlr) o] -i c'I .{ q \o- o- c.i q v? c1 \ \ \ n" oq vl :1 1 o^ o^ o.N L ct) @öl ü$68ns$F€8ä3S^ossFg=- F- Ooo cilN=N+iN *+ ö.1ö.1 x \ns an rrl oo -i \o- oo^ o" \o^ \o^ o{ c.l \o" q q \o" \o- \ q q q > 1 \ i,Ä O \O oo o\ c.i -i c.i i * rö Q t-- ca öl O I= c_.1 c! - t oos 6 ':N-ld-C1**Nol ö c-l = O, co i- co n ö' tb i< ol - öl \Q t Öl tr- \O c.) s c.l tr- F-O q q q q c{ v1 q 1 o" \ c{ o" n" q \ o. @^ o. ol ? - t-i c.i o|., - od ö cO \n O t-- N * cQ E \O ca q\ S oO oO v c.) AO J ö, c.r < ol tn ca c.' o c.i o *\O * --: S = E F : S R cq tr- :-^u F -i tn t-- tn Öl \O 0l t-* cq oo o" cj O- oo^ 1 n" €- \O^ O^ cl \ Öl \n \O \n rr) tr) ca F\ * ,n =t -l Öi t/i fi i r ca O O\ c-.1 Ci lai \a t cÖ O Ö.I c{ ö N - cd + ö N a.) \o oo \Ö \c) - c'l ÖI o\ v F- ca JJcq+o'ci-st-)tr-F\*cQ-( ca F* *F oo \o^ oq q o. q c{9 c.i cl \o^ c1 1 \o- c'} oq v} \ q \ n" 9 \ ö] @* c.) t-- tr- äE3s€hs:Hi9ä€$^s=:K- \o€ t-r #- 6t q.J .-9 L L q) = O F F I b! CH <- o c.l (n .t) ,2 H q) ts O€ +) q) c! - a ä ^E g aac3 c.i a (4 I 6r '* !) So\ -a =G-o ö\n I g+ q) E f.s 'f qr E E .-:. tr '' ',E g s g 8g r-.l ö.1 I € F ?E Q- 3 ffi ff:äaE -F:E iod O:Y - '6 c'l q) E .3 ;;äü€e^ .EEög:: I I F' i) F F äc.l (.) e=ä-ug.;.ü'HuEE€EEtt.qE.n F H,sz e ö.= o\o .--*. .t< 5 g = Eö Eäb 5 EÄ E E ö EE* 5,5g ü f ) C.l F (J- q) äx -a I rlrX cg tr :) €co 0) oo o.l ,) \o ö ö] c-l o ..1 - U L + .: - c.i F ö.1 - v) V) \O Fi -''l öl C\.1 F F !D öl t. 9 Ärrt Fi F C\ O'l q * -r .-.r c{ co :f, \o o\ o\ o\ ,^^ I O ötr cO t \n \O F. oO O\ C{ ^ v) _ F öl C-l |.n \n v öl $ ca v v v v v v v C.l öl öl CONSUMPTION AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY TII95 3'7'l Share of consumer expenditure on food, beverages and tobacco in the tinal consumption of households Foodstuffs, Foodstuffs, Eo of total expenditure on final consumption beverages and beverages and by households (r) in 1993 tobacco tobacco 7o TAY 7o TAY (2) Foodstuffs, Non- beverages Alcoholic 1993 1993 Foodstuffs alcoholic Tobacco beverages and tobacco beverages tgn I 990 2 -) I 5 6 7 8 EUR 15 (5) 19,7 14,4 0,1 3,1 1,8 Belgique/Belgiö 17,3 14,0 0,5 r,3 1,5 - r,7 0,7 Danmark 20,7 14,6 0,7 2,6 2,9 - 0,2 2,r Deutschland 15,0 10,9 : 2,6 1,5 - 0,5 - 0,2 Elläda 36,4 29,3 r,2 2,9 3,9 14,6 1,6 Espafla 20,0 17,9(4) 0,5(o) 1,3(4) 1,4 (o) )) 1,0 France 19,3 14,5 0,6 2,0 1,3 2,1 0,9 Ireland 34,8 18,2 1,3 rl,3 4,0 1,2 1,6 Italia 20,r 17,0 0,4 1,0 1,6 3,1 0,2 Luxembourg (3) lg,2 10,9(4) 0,6(o) 1,3(o) 5,7(4) 2,4(6) 1,1 (7) Nederland 14,6 11,1 0,5 1,5 1,5 1,0 0,8 Österreich rg,l 14,8 0,7 1,9 1,7 1,9 1,0 Portugal (5) 32,1 25,4 0,3 4,3 2,1 Suomi/Finland 23,2 l6,l ,,,, - 0,5 4,4 L12 2,1 - 1,2 Sverige 19,g 14,4 0,6 2,9 2,0 3,6 0,8 United Kingdom 20,7 10.9 0.9 6.2 2.1 2,9 - 0,4 EUR 121s1 19,6 14,2 0,1 3.1 1.8 Source: Eurostat- SEC. (') Within the economicterritory, and basedon currentprices. (2) On the basisof developmentat constantl9g5 prices. (3) 1992. (1) 1991. (s) 1990 (6) 1992/1991. (\ 1992/1990. T1196 CONSUMPTION AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY t sq) oo -Y ca O\ C-l - t-. O\f-- ca @ C.l @ \n cc v \o c.l &€ € v v c.) O\ O\ t*- $ co s ca t ca ca !-'i c.l @ c\ \n d oo ca \n6 \n ca \n p ti Fr R :Sr-\n + F p öI SR € 6- 5-a6- 5-61 - -@oo <-,v:zvvv v vvv t-r \O # cr^) c{ \o r-- t$ O OO Öl $- oo* Cr1-tiF\O - v $ca$ l'- cr) c.) \O \o F- $ öI \n - t-* c.l O\ \n ca t*- o\ öl \n tr- - &6CO ;.&t&*& \-/ :-, v {/\-/\'/vvv l-- O\ \f,coo\ \n tr- o\ l- s Fg $ c{$Fi\n öo öl oo* o o.l R (Jfl a= t--ötq.O\n st $ <- cr^) ca N cas Fl c') co \n F- c.) tr- :)(t) I- - ca rFl Fi O C.l C.l t-- c.l \n \n L -a ct Fi t** $ o\o co t O\OO ca ca c\ c\.1 L r!J Fi C.l -Fa O\S: -I - co J 9 .Fl \o L co ä0 d F .-I c) €cg L :ä q) I I €H E (- a .-I F I I a F F örE€ I 9(J,{'= -Fa \ CN t p FI N E c -$c b I ä b ^g ;ö Eco v EHe fi ?r U'tr q-ä c .E I 6 n L cg/ (.) e29 6 i :A i; 3- F-') e:: E+ är€=E EHig;ä EE; FF ^Ets_^-FE ?_o?€.(.8 H :Ä_;EEäÄÄ ÄE$ q *U€giEE s ? SgrEuF ;€€blll \ E;äF&oF F U F"e€tll s ür,5Eö I co s€ | | | | f Ä s€ { | CoNSUMPTIoN AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY TII97 o$t \n F- cq \O co O\oFi @.i|f-CqFr ooF t-- $ co F.r O\O\\nO ö| 1-r F OO F.i .t C\ *clocjFr a\O$O\C-lFi-ttn \o Fr O\ C.l CO Fr CO C.l \n co \o oo co oo ca O O\ oO Fr \O öi f-. O\ C.] Fi C.l cA C.i| C..l \ooooc.l \n F- cA \n cA \OOca C-l FtOFr\nC{ ca # Fr öi \-i \o c{ O tt- t*- t-* faoOcj*ca@!n O\ Fr o\ ö1 \n r-r N Fr o\oocao F'< C-l r-i F.l ER Sl s ! t'- \ö t-- O örg o\ OO Fi Fr 8F 8= O q) H öo () () .ä ! .9 t rj B (.)C) qr -l lr \JP-tr E O\E€Eh,{3.9 o\ \bo,.1: B ? EE ä ; 4 E .äg € g ! F E E EE EE äh J;- EE €EoF Eä€sg s*iaA= r" eiiEEöäsSEFm ti$: S I | | | ,$ SE | | | | | | SE | | T/198 CONSUMPTION AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY +$t$$T s .v.v.v\v \or\oc{cotsrnc- N$;c.töOcaO\ - d - - - - oo c-l$OOO O\ t-- OO\ca oo \o ta -- $$ v FrO @ >9 otL *.f,=i$ss \-/vvvvv $ol\OooF-\Ooooco - + c.i 00ctl+\ö F t-t * = S:PPO 5 T \nF-OO\O oo N ++c\l J R ca-f,o \n N ca o\ F- o\ F.i c- F- C..l o\ oo t-- \O \O O\ \O I-- C\ öl c.)Ö öl c\ - *Fi- $$$s11- v!/vvv o\$OOcot--O\c.) + tr- O f- ca C\t O, C\ c.l C.l N C.l Ö] o\ \nNooooc\l\oocoooo\cn @ ooö-coIr'- oo = ca ö.lC Öl --Fri(tlFl -'i t*- O\ c.i O\Oöl$Fr t-- o\ O\ O-- t-- O\ f- ooO * oo c\.1 \o$$\oooooo- o\ o c.) Jc{;oo-O\\O$ F.l \n *FiFi- oo .f,-$cAOOt-t c.l (n c\ o\ $ € s== c! 9'-- - \-r c- c.l s l-@\öoOOc!oooOaO \o ca L r!J \n F - A.- t-'i C.| Fl - $ t cü vv tr \n - \al r-.i - öi cqo -€ r-l F -t .-9 L o0 -GI .-E c! +) L q) I ;I \t .- o\ o\ t. I I iiSg I OAOO q) A .- J I gEgEE ,?- F! äa -- o H,i t. ) ! a! S U) q .X -q ^s a.ts 4 .Y A d -q) a EHB ^€E E \Ef t ?Eq rüXEqtEE $ x"Ä;E i €äE; cl pEYjäÄE€ Äeüs \ $ t t €85 r S ca ,\EvFl | | | | | i Ä i '.i l S S | | | CONSUMPTION AND SELF_SUFFICIENCY TII99 C\@\O$ c.l op rr- ,-ic\$oo aaooooY? \ !e Fi r-i C{ t-t Ft Fl r-i -t O\ oO \O f- \O O\ --O o|\ C..l t-- \O O\ I DS s8= g 6 tr- O \O ,-r gE F.i-*- O O\ C! -8 SSP tr- Fi öl $ oo Ca OC-\O$rn \-r ca c{ F oo oo [email protected], O\ CO C-l CO C! C{\+C{-H ö.1 cooocot--\n cJo öl c.) $ t-- t- tt- \n f- \f,E 6E 3 SS €88 oO \O cO C.l = = c.) f-- .O O\ c.r c.i O\Of-\OO\ o\ c\l ci Oc{O\f-O -i-O\\nS t-- \o o $tiHFi -i Ft cacarnoooc) @ \O t-'r S \O \o o\ oO=f,OoO!nO O\O\OOO \O #** O\ OOFioO tt- t-- \nN\ooo oo ca O\ \O cO \OO\OO 3 Fr (n OO t-- f- t-- O\ O\ Fr O \O \ö $rncjo\ooo F- oo3C,'l $ r=\o(n c.) -C{^)FTF oo C-l t*- O \O $ C.l *oooo \OO\O $OO ,-it--o$ooc\l o!no\ \ÖCASF \tO\Of-O\\n OO\oo \of-.$oc{\n O\ t-- O cO O\ t-r ca\nF oOO*oOO\ C{-F.iF - * * - * .qEE ö'eH= bE ; E } ;a; b a b tr = 8.* .{E E g d: ,:Y tr* -v,EE U., F ,E E L* Ei .vx ==, e Es q;i\o -# ä8fiI q: F 9E HE €Eg i Eg i'F äEEus$ -;äbEgäF t;äg rrl EEää"\ ,-; >. ...l ;33öäS a iFEÄstrEät;s5 ! Ä.85ö | | | | | I ,trs | | | | | | | E€ | | ,3acec TI2OO CEREALS l-) c.l c.l €- ol .o^ -J: q c.l \ ? c.l ci F ssg=-$ä8 s älä I JT - !n q9 \o O. €-oo-clC-c']O c! s ra) (n c-l € ra) c.l Ö] \o \n \n r- € oo !e c\ co O aa 0.1 tnrcOrnSS$ s r- cri c.i c'i ce ö ö N 6 S 9e $ r.)OO- oo ^ !n + r- + oo ö \ö tn co o\ c...l $ ca c') cn \n o\ $ -s t-* F- -Ccr\Oeao\Cn-C.) $ c- c- - (-'l r- .* t( 're )e \n o'l \O t/^, rn rn q \n o\ \O oo cl f- c.) @ co o\ O O F- r- \o o\ L ä 6 V \o ca co o\ r.- +XF95..,^ s c.l ss,ssF$fl808539Fs *S tr- c- r$\n$OO=f,=#*Ci t r- * c] F- H r- x ,( t+ te O\\nct\r|^)O\F-O\O cl^) c..r c.) c.r o\ oo ca ca O \o t-- il q ä, b :q o\ ra, C\ \O t t** O\ (\t S e-, c.l oo c.) cn äfr$g56FGo5sXF38 F- + o] oo co t/-, -#-$ oo -cQ(a)cao$--*$ c- *aö- tr- ')f * ,( \o ci c.) O\ O\ cq ca O I-- c.l cl^) -oq,ssig3?+hsääs a l,r3:58''.''- -f, Ir- - o- oo^ .r) co. .o. o- (-..l $ c.) c.l oo * tn O O O ctl O\ $ S O- q ca q t" \ 'ri ca oo J cl .o-ro-oo-\$-=? oo c.* q ol q" q c{ a oq a oo^ o^ \ s \ 1 ? € cd\OrnSoA-OC .d Ä R€E3XEFS8gil=NilR rn ra) C\.l - + a{ Un c-) c..l J( tr) cj" .{ q q-f,^qtl-lq'./ll? q. o^ q c{ c* o- o- - t- \ ol" a ca) F--j-C)oo(nc.lO + i c) ra) I-- o \o oo \o oo t-- c..l F- \o oo sa - - tfi c] q) r- F \O N ci^) \ö f- S \n € <- - c.) t/i tr- <- o..l $ c.l c-) bo x J( tt t( - *(nca\O.ornOO * * * - oO tn oQ C-l Ctl C.l ^i O\ $ f- O\ rJ a.l -i .ri qä .d c"t oi -i \o cdc-,Osoo-OO \ci ä r: oi r-: d t 99 -rf C..1 C..l -+ (\.l vf * tn c'l @ \c) \c) \fa (\l * \c) t-- $ \al OO rn C'l tn \L, \n t/l .q \/.l \o^ c] vioota)rtOtnO q c"I -J: \ vl q ctl o- \ \ t^ a € \O \O oo o\ ;;vd-ld.ric.iO c-.1 ri ö i i c.i oo o\ c.l O O c] !-l t/i * F\ co cg a- * ra, \4, ca C'l Vi c.) q) \O F t-- ci^) C.l \O t-- S r,a) f- tn co va F- F I B Fa F oo c- ..) q oo. c! .a O^ o* O^ f: I cJ \o- \o^ =f^ c.t oo- o^ q q c{ q o_^ 1 \ ? l} - ctl O C'] !l * lcn i \Ö i \n -9 a -+ --i \Q ca $ #.ÜOO\r)c.)O\<'- \al I ca r- c..l |.- <. \o o\ o\ o -f, $ - !- $ \n -Q\Sc-)$ cg v tn \o e.l $ tr) oo sxs-x; cj RF$SgSr-$ # C.] F c.l c.i I c.l c...1 * < ar F I *t(t( Fa F F- I cQ * \n O\ Öl \O tr- O\ oO oO a Ol ä 6 PS oo \o o'as-oo\ea- s - - cfi c.) c'l c'l - \o a.) tr- c ö..t oo c..t o r- oo $ or o\ !., |,- rn \o c] $ oo c.) r-..t \() c.) cO .f, ca @ - C'l (\ C{ t.- ca oo I H s cr] - c..l c+r c.I c.] H $ (\ F I *' ,( )& \n - oo oo t-- & \o\oornoo\o* @ .- O\ \O c..) c.t ci^) 6 n 5 n (-] (n|,- Fr-coc{cac.) $ *j C\ \o\os(n c.l 9 Rfrffi36€o\8 sxx-FE la) c.l !t ca c.) - c.) - $ C..t r q1- Ctl lt :i .* I ,+ t( g * Ota)\O(nOO$* l.\ # S c-, r O\ OO OO oO c.) L ä ä - c{ - ; \o $ t-- tr- 1-:1 S oO f- C.l - \n -f, sf \.o cr) I SRN=Kä ca C-- N c{ RilSRE€-8 F ca ;: *+$# c.l co c! c.) E -q) .Fl \n S 9s 6 ed' ütrü cg ! q) lYFa-) PEöP hA a rrl 1111'1 !v € s;: wrvvH F- tll L ^v a-! 4 6=sF10 c m!2E.= s E ü €_ü - ärE äEE=ü : t Ä HE u E E H ä'E trg s Äs'H E u H 9c E s'F S sE ßsäij'O ä'E + U äÄsäFÄEE38,58 i-äs ö cotr üi ü oI 3 CEREALS T/2OI c.l -- q 1 q \ o^ dl ct oo^ oq cl oo \o- q -i -i el q oo- v],,? c\l oo ?^ ") 1 1 1 \ \ \ \ c- oO + O $ Ci (n \O O + O\ tr- C.l O O * F =N3TRY=N361€XS c'r- I T I t-- I | | | I s älä lltttl ttttl c.l qQ .-: .ö \O -t .f, N Q ö{ r-: ö c-r ä co c.I \Q \O eo c{ \O t-- O t-- O € -if \O oo * \O *$gos=- -r \n ^=-N=+ ca o\ Y \T a ct) ca = \o \o ö.1 oo o\ tn \o $ oo tn rr) co $ O\ $ $ \O O\ $ C.l - oO \O d @ ca s ca caoC-C-*H**rn oo $ c.) l( t+ t6 ä är co oo co la) O =sE$Ess^+äeääe-N c- oo s c.)o cQ+ (\ K55!R3pg€il8eRR= ca c..l SSOStnO\O\\O C{= \OiOO oo c.) *if t-- o\oo + - *-\o c-l L -tr "o= $ O J+*te '?t f e€ -+ öl -Es$sss^skshks s Q \O \O rrl \O r-- c..l O -+ Ä, S a L lo -' la) oo la) ao cr) $ c-l Öi J -f, o\ c! 559S=59S-RS-3F3 ö.1 c.l ca C\Ci \OO** * +*f- . .)+ t( .t( ä( +t t+ ca !a-q!o-i** v] \o^ q c\l d] c.l \ 1 $- o^,," a q o- q. \o- q q c.l ca oo- \ \o^ c.} a q el ca 1 \o" s * c- rn cq ra) - c! ln j x ls o s C..1 \o t-- ra) rr) \O an l.) 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O \O "*ö] c- O oa J \O- t-- n r* d $ $ !O cA l.) f- O O \O oO .a \O OO O\ C{ + ra) $ $ \r.) c{ + c.) ö{ co $ + i\ ö t/) aa \o rn tr) c..t öt \o r.) co $ rn * c.) -+ rn .+ o- €-,rI 1a \.q o- o- - 1q. \o^ \ v} c") o^ c.} \o- v] \o- o- \o^ q. o* o_ ce) a.) \ 1 1 1 t/^) co e{ C{ \O \n * c.) <+ \n -+ F x le f- c.) O\ S t-- O c.) o l6 3!oTlYT-T*TF?= - Trrr-ttt I I s t- rtl -q)>-> f( co q q\ G c! oo !o tr- o \o S o ä ä \o oo O oo O\ O ca -f, co 16 va1 6l\ \O A s ooso-\o-+ S $ $ $ - i-F- co "- s c\I lJ. Q F- (.1cöo f- or _ $ rö r o s o rn tr-- f-C)*ra)<.*c.) C.l lr)$- (-- E c\| ci+ F- 6! t( )F *. q) f ?f ä c.t !- - o\ c.) € oo o tr- 5 - ä ä - h an -E*5$ s L c) r.*r-Ns oo c- €KsGsRFK=SbUnSe (n k $ C.l f\ö,1 +S\O+S C..l tcO+ CH ö.1 ce) * t- t( te t( .!l t if t' c.I 99 yl r- s .n oo o \o ä - a ä o" (r.r € a.l oOCj-O.trt o c9 - c.r e s o $ + ä r- ä & r- rOF-d oo t- = Q l-- - O oO l.) - .-r t.- @ r.- e.) 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F I A (n öl -€ :S q* q) ü, d. .!l Uo< & '--) p .i'-r H h rrl \g-) !:l r! 6 .El q) *(r :" L u:e):lc €-E ; !,S E € go Xo.cPoAbo F TE -E S v A a! - S * ü l":+ .= ll P =q i o+< E x H e-ii )4 ü +EÄc,Fs.re E*ESo=<$p - i äÄ*ns =€f gBE sä F EE-€gH-Eee€EEEse + S ssä,FÄEäEäE;ä5 s gAgätr,E3E328&;ä5 TI2O4 CEREALS 4.1.2.1 World production of cereals and production in principal exporting countries o/a Mio t 7o TAY t993 1994 t992 r993 1994 t992 l 993 1994 19q2 1g% a A 7 8 9 1 2 J 5 6 Wheat(t) - World [00,0 100,0 100,0 564,8 564,1 565,1 0,1 0,2 of which: - - EUR 12 15,0 14,4 14,6 85,3 81,4 82,4 4,6 1,2 - - Austria 0,2 0,2 0,2 1,3 1,0 1,3 23,1 30,0 - - Finland 0,0 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,3 100,0 25,0 - - Sweden 0,3 0,3 0,2 1,4 1,7 1,3 21,4 23,5 - - EUR 15 15,6 14,9 15,1 97,9 84,2 85,3 4,2 1,3 - - USA 11,8 ll,7 17,7 66,9 65,2 66,1 2,5 1,4 - - Canada 5,3 5,0 5,0 29,9 27,2 28,3 9,0 4,0 - - Argentina | ,7 1,8 1,8 9,9 9,6 9,9 3,0 3,1 - - Australia 2,9 2,7 2,7 14,7 16,9 15,1 15,0 10,7 - - Others 62.7 63.9 63.7 355.5 361,0 360,4 1,5 0,2 Other cereals(2) -7,9 World 100,0 100,0 100,0 868,7 800,4 805,2 0,6 of which: - - EUR 12 9,6 10,6 10,2 83,6 84,9 82,0 1,6 3,4 - - Austria 0,3 0,4 0,3 3,0 3,2 2,6 6,7 18,8 - - Finland 0,3 0,4 0,2 2,4 3,0 1,9 25,0 36,7 * - Sweden 0,3 0,4 0,2 2,4 3,5 1,7 45,8 51,4 - - EUR 15 10,5 11,8 10,9 91,4 94,5 88,0 3,4 6,9 - - USA 31,9 25,6 26,8 278,3 206,0 216,1 26,0 4,9 - - Canada 2,3 3,7 3,0 19,8 24,6 24,3 24,2 1,2 - - Argentina 1,7 1,9 1,9 14,8 15,6 15,2 5,4 2,6 - - - Australia 1,0 0,9 0,9 9,1 7,6 7,1 16,5 6,6 - - Others 52.6 56.7 56,4 455.3 452,1 454,5 0,'l 0,5 Source: FAO - Production Directory + Monthly Bulletin: Economics and Statistics. Euostat for Commmity figues. (r) Comon and durum wheat. (2) Excl. rice. CEREALS TI2O5 4.1.3.1 The EU's share in world cereals trade Imports (t) Wheat and flour World 115,4 100,0 121,5 100,0 124,7 100,0 5,3 2,6 (wheat equivalent) EUR 12 2,0 1,6 2,0 1,7 2,1 1,7 0,0 5,0 EUR I5 XX Other cereals (2) World 105,4 100,0 114,3 100,0 118,6 100,0 8,4 3,8 EUR 12 4,0 3,6 3,0 2,3 3,1 2,6 - 25,0 3,3 EUR 15 :::::: XX All cereals(2) World 220,8 100,0 235,7 100,0 243,3 100,0 6,7 3,2 EUR 12 6,0 2,6 5,0 2,0 5,2 2,1 - 16,7 4,0 EUR 15 :::::: XX 2. Exports (t) Wheat and flour World 119,9 100,0 122,9 100,0 126,1 100,0 2,5 2,6 (wheat equivalent) EUR 12 23,5 19,6 23,2 1g,g 20,6 16,3 - 1,3 - 11,2 EUR 15 XX Other cereals(2) World 98,5 100,0 I l4,g 100,0 115,9 100,0 16,5 1,0 EUR I2 ll,3 11,5 13,8 12,0 r2,0 10,4 22,1 - 13,0 EUR 15 XX All cereals(2) World 218,4 100,0 237,7 100,0 242,0 100,0 8,8 1,8 EUR 12 34,8 15,9 37,0 15,6 32,5 13,4 6,3 - r2,2 EUR 15 :::::: XX Sources: FAO but Eurostat for Community figures. (r) Excl. intra-EU trade. (2) Excl. rice + malt in barley equivalent. T1206 CEREALS 4.1.4.1 Supply balances - durum wheat (1 July-3O June) - common wheat EUR 15(2) 1 000r 7o TAY 1992t93 1993t94 1991/92 r992193 t993/94 rgwE2 19gA% 6 I z J + 5 Durum wheat - -)) Usable production 11319 8 996 7 002 20,5 ) Change in stocks 2 510 - 939 | 172 X x - Imports 304 l4l 317 53,6 124,9 - - Exports 4 006 3 35s | 753 16,2 47,8 - - Intra-EU trade (') 3 183 2 082 | 304 34,6 37,3 Internal use 5 101 6 72r 7 338 31,6 9,2 of which: - animal feed 200 489 607 144,4 24,2 - - seed 713 617 648 13,5 5,0 a - - industrial use 0 J 2 x 20,0 - losses (market) 26 552 | 142 2 023,1 106,9 - - human consumption (grain) 4 168 5 060 4 939 21,4 2,4 - Human consumption (after processing) 2 941 3 571 3 485 21,4 2,4 - Human consumption (kglhead) 8,4 10,2 10,0 21,4 2,4 - - Self-suffictency (7o) 221,6 133,9 95.4 39,6 28,7 Common wheat - - Usable production 79 220 76040 73 696 4,0 3,1 Changein stocks 3 806 922 - 6 045 X X - - Imports | 343 865 852 35,6 1,5 -5? Exports 19 526 t9 874 l8 813 1,8 - Intra-EU trade (r) 13997 10838 13395 22,6 23,6 - Internal use 57 231 56 109 61780 2,0 10,1 of which: - - animal feed 22 925 20 032 25 46r 12,6 27,1 - - seed 2 287 2 2t3 2 3r5 0,6 r,9 - - industrial use 2 801 2 608 2 697 6,9 3,4 - - losses (market) 1014 2 336 2 27r 130,4 2,8 - human consumption (grain) 28 204 28 86r 29037 2,3 0,6 Human consumption (after processing) 21 052 21542 21674 )7 0,6 Human consumption (kg/head) 6l,r 62,5 62,9 )7 0,6 - - Self-sufficiency (Vo) 138.4 135.5 119,3 2,L 12,0 Source: Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (') Calculated on intra-import basis. (2) EUR 12. CEREALS TI2O] 4.1.4.2 Supply balances - barley ( I July-3O June) - rye EUR 15(2) 1ü)0t 7o TNY 1992t93 1993/94 r99l/92 1992/93 1993/94 1g9t/n lgga% I 2 3 4 5 6 Barley Usable production 51224 42 920 42 436 - 16,2 - 1,1 Change in stocks 3 309 - 886 -1647 X X Imports 119 85 91 - 29,6 7,1 Exports 9 509 8 927 I 466 - 6,1 - 16,4 Intra-EU trade (r) 5 943 5 443 4 865 * 8,4 - 10,6 Internal use 38 s25 34 965 36709 - 9,2 5,0 of which: - animal feed 29 322 27 067 27 578 -7,7 r,9 - seed I 840 1611 | 663 - 12,4 J?))- - industrial use 6 543 6171 6 353 - 5,',I 2,9 - losses (market) 734 4l 1036 - 94,4 2 432,8 - human consumption (grain) 86 74 78 - 13,7 5,4 Human consumption (after processing) 48 4l 44 - 13,7 5,4 Human consumption (kg/head) 0,1 0,1 0,1 - 13,7 5,4 Self-sufficiency (Vo) 133.0 t22.8 115,6 - J,J - 5,8 Rye Usable production 4 464 3 422 4 044 -)?7 lg,2 Change in stocks 452 I 353 196 X X Imports 24 20 23 - 16,7 15,0 Exports 715 | 768 653 147,3 - 63,1 Intra-EU trade (r) 135 126 9T -7,0 - 27,7 Internal use 3 32r 3 027 3 2r8 - 8,8 6,3 of which: - animal feed r 564 | 294 | 514 - 17,3 17,0 - seed 150 t4l 154 - 6,1 9,0 - industrial use 60 59 70 - 1,5 19,4 - losses (market) 113 34 113 - 70,r 234,3 - human consumption (grain) | 434 1 500 1 368 4,6 - 8,8 Human consumption (after processing) | 214 | 270 I 158 4,6 - 8,8 Human consumption (kg/head) 3,5 3,7 3,3 4,6 - 8,8 Self-sufticiency (Vo) 134.4 113,1 125.7 - 15,g 11,1 Source: Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (r) Calculated on intra-import basis. (2) EUR 12. T/208 CEREALS 4.1.4.3 Supply balances- rnaize (l July-30June) - oats and mixed summer cereals EUR 15 (2) l0ü)r 7c TAY t992/93 1993/94 199v92 t992t93 1993t94 199Un tgga% I L 5 4 5 6 Maize Usable production 27 281 29 822 29 441 9,3 - 1,3 Change in stocks l 356 | 737 -1456 2g,l X Imports 3 284 1838 2760 - 44,0 50,2 Exports 933 3 047 3 802 226,6 24,8 Intra-EU trade (r) r0 444 6 r58 5 446 - 41,0 - 11,6 Internal use 28276 26 876 29 855 - 5,0 I l,l of which: - animal feed 22 r95 20 322 2t 582 - 8,4 6,2 - seed 208 218 206 4,9 - 5,5 - industrial use 2 617 3 138 3 062 19,9 - 2,4 - losses (market) 284 458 2 r90 6r,4 377,8 - human consumption (grain) 2 912 2739 2 814 -7,8 2,7 Human consumption (after processing) 2 230 2 055 2 ll2 - 7,8 2,7 Human consumption (kg/head) 5,6 5) 5,3 -7,8 2,7 Self-suftictency (Vo) 96,5 111,0 98.6 15,0 - 11,1 Oats and mixed corn Usable production 4 950 3 765 4 434 - 23,9 17,8 Change in stocks -75 - r44 135 X X Imports 31 24 35 - 22,6 45,9 Exports 59 2l 38 * 64,4 81,0 Intra-EU trade (r) 307 292 196 - 4,9 - 32,8 Internal use 4 991 3 9r2 4 296 - 2l,J 9,8 of which: - animal feed 163 3 160 3 479 - 24,1 10,1 - seed 266 239 220 - 10,3 - 8,0 - industrial use 2 3 3 25,0 0,0 - losses (market) 92 29 99 - 68,8 245,6 - human consumption (grain) 474 481 495 1,6 2,8 Human consumption (after processing) 301 306 314 1,6 2,8 Human consumption (kgftread) 0,9 0,9 0,9 1,6 2,8 Self-sufficiency (7o) 99.r 96.2 r03.2 - 2,9 7,2 Source: Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General fbr Agriculture. (t) Calculated on intra-import basis. (2) EUR 12. CEREALS TI2O9 4.1.4.4 Supply balances - other cereals (1 July-30 June) - total cereals (excl. rice) EUR 15(3) I 000t VoTAY 1992/1993 1993t1994 1991/1992 r992/1993 1993/1994 lgwlgcz lgwtg% I 2 J 4 5 6 Other cereals(t) Usable production 2 479 2 808 2 907 13,3 3,5 Change in stocks 56 81 286 X 253,1 Imports 438 500 313 14,2 - 37,4 Exports 39 5 1 - 87,2 - 80,0 Intra-EU trade (2) 358 4 1 - 98,8 - 81,4 Internal use 2 822 3 222 2 933 14,2 - 9,0 of which: - animal feed 2 694 3 023 2776 12,2 - 8,2 - seed 97 110 98 13,5 - 11,0 - industrialuse 4 4 0 X - 100,0 - losses (market) 17 63 48 267,6 -23,7 - human consumption (grain) 10 23 1l 125,0 - 49,3 Human consumption (after processing) 10 23 l1 125,0 - 49,3 Human consumption (kg/head) 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 Self-sufficiency (7o) 87,8 87,2 99.r - 0,7 13,7 Total cereals (excl. rice) Usable production 180937 167772 163960 -7,3 - 2,3 Change in stocks tt 4t4 - 583 - l0 304 X X Imports 5 543 3 473 439r - 37,3 26,4 Exports 34787 36997 32526 6,4 - l2,l Intra-EU trade (2) 34367 24 693 25 297 - 2g,l 2,4 Internal use 140279 134831 146129 - 3,9 8,4 of which: - animal feed 83063 75 487 82 997 - 9,1 9,9 - seed 5 561 5 409 5 304 * 2,',7 - 1,9 - industrial use 12027 12085 12 tgl 0,5 0,8 - losses (market) 2 280 3 rr2 6 899 36,5 121,7 - human consumption (grain) 37 348 38 739 38 743 3,7 0,0 Human consumption (after processing) 27 793 28 828 28 831 3,7 0,0 Human consumption (kg/head) 79,6 82,6 82,6 3,7 0,0 Self-sufficiency (7o) r29.0 124.4 tt2.2 - 3,5 - 9,8 Source: Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (r) Including'triticale'. (2) Calculated on intra-import basis. (r) EUR 12. TI2IO STRUCTURES 4.I .5.l Producer prices of certain cereals (NC/L00ks) Common wheal Rye Barley Oats Maize 1 2 -t A 5 6 Belgique/Belgiö 99r 653,30 615,10 599,50 628,90 (BFR) 992 648,40 643,70 600,90 696,60 993 551,90 485,80 513,30 610,40 : Danmark 991 129,01 llg,gl 121,96 120,69 (DKR) 992 131,03 124,60 126,55 138,44 993 110,50 102,24 108,94 123,47 : BR Deutschland 991 32,91 30,55 29,59 28,96 37,57 (DM) 992 33,60 31,50 30,14 32,35 33,12 993 29,13 27,91 25,76 30,39 26,34 Elläda 99r 3 986,00 3 902,00 4 630,00 3 876,00 (DR) 992 4 187,00 4 099,00 4 771,O0 4 410,00 993 4 291,00 : 4 166,00 5 251,00 4 527,40 Espafra 99r 2765,00 2 276,00 2 255,00 2 130,00 2 742,00 (PrA) 992 2 675,00 2 392,00 2 188,00 2 316,00 2 564,00 993 2 677,00 2 293,00 2193,00 2 360,00 2 848,00 France 99r 106,63 91,86 93,28 92,99 116,94 (FF) 992 99,85 96,51 87,71 110,30 94,43 993 89,41 95,10 81,23 107,19 86,6: Ireland 99r lr,4l 10,91 10,50 (rRL) 992 10,92 10,24 10,99 993 10,96 : 9,47 11,51 : Italia 99r 32425,00 29 123,00 30491,00 33 413,00 37 587,00 (LrT) 992 31 404,00 29 204,00 29 025,00 36691,00 33 163,00 993 35 840,00 34 123,00 31758,00 40 198,00 33 832,00 Luxembourg 99r 614,00 587,00 519,00 544,00 (LFR) 992 604,00 563,00 533,00 621,00 993 515,00 490,00 490,00 520,00 : Nederland 99r 36,15 33,50 35,35 34,65 (HFL) 992 35,95 34,90 38,85 39,30 993 29,75 29,35 32,20 29,75 : Österreich** 991 347,25 344,30 290,04 297,54 292,98 (os) 992 33r,25 330,30 284,33 291,40 288,43 993 332,57 328,40 2g3,gl 288,90 290,20 Portugal 99r 4 399,00 3 342,00 3 342,00 3 520,00 3 517,00 (ESC) 992 3 919,00 3 205,00 3 205,00 3 495,00 3 372,00 993 3 451,00 3 067,00 3 067,00 3 522,00 3 227,00 Suomi/Finland** 99r 223,00 299,00 164,00 155,00 (FMK) 992 219,00 273,00 169,00 155,00 993 219,00 226,00 167,00 155,00 Sverige** 991 124,39 130,22 126,13 121,34 (sKR) 992 ll7,g4 122,19 120,99 113,45 993 I 13,50 I15,84 114,20 107,54 United Kingdom 991 1,1,66 17,23 10,69 (uKL) 992 12,17 ll,g2 I 1,90 993 11,37 I 1,33 12,17 : Source: Eurostat. CEREALS TI2II 4.1.5.4 Consumer price indices - bread and cereals (in nominal and real terms) 1990= 100 7o TAY 1994 r 991 1992 1993 1994 1g% a I 2 -l + 5 6 Nominal terms Belgique/Belgiö 02,8 105,9 08,3 09,6 1,2 Danmark 03,1 106,5 09,1 10,9 1,6 BR Deutschland 04,7 I10,2 14,0 16,4 2,1 Elläda 18,3 142,7 63,0 73,1 6,2 Espafla 09,8 720,2 28,4 33,1 3,J France 03,4 106,8 09,2 10,4 1,1 Ireland 05,3 108,3 07,2 09,9 )5 Italia 06,3 112,2 19,7 ?55 4,8 Luxembourg 04,9 106,3 07,9 10,3 )) Nederland 02,8 r07,4 09.7 10,6 0,8 Österreich X Portugal 19,8 135,2 4I 1 4J,9 4,8 SuomilFinland X Sverige : : : x United Kingdom 07.4 110.9 tt.2 12.0 0,7 Real terms Belgique/Belgiö 99,5 00,1 99,7 98,5 -1) Danmark 100,7 00,9 103,1 r02,6 - 0,5 BR Deutschland 101,2 02,4 101,7 100,8 - 0,9 Elläda 99,0 03,I 102,9 98,5 - 4,3 Espafla 103,6 07,1 109,4 108,3 - 1,0 France 100,2 01,2 101,3 100,7 - 0,6 Ireland r02,1 01,8 99,4 gg,6 0,2 Italia 100,1 00,4 102,4 r03,4 1,0 Luxembourg r0l,l 00,0 99,7 98,0 - 7,7 Nederland 98,9 00.2 99,8 97,9 - 1,9 Österreich : : : X Portugal 108,0 109,6 109,2 - 0,4 Suomi/Finland : X Sverige : : X United Kingdom 101.4 0l 99.6 98.0 - 1,6 CEREALS TI2I3 Us $c.loo\O OOcaca F-\n\nöl \n$ceFr cj -i ,ri $ ,ri .ri o d oi oi ,ri oi -l ct ,ri di > E.? C\c\l t\-rö] Fi - iF6k | | F !iä a) rttrl F ->r C).= cO \O O\ C.l OO cO C-.l OO \O C.l O OO O\ C.l \O '-.r \oo^oo"-1 c.}1\oo^ \qc\a o{1öloo^ -i \O Fr V) \-.i C\ öl C-.1 O C-. CO \O C- OO C..l <. F- oO O\ O\ \O \n \O \O C- t-- tr- \O oO f- oO oo \n\ncoo \nooN\o o\o\o\oo oornt-- -i vl $^ \ o^ vl oo^ o. c? \ v1 \ o" oo^ oo^ o{ \o co ,-i cÖ Q -i \o ,-i c.tr ca ,-i $ ca \n oo c.) l- co O\ Fr \n \n \O \O t-- OO \O oO oO f- O\ OO F $c.)-F: $c.l$- o\öloc.l o\o\cj\o qc?q\o^ q-iq\ 1.f,"qq \o^q$"q O\f--r\O OcA\öO\ cO\nO\F \O-+.+$ f- O\ O-- O \n \n \O \n F- oo \n f- oo t-- O\ f- C{ \O cA \O O\ ca OO t-. Fr ln O\ \O OO cO \O cA \ c{ \o" q. \o. oo- oo^ ol 1 v} oo- c1 \ \ o^ vi -<\OC.]\O O\O\caO\ $O\OcO O\oO.f,cA @ooO\O $S\O\n f-oo\nf- oo\Ooof- O\ öi 6l c{ oo f- $ $ O c.) $'-i c.) \O c.) f- \o^ c? oo^ \o^ \ o^ o? vl oo^ v? o{ 1 oq q q c.l ct^t'-'ioOO OoOcOO O\n\O- O\oOO\$ r- oo oo o \n $ \o \o F- f- \o r-. oo \o f- lr- öl ö] Ft \o - Q\ \o o\ d c-i \o -t co -f, \n oo \1cloo" o9-oo^q oo"\oo^v) \€^qv1 caf-cQti :+OO\nO F-\a,$O cAOO\ncO f- r- o\ o\ \o $ \o \o \o f- f- \o o\ \o oo tr- $\n\ocq tr-c.)ooFr f--öl\n \n(nc.lc\ -i -i q \o^ 1 ol c{ o" \ c.i cr} c1 c.} \o^ o^ o^ t*-\.,o\ö c.)o\\nFr ot-.\öo\ öI$$\o f- oO O\ oO t*- .f, \O \O f- t-- t*- \n O\ F OO f- O\ \O l- O\ O\ O\ cA $ ?i OO t'- c.) 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I--oOF-O L :+ O\ O\ OO \,1 \n \O \O \n l- oO \O t-- oO t'- O c) I L \noci* clr-s-i o\oI=o\ \o-<\oo .:- =q ol \o^ q c\ c{ o{ oo^ v1 @^ ,rI q oo^ q v} \o- -rQca\o F-öl\ncj \oca\oca 0 t--oo+< q) :+OOOOO\ \O\n\n\O \Of-oO\O f-oof-O .-9 tr - -(:lca$ Frc{ea:f, -(rlco$ Fr(\.1co$ a O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ F x O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ cg r-i Fi - F Fl F< Fl F,l Fl r-l F.l \-l Fl \-l \-l r-i E L q) :)+) t *r.- () U B v? o) vl a) N c) li d + U TI2I4 CEREALS 4.1.6.2 Market prices for cereals as a percentage of the intervention price ( ') t994 VII VM IX X XI I L .:t 4 5 6 7 Common wheat of Belgique/Belgiö l2l ,03 I 13,35 14,23 115,61 16,79 breadmaking Danmark 131,58 : 14,98 116,64 16,67 quality BR Deutschland 124,74 ll7,7l 20,16 l2l,2l 22,30 Elläda 132,24 146,92 50,81 150,80 51,32 Espafla 129,88 134,70 40,31 145,68 46,11 France 114,26 115,49 15,85 116,94 16,34 Italia 127,19 127,42 33,60 136,14 40,09 Nederland 128,18 118,41 20,52 121,23 21,24 Österreich :: Portugal 120,88 122,07 17,41 116,99 16,99 Suomi/Finland Sverige :: :: : United Kingdom 136,35 129,06 29,37 129,62 31,55 Common feed Belgique/Belgiö )) 5? 08,60 110,25 ltr,l4 112,76 wheat (2) BR Deutschland 27,27 14,82 116,36 117,50 120,21 Nederland 28,70 17,20 119,40 120,41 120,94 Portugal 15,30 19,82 l2r,1l : : United Kinedom )))) t4.32 ll4.l9 711,41 114,31 Durum wheat Elläda l07,ll 13,08 118,06 22,99 27,41 Espafra 123,59 30,91 140,60 41,85 48,50 France 37,50 142,89 41,28 53,61 Italia 128.55 31.38 135.89 42,94 46.91 Barley (3) Belgique/Belgiö 12,31 I 1,51 11,55 Danmark 124,62 : 07,51 ol,r5 09,09 BR Deutschland 111,38 110,08 14,00 15,41 16,70 Elläda 122,82 131,61 32,00 25,68 35,28 Espafla 103,31 I 12,15 16,91 18,67 19,16 France 110,41 113,18 13,40 14,27 17,39 Italia l2l,3l 130,80 21,33 28,44 33,56 Nederland 119,64 116,66 17,50 17.81 18,41 Österreich :: : : Portugal I I 1,90 116,12 16,99 Suomi/Finland : : Sverige :: : United Kingdom t15.23 110.05 t0.73 l156 l1.09 Rye (3) Belgique/Belgiö 121,69 107,41 107,56 106,87 108,50 Danmark : BR Deutschland (a) 115,89 I10,75 rll,44 rll,l7 I 13,10 Portugal 106.55 r06.55 106,55 106,55 106,55 Maize (3) Belgique/Belgiö 133,86 : 22,19 123,72 BR Deutschland : 137,71 35,66 24,55 129,35 Elläda 139,15 144,18 19,35 18,34 119,09 Espafla 143,15 140,68 38,59 32,48 136,72 France 134,24 132,14 25,20 22,32 123,86 Italia 131,52 128,51 28,08 29,20 131,90 Portugal 37,88 37,15 135,80 Source: European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (') Average prices at certain representative marketing centres adjusted to the standard quality. (2) Figures based on intervention price for common wheat of breadmaking quality reduced by 5Vo. (3) Feed grains. (o) Rye of breadmaking quality. (5) Institutional prices were changed on I February 1995 as a result of the new agrimonetary measures. CEREALS TI2I5 r995(5) XII I II m IV V VI 8 9 10 ll t2 13 t4 117,22 119,73 140,65 40,23 139,81 142,41 146,87 lll,67 121,39 145,09 47,51 148,55 148,7r 149,84 122,76 125,02 146,23 44,26 148,19 147,28 150,57 146,80 154,79 180,37 82,13 146,08 147,76 l4l,4l 17l,6l 69,09 166,1 5 166,6r 169,1I 116,73 118,88 141,29 39,23 142,05 151,46 147,13 139,81 143,13 167,r9 63,70 166,81 163,53 169,14 95,48 123,55 144,79 42,41 144,02 149,3r 149,66 124,19 145,18 48,53 148,37 146,15 146,01 : : 158,87 118,67 r41,62 50,08 151,59 152,84 152,08 : 125,12 145,I 8 42,11 140,48 142,r2 143,17 r30,77 134,37 156,41 53,27 154,15 158,32 t64.04 113,01 115,61 134,56 132,30 l3l,l9 137,49 140,28 119,60 124,34 r45,ll 144,19 143,91 145,52 148,16 121,02 123,23 144,02 140,96 r43,33 149,08 149,66 : 149,15 116,15 120,52 142,89 140.24 143.64 148,31 153,60 36,54 54,86 76,38 188,88 158,67 42,80 60,15 90,19 187,90 184,98 ng,2; 184,14 53,43 62,30 86,20 184,05 166,83 r78,57 176,62 52,36 64,23 88.17 179,95 r70,93 162.38 164,61 11,55 13,35 32,56 32,01 131,63 137,79 138,86 08,04 10,51 31,52 32,40 133,19 137,03 138,86 15,93 18,83 40,28 39,86 141,55 143,83 143,24 37,21 41,51 72,81 82,13 l54,ll 20,83 22,42 73,81 41,97 r40,31 14r,32 136,16 15,83 I7,]I 34,96 33,82 r35,45 144,31 136,18 34,13 36,00 59,81 54,03 r52,96 16l,ll 158,31 18,66 20,80 40,98 38,84 141,79 148,02 146,81 17,63 38,45 43,56 145,52 143,84 144,19 : : l48,ll 09,13 25,41 )? 7) r30,25 134,97 133,99 : 19,53 37,32 38,66 138,03 r39,45 140,54 13,28 16,45 38,48 34,33 136,38 140,25 141,07 108,50 I I 1,51 r29,07 126,99 126,49 132,40 133,81 : : 114,12 117,40 138,95 139,60 141,07 143,20 147,l r : 23,72 29,74 52,56 149,41 148,53 151,93 28,86 34,09 57,44 156,61 155,70 158,32 163,40 19,04 34,67 74,03 182,13 37,58 39,17 63,24 161,29 158,96 161,05 165,87 26,99 ?15? 55,60 152,60 156,16 163,18 117,00 34,25 38,88 61,85 169,48 113,99 174,87 186,12 : : : T/216 CEREALS 4.1.6.3 Intervention stocks in the EU at the end of the marketing year (l 0OOt) Products 199v92 1992/93 1993194 t994t95 I 2 -1 4 5 Common wheat: r0 943 t4 974 6 840 | 967 - common wheat of breadmaking quality t0 754 14 489 6 316 | 956 - common feed wheat 189 485 r64 1l Rye 3 552 2 4s8 2 545 | 200 Barley 7 4r8 8 694 6 526 3 062 Durum wheat 4 168 3 392 | 152 340 Maize 301 3 670 1 130 1l Sorghum 0 l5l 160 0 Total 26 383 33 339 r7 993 6 580 Source.' European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. RICE TI2I7 \a) O^ o{ O^ c{ oo" v lc.r l--üOc!\O o\ lo, C-l c\ oo F 6lo - Bs I- \o .f, \n rn oo r- cO c.l Cal t-l c\l r- Orn r- c.l F.r C.l o o\ CO ,-'r k co oo ö] t-t c\ c{ \n F< c\ \n N\O C-l @ OO t-i c\l \n r-'r c.l l.n .ü^ =q c? v? -i l.n\nFrOO tl ci q-ic.i\o^ \O * r-.i f- (\i \n t-- \o \n \ö \o v1 \o^ o^ q c? oo c.l -(| öl t-- \o \r) l- \O rn \n \n c-. q \o^ v1 oo^ v? \öt=|r)o\oo t'- \O \n \n \n \ o^ o^ \o^ o^ O\@#ca\O \n \.) \o \o tn oo -icl O^\q C\ ct^) t-- vvvvv h coca$\oco \o c\ \o c\l co öl ca ci q) O\oo$Nca .-I ca - :f, C.l CO Fi L co c\ €a.r FI I ca \ö crl c{ \o t-r .I \.) \-.r OO ö.1 - Fr *J I ca c.l -a FFl v) L C) A- \n$o\oc.l FiO\C\OcO ! () v c.l F T C! -E ,F q) r o- \n C) r G cl q) tr rrl;) a dE rrl - 6,äC)bo .i €'FH.sF =ägEb 6 rYl rYl rY P A $ q TI2I8 RICE 4.2.4.1 Supply balance - rice (1) EUR 15 | 000 t wholly milled nce VoTAY t992/93 1993t94 t990t9l t99t/92 1993194 (3) (r) (r) tgga93 1 2 -) 4 5 6 Usable production | 76r | 721 l 505 Changesin stock 130 - 141 -54 Imports 322 329 374 Exports 340 315 190 Intra-EU trade (2) 604 699 704 Internal use 1613 | 822 l 743 of which: - animal feed 85 t20 t20 - seed 45 47 41 - industrial use 42 110 74 - losses (market) t2 25 30 - gross human consumption | 429 | 520 r 472 Self-sufficiency (7o) 109,1 94,4 86,3 Source: Eurostat. (r) Broken rice included. (2) Calculated on intra-import basis. (3) EUR 12. 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C.l L t- 6 c! 0J- cl |/.) t*- -\\l)OO\n\OO\nciOölcoO Ä 4t^ q.) öl O\OOSI-Ocaoo-rtr)cornF o\ .-9 H s - \n r-i !-.r Fr - * $ öl oo 4v v - c\ .9h 9 q) L'Y .!l h r:.: äää .?=? - v t-. !'!:O\OO\ONO\O+OäooO\ co !YV AJ \o O\OcA*F--caoO,r\nc.j \i\O ca) )-i cn Fi ,-i -f, 6 a.t \n C..l \-.i - lcüOX €q) o.t I e :ä q) qr o^ ca o x \\oqo{Q- qc{{:\ } c.i d <' Fr \n \n o\ c..l O c-i e{.i o' c{.i O c'I \-.r Fi c{ Nf .a ca - | | ls lll \nc)\n|.no\Ö \NO\NO\N \n \n AA/I\ c-'| \o t.ö o\ F-\noocOOc.l vvv\vvr f- \o \o \n c.) t-- \n .-r c{ ca ölco\oo\s $ \n \o F- ca < ,-., $ \o co '-i \n !n s $ s \n\O-QCit'- OciO*r-t c\ oo t-. oo +$c.t\oo\o\ \n O\ f-- O\ C-l oo oo co OC.l\OcOOO f-Of-Ooo cn $ c\.1 f-. t=*ir:f,-O - -ooölc\ca s (n q) .- \ö o.l \n O\ ca \n O\ \n c{^)$OO\oo \n ca L c.l -F(O\Sf-C'l r= \o c.) -i l- \o +) r.Ö oooo\oo\o t-r ca I OO C.l tt- c.) o.\ x '-- f- (r- \o f-. ct^1 -r o\ cO@C\-r\n w 9 äo a I .-ta lr \n t--cooo$oca c.) $ oO f-- oO g tr- cO C.l $ \O \rt '-.iso\$$ X $ C'l \O t-- \n * - O\ -r OO C-,1 q) \n \O t'- C.) -r O\ cO \O ö] -r S h E I cgI oo ,rl \n C.l t'- oO d- j" cr} \o- o" \ $ .- \OcOOcO- Fa I a- +) I -!a =t v L A tst -U I I cg L GI @\n\oca$-f, o0 \n \O O cA ,-i OO -Ft o CH F I a-+) I ra €,a l.i 5 A I t^a - L aa -v -l O FLr li &o gdCI.ß.ü 7 c{\n ü ä &, E FF 'r! g .qr .i =E \s; i*E'Ei*r €**5t .; iE n 53 Sa' ipuÄiiÄ ;=EEf= i; I< w Fb ü SUGAR T1223 4.3.3.1 World supply balance and international trade in sugar I 000 t raw sugar VoTAY 1994/95 t99U92 t992/93 1993/94 1994t95 tg%/% I z -t 4 5 6 (I) Supply balance (marketing year Sept./August) Initial stock 35321 40313 40 388 36906 - 8,6 Production 116824 112585 1t09r4 116082 4,7 Imports 31774 31 526 32209 32862 2,0 Availability 183919 184424 183511 185850 r,3 Exports 32 561 32s36 33 s84 33043 - r,6 Consumption 111045 111500 rr3021 114608 1,4 Final stock 40313 40 388 36906 38 r99 35 of which: as Vo of consumption 36,3 36,2 32,6 33,3 2,1 1994 l99l 1992 1993 1994 lg% (II) International trade Imports/world 26284 30868 29214 28241 _??J'J of which: EUR 12 1709 1786 rtt3 I 685 - 1,6 Vo 6,5 5,9 5,9 6,0 1,7 EUR 15 : : : 1855 X Vo :::6,6 X Exports/world 27 384 31758 29 438 28737 - 2,4 of which: EUR 12 4862 4983 5832 4675 19,8 Vo 17,8 15,7 lg,g 16,3 17,7 EUR 15 :::4750 X %o :::16,5 X Sources: (I) FO Licht - European Sugar Journal (for the supply balance). (II) Intemational Sugar Organization (for international trade). T/224 SUGAR 4.3.4.1 Sugar supply balance (October/September) EUR 15 I (n0 t white sugar Vo TAY 1992t93 1993/94 1994t95 199t/92 t994/95 (4) (1) (1) lsw% $ 2 3 4 5 6 - Total production t4703 16012 16216 15402 5,0 - of which: C sugar production for export | 573 2265 2918 | 995 31,6 IJsable production (') 13130 13747 13298 13407 0,8 Change in stocks -32r 223 78 - 856 X Imports (2) 1922 1919 2077 2288 10,2 Exports(') (2) 3 407 3 564 3 674 3834 4,4 Intra-EU trade (1 sel) (t 240) (t 432) (14s0) 1,3 Internal use I I 966 ll 939 ll 623 12717 9,4 of which: - - animal feed 10 l0 ll l0 9,1 - - industrial use 179 174 213 182 14,6 - human consumption tr 717 11755 I 1410 12525 9,8 Human consumption (kg/tread) (3) 34,2 33,9 32,8 33,8 3,0 - Self-sufficiency (7o) (t) 109.7 115,1 119,8 112,9 5,8 Source: European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (') Excl. C sugar. (2) Excl. sugar traded for processing. (3) Ratio of human consumption to resident population at I January. (1) EUR 12. 4.3.5.1 Average world sugar prices (1) ECU/100kg Vo TAY (5) t994/95 t99t/92 t992193 t993t94 1994195 lgw% I 2 -t 4 5 6 Paris Exchange (2) 23,23 27,91 26,79 29,31 10,5 London Exchange(3) 19,06 19,82 23,59 26,55 24,5 New York Exchange(1) 16.39 16,95 20,37 23,49 27,6 Source.' European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (1) Arithmetic mean of spot prices (June/July). (2) White sugar, loaded fob designated European ports, in new bags. (3) Raw sugar, 96o, cif - United Kingdom, ex. hold. (a) Raw sugar, 96", loaded fob Caribbean - Contract No I 1. (s) Calculated on the basis of prices in national currencies. SUGAR T/225 4.3.5.2 Consumer prices for refined sugar (ECU/ks) o/aTAY 1990 1991 1992 1993 1993 lgn 2 3 A 5 6 Belgique/Belgiö 22,3 Danmark X BR Deutschland 4,2 Elläda 3,7 Espafla X France 8,7 Ireland 0,0 Italia - 6,8 Nederland - 3,3 Österreich X Portugal X Suomi/Finland X Sverige : X United Kingdom 0,86 0,94 0,88 0,89 1,1 Source: Eurostat. T1226 SUGAR q.) I 8a s I = \.'l 00v (J 3 \n o\ + aA SrS:gRrRro\r=\nr\ (.) o.l C-l C) k h' \n o\ c-] o\ Sr$:SRrRro\r=\Ör\ c{ O F c\l o q) bo Ci Fi \n o\ .6 \n f-c{ooS $ öl sf, a 9U F \n 50 0) q c\.1 t- O\ Fr \n \O .t I t- rgtt*-too=lN rn \n C.l r-r tt- c\l äg c.l öo (FX -'- g \o roO \o }H.Eq \o cö1tsrölcoca\O ca 'E o.R cal C.llvit56-lr-rt \n \n E k 9ä Ä,90o- vra .9 äo.9 o\ ö;Eb ca rXe tttStl:l= l- =:Y> oo 8S5 öl a r\ v A o\ $ t-< O\ ÄrExv .i 3..9 c..l C-l \O f- t'- r$N t-. 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OILS AND FATS OOO _-CI -O= OOO OOO OOO OOO \OTC\ O"ITr)T ca \o F- ÖIF(\ O\OO OOO OOC'I OOO OOO O\ öl t*- C-.lO-9"-$ -* F-(\ co c{ \o c-löIc-l OOO --- -.oS OOO Ocj$ g;8 s$cf) 3€3 OOO OOca Oo]O Oc'lO c{co$ OcaO OOO OOO :-S -rOS -$$ t--oO\O Ocf,C\ OOoo paa $ooo oF\n ö\oc.r O\c{O E es€ s$ö EaF !n$$ - S O.l c-.| ci c-l q) :öö oo\\o cacoc\'l rn-O r-r t-< t-'r $ Cai \n q) t-.r F.r ,-r CO C\ öl ö] öl .i a X GI J-. - *$O ri -i -i O\ f- OO -c.t$ -OO \OOO $O\c'l \Ocacr) J-C-.1 \nCA$--- .i (\ a.l rg r.l 9R9 - rc/ I 6t ##c') cn O\r)C{ OOO OOO I OOO C.lC.IcO *-r, (n <>oo cqo o\o\n t-- oo t-.- -r-= \n$ c.l \O c.l r-.r \n g$g N\; €56 =NE a -(N$ 9 - -,ic{ =- Ä ÖI - 6 q) q) (n -t Cr) \oo$ -.-.to.1 o.t-$ CC-- Qa- -c{q{ O-= L oc{\n \ocar- c'l-c-'l s c.l $ \o q) ct^r oo o\ ömG -1 Fr CQ F ö.1 c\ F! rts- E -FI (t) ^AA^^-ocrr- -c.rO\ OOO- OOO lJ\.J\vvv\ Ot--O cq\noo S"l!:9r-ootrl Fi Ca) i<+-- ooiio\ -. Öl 6 €q) q) o q) \O\öO\ -rO\O\ c')\OtlO OOO cat'-O cica\o ooo g -O\ct^r$$coo\ c\Oca 9=o\ 33F - c! C-l Fi CO -i Cei L GI '-'i I [-vn-i O -r .r O '-'i \n O\ n Q0]O\ qa!- \n.iO OOO \n \O '-r $o\o\ - \oooeer \OOt-- $$In FXO .i F C.) C-.1 6l \Ocqco \nco$ L -+a ct A t k I -f, *a öl co örc'!s''"T X O\ O\ O\ o\o\o\ o\o\( AA^^^a äää äää O\ v\ v\ v\ äää äää äää äääFl Fl Fl ääät-l ti * I O\ O\ Fi t-'i Fl \-l t-i Fl Fl Fl - F.i Fl Fi t< t-t Fr - F F - t-i Fi Fl t I -c! cl I F I tr üio q) - d I I taJ'= I m'q - r+{ () .O q#9F cf; EEÄ€'EEEsä n eEa,'öäH--i'.F;SäFAG ts $ mAFalrll!tr.'!jZ OILSEEDS, OILS AND FATS T1229 vvv cat\n O\tnN cr1 S \O Nc\l$ \nsca SF\n--- \ooo- -r -r ö] \J (-' - c.] o oo cQ \O '-i oo oo t-- c\lcoo \o co t-- \n \n \n \O \O \O c\looo $c-l$--- !n oo \o \O Ot -t C:l O\ cO '-.r oo [-- l.n \n rf, O\$-( $'-r- OOr- ooooo\ C- C\ f- t l-- oo \-.r C.l $.f,O \o oo -f- ooOC- \noo$ t-- \n cO c.) co cl.) oo ca F- CQ -i ['- c\ F{ -* Nt--$ vvv co \o \o t-- :f, c.) c.l \ö öl vvv ca ca o\ OO\\O cQ \ö -r \o\os .i $ Cat ts \o ci ca \nF-oo OO O\ tf, oo c.) $ äb Häääää o F F - äää * Fl Hää \-.1 Fi äää Ft * Fi - äää - F * * F * # (.) a C) 3 =4 (sJ €42 6 r., NEE] 9tr s30 5o *tF ^ .g-iiV (.) L: u) ,-=5'F.gPää=\9"8 )1$ üE=vF :Qo:ö65 EE OILSEEDS. OILS AND FATS TI23I 4.4.4.1 Supplies of rape and colza (seed, oil, cake) BUR 15 (July/June) I 000t VoTAY 1991/1992 1992/1993 1993/1994 1994t1995 1994/1995 (') (') (') (') lgw1g% A 2 J 5 6 Seed EU production 7 405 6 209 6 297 6 449 2,4 Imports (extra-EU) 301 375 528 1 390 163,3 Exports (extra-EU) I 602 533 267 - 4g,g Change in stocks 0 -19 -38 X Availabilities 7 705 6 001 6 330 7 572 19,6 Self-sufficiency (%o) 96 103 100 85 - 15,0 Oil and oil equivalent EU total production: - from Community seed 2 888 2 486 2 5r7 2 103 - 16,4 - from imported seed rt7 150 21r 556 163,5 Imports (extra-EU) 29 27 29 3 - 89,7 Exports (erxtra-EU) 955 538 664 974 46,7 Change irr stocks 0 29 -25 X Availabilities 2 079 2 096 2 Ir8 1 688 - 20,3 Self-sufficiency (7o) r39 118 118 r24 5,1 Cake and cake equivalent EU total production - from Community seed 4 146 3 477 3 524 2 944 - 16,5 - from imported seed r69 2r0 296 778 162,8 Imports (extra-EU) 667 927 996 634 - 36,3 Exports (extra-EU) 22 25 63 43 - 31,7 Change in stocks 0 5 -2 : x Availabilities 4 960 4 584 4 755 4 3r3 - 9,3 Self-sufticiency (7o) 84 76 74 68 - 8,1 Sources.' Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General for Asriculture. (') EUR 12. T1232 OILSEEDS, OILS AND FATS 4.4.4.2 Supplies of sunflower (seed, oil, cake) EUR 15 (July/June) I ü)0t 7a TAY 199419s 1991/92 1992/93 1993194 1994195 (r) (') (') (') rgw% 5 6 1 z -t 4 Seed EU production 4 r49 4 089 3173 4 445 40,1 Imports (extra-EU) 428 786 798 | 762 120,8 Exports (extra-EU) 3 54 l3 48 269,2 - X Change in stocks 0 r02 161 : 4 574 4 7t9 4 rtg 6 159 49,5 Availabilities - Self-sufficiency (7o) 9I 87 79 72 8,9 Oil and oil equivalent EU total production: - from Community seed | 741 | 717 1338 I 76r 3r,6 335 740 120,9 - from imported seed 180 330 -))) Imports (extra-EU) 190 r29 144 rt2 Exports (extra-EU) 123 164 r23 310 152,0 -27 X Change in stocks 0 -38 Availabilities l 988 2 050 I 721 2 303 33,8 - Self-sufficiency (Vo) 88 84 79 76 3,8 Cake and cake equivalent EU total production - from Community seed 2 280 2 290 1 783 2 348 31,7 - from imported seed 235 MO 447 987 120,8 Imports (extra-EU) | 5t7 I 053 833 | 440 72,9 - Exports (extra-EU) 13 6 l4 10 28,6 Change in stocks 0 -1 1 X Availabilities 4 020 3 7t8 3 048 4 765 56,3 - Self-sufficiency (7o) 57 60 61 49 19,7 Sources: Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (') EUR 12. OILSEEDS. OLS AND FATS T/233 4.4.4.3 Supplies of soya (seed, oil, cake) EUR 15 (July/June) 10001 7o TAY 1991/92 1992/93 t993/94 1994t95 r994/95 (') (') (') (1) tgw% 1 2 3 4 5 6 Seed EU production 905 | 231 681 889 30,5 Imports (extra-EU) 12949 t4 799 128tl 14895 16,3 Exports (extra-EU) 9 t4 10 2l 110,0 Change in stocks 0 183 - 529 X Availabilities 13845 15861 14011 15763 12,5 Self-sufficiency (Vo) 7 8 5 6 20,0 Oil and oil equivalent EU total production: - from Community seed 158 222 122 160 3r,l - from imported seed 2 266 2 664 2 306 2 68r 16,3 Imports (extra-EU) 5 4 3 1 - 66,7 Exports (extra-EU) 782 644 499 572 14,6 Change in stocks 0 1 -32 X Availabilities 1 647 2 245 | 964 2 270 15,6 Self-sufficiency (7o) 10 10 6 7 16,7 Cake and cake equivalent EU total production - from Community seed 724 960 531 693 30,5 - from imported seed 10359 rr 543 9 993 11618 16,3 Imports (extra-EU) 10906 r0 902 tl 249 12737 13,2 Exports (extra-EU) 960 1 084 1 054 918 - r2,9 Change in stocks 0 t2 -2 X Availabilities 21 029 22 309 2072r 24 r30 16,5 a Self-sufficiency (7o) J 4 3 3 0,0 Sources.' Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (r) EUR 12. OILSEEDS, OILS AND FATS T1235 4.4.4.4 Supplies of olive oil BUR 15 I 0001 VoTAY 1990/91 1991/92 1992t93 1993t94 1993/94 (3) (3) (3) rgwln I 2 -t 4 5 6 EU production 1 04r | 729 | 379 | 491 8,1 Oil imports 46 40 57 60 5,3 Intra-EU trade 483 328 357 370 3,6 Oil exports 93 r62 t62 100 - 38,3 Intra-EU trade 490 308 359 370 3,1 Change in stocks - 223 135 - 2t5 -8 - 96,3 Internal use 1310 | 412 I 489 1 459 - 2,0 of which: - industrial use 20 25 26 26 0,0 - human consumption | 290 | 447 1 463 | 396 - 4,6 Human consumption (kg/head)(r) 3,8 4,4 4,2 4,0 - 3,7 Self-sufficiency (7o) (2) 79,5 1r'7,5 92,6 97,9 5,7 Source.' European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (r) Ratio of human consumption to resident population at I January. (2) Ratio of total production to domestic use. (3) EUR 12. T1236 OILSEEDS. OILS AND FATS 4.4.5.1 Prices fixed and market prices on the Bari market for: - virgin olive oil - lampante grade olive oil 3o XI XII I II A I 2 J 5 6 1 Virgin Market price 19921993 205,78 i93,07 175,52 174,59 olive oil lntervention price r9921993 207,82 ,.07,82 207,82 207,82 Market price 1993t994 195,68 193,80 202,11 273,04 Intervention price 1993t994 197,90 197,90 197,90 r97,90 Market price r9941995 214,75 189,34 200,85 262,98 Intervention price (r) r9941995 158,94 r58.94 158,94 r91,92 Lampante grade Market price 992n993 188,95 179,12 165,t6 165,43 olive oil 3' Intervention price 992t1993 185,41 185,47 185,47 185,47 Market price 993t1994 115,59 177,69 181,53 190,04 Intervention price 99311994 175,7| 175,71 175,71 175,71 Market price 994t1995 197,76 193,85 248,76 Intervention price (') 994t1995 r43.54 143.54 t43.54 173,32 Sources.' European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture, and Bari Chamber of Commerce. (') Institutional prices were changed on 1 February 1995 as a result of the new agrimonetary measures. 4.4.5.2 Wholesale prices: - on the Bari market for refined olive oil - on the Milan market for refined olive oil. edible seed oils XI XT I il I 2 -l 4 5 6 Bari - refined olive oil r992t93 212,71 204,30 185,52 182,02 1993194 194,32 200,33 206,97 215,01 t994/95 216,89 197,78 217,44 286,95 Milan - refined olive oil t992/93 220,70 214,78 195,23 187,93 1993t94 202,54 204,73 195,57 219,85 r994195 229,87 207,33 217,21 285,05 Milan - edible seed oils t992t93 40,72 42,17 40,26 39,2r 1993194 46,09 51,98 54,54 53,20 r994/95 77,81 55,53 55,94 64,36 Ratio: olive-oil (Bari)/edible seed oils (Milan) t992t93 5,23 4,84 4,61 4,64 1993/94 4,22 3,85 3,80 4,04 r994/95 2,79 3,56 3,89 4.46 NB: The ratio olive-oil/seed oils is based on wholesale prices and excludes the consumption aid effective from I April 1979 Sources: Bari and Milan Chambers of Commerce. OILSEEDS, OILS AND FATS T1237 (ECU/I00 ks) III IV V VI VII VM IX X a 8 9 10 ll l2 l3 t4 l5 l6 177,27 I79,89 185,36 187,51 r94,92 198,66 205,78 199,85 189,85 207,82 247,82 207,82 207,82 207,82 207,82 207,82 207,82 207,82 212,86 206,60 206,60 206,60 206,60 206,52 212,86 217,37 206,72 197,90 197,90 197,90 r97,90 196,98 196,98 196,98 196,98 197,59 263,86 249,59 253,47 256,87 270,92 280,33 : 244,30 191,92 191,92 191,92 191,92 191,92 191,92 19r,92 191,92 183,68 168,02 169,51 173,38 173,82 181,31 184,62 184,62 180,89 176,24 185,47 r85,47 185,47 185,47 185,47 185,47 r85,47 185,47 185,47 186,04 186,15 191,20 193,59 194,29 195,34 r99,15 202,99 189,47 175,71 175,7I 175,71 175,71 176,08 176,08 176,08 176,08 175,83 246,71 234,58 237,49 245,69 262,04 269,84 213,67 113,32 173,32 173,32 r73,32 r73.32 173,32 r73,32 173,32 165,88 190,30 192,06 191,28 195,46 202,15 208,74 217,59 206,67 r99,57 209,44 208,71 213,78 214,07 214,07 2r8,32 226,34 202,99 210,36 219,07 259,03 263,45 267,90 285,30 294,84 256,77 194,87 196,36 200,52 199,88 208,39 2r4,24 221,86 220,39 206,26 215,94 214,55 2r9,20 219,49 220,48 218,95 230,63 237,05 216,58 285,26 269,39 269,55 257,09 289,05 301,30 260,9r 38,99 36,92 37,39 38,95 45,45 46,23 43,56 43,18 41,09 5r,42 50,48 50,59 50,57 47,57 46,47 53,36 58,83 51,26 62,21 57,07 52,47 52,54 53,98 55,26 : 58,72 4,87 4,r2 4,45 OILSEEDS. OILS AND FATS T1239 {M Fr oooo cooooo \ $ \o\o\0 \o$N \ oo^ O- O^ - O^ o{ cq U r- \o \o c.l -dr o\ \o t-r $ .f, \n Fr ca $ -r \O e.1 O\ t-- oo \n\Oc\ O\Oöl @ cq\n'< cACi\O \i ,ri .ri oi + d \d FrS$\f,r-{Fr \n .r \ö O C.) CA \O CO CA $ \O -< '-.t $ t-r \O O CA CO O\ O\ od vi6oi ridvj t-r $ .t $ Fi F,( F oOC-'|\n O\tnrn Öl O\O-r OOC-O \ c.} c?O^ ,rlvl\ oo o\o\n InoF t-i $ \ar \n Fi - \n Ocl^rt.n -rf-O\ C\ C.l O\ cO l- O rr \ oo" c"i o. 0{ \o^ -1 oo c\caoo \nooo Fr \ö \n \n r-i Fr o\ oo (> c..l öl ötr ,-r O\ FlnoO Of-oO q q\o"c? \oo^c? \O \Ö\nO cjoo\O Fi .t $ \n t-.i !n $\O\n -f,OO cA \OO\* CAOO \O f-F$ \OF\n \i oi Fj _i c.i oi \i r-.i $S\n t-.i @ \O$-ü l'-\OcA O-r\Ö\n\r) |-CO c\ \o"1 ol\o"q \n F-oOO öloo\O Ft$$\nt a f- -r ,< c.l r,n $ O Fca\n F-ölö.I -i qv?q q\o^s" \n $cQt-- Noo\O F.r-+S$r-r Cn .Fa 9 -t tFl oo \t-ro\ Oca\f, l- O\tn$ €Ci\O oo"qq c\v?ol tr \ A \n \O \n O\ cO oO l- - ,-'i s$$ \-.r FI q)v d q) ! 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I .'\O \o "oo "$n "$ "€o\ "oo "o rr)O\c) "$l-- "$.a " "O Ir) F- F-O \O t-- \.o -<-caN cacö s * )e : " * rQ @ \O \O f- tr) \O rr) t-- - O \O oO O F- F- f- ra) + \o ca + \o ca cra o c) rr) * c\ ca c..l * o\ F- oo \o r rf, ca c'l @ :$ca$: ,+ tE * .)E tt J+ "K n \o c..l r-' + c.l t-- : o o o\ o c- " o t.)ö\o-!S-3g "-o r.)*Oocaröca O oO c|o OO dsc.)rr) t( ts )+ JC ,E t( tE tE i+ tF t+ ;( "-O "r/-t C{ \O rn tr) € C\l $ * O rr) " $ t'- " O v^):F-.aröv.-ca$ - .?t (^1 c.)-(.*cOO\OO - \O € \ <- * r,igEX-För blrd=: !S ü6=patä;o& ü, ü, A ?' B Eug E;t=E+ü A E jeE L 5 B ., *EAg,EgE,Ef t SEsoq 6=ä;o * 3A*:.*F€€ä!EE5EE t*9 Er*Etü E E - H E tijü': = J 2,ö 8,Aä5 3FÄ o,Es?E + P &E 9"q 6 '60F"EFEä.s*UFF'rE (.)bo sA g ä,äE 3E 2,8 E;;5 -=äs: \J oor Su \n I s U FRUIT AND VEGETABLES T1247 \O - O c.) O I-- v^ O $ I- t- Or ^ v t\ x xo-v?x ic.idO o.,.i ro O O C..I *CQ *\OF--".i.döiöi I I o\ o < o c.l o\ " \o t.) lö o\ tn " ca " "t*-\O " oc.lclo\oo\ aaö.1 -tr\cr) co c-l O c.) 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O\ " ooO tr) O $ vl f- \O ..!.--.t $ @ O\ =f, f\ cö \C) t cil t-- Oc- C..l t-- S tr- $ C.l oo \.O oo oo co c] co S C.l C-l \O - - "-\O 'l.)O$C..lC.l-t- I*- or\ t.- \O , \O ^ ^ O\t-- ^tr)\OOsf,O\lr)c.l \Oc.}O\O ^ \O $\O -+.i\Ornv)O\oo e{ co öl ca co $ c'.1 ö'.1 c'.1 lf) "oo ^v v$*tr-^c!I-*\O ^\Ocöc..lcicav\o(..lootr) c-l $ FR83 s $s\o -f,ca\ocörn \o c-.| c.) 0.1 c.] " c.) s c.i c{ "O O ^v ^c.lSC..lvO$tn ^Soo(\{.+Ov\OOc{1t-a{ tr-OOO\ - \t on*\o ^ -f,$\O \td\O\tv^) S e{ c.) ö.i c\ cö ci C-l + AAA vvrvvv\vvvvvv R--^^-t^/- ci tr) -OO'.CJ-C)\o-OSO.'- " "**O - F -ooort---on-ooroo- m+-^- CQIn- * - )6 * .' O O.= \O c\l O oo c.i O O O * co=f,*OO !f,rrl* * 6l F *oose=o8^oRO "* cö<'**O H rn c\l 'r)c! -u* t6d -: IV:C)Yxtrtv tV. tV Dspd..EtD -) F1 Elq=r(Gd0r! rrl rr'l ,Y\ cr J( F 9t E E.9=iIt.V tt) CE t2 '5oF-gFEä.ggbEE'ce6FA c,F gtg = I oä=-Yo"r I cs,P 9.1 E R g$ E6üiFE*T ü $z Ex EA s ä,äE 3iEE,8 e;"ä5 t- a { I U rrl q T1248 FRUIT AND VEGETABLES 4.5.3.1 Intra-EU trade and external trade in fresh fruit and vegetables(3) EUR 15 (l 0o0t) Va TAY l 991 t992 r 993 1994 (1) r994 ({) (1) (1) r9% 2 -t +^ 5 6 7 8 Intra-EU Vegetables Total 5 135 5 42r 4 608 5 45r 18,3 trade(') of which Cauliflowers 257 302 243 296 21,8 Tomatoes 955 | 032 838 | 034 23,4 Cucumbers 552 556 447 572 28,0 Fruits (z) Total 4284 4364 4 r20 484r 17,5 of which Apples | 425 1 330 | 284 | 293 0,7 Pears 375 391 346 441 27,5 Peaches 538 591 446 599 34,3 Citrus fruit Total 25rl 2683 2357 2659 12,8 of which Oranges l 288 1 336 | 129 | 2r3 7,4 Lemons 303 315 302 32r 6,3 Clementines 613 692 631 803 27,3 Imports Vegetables Total 940 861 822 I 031 25,4 of which Cauliflowers 2121 - 50,0 Tomatoes 350 3s7 39r 464 19,7 Cucumbers 80 57 38 64 68,4 Fruits (2) Total 2237 2138 | 166 2336 100,3 of which Apples 839 849 562 601 6,9 Pears 259 295 245 233 - 4,9 Peaches 14 17 9 11 ))) Citrus fruit Total 1 636 1 581 | 465 | 617 10,4 of which Oranges 918 877 783 843 7,7 Lemons 113 r22 89 151 76,4 Clementines 89 77 98 94 - 4,r Exports Vegetables Total 672 791 984 | r41 16,6 of which Cauliflowers 31 37 38 48 26,3 Tomatoes 132 r47 210 278 32,4 Cucumbers 52 50 59 78 ?)) Fruirs (2) Total 654 734 511 l25l 146,0 of which Apples r44 160 363 409 12,7 Pears 52 59 60 90 50,0 Peaches 97 122 104 lt9 72,1 Citrus fruit Total 864 924 1324 1 555 17,4 of which Oranges 539 610 8r7 | 025 )55 Lemons t94 142 257 228 - 11,3 Clementines 65 82 r29 186 44.2 Source: Eurostat. (') Based on goods entering. (2) Citrus fruit not included. (3) For tax reasons, the Canary Islands are still included under non-member countries. (4) EUR 12. FRUIT AND VEGETABLES T1249 4.5.4.6 Market balance - processed tomatoes ' processed peaches EUR 15 l 000r Vo TAY 1990/91 l99l/92 1992/93 1993/94 1993/94 (2) (2) (2) (2) lgw% I 2 J 4 5 6 Processed tomatoes Usable production 6 790 6 427 6 23r I 200 15,6 Imports 597 602 34r 382 12,0 Exports | 674 | 543 1 906 r 763 - 7,5 Intra-EU trade 2 578 2 996 2 849 3 410 rg,7 Change in stocks X Internal use 5 7t3 5 486 4 666 5 819 24,7 of which: - losses (market) 0 0 0 : X - human consumption(r) 5 713 5 486 4 666 5 819 24,J Human consumption (kg/head) t6 t4 t6 14,3 Self-sufficiency (Vo) 119 tt7 t34 124 -7,3 Processedpeaches Usable production 460 566 647 484 -)\) Imports 156 145 191 t92 0,5 Exports 2r3 252 285 364 27,7 Intra-EU trade 735 746 740 872 lJ,8 Change in stocks 0 30 0 0 X Internal use 403 429 553 312 - 43,6 of which: - losses (market) 0 0 0 0 X - human consumption(r) 403 429 553 312 * 43,6 Human consumption (kg/tread) 1,2 1,3 1,5 1,5 0,0 Self-sufficiency (Vo) rt4 132 r25 155 24,1 Source: Eurostat. 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'äo- 6 ,F 9.tE 'FoH €'a d H F E ä.S F.g € F E ä.s 3 F.g H tr = *Eä Ed= ä868 P ä r'f rtl rt A A rrl r?l /i l-< P ^- -\ gfrüHÄ3Eäss t+{ frl t+i fr gsEgEH-gJ *j C. l-< 6 o () B a< äo (+i l-i \o o) V? -f, (J WINE T/255 o^n"\o"a\oo.c?qqc? @ \o o \o \o öI f- oo t'- f- t-- cr^) \d F c{ Fi c.l Fr cq c\l co ca I s älä I rttttttl I s \o OOO\nO\OO \n Fr \n !n s c..l l- O\ \O t'- \o t-- @ co @ O\ca$OO @@ O\ cA \O C-l C.l Fl :ü oo c..l \n \o \n an \n c\oöl\o\o oo ,-i t-. r Y ca casscooo öl t-- r-r CO \O \O o\ c'l oo O\Fi\OOO@ Ca Fi (n O\ c.l O\ cq ca o\ c.l cn $ \OOr-$öl co ^ o\ O$O,-.rO\ c.)o \n ,-i ca s \n F \n \n\nooo\o \O Fr \.) ca t-- OC-l\n$\O \o \n c.l \n \n \n \o o\ c-l t-r CA :f, s O\ ca oo cr') $ cq r-t oo cq \o \n - @ \ xclv?-i-ic?c.} .t"qc(') \o^ \a) $NOO\t'rf-ca\nco \r} F $l$ O\ lO\ c{r-iNFilcac\caca o l6 Ea - t- I tttttttt I .f, oo^ c?v?\q vv ca \.) \o-tof- c.f Of- o\ ,ri $ O\ \n C\ \n r- t-' c.) $ co ca c{ cr} q \o. oo. t-i CA $. q f-c\ln- o öl ^ { f- s \n c{ \o c\ F- tr- N$ C\ \n (\t q qqc{\o. cl o^ ct @ q ca $ t'- c{ \O t- \o \o \n ca oo s o:f,c.]$ \o oo \n co -<| -i tq oo^ \ c? vv \^ oo^ od Fl -r -i t-- $ t'- C\ ri ca \n oo :) $ o\ :t öt t-- in (n \f, CN -!a F F I E q x oq \o^ \ oo^ \o. o^ n" q o^ a F dl€ C\SC\Fr\-.rOf--rO I F 6ü I tttttl I Ba ä I lä F I .l F v f- O ca c.l O\ ,-i Fi O O\ Fr l- vv \^ oo O\ \O \n \n \o C51 c.) |r) \n # öl oo oO C.l $ c{^) ca -I .-+) c.) \o \o f- c.) \n t-r L q) *-it öi -v /I t fr') - rYI "-1 t{ c! q) r!jg:, L äodö 6=90)Ebo;?r5ä.= k 0E?Ev rrl - .+Ä€,EoEPSR'tor-r€'gH.sPEEg \)a\ vi L s EÄä ÄEJ,E&5 q T1256 wINE 4.6.3.1 Trade (t) in wine and share in world trade EUR 15 UEBL/BLEU 2 tr8 2352 2294 2222 - 3,1 r23 r94 159 r72 8,2 2,8 Danmark I r79 | 169 I 155 1 185 2,6 34 32 11 40 263,6 1,3 BR Deutschland r0729 r04r4 8902 9951 11,8 2 485 2791 2 555 2 886 13,0 12,9 Elläda 77 83 50 35 - 30,0 586 606 540 659 22,0 0,7 Espafra 80 129 60 516 760,0 6747 6 148 10293 88184 756,7 11,6 France 5 4r4 7 351 5794 6 660 14,9 12t78 11457 l0 626 rr 142 4,9 18,4 Ireland 151 148 146 185 26,7 l21l 0,0 0,2 Italia 851 796 402 25r -37,6 11951 12429 12871 17232 33,9 14,9 Nederland 2 246 2 229 r 916 2 316 20,9 43 46 93 135 45,2 )? Österreich X X X - Portugal 26 30 r82 949 421,4 1668 2309 2147 I 859 13,4 2,6 United Kingdom 6 198 6 165 6 960 7 644 9,8 51 59 49 50 2,0 J,9 EUR 12 28 969 30 872 26 606 31 9r4 35867 36073 3894r 42360 73,6 Sources.' Eurostat and OIV. (l) Intra and extra. WINE T/251 4.6.4.1 Supply balance - wine EUR 15(2) I 000 hl o/oTAY 1993/94 1990/91 t991/92 1992/93 1993/94 tgw% I a L -) 4 5 6 1. Total wine Usable production 187r82 160650 r97676 163913 - 17,l Change in stocks 684 12452 3 681 - 14751 - 500,7 Imports 3371 3324 3298 3 497 6,0 Exports 8 876 8 525 9 592 12688 7)? Intra-EC trade 264CI5 26335 25 503 29 r07 14,7 Internal uses: 176592 163566 181003 16454r - 9,1 - - losses production 23 529 944 906 - 4,0 - marketins 42 236 566 266 - 53,0 - processing 42 555 34748 50476 34136 - 3r,2 - human consumption r32 582 r27 554 r29 016 r28 633 - 0,3 Human consumption (l/head) 38,7 37,3 37J 37,1 - 1,6 Self-sufficiencv (Vo\ 123,8 112,0 133,0 113,0 * 15,0 2. Quality wines produced in specified regions (Total) Usable production 56755 49 416 59 099 54 507 -7,8 Internal uses 51690 45 550 49 27I 52625 6,8 3. Table wines (Total) Usable production rr1 238 101205 117385 93922 - 20,0 Internal uses of which: 106734 r02 184 r08s27 96 543 - ll,0 - human consumption 75 057 73710 71 443 71 466 0,0 - Community distillation (r) 26 066 24 430 32 878 21 242 - 35,4 Sources: Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (') Excluding distillation for the production of wine spirits bearing a designation of origin and national distillation operations. (2) EUR 12. 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F\'eQ > gl 8C T1260 POTATOES c'l v1 c- cl q O. q q x x 1 n^ ^g x -t € ca - t-- c.i rO ,ri i ca F- F ölc.ti$tTt ll s älä ttl c.l \o q c-i t*- co o t-- st c- (.) ca SSFsäg?8..''e tr- ! c'l \n oo €S5REü$äNE t-- t-- ä$RäE$ilR33 cl^) c.l o.qo-\oo.c{qoo^o.axaxx?-" JT9FJ+T;TT? T T r'rll a88XsKFSEIsil€ ä c\cacqc!-cac\äa{$-ts*co er88äflsnEq .$cocac.l-co-c'lN sRSKS€S\FA tcocf.)c'i-öc-lc{(^'lt gSRNsäKR3N*ölooco\nca\?!Oa!a on"aO-oqoo-v} 'ri?a d r-- \O' ö 6.{ -.r $ ca O c'l -lll I co ilffi8S8EKnriR33e3g -f, Ölc\-- a q) I - € D tr-- A fiYSSSüSgF€ x cAÖlFiH *r F I .Fl I @ *a €il6sFSR5*D I-) COÖlFrFr-t =l L ar. - tr-tc.l(n\a-aoo'iioO\ t-- \nst+öF-otÖooo -v -t CqC{-Fi#t A tFl- o .- :t 6 G() 4 je E E € ä L EsS|anHäo o-qü'.jtr troa€-q.='ü - ä \ ä E € F s E e € € u ä E ä c $ äÄÄää'iessE,8&ääs POTATOES T/261 $ lco c\ ,rI o\ lo\ c? v? ö* ,q -i v1 oo^ F o lo s \n - l- --Oc{O\-f, @ N I I ?' l'; I I ')f JE &,|x r\ncq\O$$öl+K=RtR8=8 Q \9 a \nr cr1 t\ O\ \ö \n oo\ac!\Ooo-f,rncj F.i\OcO\O$\iöl+ k -f O O t-- t-- rn \O oo s\ncq@\öo\\oo öl\ocaF-\n\tN+ \Ott-lntnSNoOO\ ooO\.f,O-f,\OO\(n H\öcAOO$$C.lcA a\q\q-ic{o^ oo t-- oo o\ oo \-.r o\ \o T-tc{tttl ll :Tt-O\O\-t\n@O \n $ c{ t-- O\ oo O\ \r) (\.l C.l C..l - F.r - ; C\t =88nsD=€ cac.)NFic\l-c{öl - O \o t-- öl öl t*- c{ f-- \o co o\ c.) co o\ t-- C.l(\nöl-(\.l-rCj 5s€88nRK o.l o.l c,l * öl F( c-i c{ \v?\qqc.ie.io^ \o$t\c\$ooodo tt lrrl (n I q) *a c! t-- - $ t-- C-l C{ - \O +) C\.1 - CO C.l C-l - Fr A E -tr G () \o c{ ca oo co s c.l \o C.l \-.r $ C.l C.l t< - *r - ts .!l ! O\\n$ct^1$tr-co\n I (\.lFi.tNN-F.r i -rJ tr- - oO!n$cOC{g.\cA\O F C{Fi$C-lC.i-- -,I Ft -q) .T o'l F 6 \n .4 lV. .a\ c! ** v F ,.Y {) ilL o) L !:bo6 Ft rr-l l- VH -t\ )E äO El 6o *F \")oli oJ J ir EE ()r liv .gÄS,H() tr C) äoLr.H!3.9 C).: \ (htr $ nx#,ä.FE '\-/ q POTATOES T1263 4.7.4.1 Supply balance - potatoes EUR 15 1000r Vo TAY 1990/91 t99t/92 1992/93 t993/94 1993t94 (r) (') (') 1rwr30 I 2 -t 4 5 6 Usable production 45 877 43 094 48059 45 056 - 6,2 Change in stocks -59 -49 440 -12 - 102,7 Imports 813 570 738 501 -?) | Exports 1 394 843 l 187 994 - 16,3 Intra-EU trade 6 533 7 007 6 420 7 768 2r,0 Internal use 45 355 42 833 46 448 44 361 - 4,5 of which: - animal feed 5 996 3 441 4 753 4 167 -1)? - seed 3171 3 288 2 962 2 875 - 2,9 - industrial use s63 550 584 581 - 0,5 - alcohol 563 550 584 581 - 0,5 - processing 6 547 8 270 7 840 7 603 - 3,0 - losses (market) l 563 1 66r | 712 1586 -7,4 - human consumption 27 516 27 103 28598 27 8t9 - 2,7 '79,0 Human consumption (kg/headlyear) 79,3 84,r 80,2 - 4,6 Self-sufficiency (7o) 101,2 100.6 103,5 101.0 - 2,4 Source: Eurostat. (') EUR 12. T1264 TOBACCO 4.8.1.1 Area, yield and production of leaf tobacco, by groups of varieties Area h 7o TAY 1994 1992 t993 1994 l99l tg% '7 A 6 z -) - 5 - EUR 15 61206 12528 51 841 50092 3,4 - Flue cured BR Deutschland 980 9r2 1 041 | 394 33,9 I - Elläda 14672 28796 12362 rr 097 10,2 - Espafra t2 637 13800 12410 lr 2r3 9,6 - France 3260 3 560 3963 3 816 3,7 Italia 27 r73 2356r 19984 20325 1,7 Portugal 2484 1 899 2087 2241 7.7 - EUR I2 61 206 72 528 51 847 50092 3,4 - EUR 15 32 343 29 820 26 462 24 584 7.r - Light air cured Belgique/Belgiö :::27 X il -7,8 BR Deutschland 1 872 | 711 | 547 | 427 Elläda 2742 5 2r3 3 664 3110 1,3 - Espafla 2360 2906 I 930 835 56,7 - France | 826 2560 2619 2504 4,4 - Italia 22907 16936 16 r75 15549 3,9 - Österreich 216 196 195 190 2,6 Portugal 420 292 332 342 3,0 - EUR 12 32 127 29 624 26 267 24 394 1.r - EUR 15 36367 23282 21257 21 170 0,4 - 3,5 ru - Dark air cured Belgique/Belgiö 468 4r1 400 386 BR Deutschland | 282 | r72 | 205 | 245 3,3 Espafra 5 850 3 070 3252 3 899 lg,g - France 7 653 5 598 4515 4252 5,8 - Italia 2r rr4 13025 I I 885 1I 388 4.2 - EUR 12 36367 23282 21257 21 170 0,4 - EUR 15 4649 3463 3435 3rr7 9,3 9,1 IV - Fire cured Espafla 1461112 France xlxx X - Italia 4635 34s6 3424 310s 9,3 - EUR 12 4 649 3 463 3 435 3 rr7 9,3 TOBACCO T/265 Yield Production | 00 kg/ha Vo TAY VoTAY 1994 t99| t992 1994 l 993 1994 l99l 1992 1993 t994 1g% l9% 8 9 l0 ll l2 l3 14 l5 l6 t7 23,5 23,0 23,9 23,7 - 1.2 r44 100 167040 t24 129 I l8 521 - 4.5 12,4 19,0 l7,l 14,6 - 14,2 | 2r8 | 640 1 777 2041 14,9 27,1 24,9 30,7 26,7 - l2,g 39701 7r 526 37 921 29644 - 21,9 25,7 2l,g 22,2 25,g 16,2 32497 30 158 27 569 28944 5,0 18,3 19,5 20,7 21,7 8,1 5 98r 6602 t 951 8273 4,0 22,1 22,7 23,6 22,5 - 4,9 60071 53 517 47 193 45 691 -7) 18,6 g,g l 9,2 17.5 112,4 4632 3 597 1718 3928 129,6 23,5 23,0 23,9 23,7 - 1.2 r44 100 167 040 124 129 I 18 521 - 4,5 27,6 26,9 27,0 29.5 5,4 892r2 80 178 7t 479 70000 - 2,1 :::30,7 X :::83 X 21,4 25,0 20,4 21,3 4,4 4004 4290 3 158 3 040 - 3,7 31,5 25,2 31,5 31,5 0,2 8651 13127 11530 11700 1,5 22,4 23,0 24,3 27,9 14,4 5286 6 681 4689 2320 - 50,5 26,3 20,0 23,4 26,5 13,4 4796 5 113 6 r25 6642 8,4 28,5 29,5 27,7 2g,g 4,5 65 337 49 890 44775 44968 0,4 14,8 16,3 20,2 lg,1 -5) 320 3r9 393 363 - 7,6 19,5 26,0 24,4 25.9 6,1 818 758 809 884 9,3 27,7 27,0 21,1 29,5 5.5 88892 79 859 71086 69637 - 2,0 20,3 23,0 21,4 20,7 - 3.2 73 840 53 48r 4s 524 43 886 - 3,6 13,3 33,9 37,6 31,2 - 16,9 623 1409 1503 1206 - lg,g 21,6 27,0 26,6 23,0 - 13,6 2774 3160 3206 2862 - 10,7 13,9 23,3 26,0 27,7 6,4 8 l5l 7 156 8466 10800 27,6 25,7 22,4 26,5 2g,4 7,0 19699 t2 567 I 1 980 t2 074 0,8 20,2 22,4 l7.l 14.9 - 13,2 42593 29 189 20369 16944 - l6,g 20J -7) 23,0 27,4 20,7 J t- 73 840 5348r 45 s24 43 886 - 3,6 17,6 18,8 19,5 79,7 r,3 8 r97 6 513 6 690 6 148 - 8,1 16,4 19,3 lg,1 21J 13,5 23 ll 2t 26 23,9 XXXX x XXXX X 17,6 1g,g g,5 l lg,7 7,2 8 174 6 502 6669 6 r22 _R? 17,6 18,8 19,5 lg,7 1.3 8 r97 6sr3 6690 6 148 - 8,1 T1266 TOBACCO 4.8.1.1 (cont.) Area ha 7o TAY 1994 1992 1993 1994 1991 tg% 6 7 2 J 4 5 -1)) EUR 15 28841 27 382 r7 239 15133 - - Elläda 20085 19255 9304 7 438 20,1 V Sun cured - Italia 8 756 8 r27 7 935 7 695 3,0 - EUR 12 28841 27 382 17239 15133 12,2 - EUR l5 46462 49047 47 169 45039 4.5 - 4,5 VI, VII, VIII - Special sun cured Elläda 46462 49047 47 169 45039 - EUR t2 46462 49047 47 169 45039 4,5 - EUR 15 209868 205522 167409 159135 4,9 417 400 413 3,3 Raw tobacco Belgique/Belgiö 468 '7) BR Deutschland 4 r34 3 801 3793 4066 -'7 ) Elläda 83961 r0231r 72499 67 284 - Espafia 2086r 19782 l7 603 15959 9,3 - France 12739 ll719 ll097 10572 4,7 -) 7 Italia 84 585 65 105 59 403 58 062 - Österreich 216 196 195 190 2,6 Portugal 2904 2r9r 2419 2589 7,0 - EUR 12 209652 205326 1672r4 158945 4,9 NB: Classification of tobacco varieties as set out in the Annex to Reguiation (EEC) No 2075/92' 30.6'1992. Source.' European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. TOBACCO T1267 Yield Production 100 kg/ha Vo TAY VoTAY 1994 1994 l99t 1992 1993 1994 l99l r992 t993 1994 19% 1g% 8 9 l0 ll 12 l3 l4 l5 l6 t7 17,2 l5.l 18,6 18.1 - 2,8 49 562 41 263 32042 27 335 - 14,7 16,2 15,2 20,1 20,3 0,8 32442 29305 18740 15r04 - lg,4 19,6 14,7 16,g 15,9 -5) r7 r20 1l 9s8 13302 r223r - 8,1 17,2 l5 I 18,6 1g,l - 2,8 49562 41263 32042 27 33s - 14,7 14,0 12,2 13.3 14,0 5,3 6s 100 59628 62s63 62896 0,5 14,0 12,2 13,3 14,0 v,J5? 65 100 59628 62563 62896 0,5 14,0 12,2 r3.3 14,0 5.3 65 100 59 628 62563 62896 0,5 20,5 [9,9 20,5 20,7 1,0 430011 408103 342421 328786 - 4,0 13,3 33,9 3'1,6 3r,2 - 16,9 623 | 409 1 503 r2&9 - 14,2 r9,3 23,9 21,5 19,5 - 9,0 7 996 9 090 8 141 7 943 - 2,4 17,4 17,0 19,0 17,7 - l,J r45 894 r73 586 r30754 1r9 344 - 8,7 22,0 aa 22,2 23,1 26,4 13,g 45957 44006 40745 42090 vrr 23,9 20,7 23,5 25,5 8,7 30 476 24 282 26 056 26 989 3,6 22,9 23,2 22,3 21,7 - 2,6 193295 151056 132308 125956 - 4,8 l4,g 16,3 20,2 lg,1 -5) 320 3r9 393 363 -'7,6 18,8 7g,g 10,4 19.6 77,9 5 450 4355 2521 4812 90,4 20,5 19,9 20,5 20,7 1,0 429691 407784 342034 328423 - 4,0 T1268 TOBACCO 4.g.Z.l World production of raw tobacco and production in principal exporting countries c/( TAV 1994 tg% 8 306,1 6 515,3 - 21,6 World 100.0 100.0 100,0 100,0 7 454,7 8 293,0 of which: 328,4 - 4,0 - EUR 12 5,8 4,9 4,1 5,0 429,7 407,8 342,0 328,8 - 4,0 - EUR 15 5,8 4,9 4,1 5,0 430,0 408,1 342,4 212,6 - 37,1 - Turkey 7) 4,0 4,r 3,3 239,4 331,8 338,1 190,6 - 9,6 - USSR/CIS 3,4 1,7 2,5 2,9 250,5 143,'l 2t0,9 34,8 - 30,0 - Bulgaria 1,1 0,9 0,6 0,5 85,0 71,9 49,J 177,8 - 24,4 - Zimbabwe 2,4 )5 2,8 2,7 178,1 211,4 235,3 99,3 - 25,8 - Malawi r,7 l,J 1,6 1,5 125,4 137,9 133,8 't\ 528,0 - 9,1 - India J,0 7,0 8,1 555,9 584,4 580,6 98,6 -7,4 - Rep. of South Korea 0,9 1,0 1,3 1,5 69,'7 79,6 106,5 718,0 - 1,9 - USA l0,l 9,4 8,8 I1,0 754,9 780,9 731,9 71,5 - 17,0 - Canada 1,1 0,9 1,0 1,1 J8,7 71,8 86,1 68,2 - 4,5 - Mexico 0,5 0,4 0,9 1,0 38,3 29,8 71,4 160,0 4,7 - Indonesia )) 1,8 1,8 2,5 164,9 145,4 152,8 56,0 - 45,4 - Philippines 1,1 1,4 7,2 0,9 82,3 ll7,l 102,5 442,0 -27,3 - Brazll 5,J 7,0 7,3 6,8 422,0 577,0 608,0 81,8 -27,2 - Argentina 1,3 1,3 1,4 1,3 94,4 108,6 112,3 2320,0 - 32,8 - Peop. Rep. China 40,7 42,2 41,5 35,6 3 030,7 3 499,0 3 45r,0 Sources.. European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture and USDA. 4.8.3.1 EU share of world trade (') in raw tobacco o/o 1000t TAY Provenance or 1994 destination r99l t992 1993 t994 7o tg% A 6 7 2 J 5 1734,0 - 0,9 Imports World | 769,6 I 814,9 | 749,3 EUR 12 527,7 527,1 416,9 490,1 r7,6 7o 29,8 29,0 23,8 28,3 X EUR 15 555,5 557,0 442,8 520,2 17,5 7o 31.4 30,7 25,3 30,0 X - World l8 1,0 1741,2 1781,4 l78l'3 0,0 Exports - EUR 12 2 0,6 199,5 209,7 208,4 0,6 Vo | ,6 11,5 I 1,8 ll,J X - EUR 15 2 1,6 200,5 210,7 209,4 0,6 7o l.l 11,5 11,8 l1'8 X 'Tobacco Sources.' Eurostat and World Situation and Trade' (USDA publication). (1) Excl. intra-UE trade. TOBACCO T1269 4.8.3.2 EU tobacco exports to third countries EUR 15 Destination USA 36796 44 320 33530 27577 13,2 - r7,g Russia 0 7 424 32832 9 581 4,6 - 70,9 Egypt 1434r 23 422 15632 40 539 Ig,5 159,3 Algeria rr 823 t2 924 15553 14685 7,0 - 5,6 Romania 4 799 1 371 14370 7 066 3,4 - 50,8 Switzerland 9 719 9 688 9 28r tr 9t4 5,7 29,4 Japan 6 636 rr 640 9 082 8748 4,2 - 3,7 Poland l0 6t7 7 145 7 439 10087 4,9 35,6 Bulgaria 6 370 8 641 5 520 1 594 0,8 - 71,1 Cuba 6 994 1 691 5 458 4480 2,1 - l'1,9 Hungary 10738 2 771 4786 3 t6s 1,5 - 33,9 Czech Republic 0 0 3933 4596 )') 16,g Mexico 2 t24 2 915 3 866 4 058 1,9 5,0 Territory of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 0 0 3246 3522 7,7 8,5 Tunisia 2673 3373 2778 | 577 0,8 -4?) Others 86 946 56 446 42 432 55 222 26,5 30,1 World 2r0 636 r99 777 209738 2084r1 100,0 - 0,6 Source: Eurostat. (') EUR 12. TI27O TOBACCO 4.8.3.3 Imports and exports of raw tobacco EUR 15 ( l0A) t) 1992(t) 1993(r) 1994\1 ) lntra Extra Total Intra Extra Total Intra Extra Total 1 2 3 +l 5 6 8 9 l0 A - Imports Flue cured Virginia 28,2 244,0 )'7) ) 37,5 r92,7 230,2 23,9 215,0 238,9 Light air cured Burley 19,1 69,4 88,5 10,2 54,9 65,1 9,4 65,3 74,1 Light air cured Maryland 0,0 1,1 1,1 0,0 1,5 1,5 0,0 1,4 1,4 Fire cured Kentucky )7 ll,2 13,5 1,6 8,6 10,2 1,7 9,3 11,0 Other fire cured tobacco 0,7 8,2 8,9 0,6 8,2 8,8 0,4 9,J 10,1 ll,9 16,g Light air cured (other) 6,4 -5? t" lr,7 3,1 5,0 8,1 5,0 Sun cured 23,1 34,5 57,6 32,1 27,0 59,1 16,5 29,7 46,2 Dark air cured 7,5 47,2 54,7 51 35,9 41,2 1,2 36,1 37,3 Flue cured (other) 10,9 21,4 7)7 3,9 lg,6 23,5 9,4 2g,g 38,3 Other tobacco 11,5 10,2 21,7 8,4 vre5? 13,7 6,9 12,9 19,8 Tobacco refuse 26,2 74,6 100,8 22.r 58,2 80,3 26,4 69,9 96,3 Total 135,9 521.1 663,0 r24,8 416.9 541,7 r00,8 490,1 590,9 B - Exports Flue cured Virginia 30,7 23,1 53,8 22,4 17,2 39,6 13,8 46,5 60,3 Light air cured Burley 18,4 27,7 46,1 14,0 24,3 38,3 17,5 29,7 47,2 Light air cured Maryland 0,2 1,0 1,2 0,2 1,3 1,5 0,0 0,4 0,4 Fire cured Kentucky 1,9 )7 4,2 1,3 2,9 4,2 )5 3,9 6,4 Other fire cured tobacco 1,3 2,9 4,2 0,5 1,7 )) 0,9 0,9 1,8 Light air cured (other) 0,1 0,0 0,1 0,5 0,0 0,5 0,0 r,4 1,4 Sun cured ))7 78,6 100,9 26,3 88,8 115,1 0,7 63,9 64,6 Dark air cured 6,7 34,1 40,9 J'J55 30,0 35,5 4,3 18,3 22,6 Flue cured (other) 7,0 9,5 16,5 8,9 20,8 29,7 9,2 17,9 27,1 Other tobacco 10,3 7,0 17,3 4,3 10,8 15,1 5,4 11,5 16,9 Tobacco refuse 20,0 13.3 33,3 29,0 ll,9 40,9 34.8 14.0 48,8 118,9 199,5 318,4 112,9 209,7 322,6 89,1 208,4 297,5 Source: Eurostat. (r) EUR 12. TOBACCO TI27I 4.8.6.1 Quantities of tobacco bought in t 7o of production Harvest r 990 1991 t992 1990 1991 1992 I 2 J 4 5 6 1 Paraguay x X X H. de Bad. Geudertheimer X x X Bad. Burley 87 1,9 X X Bright 463 3 210 X 0,9 6,9 Burley I : : X X X Maryland : : X X X Kentucky 92 313 : 1,3 4,3 X F. Havanna 717 r58 3,4 3,3 X Xanti-Yaka : 9l 26 X r,6 0,6 Perustitza X X X Erzegovina : 2I X 1,0 X Basmas l 578 | 626 2 614 8,6 6,7 12,6 Katerini 669 428 450 4,1 )5 2,9 Kaba Koulak C. 138 643 815 6,0 5,5 6,9 Kaba Koulak N.C. 24 54 l2 1,6 3,8 6,2 Myrodata 9 76 69 0,2 1,8 1,5 Zichnomyrodata 18 23 : 5,1 7,6 X Tsebelia 3 r45 340 51 16,4 1,8 0,3 Mavra l 093 288 : 13,4 3,4 X Burley EL X X X Virginia EL 204 X X 0,3 8 170 4 524 1 571 2,6 1,5 )'7 Source.' European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. T/272 SEEDS 4.9.1.1 Seed production and related aid (1994) lffi kg Product Belgiquei BR EUR 15 Danmark Elläda Espafra France Ireland Belgiö Deutschland I ^/. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Graminae Festucapratensis Huds. 45 l6 950 24 072 0 0 r20 0 Poa pratensisL. 638 100260 5 527 0 0 60 0 Poa trivialis L. 0 5 810 0 0 0 0 0 Lolium per. L. (high persistence) 3 636 tzt 070 44 9t2 0 0 l6 000 I 498 Lolium per. L. (new var. & a others) 2 232 tzt 140 36 426 J 350 l6 000 267 Lolium per. L. (low persistence) 14 t26 2 050 0 0 0 0 0 Lolium multiflorum Lam. 0 40810 t27 r02 0 5 089 25 000 0 Phleum pratense L. 0 2 180 8 521 2 0 l0 0 Phleum bertolonii (DC) 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 Festuca rubra L. | 592 r97 920 20537 0 0 23 000 0 Dactylis glomerata L. 90 t6 490 1 l7l 2 180 30 000 0 Agrostis canina L. 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Agrostis gigantea Roth. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Agrostis stolonifera L. 0 2r0 0 0 0 0 0 Agrostis capillaris L. 0 0 34 0 0 0 0 Festuca ovina L. 738 9 060 8 344 0 0 l 800 0 Lolium X hybridum Hausskn. t2 6 330 2 15r 0 0 3 500 0 Arrhenatherum Elatius L-P 0 0 992 0 0 0 0 Festuca arundinacae Schreb. 0 230 38 6 130 18000 0 Poa nemoralis L. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Festololium 0 0 462 0 0 0 0 2. Leguminosae Pisum sativum L. partim 0 0 136300 380 0 800000 0 Vicia faba L. partim 0 0 69 325 0 0 l2 000 0 Vicia sativa L. 30 0 3 976 r320 49753 55 000 0 Vicia villosa roth. 0 0 713 0 2 198 300 0 Trifolium pratense L. 60 16202 4 019 2 0 17000 0 Trifolium repens L. 0 19230 r 893 0 0 l0 0 Trifolium repens L. gigante 0 0 | 291 0 0 10 0 Trifolium alexandrinum L. 0 0 0 150 0 0 0 Trifolium hybridum L. 0 2 0 0 0 l0 0 Trifolium incarnatum L. 0 0 867 0 0 7 000 0 Trifolium resupinatum L. 0 0 0 7 0 1 200 0 Medicago sativa L. (ecotypes) 0 0 0 20 4 651 0 0 Medicago sativa L. (varieties) 0 0 130 0 2 986 38000 0 Medicago lupulina L. 0 | 260 0 0 0 0 0 Onobrichis viciifolia scop. 0 0 0 0 0 250 0 Hedysarium coronarium L. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 1 Ceres Triticum speltaL. l4 000 0 t7 998 0 0 0 0 Orysa sativa L. 0 0 0 7 500 0 31000 0 - type japonica 0 0 0 0 70 8r2 0 0 - type indica 0 0 0 0 t72 400 0 0 4. Oleagineae Linum usitatiss. (fibre flax) 67 296 0 25 0 0 30 000 0 Linum usitatiss. (seed flax) 225 0 33675 0 0 25 000 0 Cannabis sativa L. 0 0 0 0 0 4 500 0 SEEDS T1273 100kg ECUI I OOOECU Suomi/ United 100kg EUR 12 Italia Luxembourg Nederland Osterreich Portugal Sverige EUR 12 Finland Kingdom l0 ll t2 l3 l4 l5 l6 t7 l8 l9 20 l0 0 758 0 98 42 053 36,1 1518 0 0 41 145 0 0 r47 630 31,9 4 709 0 0 0 0 0 5 810 7)) 187 0 593 69 009 0 33 428 290 146 28,9 8 385 790 108 18919 0 46 510 242745 21,5 5 219 0 0 0 0 0 t6 176 15,9 257 2l 184 3 880 38624 0 t4 443 276132 17,5 4 832 0 l7 26 0 | 260 12022 69,2 832 0 0 0 0 0 40 42,2 2 0 0 74 760 0 4 3t9 322 r28 30,5 9 825 409 0 0 0 I 118 49 460 43,7 2 t6l 0 0 0 0 0 2 62,9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 62,9 0 0 0 0 0 0 2r0 62,9 l3 0 0 389 0 0 423 62,9 27 0 0 2 623 0 125 22 690 36,1 819 0 38 1116 0 3 005 t6 152 17,5 283 0 0 0 0 0 992 55,6 55 I 178 0 5 4t5 0 147 25 r44 48,8 | 221 0 0 | 542 0 0 | 542 1)) 50 0 0 0 0 0 462 26,8 12 0 2 400 0 0 r70 r70 I 109250 0,0 0 0 327 0 0 201 200 282 852 0,0 0 34 149 0 0 15 5 199 149442 25,4 3 796 .7 I 0 0 38 0 3 256 19,9 65 789 10 0 0 116 382s8 44,3 1 695 10 0 0 0 608 21751 62,2 13s3 130 0 0 0 0 1 431 58,6 84 r2 882 0 0 45 0 13077 37,9 496 1 0 0 0 0 l3 38,0 0 8 533 0 0 0 0 l6 400 37,9 622 2 608 0 0 0 0 3 815 37,9 145 62 660 0 0 0 0 67 337 18,3 r 232 2t 327 0 0 0 0 62 443 30,3 | 892 aa 0 0 0 0 0 | 260 26,4 JJ s83 0 0 0 0 833 16,6 14 868 0 0 0 0 868 30,2 26 0 0 0 0 0 31998 11,9 381 0 0 0 9 300 0 47 800 13,3 636 610000 0 0 0 0 680812 12,3 8 374 150000 0 0 0 0 322 400 14,3 4 610 0 0 0 0 12000 r09 32r )75 2 569 0 0 0 0 80 000 138900 18,6 2 584 0 0 0 0 0 4 500 r7,0 77 T /2] 4 SEEDS 4.9.1.2 Area under seed 0994195) Belgique/ BR Product EUR 15 Danmark Elläda Espafra France Belgiö Deutschland A I 2 J a 5 6 7 8 Graminae Festucapratensis Huds. 5 1 890 3 009 0 0 10 Poa pratensis L. 58 8 856 737 0 0 t4 Poa palustris & triviali 0 649 0 0 0 0 Lolium per. L. (high persistence) 303 t8 144 4 277 0 0 1315 Lolium per. L. (new var. and others) 186 0 3 643 0 45 l 523 Lolium per. L. (low persistence) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lolium multiflorum Lam. r 009 2 601 8 847 0 475 1882 Phleum pratense L. 0 412 | 421 0 0 1 Phleum bertolonii (DC) 0 8 0 0 0 0 Festuca rubra L. 0 15575 3 160 0 0 2725 Dactylis glomerata L. 0 0 260 0 45 3 295 Agrostis canina L. 0 r99 0 0 0 1 Agrostis gigantea Roth. 0 9 0 0 0 0 Agrostis stolonifera L. 0 0 0 0 0 0 Agrostis capillaris L. 0 0 l0 0 0 0 Festuca ovina L. 82 973 | 517 0 0 203 Lolium X hybridum Hausskn. I 455 r43 0 0 282 Arrhenatherum elatius L-P 0 0 r66 0 0 0 Festuca arundinacae Schreb. 0 55 5 1 25 2 203 Poa nemoralis L. 0 0 0 0 0 0 Festololium 0 0 39 0 0 0 2. Leguminosae Pisum sativum L. partim 0 lt 842 4 819 l9 0 22 598 Vicia faba L. partim 0 r02 2775 0 0 567 Vicia sativa L. I 0 306 66 6 131 2 259 Vicia villosa roth. 0 0 130 0 3r6 68 Trifolium pratense L. t2 306 | 316 0 0 3 807 Trifolium repens L. 0 3 088 498 0 0 6 Trifolium repens L. giganteum 0 0 340 0 0 0 Trifolium alexandrinum L. 0 0 0 t7 0 0 Trifolium hybridum L. 0 I 0 0 0 2 Trifolium incarnatum L. 0 0 r34 0 0 1089 Trifolium resupinatum L. 0 0 0 0 0 204 Medicago sativa L. (ecotype) 0 0 0 0 I 782 0 Medicago sativa L. (varieties) 0 0 52 0 757 10151 Medicago lupulina L. 0 r60 0 0 0 0 Onobrichis viciifolia scop. 0 0 0 0 0 50 Hedysarium coronarium L. 0 0 0 0 0 0 3. Ceres Triticum spelta L. 400 0 375 0 0 0 Oryza sativa L. 0 0 0 200 0 600 - type japonica 0 0 0 0 l 205 0 - type indica 0 0 0 0 L 959 0 4. Oleagineae Linum usitatiss. (fibre flax) 5 608 0 4 0 0 8 746 Linum usitatiss. (seed flax) 9 42r 322 0 0 2251 Cannabis sativa L. 0 0 0 0 0 s33 Source.' European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture SEEDS T 12]5 EUR 12 0 I 0 106 0 12 5 033 0 0 0 4 t55 0 0 13820 0 0 0 0 0 0 649 285 0 52 0 0 3174 27 550 0 66 9 6 005 0 3 845 15322 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 478 419 2 573 0 | 272 20 556 0 0 4 7 0 208 2 053 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 4 806 0 744 27 010 a 0 34 0 J 0 0 3 637 0 0 0 0 0 142 342 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 94 0 0 r04 0 0 0 311 0 27 3 t79 0 0 5 93 0 268 | 247 0 0 0 0 0 0 r66 0 86 0 437 0 29 2 841 0 0 0 115 0 0 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 97 401 0 6 903 46 679 471 0 11 7T 0 8 694 12691 0 | 453 0 0 50 342 10608 0 I 0 0 25 0 540 a 0 r22 J 5 0 29 5 600 0 0 0 0 0 185 3 777 0 59 0 0 0 0 399 0 2 03r 0 0 l5 0 2 063 0 I 0 0 0 0 4 0 l 560 0 0 0 0 2 783 0 373 0 0 25 0 602 0 r0771 0 0 0 0 12553 0 3 951 0 0 0 0 149tl 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 0 68 0 0 0 0 118 0 t34 0 0 0 0 134 0 0 0 0 0 0 715 0 0 0 0 220 0 1 020 0 10t27 0 0 0 0 lr 332 0 2 329 0 0 0 0 4 288 0 3 588 2 342 20 288 23 0 5 986 9 0r2 0 0 0 533 T 1276 HOPS oo^ o^ .{ Oi \n \ \ t l"-, @ @ o\ lo\ @ co cl,)- coo tr- F 6l6 c.l col - $ c\ - I I t- I I N I I I o\ c.l $oo \ö t*- co c1^) ca \o s N \n ca $ |,- tr- oo C.l s \o ca C\ co (n \n @co cn öl o\ F- -f,o s |.ai öl c.l c.l \n L \n s tr- \.} tr- -f, * rr C.l @ cr) cj F- öl l-r \o \o tt- c\ C.l @ ca oo* s ca c] ca *\nOO(nÖla c\löt\Oa O\ t''- c'l O -i a e? c{ cl \o- \n c.l o\ c-i co o ca \o $ \ö c.l C-ll--COF c.l I l'll-l I $ \o^o^qq-ic?\-i s ca ::=9!:o\l ca -i cl $- c.l o^ q $^ _$- oo toood\o$\ös\o oo --*Fl*- t-- v1 v? -i c.} v1 o{ o^ -i t-- c.l \nc..]Jst\cÖÖlt öl --*H- c?o-c?\o^=qq!]? \o\odc-l\ocao\o *Fi--Ffl- ca -i\o{o-o^\o{c'} q + \odjo<>tr-$\n $ I tll I oo $o\oocaooaF- $ ooca\nF-caO\n ca O\ F< \O C-l Fr Fi s t*r -cq (-- öl c.l o.l ct) A T qi s L t lr) o\\nc'loca*\oo\ It t-- @ =ält#so\s \o *i oo oo Cr)-CO L c\ N c.l äo F- .- L € ooooo\c.l\ooca $ 9 C(^) \r Ca) F( a Fi rr \n '-- t-- o\:\oc{$ \n 0) -a I @ C.l # Ca oo C) c'l c\ C.l ra ti 0) ar I L F- \Ot--$-O\*- oo I l.n oo F.i o\ o\ t-- \n fr r< + 0) - t-- \n Cn \n - tf) \n oo C] - CA oo ö.1 Fl C\i c.I i -q) .9ö .- 3.9 \n S 6 c! (/ lV. o> q) ü :(): F U tr J o>) rYl trq) rrt äo cg r{ fo o-q a1 x'3Pao -c L A v p;v glo J - JR o€gbb€ .. (,) t- otrtr-() -r öod -dc,'tr.: Pä t-ü* 0 ^ ,FE.Anö€ q + /ln /n rr'l HOPS TI2]] ,J? .o^ \ o- q o- q v? (\OcaO\-o.l*O s l.o o\ lo\ co F 6l6 rTl rl I - t- \a rr)\f,OoooOOO ol c? \o^ q o^ o^ oo^ c{ O\#O\\.o-f,d\O\n OO-tn#I/^) -\OölC\ F-*oo r+Oo.lor-OOO \o^v?q-in"o^qo^ r4*tr-t--\OO\O- O\carnO\- * t-- * c\| O\#OO r^ ,rl .? v? $^ \o^ o- 1 c? -r + Ca \O \l.) CO t-- tt- O\c{O\O\n - O\ * C.i tr--@ ricA\OOF-OOO v?qoq\vlo-a\ - ri O \O F* t-- t-- ra, cca\o\ooo * t-- * C.l OO*OO c.I \o^ oo" o{ \o^ x x x Oi O'l C'l \f, t rttl lr)$\noor- .o^ c1 o^ ,rI oo- tr*-t--<-\O o..l ca o\ \o OO*t--#Otr-O.l q€-o-s^ao"=qq @*c{\o\n\o\oo C'.l tr) \O oO \n cr) o] @ cr) -i \O tt* ca O o{ O O C-l =1: \ c.{ v? n" oo- \o- \ @+\O\ncaO]\OO Ctl cA tr- O\ \O O\ c.l O\ #- \O O\ C.i oO rn O O oO vl -i \o- oo- oo- \ \ \ A*\r)\OO\\O\O\.o C.] $ O\ O\ *r o c.] o co c.l F qJ L F + O L (J €E€'O ! .* .i ri (.)OOO a - add - xo-o-o-o-.S*! H gE E E € 6.) E CJ I .t L)ll tttl (, Ftt tl I q) v vt4 .iV I I F I u'eäg cg = B ts 9) c! üäE U - EliqiOq-i {.)q) r! L G = O U a - =x &€ ojl /n^r- obo -'{ l-t v + xxx r!3 /: ? $ttrSll + t q T1278 HoPS 4.10.5.1 Market price for hops 7,e.nLner= 50 ks % TAV 1994/95 t99t/92 t992t93 t993/94 1994/95 lgw% I 2 3 A 5 6 EUR 15 (no contract) ECU r23 X EUR 15 (under contract) ECU 161 X Total ECU 153 X Belgique/Belgiö BFR 7 584 9769 4685 5 157 10,1 BR Deutschland DM 380 310 263 288 9,5 Espafra PTA 23 619 21 703 23 356 19466 - 16,7 France FF l s39 1 569 | s49 1 330 - l4,l Ireland IRL 222 233 225 172 - 23,6 Östeneich ÖS :::3867 X Portugal ESC 10039 33727 15000 12430 - 17,1 United Kingdom UKL 160 r72 r28 146 14,l EUR 12 (no contract) ECU 165 168 66 123 86,4 EUR 12 (under contract) ECU r67 160 158 r59 0,6 Total ECU 165 l6l Il7 r52 29,9 Source; European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. FIBRE FLAX, COTTON AND SILKWORMS TI2]9 \q\ ca ca eo c.l .f, c] +ca* $ l.o (\l O\ lO\ c..l c{ F o lo s - t- \O*-@O\*H ^i+$oo*olF- i.'lo$o*o\o $oo*\Oca*ts cao cASF-- sf,\O$oO(\l** .;(n.ocoooo H-+$ooo\ln ocj castr)\nc..l* r-- -f, tr- -Oca\n C.lO\\O*oO\O* jt--\O*CioOO b,ScoooStr-cQ ca $ c..l \O c'.1 # \O** O\ Ca \n \nOO\$\OO\ca -i=**\91 oq oo- ca $- c1 c.l -i lr)c.)l.)c{$nca C..i-f,$$-** Oc.l\O\O\nOF- ,i\OOtn*C.i\O Ytnoo\o$*t-* \OSOca** -caStr- OO $ \O C\i O\ - C] cö=ss6ääH $OO\c.l* O\ ca -+ OO\t--caln*co ,XcioLr)+c]tr- XOOcaooo\'f, lRsc'r- c.l * € n\Oootr-*oO c) -( O -+ t-- \O O t-* 1l t t:+*ca+O\O sl OOO\*Cq-- E -f tr- ca .- c{* ä0 €/ oot--O\oOO\oOO T odc>c.idic.i-i c€ C.t C.l C.l - - - E€) A E A E .- \OO\tr)C\loOO- a0 ^iScacaoo*\O F ts u$\osoo\o t- ca*\o\/fca-- Ft J :s€ I \o c.l oo \o \ö tr) \o ra.a j O\ O\ C'.1 oO O\ O\ va*t.)ootr-oo-f, I caO\$\,^)Cj- (-- # C{ CH O\ cA [n -v - C.IOO\oo\Ot.nO\ q) :\ttaltr)ca\nn .- a.lSCOScntr-C{ h ca o c.l \n$o E t-- C..l \f, F- 6 O$t---OO\ at .-iOt--cr)OO\ca - \O oo (n ü O\ c.l O\ .- c.ltr)F-ooc.l* :, t-- O \O I- \o Ct..l co -J tt A x i CE q) F L -A I : -äaüi;ÄöAHd^A lj g a E ;E = g =E F -*=E E - 3'5oFE:'5o=E- iiE='5oU6='äoö + {&t TI28O FIBRE FLAX. CoTToN AND SILKwoRMS no.o"v?$"x o? \o^o"qq\x cl \o(n\örno t-- C.lOC.l-OO s öl c.l \n c{ $ öl c.l=$$ =q\qo^ol *\OOOoo v? $NO\OO\ ,ri +dc.id,ri cn \O \n ö,1 \n r- co t o^ c{ o- q oo" v)c1 $"O.q\ oq \OoOO f- O O\ ca a.l 6 \NF.N \n \o 6 C-l ca O\O!nc\r-O\ co\n\n\o$- d c.i .ri ,ri i d $ rJdd-lc.id + \nFr* co $ c\l c.l tq qqc?\o^\n" oo- c{ oo^ c? c{ a $rtoo\n\nO c.loFr\n\no \n oo$ca f- -\n t-- cq t 'rlqx C.l Ca Ct^r O\ öl \q.l t oO oO t-- cA \ocj$\öo - ct'l tttl | tl \NOOOO vvvvv I=\ntf)O\n c.i c'i c.i + c.i \ntr)\nF\O Fi-#Fi* vvvvv v1 \o"€-oo^q .A \o \o \o t-- \o = 112 = S o^ o{ c\ o^ o^ c{ oo- o^ oo^ vl c? o^ \n \o \o \n \n \o OO\öO\@O r- \o \o \o \o \o --* ,ri v? v1 ,q o- v? \o^ c? o^ o^ =q \o^ F- öl c{ tr- \n c.] c-lcO(ö$Nco @oo@oooo@ *FlF-HFl oo^ o^ o- c{ n" v? @OOÖI\f,\N *oo\o\o$ -idd\dvj+ cA\nF-cacAO ca\nFcacoo *l- r+ trr c{v1 \o"v}\ cj (n t\ o \n t'- tO-O$t-- -idJd$r.: #\n# -\öFi X v?o{o^\cl c{ \n c\ o t-- ca c-l s OO O F.i \O cA öl od d -i .d c.i c.i - ca co c) -L I|r - oo^v1 o^aqa oo^v?o^-iq1 CH \OO#ca0lO \OOFtcOC.lO Ct^) co .-I € v1 I \ \o- o^ v1 c{ o. \ \o^ o" c{ o^ - O\O*O\-f,O O\O-O\$O =l ca ca L A. -x t :S !S I ty &ü i-r F-) ;l PD rr"l rr'l rrl fTl -q) ol 6 6g q) lr igEE :0)EF aod€ üF€ o-qbo 6=do Spaoq cog= ol ; Es S\LJ + 2 EE t ; +4 : EJqOEÄ9IEE ä4,ä6.,S \'toFrJHgg _sTäc/.tr;j'= so,F&Eütr? EEö EEE + tr d ö E ü z 5 CcoOcoEz:l FIBRE FLAX, COTTON AND SILKWORMS TI28I 4.11.1.3 Output of silkworm cocoons and number of boxes of silkworm eggs used Quantity VoTAY 1994 t99l t992 1993 1994 tg% I 2 -i A 5 6 7 Silkworm cocoons EUR 15 X (ke) Elläda 30829 25 055 29 000 30 000 3,4 France 1238 1187 1504 1123 -)57 Italia 430r 13447 2t 74r 5 966 - 72,6 EUR 12 36368 39 689 52245 37 089 - 29,0 Boxes of silkworm eggs EUR 15 X Elläda r 505 I ls8 | 255 t 304 3,9 France 60 57 92 52 - 43,5 Italia 2234 2 t52 | 877 251 - 86,6 EUR 12 3 t99 3 394 3 299 r 607 - 51,3 Source.' European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. 4.11.3.1 Imports of flax straw into Belgium France 34015 28897 28858 28779 - 0,3 Nederland 12122 7 278 I 986 3 589 80,7 46 r37 36 r75 30844 32368 4,9 Source: European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. T1282 FIBRE FLAX. COTTON AND SILKWORMS 4.11.3.2 Intra-EU trade and external trade in cotton fibre (') 1994 1g% Intra-EU EUR 15 trade (2) BLEU/UEBL 8 9 9 20 122,2 BR Deutschland 20 13 7 9 29,6 Ellfida 0 0 1 0 X Espafla 2 1 5 7 40,0 France T4 ll 18 2l 16,7 Ireland 3 2 1 4 300,0 Italia 13 10 24 4l 70,9 /t Nederland 1 I 2 J 50,0 Östeneich -: X Portugal 4 6 J 100,0 Suomi/Finland : X Sverige : : : X United Kingdom I I I 0,0 EUR 12 57,7 EUR 15 Imports BLEUruEBL 32 32 29 33 13,9 Danmark 4 4 4 5 25,0 BR Deutschland l9l 189 158 168 6,3 Ell6da 26 20 7 5 - 29,6 Espafla 85 82 79 r02 29,l France 101 l14 110 t26 14,5 Ireland 2l l4 15 t4 - 6,7 Italia 309 304 302 307 1,7 - a Nederland 2 J 2 J 50,0 Ösßrreich : : X Portugal t52 158 154 r52 - 1,3 Suomi/Finland : X Sverige : X United Kingdom 28 115,4 EUR 12 8,2 EUR 15 Exports BLEU/UEBL I 0 I 4 300,0 BR Deutschland t4 t7 8 9 12,5 Elläda 65 44 106 107 0,9 - Espafla 13 t2 r6 J 81,3 France 2 4 6 7 t6,7 Italia 0 I 3 6 100,0 United Kingdom 0 0 0 I X EUR 12 Source: Eurostat. (r) Cotton, other than rendered absorbent or bleached. (2) Based on entries. FIBRE FLAX, COTTON AND SILKWORMS T/283 4.11.5.1 Producer prices for flax seed ECU/t(r) 7o TAY 1994/95 t991t92 1992/93 1993t94 1994/95 tggv% a 2 J 4 5 6 Belgique/Belgiö 118,22 118,46 126,30 125,16 - 0,4 Nederland 143,33 148,65 162,69 170,81 5,0 4.11.5.2 Flax tow prices ECU/t(1) 7o TAY 1994/95 t99U92 1992t93 1993/94 1994/95 tg%/% I 2 3 4 5 6 Belgique/Belgiö - water-retted Scutched flax: - average - low 757,3 745,2 1 065,6 | 374,0 28,9 - normal 888,1 863,3 1 166,8 | 493,2 28,0 - good r 212.1 1 181.1 r 393.6 r 682.r 20,7 FIBRE FLAX, COTTON AND SILKWORMS T1285 4.11.5.3 Ginned cotton, world prices (r) I 130,2 r21,2 89,5 82,5 101,0 137,'7 II 119,1 118,1 86,4 88,9 126,1 115,5 ilI 124,4 119,8 87,4 95,6 134,8 183,6 IV 127,1 128,7 89,4 95,1 131,6 r77,1 V 120,4 r27,4 99,9 90,9 138,2 195,6 VI 123,4 130,9 92,8 90,2 136,3 194,8 VII 129,9 r35,7 94,3 87,4 127,2 r94,8 VIII 127,2 123,9 83,8 92,1 117,7 140,9 IX 111,5 118,6 76,6 88,9 113,6 152,2 X 117,9 109,6 76,0 84,8 108,7 XI 1r7,4 106,0 75,8 84,5 109,7 XII 114,8 93.2 79,9 91,5 l19,l 7a TAY in relation to preceding year T1286 FEEDINGSTUFFS - FODDER 4.13.7.3 Industrial production of compound feedingstuffs, by species and by Member State EUR 15 Belgique/ BR Danmark Elläda Espafra (r) Belgiö Deutschland '7 8 I 2 J 4 5 6 Cattle (3) r992 36873 r 302 r 649 7 708 r 476 3 134 r993 37 350 r t64 | 706 7 936 | 502 2 930 ßea (p) 38 196 | 179 | 577 8 045 1 502(2) 3 2r5 r994 7oTAY 2,3 r,3 -7,6 1,4 0,0 9,7 r993 Pigs r992 40 472 2 9r9 3 295 6 737 610 5 39r 1993 42 382 3 130 3 62r 6 945 620 5 r20 l9ea(p) 4t 651 3 044 3 426 6 277 620(2) 5850 r994 %oTAY - r,7 a'7 - 5,4 - 9,6 0,0 14,3 r993 Poultry r992 32574 939 6r9 4 157 635 4 t29 r993 32730 1 004 622 4 073 650 4 050 19ea(p) 34 r28 | 340 635 4 076 650(2) 4 350 1994 VaTAY ??s 0,0 7,4 1993 4,3 2,1 0,1 Other r992 6 885 130 r29 536 40 I 146 r993 7 381 137 110 567 50 I 150 reea(p) 7 783 78 150 s83 50(2) I 342 1994 7o TAY r993 5,4 - 43,1 36,4 2,8 0,0 16,7 Total r992 r 16804 5 290 5 692 19138 276r 13800 r993 rr9 842 5 435 6 059 19 643 2 822 13250 rq94(p) Izt 755 5 641 5 788 19099 2 822(2) 14757 r994 7oTAY 1993 1,6 3,8 - 4,5 - 2,8 0,0 11,4 Source.' Fefac (r) Luxembourg not included. (2) 1993 data. (3) Including milk-replacer feed. FEEDINGSTUFFS - FODDER T1281 (t 000t) Suomi/ United France Ireland Italia Nederland Osterreich Portugal Sverige EUR 12 Finland Kingdom 9 l0 l1 t2 l3 14 l5 l6 tl l8 4 347 | 460 4 348 4739 157 I 119 421 940 4 073 35 355 4 423 l 685 4 004 4 805 160 | 0t2 399 I 110 4 392 35 681 4 580 I 845 3910 4 927 148 I 007 460 I t20 4 563 36 468 3,5 9,5 -) 7 2,5 - 7,5 - 0,5 15,3 0,9 3,9 )) 5 904 589 2 446 7 678 212 1 356 301 600 2 434 39 359 6 373 636 2 680 8 007 232 | 537 293 670 2 518 4t r87 6 439 640 2 540 7 650 237 I 485 294 660 2 489 40 460 1,0 0,6 - 4,5 )) - 3,4 0,3 - 1,5 1,2 - 1,8 7 675 396 4 306 3 536 463 t 241 r94 461 3 823 3t 456 7 999 43r 4 219 3 465 462 I 237 189 4t0 3 859 31 609 8 40s 450 4 390 3 500 449 r 274 r96 490 3 923 32 993 5,1 4,4 4,1 1,0 - 2,8 3,0 3,7 4,3 1,7 4,4 | 497 254 l 180 518 237 190 104 50 874 6 494 1 934 263 I 135 517 253 2r3 9I 50 911 6987 I 913 315 r 200 500 264 2r3 119 50 1 005 7 350 - 1,1 19,8 5,J - 3,3 4,3 0,0 30,8 0,0 10,3 \) 19423 2 699 12280 16471 | 069 3 906 1 020 2 051 rr 204 rr2 664 20729 3 015 12038 16794 T IO7 3 999 972 2 300 11679 rt5 463 21337 3 250 12040 t6 577 I 098 3 979 I 068 2 320 ll 980 r17 269 2,9 7,8 0,0 - 7,3 - 0,8 - 0,5 9.9 0,9 2,6 1,6 T1288 FEEDINGSTUFFS - FODDER 4.13.7.5 Use of cereals by the compound feedingstuffs industry 7c of production of compound feedingstuffs EUR I5 Belgique/Belgiö 12,1 t2,6 14,4 16,6 640 670 780 930 19,2 Danmark 25,3 26,7 28,4 33,3 | 290 | 520 | 730 1 930 11,6 BR Deutschland 26,2 25,4 25,8 28,4 5 340 4 860 5 090 5 430 6,7 Espafla 40.9 38,0 41,0 39,2 5 680 5250 5 450 5 800 6,4 France 30,9 30,7 32,5 37,1 5 880 5 960 6730 7 9r0 17,5 Ireland 25.8 26,7 26,0 21,6 670 720 780 910 16,7 Italia 46,1 46,3 45,8 45,8 5 850 5 700 5 500 5 500 0,0 Nederland 14.2 14,7 14,5 15,2 2 280 2 420 2 440 2 530 3,7 Östeneich :::: X Portugal 29,8 25,6 25,0 28,5 930 1000 1080 ll40 5,6 SuomilFinland X Sverige :::: :::: X United Kingdom 36,1 32,4 31,8 33,1 3 780 3 630 3120 3970 6,7 EUR 12 (t) 28.7 28J 28,8 30,7 32340 31730 33300 36050 8,3 Source; Fefac. (r) Greece and Luxembourg not included. FEEDINGSTUFFS - FODDER T1289 4.13.1.7 Production of dehydrated fodder (excl. potatoes) 1000t VoTAY 1994t95 1991/92 1992t93 t993/94 1994/95 lgw% I z a J 4 5 6 EUR 15 X BLEU/UEBL 7887 - 12,5 Danmark 335 307 342 297 - 13,2 BR Deutschland 370 410 442 4tg -5)v Elläda )- 20 28 36 4l 30,6 Espafra 794 1081 1413 1436 1,6 France I 360 | 494 I 415 I 340 - 5,3 Ireland 4455 0,0 Italia 463 s28 526 5r4 -) 7 Nederland 245 267 29r 250 - l4,I Österreich X Portugal - 33,3 Suomi/Finland : X Sverige** 15 l1 11 9 - lg,2 United Kingdom 89 109 95 94 - 1,1 EUR 12 3 687 4236 4576 4 4tr - 3,6 source; European commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. 4.13.7.8 EU supplies of dehydrated and dried fodder EUR 15 1000r VoTAY t99l 1992 1993 r994 1994 (') (') (') (')(p) 1g% z J 4 5 6 Production .)a - 4 118 4682 4996 4884 LtL Imports 82 rr2 13 21 61,5 Exports 59 62 r07 148 38,3 Availabilities 4l4l 4732 4902 4757 - 3,0 Sources; Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General for Asriculture. (r) EUR t2. TI29O FEEDINGSTUFFS - FODDER 4.13.t.g Area, yield and production of dry pulses, feed peas and field beans Area 1 ü)0 ha VoTAY 1994 1992 1993 1994 r 991 tg% A 7 1 5 6 I 2 | 452 I 387 - 4.5 Dried pulses, total EUR I5 | 344 - 33,3 Belgique/Belgiö 5 696 106 - 12,4 Danmark 99 118 r2r 48 41 89 94 5,6 BR Deutschland -20,0 Elläda 4 554 rr4 256,3 Espafla 34 30 32 - 10,2 France 611 7t4 753 676 - 16,7 Ireland I 265 - 6,5 Italia ltl 103 93 87 0,0 Nederland 7 744 48 -1)7 Österreich** 57 55 - 89,5 Portugal 20 17192 - 53,8 Suomi/Finland** ll 16136 _ aaa Sverige 23 1491 LL,L 228 - 6,6 United Kingdom 203 208 244 - EUR 12 r 209 | 257 | 375 | 326 3,6 X Feed peas EUR 15 - 42,9 Belgique/Belgiö 45 74 - 12,6 Danmark 98 rrl 19 104 64 8,5 BR Deutschland 24 29 59 0,0 Elläda 0l 11 850,0 Espafra t8 816 - 10,3 France 650 695 37 66r 0,0 Ireland 1l ll .ta a Italia 13 ll 91 0,0 Nederland 55 33 38 - 13,6 Österreich** 38 43 44 0,0 Portugal 00 00 - 53,8 Suomi/Finlandxx 11 16 136 X Sverige - 1,2 United Kingdom 12 79 81 -) ? EUR 12 874 951 1025 1 001 X Field beans EUR 15 0,0 Belgique/Belgiö ll22 0,0 Danmark r122 24 18 30 30 0,0 BR Deutschland -25,0 Elläda 4443 2t 22 21 22 4,8 Espafla - t7 14 13 11 15,4 France -20,0 Ireland 0154 - 4,9 Italia 101 89 81 77 0,0 Nederland 22ll - 9,1 Österreich** :1411l0 - 94,1 Portugal n17lll X Suomi/Finland X Sverige -9,2 United Kingdom 13r r2g 163 148 - EUR 12 325 298 339 301 ll,2 Source ; European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. FEEDINGSTUFFS - FODDER TI29I Production VoTAY 47,8 44,0 44,9 - 44,1 1,8 24 26 38 26 - 31,6 42,1 25,9 - 37,6 36,0 4,3 4r7 305 456 380 - l6,J 33,5 2g,g 32,6 34,3 5) 161 137 290 322 l l,0 25,0 22,7 21,2 - 20,0 5,7 10 ll l1 7 - 36,4 13,5 I2,7 -)) I2,2 9,5 1 46 38 39 108 176,9 47,7 46,1 50,7 50,9 0,4 3198 3293 3811 3437 - 9,9 44,9 42,0 47,g 49J 1,9 682923 -20,7 18,1 l7,g - l5,g 15,5 1,9 212 183 146 135 -7,5 44,1 42,1 47,0 - 46,3 1,5 31 30 19 19 0,0 XXXX X : 168 136 160 17,6 8,7 4,1 g,0 - 9,4 4,8 177162 - 87,5 25,0 19,0 - 23,0 22,0 4,3 28 29 30 14 -533 XXXX X :::: X 34,3 33,9 - 39,7 31.7 lg,l 697 706 944 724 -)7? 39,9 37,9 42,2 3g.l 48t9 4746 5799 5 183 - 10,6 50,0 44,7 46,0 46,0 0,0 20 22 32 l8 * 43,9 42,1 25,9 37,6 36,0 - 4,3 4r3 302 448 373 - 16,7 30,4 26,9 30,2 33,0 9,3 73 78 r78 2tl lg,5 x 33,3 20,0 20,0 0,0 0321 - 50,0 18,6 l3,g 13,g 10,0 -)7 5 13 ll ll 76 590,9 48,1 46,5 51,0 51,2 0,4 3 126 3230 3 758 3 383 _ 10,0 44,9 36,0 37,0 40,0 8,1 4442 - 50,0 33,8 32,5 30,7 33,0 44 35 29 23 -20,7 41,6 42,0 44,5 45,0 l,l 2t 2t t3 14 J,7 35,0 31,0 24,0 34,0 41,7 133 137 r07 133 24,3 XXXX X 0000 0,0 25,0 19,0 23,0 22,0 - 4,3 28 29 30 t4 - 53,3 XXXX X :::: X 38,0 33,0 - 41,0 34.0 17,l 274 261 332 273 - 17,8 45,6 41J 46,9 43.7 3 988 3 967 4 807 4 37s 38,9 40,0 40,0 40,0 0,0 4467 16,7 42,1 25,9 - 3J,6 36,0 4,3 4387 - 12,5 36,7 33,3 - 37,3 37,0 0,9 88 60 rt2 111 - 0,9 25,0 20,0 21,4 - 20,0 6,5 10896 - 33,3 12,2 12,3 - 10,4 10,0 3,9 33 2t 22 22 0,0 37,6 37,1 36,2 38,7 6,9 64 52 47 43 - 8,5 45,0 49,0 50,0 50,0 0,0 252521 - 16,0 16,2 16,2 14,0 14,0 0,0 164 r44 ll3 108 - 4,4 50,4 42,5 - 55,0 50,0 9,1 10965 - 16,7 X 22,0 27,0 26,0 - 3,J :302926 -7,1 8,8 4,1 -2,4 8,2 8,0 157t40 - 100,0 X X X X X :::: X X X X X x :::: X 7)) 34,5 37,5 30,4 - 1g,g 423 445 612 451 - 26,3 25,1 25,6 29,7 25,9 8t7 764 974 781 - 19,8 T/292 FEEDINGSTUFFS - FODDER 4.13.1.12 Cif offer price (Rotterdam) for soya cake (ECU/L00ks) 18,85 20,24 15,48 I 17,86 19,82 26,r0 18,66 15,33 17,07 18,62 19,90 15,72 II 18,29 19,62 25,08 17,64 15,41 17,65 15,98 ru 17,62 20,04 26,24 17,88 16,21 17,56 l'7,92 19,49 20,02 16,05 IV 17,83 20,57 25,73 17,85 17 17,53 17,59 "38 19,52 14,50 V 11,95 21,80 24,55 17,75 18,32 17,33 18,10 18,37 VI 19,85 28,18 24,93 16,70 19,31 77,14 18,41 16,78 : VII 19,55 21,30 23,79 16,52 17,37 16,46 21,92 16,34 VIII 18,54 26,29 20,73 15,84 16,99 16,00 21,28 16,20 : IX 18,93 27,32 21,38 16,32 17,79 15,85 19,61 15,18 X 19,53 26,05 2r,37 16,27 17,86 16,51 18,81 14,96 : XI 20,20 24,64 20,91 15,25 17,25 17,31 19,91 15,61 XII 20,63 24,60 19,75 15,36 16,77 18,39 19,74 Averase 12 months 7o TAY compared with previous year Source: Eurostat. MEAT IN GENERAL T1293 4.14.1.1 Gross internal production and consumption of meat (r) EUR 15(2) Relative share (Va\ 1000r VoTAY 1994 1991 t992 1993 t994 1991 1992 t993 1994 tg% I 2 4 5 6 1 8 9 l0 Gross internal production - pigmeat 42,4 42,6 44,9 44,9 14339 t4444 15264 15 126 - 0,9 - beef/veal 25,7 24,9 22,9 2r,g 8 705 8 378 7 743 7 380 - 4,J - poultrymeat 20,0 20,5 20,4 21,4 6755 6932 6914 7194 4,0 - sheepmeatand goatmeat 3,6 3,5 3,4 3,4 | 22t | 182 | 169 | 142 -) 7 - equine meat 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 46 49 49 48 -) 1 - other 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,4 767 817 833 813 -) 4 Total 94,0 g4,l g4,l 94,1 31833 31802 3197r 31702 - 0,8 Edible offals 6,0 5,9 5,9 5,9 2020 2 000 1994 | 974 - 1,0 Total 100 100 100 100 33 853 33 802 33 966 33 677 - 0,9 Meat consumption kg/tread prgmeat 42,6 43,3 44,3 43,9 39,8 40,9 41,7 40,6 - 2,6 beef/veal 23,8 22,9 22,9 22,5 22,2 21,6 21,6 20,9 -?) poultrymeat 19,9 20,0 lg,5 20,6 18,6 1g,g 19,4 lg,l 3,8 sheepmeatand goatmeat 4,5 4,5 4,2 4,2 4,2 4,2 4,0 3,9 -) \ equine meat 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,4 - 8,3 other 2,6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,5 -) ? Total 93,8 g3,g 94,2 94,3 87,7 gg,5 gg,7 97,4 - 1,5 Edible offals 6,2 6,2 5,9 5,7 5,8 5,9 5,4 5,3 - 2,6 Total 100 100 100 100 93,5 94,3 94,2 92,7 - 1,5 s o urce .' European commission, Directorate-General for Asriculture. (r) Carcass weight for meat. (2) EUR 12. T1294 MEAT IN GENERAL/BEEF 4.14.3.1 Net balance of external trade (t) in meat (2) and self-sufficiency Self-sufficiency (7o) Meat (2) : 106,6 - pigmeat 567 39r 199 926 104,5 r02,9 106,2 101,7 - beef/veal 790 75t 729 688 113,5 112,0 104,0 107,7 - poultrymeat 326 361 504 498 105,4 105,8 108,1 - sheepmeatand 82,9 goatmeat - 239 - 256 - 240 - 236 83,6 82,4 93,0 - 31,3 - equine meat - t4l = 129 - rll 105 24,6 27,3 29,4 92,7 - other -64 - 57 - 60 -64 92,3 93,5 93,3 Total t239 1061 1615 1708 105,2 104,5 103,8 103,6 107,0 Edible offals 13 - 18 101 130 100,6 99,1 105,3 Total 1 252 1 043 | 716 | 837 r04,0 r04,2 103,9 103,8 Sourc e.' European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (1) Exports minus imports. (2) Including live animals, carcass weight equivalent. (3) EUR 12. BEEF/VEAL T/295 4.15.0.1 Cattle numbers (December of previous year) 1 000 head 7o of EUR 15 VoTAY 1995 1992 t993 1994 1995 r995 1g% 1 2 a 4 5 6 7 EUR 15** 86 944 84 694 83895 84 305 100,0 0,5 Belgique/Belgiö 3 106 3 094 3 079 3 109 3,7 1,0 Danmark 2 222 2 t80 2 115 2 082 2,5 - 1,6 BR Deutschland r7 134 16 202 15897 15962 18,9 0,4 Elläda 63r 629 608 602 0,7 - 1,0 Espafla 5 046 4 957 5 000 5 060 6,0 1,2 France 20 970 20 329 20 099 20 524 24,3 2,1 Ireland 6 158 6 260 6 304 6 406 J,6 1,6 Italia 8 087 7 696 7 561 7 304 8,7 - 3,4 Luxembourg 205 195 200 198 0,2 - 1,0 Nederland 4 876 4 794 4 629 4 588 5,4 - 0,9 Österreich** 2 534 2 401 2 334 2 329 2,9 - 0,2 Portugal I 381 | 345 | 323 1 262 1,5 - 4,6 Suomi/Finland** | 263 | 232 | 230 l 185 1,4 - 3,7 Sverige** | 707 r 175 l 807 | 826 )) 1,1 United Kingdom tr 624 l1 605 11709 11868 14,l 1,4 EUR 12 81 440 79 286 78 524 78 965 93,7 0,6 Source.' Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General for Asriculture T1296 BEEFA/EAL .+- ct .1 o- v1 oo- \o".o" q. \ x o- Q x al o c-t c-t o öt C) \n o d o \o - Ö.1 $ l-, O\ 15 tllll F e s le "c $- co- oq d] q v? o" " €" €" " O- {Q-qqaa--o"'c'o 1 n" \ c$c)c.r+\nc.rcoi is n s3:5tte8FK ES ä ö+ö*orot..,iiÄc -3c s J ot co öl öl ca ca öi ca ca öl öl öl " oo-qv1 "a\f ti ct o- dl \o" $" q \o" \o" \ n" \o^ c{ €- q 1o-q1'o-q? crj * O \O F- öl 6 oO \O ca c.l S qa * e$sü ä to öt * * rr öl @ ca öl ta t I ol €+ssRRg3Rfl + Ä ö c.t c.i co co öl co ca c'l a.l öl c-'l ****#***** ti "ooca$F- q o^ ci o" =q \o" oo^ \ " o"el 1clc1 \o"qc.1 r-.f, 1 \ - I 3 ddj$$$EsäN H+is 3SN+AiSSen Sgrs + Ä co c.l ci ca ca c{ Öl c') c{ c.l c'l Öl ***+**-*H ,qo-o-\"1 c1 " c{v1 oo-oo-olo"oq\qv1 " o"c1 c.}o- c.ivl ?q \q3q" od€ r-,ri,n e e? g g !88+5+R$3! F$83 inca-ölölc-l-___ il B; ä ? .+ N ö N N ci co N c.r ca c'l öl öl c'l q c.l o1 c.) -i o- o^ ri \,q \ x I ? "1 ,rj 6 o, c.t =f rn c> c{ tn $ öl O O rn 3g33Q+3$3Rt'R3Rfoot rirrrr*rrtltl 'rrr tl il + ca oo $ öl öt lr) * o\ o " t-- o\ Y) o\ g6:$ä:*s*r'fr'-gN s$$8 ca\Ö*co# €ssKss+s-K c!** $*Ca*C.1*CO o,l cO - - .i t-- O $ O ..) (-.l C.l öl E\ S \O el \n I- o q) - FRilrgF*!*se*=$gra) *H c! FgERääFARäE$8$ä cA lr) cO C'l-H I l/.) (\.1 $#C.) + CA E s I c! -o ct I 6=fi8S5=eX:D€ES€ BRSür3-3*;RpSil$tn *H F t \O + $ S r.) ca \O co I F ooO,ö ö,\b tr* t * .- \o * I c! q) I A o- q) L c-'l xl x.,* ,- ,- !4 !( +) - twxtr=, E !a =:(.)=*Xlrl X ie E ü.5 - f, -^bo(!=g r,lw-V E H6=90*ä99 1116=poxFqP a c! E e: t*E ä:ä-Frü B"E ä:ä=E+ü gr 'r^tr!==Eä.8g€EEtr'Ejj3 F Ä o ,E e f € P SE I'r a g a EE €'EE e E E E äE rE ä0 g F jg,8& E ü,äÄ3 E i 2,88 ä äs .-I äÄsäfiÄ3E aäs A L €q) -?1 ä0 a !a - ! -c{ a a= c) - a - '?'i po ,r; IF + q BEEF/VEAL T/297 4.15.1.2 Net production of beef/veal (adult bovine animals and calves) (1) I 000 t (r) VoTAY 1994 r991 1992 1993 t994 1g% 2 -t 4 5 6 7 Adult bovine animals EUR 15X. 8362 8029 7 4r8 X Belgique/Belgiö 316 293 305 288 - 5,6 Danmark 2rl 216 202 184 - 8,9 BR Deutschland 2 lo4 r 761 I 538 r 358 - rl,7 Elläda 74 69 64 63 - 1,6 Espafra 493 524 476 469 - 1,5 France | 57r I 588 1432 l 362 - 4,9 Ireland 554 s65 526 445 - 15,4 Italia 967 l 010 994 979 - 1,5 Luxembourg 8 6 - 14,3 Nederland 447 45r 424 4t0 -11 Österreichx* 227 230 242 X Portugal 119 t14 r07 87 - 18,7 Suomi/Finlandx* t22 tl7 106 X Sverigexx r32 r25 137 : X United Kingdom I 017 959 858 924 77 EUR I2 8362 8029 7 418 6575 - rl,4 Calves EUR I5*' 864 861 832 X Belgique/Belgiö 57 59 61 6l 0,0 Danmark I I I 5 400,0 BR Deutschland 76 67 66 62 - 6,1 Elläda 8 ll t2 l2 0,0 Espafia ll 10 9 4 - 55,6 France 289 289 272 265 -2,6 Ireland 0 0 0 0 0,0 Iralia 2t4 207 194 194 0,0 Luxembourg 0 0 0 0 0,0 Nederland 176 184 187 194 Österreich** l7 t7 r6 X Portugal 8 9 8 7 - 1?5 SuomiiFinland** 0 0 0 X Sverige** 5 5 5 X United Kingdom 2 2 I 0,0 EUR 12 864 86r 832 805 -3) Beef/veal EUR 15+ 9226 8 890 8239 7 855 - 4,7 Belgique/Belgiö 373 352 366 349 - Danmark 4,6 212 2r7 203 189 - 6,9 BR Deutschland 2 t81 | 829 | 604 r 420 - Elläda I1,5 81 79 76 75 - Espafra 1,3 504 535 485 472 -)'l France l 860 1 877 | 704 | 627 - Ireland 4,5 554 564 526 445 - Iralia 15,4 I t82 | 218 I 187 | t73 - Luxembourg r,2 8777 Nederland 0,0 623 635 611 604 - Österreich** l,l 244 247 248 227 - Portugal 8,5 126 r23 I 15 94 - SuomilFinland** lg,3 122 II7 106 107 Sverige** 0,9 r37 130 r42 r4I - United Kingdom 0,7 l 0r9 960 859 925 7,7 EUR I2 9 226 8 890 8239 7 855 - 4,7 NB:These figures do not correspond to gross domestic production;for this see Table 4.14.1.1 . Source: Eurostat. (1) Total slaughterings of animals including those of foreign origin. (2) Carcass weight. T1298 BEEFA/EAL countries(r) 4.15.2.1 World production and production of principal beef/vealproducing/exporting 53605 52745 53220 0,9 World 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 54465 - 8 396 7 7r0 7 380 4,3 - EUR 12 16,0 15,7 74,6 13,9 8723 246 222 21r - 5,0 - Austria 0,4 0,5 0,4 0,4 244 130 l4l r42 0,7 - Sweden 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,3 r37 ll7 106 r07 0,9 - Finland 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 122 - 8 889 8 r79 7 840 4,r - EUR 15 16,9 16,6 15,5 14,7 9226 l0 6l I l0 584 11r94 5,8 - USA 19,3 19,8 20,1 21,0 l0 534 7 30s 6 840 6 600 - 3,5 - CIS 15,2 13,6 13,0 12,4 8 260 3062 3 005 3 160 5,2 - Brazil (2) 5,3 5,7 5,7 5,9 2 885 2 487 2 508 2474 - 1,4 - Argentina 4,8 4,6 4,9 4,6 2 607 332 314 372 19,5 - Uruguay 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,7 310 I 834 1 814 | 827 0,7 - Australia 3,2 3,4 3,4 3,4 1749 52s 582 579 - 0,5 - New Zealand 1,0 1,0 1,1 1,1 532 1 808 2341 2455 4,9 - Peop. Rep. China 2,8 3,4 4,4 4,6 | 545 898 883 9r7 3,9 - Canada 1,6 1,7 1,7 r,7 867 | 247 1256 1330 5,9 )) -r" )7 2,5 1 187 - Mexico Lr- 2,4 670 573 609 6,3 - Colombia 1,4 1,2 I,1 1,1 760 546 454 429 - 5,5 - Poland 1,2 1,0 0,9 0,8 644 2 398 2 458 2 496 1,5 - India 4,3 4,5 4,J 4,7 2 361 592 594 602 1,3 - Japan 1,1 1,1 I,1 1,1 575 7rs 534 436 - 18,4 - South Africa 1,3 r,3 1,0 0,8 703 167 152 144 -s3 - Switzerland 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 170 110 96 86 - 10,4 - Hungary 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 126 84 83 87 4,8 - Norway 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 79 Sources: FAO and other intemational organizations (GATT)' (r) Net production. (2) New series as from 1991. BEEF/VEAL T1299 -tf-) 4 - nc?..? oo"o^\ o^c1 o^ t^ vl v1 vl \o^ oo^ -i c.i EEO C\| \f, a J -F N O\ C{ O\ O\ tn c.i ..i ca@oo\r-\n\o\o\o x- !:.o\cq ooo ooo+ Ö.t c.l c.l tn c\ oo =f, - Fi oftr \nS\l')Frf-oo\OC-lö $ co cj c.l t-r \o t-i $ oo co ö.J * ,-.i c.l c! öl öl t r-r r-.r C.l F< C.l CO C! C.) C) H^ o! ! > oo oo o\ CO c.) ,-r Fi FiO\O\FrOl-COO\\O !);'i- c) O O\ ä i ü* caOc\ cr1 0\ \o t-- @ t-i o &-(fiorO\O au! x OO OO \n\ns\o$c-l O\$rn\O-t-- E OQ Ü c\ r-r r-r C\ C-i| C.i * r-l Ac U E e.v- o0 c) EB Q)6 a _$" \ q oo^ q. o{ c{ \o" @OFrf-oO\O[noO\O >re !'- * -V OOOöl\.}ooc.i\Oo\ Fr öl t-.i CO CO CO \n |'.} ,9 95 ö $ '-H 9 ' =P r; e ö 8 o"c{\ o^c?q O\ \n Fi l- C.l t\ O\ O \-< \O F O\ N öi c.i oi CO f- OO \O l.n Fr 88K $ \O C.l cO cA C{ L +Rg =@$f-ooSO\t--O\ * ,-i Fi lj C{ C{ ca öi co OoooOC\iC\o.tOO F \-< Fl r-t q() = P'= o c?\ol ={cqrQ v,t-- ooof- l-NO\f_cOf_$\n\O aYX ,ric.ic.i 49-r Ots|.d odF+ € €$$ OO*FrF.r$Fi;r\1^1 C)o-'= ?8e s5n \-l\-l\-i L--H t-r r-r ,-i ca F< \n *.- J rv $ w N ::: ::: -H-*F,l* o63 o:- ", 'la? oqc?q qq\ i * r ffFz: \qq \q\ vlq\o^ EF.:U.9o t-- grJ :t cO F- f- \O rn C{ O\ c.) r sgF ä8S OO$.il-oocAFf-f-C-l cAcAca$cA.i- ,,l=äEcse \-r F< co c.r c.) $ -+ \n o_-\o-v? $^,rlq q1n \n \n o\ nqo^ qqq E gE \d c.i c.i (n cq F t-r \o o\ eäF 8frä nilR N00ca t--\nlnOcQoo f-ln\Oölf-CO\CAI.- ca :f, \n \-.i @ C-l \n CO F ca c\ ca ca cl.) co ca c\ ca co ca co = öo q.) E qo. co. c1 - a o? v1 q. \o^ \o- oOO\O$C{-C{Fi,-.i d)= \n !ttCl.o$O\\OooN \nOOooO\C-\O\ö\O$ a e !?.= oOFrO$cAFC-l f-oO\nC)F-O\O\ q H F.l -{ - \-i C.l C\l H Fi - * - * FA(g tr 0) O FX ell ^6o c.) c)L 3; .:9 qqn -ioo^c'l v?$^1 trl üi x \q? c1 \$. oo^ -i ,ri --.i 9Y [-OO\O$!n c.) \n \n -1 €>tr v $s8 BG3 cqx öo (n I < P.E cqtn@O\O\O\ö fr8S oo$\oc\oo F- öl C-l 'ö q) c-.1-t$\noo t'- S \n c.>.. a- - r-l F.l == ' 9 - - - Eb0 q) =c)() o>= g rx a äO(J y <.: d h v1 q \o^ q c\ o" q \o" \o" ,o il+ t- c{1oq \o^v? O\ Fr cA C-\nt\\nFtcor\tJ co co =f, o\ \n ,ri q) cö (n .+ c-l c.i o S O\ l-- O \n \O r/.) -f,d\O \ö t< A co -f, l- o.3 v U 6.'l \o l-- o\ oo J + [nc-o \nf-O a c! i-\-ic\c{ -F F-) f T l -J rYl rr'l I t+t r r'l I .i ,: öl l.- |rIF g a(€ d f i E Yti F ;9 & t,/^) nl .Y 0; = €A ö OX v li rrf E üv E t- a /,, HlqJ -r X Sm AE + r T'l äZ :- T/3OO BEEFA/EAL oc .'O : öt€O\caO$C{\nF " f cacoO\OölO-\Ol- O s3ä:333x= ä - cica -q l\ L R q ' "\ " "cl \o-vloo-c\\\o^oo"c{n" " q " *c.lot-f,-\o-\o"o^ 9l -i ro oc c.i ,r; i .-- r'- o "! n sss-xKgRx I ".i ! =" : cr) OO ca öl OO O\ O\ cq F- rrr-oOccrrnoOO\O$ OOJc.iOc.iOc.io.-co coca€o*oooooo öi c..t N Öl "! " 'a " " " v] t.o".o.r:qqO.oo.O. qclqotc'}o^-i\c1 9 o. O c.ioooJNc.ioS$H S, ?$$^NFF58 S !- * * co Ö.1 c.l - - "oo" " 'i ln\nOO-\ÖS*-* v?-q,Q,q\o"o"-"1 a{c.}O\OÖi-r\OcAO\ od3c..roo.roK- R Öl o.l -i * "--' ' v?$^oo^o^clclqc{1 " " " v} O-,/)oo,--elO.q"? ? ? c-, i \O$ c-, (r) O cA f-* C 99 ca\Ocq-cOc-)cO.AO O n f\- ttrs- c.) $ O. cO OO - f- ö.1 c.l : ..) ölC{-- 9 t oo 6) B a (n q q) Q .- H :)li d a I tl F. " "Öl - =q v}1q Fi q r---rO-r:\C)-too" "\ .- a 1oo- o I icQcQO*OOcAO\\O ii;+oc'ii\d F tr) I s- -r .i x L q) xP -. 9An I bo c) -F '6 q) =6 I F E >! I ^ / r I A ll - F E o.o"qA--ö!09$" "! "' o. :,+ c{ 5 Eoä t oOJ\OO-iOölO- O ?3ä=*33q; - -rsf-- ÖI<-€No\\ eO ? .-! |.n c.l## Btr a9 aQ) F (g q) 9b GO F. v \Jts G "gA L o i'i€ +a =1 (!F= --tv '= öY I !s !s 63:h - tv& u - * rvü >=0) c! VL q) p= D* rmA trl s lll rFt oOo q) tr ntr v .q q) crto A v..6X€ l-l a.Y FH=ES 9o Mo F I* FE :=Q=.= R li'i*>tä I €-q E ,i c.l .+ H-"9 Et-ii \4 S EE='- v u.l 0J cl " r\ .. rn $E P T äEA€,H eE"f x $t i äEÄ€'FsE*EugErsS.A + ] äÄgHFÄ3EE,EEEäS J äÄ r ä,fr#EE i,E &;;5 32 BEEF/VEAL TI3OI 4.15.4.1 Supply balance - beef/veal EUR 15 1 000 t (r) 7o TAY 1991 1992 1993 1994 1994 (4) (4) () (4) lg% I 2 4 5 6 Gross internal production 8 705 8 378 7 824 7 445 - 4,8 Net production 8 723 8 396 7 743 7 380 - 4,7 Changes in stocks 373 155 - 448 * 556 24,1 Imports (r) 447 480 419 456 8,8 Exports(r) r 244 | 239 1085 | 073 - 1,1 Intra-EU trade (2) | 640 2 tt0 r 704 1810 6,2 Internal use (total) 7 553 7 482 7 525 7 3r9 -) 7 Gross consumption (kg/h ead/year) 2r,8 21,6 21,6 20,9 -?) Self-sufficiency (7o) - 4., I 15,3 112,0 104,0 101,7 L;L Sources.' Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (r) Total trade, with the exception of live animals. (2) All trade, including live animals (figures based on imports). (r) Carcass weight. (1) EUR 12. TI3O2 BEEFA/EAL N cri\a x q\q\o^al" x \ x x ? .\.-s '-'cd,-c.l-. c.IJOOFN ttl-llllll U e:s sFRgss s s ggSsss e :sS = t-'r C.l C.l C-l Fr O.l C\ C.l C\ C-l ÖI co Bj U aD"qäqq8"qaE xr q o\I-.f.(-\{qc-lqSStriX -CO$\O$OC\o'lv N - N c.l'- cil c..l dt N c{ c\t c{ c.r F- \O \n \n O O \O O\ c! O 90 oo- oo^ Niaöö\o-Ö^n^I 1\o^ e38NSE5r3e E € C.l - = N J C-l C-l -t Ä C.l C\ C-.t \o^ -io"$^ x cr}qn^oqq\ x x x > FiFrr-rFiöOCAOO-rC'l rlllllll q4hölOf-.ooOOf-c.)!!9c.| \o^ o- \o^ "?4-""I-1 ööo\oooöloo@o-\!-sc-Fr i\iNö c.lc.tNöNc! öI c.l co ?- C.l @ cO C.l O -t \n \O \O tA t-- 9 q to- o? q,r} o{ Fir{-) tq A A "d"\O' "?,- "{f- c.i \O O\ O\ i O\ \9 ö] oo FXSS*KRä\R K X r-i \O cA O\ \O C-i| cO ö{4"r'}q14"in$ \O t-- OO O\ rl P" c.i \o o\ d c-l oo \n ca $ - o\ oo NXNS\SR$NR R X -i c{ oo^ *^ oo^ \o^ O^ S^ e1 \o- q X X ^q a O O' C.i C.i -t O O Fr O ca Fi O co rllllllllll oo\nF-c!q,sgäsg qoo-oo^qq-ic"Iq\Y" 5 R8 c.) c.iöoooeqioiiid S 8S ö c.,c'r q) RRX$F\R\FF L C) 't - .E a- 9a c) 0)v -:- qqEFr€"EqqRä €" qq ,- q)o) A ä äR LV - RANSRRRRRR 9- !v ()Q L q .:7 bä - Q >- dyc) h"bo - vs((l +"&üqqaq{s"8" i 33 q ,sb y/> a .=c)(€ q) il$fr;€R$s€E ? Ffi AOO c-.t öl .'l c\ ca ca cl di 9 c.i N c.i ö - N !-v a- tr A- .=* _v* ^hc! ö e :) 'ä qE€ q) =v'-q r! ä >h! L E!- Ö ; /,,2 E, - c äoE'ö^ E ö ET s tr E e a ä öE E €^ ä;3sl€P B I u r=p F 5 ,i ä: g ö o0 trE ä:f;Efilü ä : E E-ooq -ä 4 d,Eet E " ? ='ö x.= \n a 9E $r ! ÜaFÖfi E E : EE E ^^ X -.r -, + 6 + Ea Ä= Fs ! e i z,öI e ä 5 V)vvvvv PIGMEAT TI3O3 4.16.0.1 Pig numbers (December of previous year) 7o of I 000 head VoTAY EUR 15 1995 1992 1993 1994 1995 1995 1g% I 2 -)a 4 5 6 7 I 13566** 116853** tr9 259 r r6 368 100,0 - 7,6 Belgique/Belgiö 6 53r 7 ltg 6 999 6 865 5,9 - 1,9 Danmark 9 767 r0 345 l0 870 10864 9,3 * 0,1 BR Deutschland 26 062 26 5r3 26 074 24 764 2I,3 - 5,0 Elläda 975 1 099 T 143 I r2l 1,0 - 1,9 Espafla t7 207 r82t7 l8 184 18332 15,8 0,8 France 12068 12565 13166 13475 ll,6 2,3 Ireland | 344 1421 I 485 1 498 1,3 0,9 Italia 8 547 8 242 8 347 8 000 6,9 - 4,2 Luxembourg 62 65 70 76 0,1 8,6 Nederland 13727 13109 13991 1393r 12,0 - 0,4 Österreich 3 638** 3 718** 3 820 3 729 ?) -) 4 Portugal 2 560 2 547 2 665 2 416 2,1 - 9,3 Suomi/Finland r 357** I 309** 1 300 1 295 1,1 - 0,4 Sverige 2 201** 2 279** 2 277 2 328 2,0 ')) United Kingdom 7 519 7 705 7 868 t 673 6,6 -) 5 EUR 12 106370 109547 I 10862 109016 93,7 - 1,7 Source: Eurostat. TI3O4 PIGMEAT 4.16.1.1 Number of pigs slaughtered (') VoTAY 1994 tg% EUR I5 l8l 421** I8l 942** 190 878** 190 582 Belgique/Belgiö 10002 10428 I 1 087 10852 -) 1 89,1 90,4 89,5 93,1 4,0 -1) Danmark 17065 18236 19723 2036r 7) 74,1 75,3 75,5 74,6 - BR Deutschland 43 573 4077r 41059 40089 -)L 89,9 90,4 91,3 89,9 1,5 Elläda 2 367 2 403 2 330 2 30r -1) 64,4 63,7 63,1 63,1 0,0 - Espafra 24619 24901 26811 27 r20 1,2 75,9 76,8 77,6 77,5 0,1 France 21615 22458 24rr2 24788 2,8 88.7 88.8 84,4 85,8 7,7 Ireland 2687 2964 3 070 3023 - 1,5 66,8 68,2 69,0 71,0 2,9 - Italia t2 r89 12259 1224r t2 134 - 0,9 109,3 108,3 112,0 I 11,0 0,9 Luxembourg rc4 95 108 109 0,9 90,i 90,4 89,5 89,9 0,4 Nederland r8764 18789 20345 19396 - 4,J 84,8 84,4 85,9 86,3 0,5 gg,2** - Österreich 5 180** 5 165** 5293** 5259 - 0,6 89,7** 89,8** 89,0 0,9 - Portugal 3 151 3 451 4 068 4284 J'J5? 68,4 68,8 70,7 68,2 3,5 SuomilFinland 2288** 2 312** 2235** 2126 - 4,9 77,4** 76,1x* 75,7** 76,3 0,8 - Sverige 3 360** 3 423** 3 647** 3 688 1,1 79,'7** 81,2** 79,8** 74,5 6,6 United Kingdom 14456 14286 14747 15040 2,0 67.7 67.7 68,4 68,7 0,4 EUR 12 r70 593 r7r 042 r79 703 r79 496 84.0 84.1 84,9 84,1 Source: Eurostat. (r) Animals of domestic and foreign origin PIGMEAT T/305 4.16.1.2 Net pigmeat production (t) 10001 7o TAY 1994 t991 r992 1993 1994 tg% A 1 2 + 5 6 EUR I5 15298** 15361** 16 199** 16005 - 1,2 BLEUAJE,BL 9r4 952 993 1020 2,7 Danmark 1265 1370 1504 1518 0,9 BR Deutschland 3 918 3 684 3747 3 606 - 3,8 Elläda 153 153 r47 167 13,6 Espafra | 877 | 9t2 2084 2102 0,9 France l 918 | 994 2 r5r 2 r25 -1) Ireland 181 204 2r3 214 0,5 Italia | 332 | 342 1 371 1 347 - 1,8 Nederland 1591 1 584 | 749 | 673 - 4,3 Österreich 462** 463** 475** 468 - 1,5 Portugal 263 265 307 32r 4,6 Suomi/Finland 177** 176** 169** 162 - 4,1 Sverige 268** 278** 291** 302 3,8 United Kingdom 979 983 998 | 034 3,6 EUR 12 r439t t4 444 t5 264 15129 - 0,9 Source: Eurostat. (r) Animals of domestic and foreign origin. 4.16.2.1 \ilorld production and gross domestic production of principal pigmeat-producing or exporting countries World 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 70654 72778 75 r93 78954 5,0 - EUR 12 20,4 l9,g 20,3 20,r 14391 14444 15264 15r29 - 0,9 - EUR 15 :::20,3 : : : 16005 - Peop. Rep. China 36,3 37,8 39,5 45,0 25 646 27 488 29714 33835 13,g - USA 10,3 10,7 10,3 10,7 7 258 7 8r7 7 75r 8027 3,6 - Russia 3,8 3,2 3,2 2 783 2 432 2 400 - 1,3 - Poland 2,8 2,9 2,5 2,1 2013 2036 l 903 1 609 - 15,4 - Japan 2,1 2,0 I,9 l,g | 483 r 434 | 433 I 400 -)2 - Brazll 1,6 1,8 1,6 1,7 1 160 r29r 1 2r5 | 290 6,2 - Canada 7,6 1,7 1,6 7,6 | 129 | 209 1 r92 | 205 l,l - Romania 1,2 1,1 1,0 1,0 850 789 750 738 - 1,6 - Hungary 1,4 1,0 0,9 0,9 965 764 7r0 600 - 155 Source: FAO. T1306 PIGMEAT 4.16.4.1 Supply balance - pigmeat EUR 15 Gross internal production t4 39r 14 444 15264 15 r29 - 0,9 Imports - Live animals 0,4 0,5 0,2 0,0 - 100,0 Exports - Live animals 0,4 0,5 0,1 6,7 6 600,0 Intra-EU trade 407 492 439 : X Net production 14395 r444t 15304 15136 - 1,1 Changes in stocks 0 0 -10 10 - 200,0 Imports 68 85 21 28 33,3 Exports 635 476 820 1 001 22,1 Intra-EU trade 2 559 2761 2 887 : X Internal use 13860 14035 14414 14r53 - 1,8 Gross consumption in kgftread/year 40,5 40,8 41,7 40,5 - 2,9 Self-sufficiency (Vo) 103,9 102,9 106,2 106,9 0,7 Source.' Eurostat. (r) Carcass weight. (2) EUR 12. PIGMEAT TI3O7 4.16.5.1 Market prices for pigmeat ECU/I00 kg ('?) Va TAY (3) 1994 1991 1992 1993 t994 1g% 1 2 J 4 5 6 EUR 15 X Belgique/Belgiö 146,093 149,562 tt2983 115,237 ?) Danmark 119,861 127,179 96,861 99,023 4,8 BR Deutschland 139,251 140,384 103,872 107,556 3,5 Elläda 142,459 161,595 119,699 723,719 ll,6 Espafla 143,227 141,837 108,086 ll0,4l3 9,8 France 138,637 141,465 103,248 105,053 1,6 Ireland t23,017 131,990 104,606 t02,901 0,1 Italia 163,424 173,732 121,330 114,326 - 0,9 Luxembourg 147,881 163,273 t24,037 121,908 - 0,5 Nederland 128,133 126,856 89,808 94,550 5) Österreich X Portugal 153,524 167,957 115,003 112,740 4,5 Suomi/Finland X Sverige** 263,930 243,345 t96,gg7 198,623 r,3 United Kingdom 123.632 133.284 105.380 r02.r32 - 4,1 EUR 12 (4) 137,459 142,355 104,528 106,105 1,5 Source.' European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (') Representative markets. (2) Slaughter weight - Class I. (3) Calculated on the basis of prices in national currencies. (a) Weighted O ECU/100 kg. T/308 SHEEPMEAT AND GOATMEAT 4.17.0.1 Sheep and goat numbers (preceding December) I 000 head Vo of EUR 12 7a TAY 1994 t994 1994 t99l r992 1993 tg% I J 4 -5 6 7 Sheep EUR I5 99 r70 99 526 9822r 100,0 - 1,3 Belgique/Belgiö 136 r29 128 r27 0,1 - 0,8 Danmark 111 t22 102 87 0,1 - 14,7 BR Deutschland 3 239 2 488 2 386 2 369 2,4 - 0,7 Elläda 10150 9 837 l0 108 10069 10,3 - 0,4 Espafla 24 022 24 608 24 575 23 836 24,3 - 3,0 France r I 071 10639 l0 380 10453 10,6 0,7 Ireland 5 864 5 988 6 125 5 990 6,1 -) ) Italia 10848 10435 10439 r0 461 10,7 0,2 Luxembourg 7677 0,0 0,0 Nederland l 880 l 800 I 630 I 300 1,3 - 20,2 Österreich : 326 312 334 0,3 7,1 Portugal 3 360 3 380 3 348 3 30s 3,4 - 1,3 Suomi/Finland :616280 0,1 29,0 Sverige(r) : 418 447 471 0,5 5,4 United Kingdom 30 r47 28932 29477 29332 29,9 - 0,5 EUR 12 100835 98 365 98620 97 336 99,1 * 1,3 EUR 15 t2 100 t2 t47 100,0 0,4 Belgique/Belgiö 8998 0,1 -7,0 Danmark 0000 0,0 X BR Deutschland 90 83 88 89 0,7 1,1 E11äda 5 918 5 832 s 850 5 82r 47,9 - 0,5 Espafra 3 526 2799 2664 2739 ))5 2,8 France | 162 | t2r 1 011 I 055 8,7 - 1,5 Ireland 0000 0,0 X Italia | 298 | 3r4 | 344 1 378 I 1,3 )\ Luxembourg 1l1l 0,0 0,0 Nederland 77 77 73 66 0,5 - 9,6 Österreich :413947 0,4 20,5 Portugal 857 862 858 836 6,9 - 2,6 Suomi/Finland ::45 0,0 7,0 Sverige(r) ::55 0,0 0,0 United Kingdom 113 105 94 97 0,8 3,2 EUR 12 13050 12202 12052 12090 99,5 0,3 Source: Eurostat. (l) Results of June survey. SHEEPMEAT AND GOATMEAT TI3O9 4.17.1.1 Sheep and goats slaughtered Average carcass weight in kg EUR 15** 85713 83951 82190 : L4,3 l4,r 14,0 : BLEU/UEBL 345 316 238 205 - 13,g 19,9 20,r 20,0 20,1 0,5 Danmark 85 90 93 80 - 13,g 2l,2 22,3 2r,5 22,6 5,1 BR Deutschland 2 406 22t4 2206 2 llr - 4,3 20,7 19,3 18,5 19,0 2,7 Elläda 12rt4 12492 12459 12494 0,3 10,6 10,6 10,4 10,4 0,0 Espafla 22 333 22 845 22 305 22 566 1,2 10,8 10,8 10,7 10,8 0,9 France 10913 10005 9796 9257 -55 17,0 r7,2 16,6 16,7 0,6 Ireland 42t5 4357 4701 4 417 - 6,0 2r.9 21,7 21,0 21,0 0,0 Italia 9 629 9755 8 901 8 552 - 3,9 8,8 8,8 9,1 9,1 0,0 Nederland 697 723 789 702 - 11,0 24,r 23,7 23,2 24,2 4,3 Österreich** 251 267 244 : X 21,4 22,5 22,5 : x Portugal 1511 t372 1302 I 338 2,8 10,8 r0,2 10,5 10,6 1,0 Suomi/Finland*x 54 61 63 67 6,3 20,3 19,8 20,6 20,8 1,0 Sverige** 237 243 229 220 - 3,9 ll ,7 ll,9 18,6 : X United Kingdom 20917 19151 l8 864 18967 0,5 18,4 18,6 18,5 18,6 0,5 EUR 12 85 165 83 380 8l 654 80 689 14,2 14,0 13,9 14,0 0,7 Source: Eurostat. T/3IO SHEEPMEAT AND GoATMEAT 4.17.1.2 Gross internal sheepmeat and goatmeat production 1ü)0t Vo TAY 1994 1991 1992 1993 1994 1s% I 2 + 5 6 EUR I5** | 232 1 193 I 180 I153 - 2.3 BLEUruEBL 4 3 3 3** 0,0 Danmark 2 2 2 2 0,0 BR Deutschland 63 45 40 40 - 2,0 E11äda r24 129 t25 129** 3,5 Espafla 232 235 228 230** 0,9 France r69 156 156 147 - 5,8 Ireland 9l 101 r02 96** - 5,9 Italia 58 59 59 52 - 17,9 Nederland 31 28 29 26 - 10,3 Österreich** 6 6 6 6 0,0 Portugal 30 27 26 27** 3,8 Suomi/Finland** I 1 I I 0,0 Sverige** 4 4 4 4 0,0 United Kingdom 4t7 397 399 390** -)7 EUR 12 r 221 I t82 I 169 | 142** Source: Eurostat. SHEEPMEAT AND GOATMEAT TI3II ra Fl = tV. ;ic^ oo^ o^ clotc{ oq\\ E - : L r\ \ 1c{q n"qc\ n"o{v1 dLYv \O iäX+ c.) r-{ \O öI \n CA f- f- o\\ O\ \n \O f- ÖI oO O\ t*- $ ,- v:v \o$$ \o\0\oölo\o \o$l.n\o\n\o F boe -f, Ft E C-l C.l C{ öl öl c{ \.) \ö ö.1 C-l c..l öl C.l C{ zzFHv (.) 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O\ O\ O\ O' O\ O\ O\ O\ '; q) o\ o\ o\ o\ o\ o\ o\ o\ o\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ O\ Fg E OC)X a FiH-Fi*#F.l\-.i \-.1 *-r-.iFlFi*tF- F I F9Eb" F'.i ; F A- EE]HB o) q) Qlll Fr a ög Ptsr i) r t'l ;,\ l{ rr) H.l rr'\ .=,9 c.i IH t- HF Rl- rv ca E E 9L!VlV ? st L!L il.E /, ox:o ox:o ü\J X tt- .'\ L f ! aa rr'l f- \ H = r4,J .. t- Sm X ÖE F + rtl öz <- TI3I2 SHEEPMEATAND GoATMEAT öc] q,q \ c.t ro- - c1 -i vl " o" " " .o" **$\Ocalr)OOO O \O c\l- s tl "\o^ dl 1o-\vl oo^o"\o"c1"q." \I - v} \o-q\oo^qa1o- " q " " v1 -,4*-^-^ c-l- ca o-q\o^o-v1 o-\o-$" " \o- " " q *coot--tr)NOI=\O ca 0o * * <-- C\.l - o^ oo- ,q \o- c.i q 0o- v} o" c1 cl c.iqo-c]o^\o-€" " o" " " -i O*r CaC-\O*tfrO cQ+la)0OSOOOO\* CO tö N+ *S (n .-q) lr ! I- !a - \o^ -i " @- " " -i O-Cec.l\nct\+cAO $- O^ 0o^\o- \ a \ ^-^ oocaO-O*O(n$ F- oo 9 $N*c-l c.l l.t q) -A = F 'ö I q) B aa F a T a I d F () T k dv F ,.I ,/i \o" " '. .' di " " " -i - \ q o^ o^ o- o" o- \ oo-qq$"nqo-v1 a atl c. ^'r OOO-\OooOOO O c-l-d€+ooOOc.l I L F t-- * T r€ r4r.=*\ .!l + F E dx -O e, f. v =-'- q.) ct :'? .ä3 T,, L ä .tra .P 3ö SooE I "O\ +*O\\OcöO\OölO\ HA - {ra r.] c.i \d.d -i e.i d r.l ,ri i od €tt cü cQ**C.l(\* q) i:i^r a F E äq +r- ,Blt f,, YaE Q)a(.) o0 i:9h o6a € lr) FUg F .. * I f e CE ä * E: D .>cd € 7',a- rYl q)cl c9 F '=3 x F oHö ! bOo c>=() A -.FvL tt Fr14H q) PL ö -q) Qrrl rl 0)o ,t, uc E O üt c) ::4 nAp-: 3,F9€ Fl-=cY.. rm+Sä cl E E# -E $ =() i i! ö E.c E :l F*g ü Ettr n $\TLJ E€-F f- | ü="EFEH.s*b3F'F.E :s.^ + I *Ä äs FE ss ' ää=gi,. dAfrütrÄEEg'EEää5 32 SHEEPMEAT AND GOATMEAT TI3I3 4.17.3.3 Imports of sheepmeat(1) (r) EUR 15 Vo TAY l99r 1992 l 993 1994 1994 (3) (3) (3) (3) 19% l 2 J 4 5 6 Total imports: - New Zealand t98872 209374 202906 196383 -1) - Argentina 8 823 4 580 2 883 2943 2,1 - Australia 16837 t6829 15939 15570 - 2,3 - Hungary 14 r31 10823 8466 r0 123 19,6 - Bulgaria 3 638 2141 2503 3765 50,4 - Poland 5265 6 511 4736 47t7 * 0,4 - ex-Yugoslavia 2786 3 189 87 803 823,0 - Uruguay 4296 5025 5 508 4458 - rg,l - Romania 477 507 405 739 82,5 - Other countries 2792 2856 2661 3178 lg,4 Grand total 257917 261835 246094 242679 - 7,4 Sources.' European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture and Eurostat. (r) Incl. live animals. (2) Tonnes carcass weight. (3) EUR 12. 4.17.4.1 Supply balance - sheepmeat and goatmeat EUR 15(4) 1000r o/o TAY 1994 1991 1992 1993 1994** tggl 2 -') 4 5 6 Gross internal production r 221 | 182 I 169 I r42 -) 7 Imports - live animals (r) 22 t9 l5 19 20,9 Exports - live animals (r) 6 I I I - 11,1 Intra-Eu trade (') 65 70 45 42 - 6,7 Net production r 237 | 200 I 183 I 160 - r,9 Changes in stocks -4 : X Imports (2) 236 243 231 224 - 2,8 Exports (2) 13 5 6 6 16,4 Intra-EU trade (3) r64 195 208 225 8,2 Internal use r 460 | 434 I 408 I 378 -) 1 Gross consumption (kg/h ead/year) 4 4,2 4,0 4,0 -) 5 Self-sufficiency (7o) 83,6 82,4 83,0 82.9 - 0,2 Sources.' Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (r) Carcass weight. (2) Carcass weight - All trade with the exception of live animals. (3) All trade in carcass weight, with the exception of live animals (figures based on imports). (1) EUR 12. TI3I4 SHEEPMEAT AND GOATMEAT 4.17.5.1 Market prices for sheepmeat(t) ECU/kg(r) 7c TAV (r) t994 199l t992 I 993 1994 r9% 2 -) 4 5 6 Belgique/Belgiö 3,398 3,402 2,867 3,246 14,6 1a Danmark 2,388 2,196 2,044 1,849 BR Deutschland 2,598 2,729 2,591 2,879 11,1 E11äda 3,872 3,727 3,017 3,225 13,3 Espafla 3,053 3,292 2,847 3,050 14,r France 2,937 2,849 2,758 2,854 4,2 Ireland 2,269 2,047 2,074 2,283 lr,9 Italia 3,831 3,399 2,927 2,961 6,2 Nederland 2,977 2,907 2,768 2.941 6,3 Östeneich X Portugal 3,060 3,25r 3,033 10,5 Suomi/Finland X Sverige** 3,404 3,707 3,312 3,362 2,0 United Kingdom t.927 2,245 2,295 )9) 8,3 Source : European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (1) Belgique/Belgiö: Average price: 1) moutons extra (carcass weight 30kg) - schapen extra (30kg per stuk). 2) agneaux extra (carcass weight 16kg) - lammeren extra (16kg per stuk). Danmark: country O: lambs lst quality. 'L'-Mastlämmer Deutschland: country A: hmbs carcasses of quality. Elläda: country A: 76Va amnos galaktos, 247a amnos. Espafla: 'carcasses France: country A for d'agneaux de boucherie'. Ireland: country A: TOVa prime quality. 307o second quality. Italia: average price: 1) agnelloni (* 20 kg carcass weight) = 367o (country O). 2) agnelli ( * t0 kg carcass weight) = 647o (markets: Cagliari, Roma, Napoli, Firenze, L'Aquila). 'Yette Nederland: countrv A Lammeren'. Österreich: Portugal: Suomi/Finland: Sverige: Wholesale prices. United Kingdom: A market prices for sheep qualifying for guaranteed prices (pence/kg net on the hoof. (2) Slaughter weight. (3) Calculated on the basis of prices in national currency. POULTRYMEAT TI3I5 4.18.0.1 Number of utility chicks of table strains hatched I 000 head VoTAY 1994 1991 1992 1993 t994 1g% 1 2 3 ^ 5 6 EUR 15 X BLEU/UEBL rr4 593 t25 634 134966 r39 578 3,4 Danmark 104808 114689 119850 rr7 693 - 1,8 BR Deutschland 286378 318351 328026 305064 -J,0 Elläda 80315 83954 85752 87638 )) Espafra 543669 529396 513076 563357 9,8 France 824012 828216 855260 886208 3,6 Ireland 48770 50025 52954 58 130 9,8 Italia 4r32rr 4r7739 403470 4r0 t56 1,7 Nederland 340826 336406 330067 357393 8,3 Österreich :::: x Portugal 178340 171808 r77 595 184367 3,8 Suomi/Finland :::: X Sverige :::: X United Kingdom 649378 650919 670447 695253 3,J EUR 12 3 584300 3 627 r37 3 671463 3 804837 3,6 Source: Eurostat. T1316 POULTRYMEAT 4. 18.1.l Gross internal production of poultrymeat 7o TAY 1994 'tg93 EUR 15 6956 7127 7116 7412 4,2 BLEU/UEBL 178 194 204 221** 8,3 Danmark 142 160 172 178** 3,5 BR Deutschland 514 604 615 640** 4,0 Elläda 160 r75 170 174** 2,4 Espafla 880 858 821 867** 5,6 France l 780 1 865 I 875 1 980 5,6 Ireland 90 90 90 94** 4,4 Italia I tr4 I 095 1086 1 109** 2,1 Nederland 548 574 575 597** 3,8 Österreich** 93 99 r02 r02 0,0 Portugal 205 217 216 222** 2,8 Suomi/Finland** 37 36 35 39 rl,4 Sverige** 55 60 65 77 18,5 United Kingdom 1 099 I 100 I 090 | ll2** 2,1 EUR 12 6771 6932 6914 7 r94 4,1 Source: Eurostat. POULTRYMEAT TI3I7 " : c\di\c!1.q-i-i\ \ c\lt--Hlr)or\+O*öl "O \O*C-l**COOr\O O -iiridi-ii+J q o \n* tt'r*** q L R iJ ..|r) .. '. 0o oo :+ o. öl \o $ - ro o O\\rlt--O\\Ocac",.a\O "co " "\O t-oo-\ol--ln\ooo. \o caF-F*rr)o\ \o\o $ r- \Oc.)\a)OSOOOO\OS \O * -*O\O\tr)cj ölO # ött\oooot-r\n c-$ $ \o öl** *O !n(> \n wl-* \o ca o öt c-.1 öl ca v] 1€- ö{ o^ q 1oo- q oo^ o" o{ n" \o" o" o" cl c\ " o^ " " v'I \OOrn-*$OQ+ OOooO*o\OooF O d *tn V)* .'\O .'tr- '. O\O\Otr)NO\O\*O " $ * lr) d + * a.l C,l '.r) " O' " $ <.-+ölo|\\OäcOt\$ \O $ Olö-O\.aOO-\.)tr) ö.1 O tnt,nöl\Oln#$r,O * r) ?r, o't€$oo o C-.1 \O 0O t-- \O O\ \ö @ O S * O C.lci oo* t- .+\OcO (r) O\ - öl O\-C\|- an z U (\l k O\co$Ncat--*C-\n $O-+OO\\nOcoöi "O " "c.l 0) @OtnO-ooOOO c.idci-iirliodr- i ,ri *\n V)+ O a d: c.) o.lc{oocQ*o\l-ro\f- "$ " "$ cao\t\+\ococ\\o.+ "o " "\o co*oo$F-cr)l-r\o\n o\ r- tf,ölo\\O$öl O\O d o \o öl o t.) \o öl t-- .+ o\ \n oo F-\Ö$oO OcO C.l \ocaoo*\o$ ca .I L I F I -I I (.) L q. 09. q. c1 o" q " c? '. .. vl " " " v) q) 1u1 \ O"O"oo",qv1 1O^\q O" L \OOcaO+iOOoO * $ .aOO-OoOOootr) *\o O -l / \o* -F q) ! F ÄF I ,-l F t-- I d ?1- X -:)sl .T '. (J v) \o lr) rr) \n @ € o\ rr) " co ..t-- rr)*\nF-o\rnC)oolr) "c.l " "co [email protected] + \O *lnrn*O\\O \n@ \O B - ; $ \O \O O r- - a.l t-* ö.1 1r) (n - Öl t'- öl cA oo (\.l () € cO i OO |.r öl cA C-'l \O + $ c.l C-l C.l @ 0O C'l c! ci(n* o\ $ c.l O\ * a.l q) a{ j F- oo >-) L -+a ra- A - 9S F .-- tV tl. D o q) a r! Irl a rc öo C) q>, x L F9 o F( EE FJSE€ lrn-C(!gjJ xi;g?.= \gv!-; S'1J=qo-?i)4 { '. a) oo qr) I äE Ä s'F sE = E f sErs vt + m äÄ s ä FÄ E E E s E; ä 5 q T/318 POULTRYMEAT 4.18.4.1 Supply balance - poultrymeat EUR 15 Gross internal production 6 711 6 932 6 914 7 194 4,0 Imports - live birds 5 2 2 : X Exports - live birds 2 I I X Intra-EU trade 135 150 : X Net production 6 712 6 933 6 9r5 7 194 4,0 - Changes in stocks 23 t7 1l 10 9,1 Imports r52 158 r55 178 14,8 Exports 478 519 663 683 3,0 Intra-EU trade 791 905 : : X Internal use (total) 6 423 6 555 6 396 6 679 4,4 Human consumption (kg/head/year) 19,6 18,9 19,4 19 3,9 - Self-suffictency (Vo) 105,4 105,8 108,1 108 0,4 Source: Eurostat. (') Slaughter weight. (2) EUR 12. POULTRYMEAT T1319 4.18.5.1 Market prices for chickens (1) ECU/kg (2) Vo TAY (3) 1994 1991 1992 1993 1994 1g% 2 -) 4 5 6 Belgique/Belgiö 1,269 7,259 r,242 1,240 1,0 Danmark 1,359 1,343 1,299 1,254 - 0,9 BR Deutschland r,397 1,344 1,288 r,254 - 2,6 E11äda 2,016 1,853 1,644 1,638 7,4 Espafla 1,044 1,092 0,983 0,952 3,6 France 0,932 0,928 0,953 0,999 5,6 Ireland 1,971 1,776 1,465 1,322 -7,9 Italia 1,494 r.3t6 1.232 1.r42 - 2,6 Luxembourg Nederland 1.246 - 2,6 Östeneich Portugal - 0,4 Suomi/Finland Sverige** 2,876 2,603 2,001 1,880 - 5,6 United Kingdom r.364 r.323 1,189 1.182 9,0 Source: Evopen Commission, Direcbrateceneßl for Agriculturc. (t) Belgique/Belgiö : Pouletsä 70%, prix de gros ä la vente.Kuikens 70%, [email protected] pmir de juillet 1982prix frmco frontiörc.Vilafjuli l9E2 prijs fmco grcns, Dmmtrk : Kyllinger, 70%, slagbrie til dehilhmdel. BR Deutshlmd : Schlachterci - Abgabepreis ftei Empfängeq 70% gefffi[ Ell da : Chondriki rimi 70% (prix de grcs). Espaffa : Preio de mercado. Fdce : Peis-Rungis:lbulets, classeA (moyens),83%, prix de gros ä la vente. Irelmd : Chickens, 70%, whotesale pric€. IElia : Milano: pr€zzi d'equisto all'ingrosso,83%. Nederlmd : LEI: Kuikens 70% - Gmthandelsverkoopprijs. OsEreich Potugsl :preqoäprcdugäo. Suomi/Finlmd Sverige : Wholesaleprices. Unired Kingdom : London: Chickens,83%, wholesaleprice. ('?) Slaughter weight. (3) Calculatod on the bsis of prices in national curencies. TI32O EGGS 4.19.0.1 Laying hens, numbers I 000 head VoTAY 1994 199| 1992 t993 t994 1gy3 5 6 I L .J 4 EUR 15** 357283 374720 4,9 - BLEU/UEBL I I 489 ll 902 12506 I 1 706** 6,4 Danmark 3 854 3 866 4223 4286** 1,5 BR Deutschland 58400 56 600 54400 57 392** 5,5 Elläda t6329 16072 15769 19632** 24,5 Espafra 49 492 46588 45727 51351** 12,3 France 64700 644A0 67 1A0 7l 424** 5,5 Ireland 3 459 3 324 3 402 3 950** l6,l Italia 50997 51503 49 314 4951 1** 0,4 Nederland 37085** 38605** 37 563** 38351** 2,1 Ösrcrreich** 6179 5 968 6020 6460 7,3 - Portugal 8 100 8325 8 288 8 056** 2,8 Suomi/Finland** : : 3631 3692 1,7 - Sverige** : : 5650 5603 0,8 United Kingdom 44040 43252 43 090 43 305** 0,5 EUR 12 354124** 350405** 351283** 374720*x 4,9 Source: Eurostat. EGGS T1321 4.19.0.2 Number of utility chicks hatched from laying hens 1 000 head Vo TAY 1994 l99l 1992 1993 t994 1993 I z -t A 5 6 EUR 15** 257036 248323 252475 265619 \) BLEU/UEBL 10148 t0 576 13345 t2 497 - 6,4 Danmark 4242 4946 5 000** 4349* - 13,0 BR Deutschland 42957 4t 862 41 838 45243* 8,1 Elläda 4706 3 526 3 657 4602 25,8 Espafra 35773 29673 35 893 38300* 6,7 France 46084 45938 47 188 49906 5,8 Ireland | 437 | 414 I 283 r 4r5 10,3 Italia 26 464 26 300 20 420 26 2r8 29,4 Nederland 32891 32669 31455 31604 0,5 Österreich** s226 5 s54 6045 5766 - 4,6 Portugal 6072 5322 6611 5253 - 20,5 Suomi/Finland** 2967 3367 3442 3485 1,2 Sverige** s 368 5 34r 5 190 5 3r9 2,5 United Kingdom 32701 31775 31 108** 3t 662* 1,8 EUR 12 257036 249323 252475** 265679** 5,2 Source: Eurostat. T1322 EGGS 4.19.1.1 Usable production of eggs (total eggs) 1994 19% 5 263 5 2r0 5 108 5 329 4,3 BLEUruEBL 200 201 2r0 225** 7,1 Danmark 84 88 87 89** 2,3 BR Deutschland 922 902 826 860** 4,1 Elläda 123 124 122 128** 4,9 Espafla 641 602 602 692** 15,0 France 928 932 938 972** 3,6 Ireland 39 39** 37 37** 0,0 Italia 648 665 642 650** 1,2 Nederland 652 630** 618 621** 0,5 Österreich** 103 103 106 107 0,9 Portugal 98 103 103 120** 16,5 Suomi/Finland** 67 68 70 72 2,9 - Sverige** 112 rl4 rr2 111 0,9 United Kingdom 646 639 635 645** r,6 EUR 12 5263 5 210** 5 108 5329 4,3 Source: Eurostat. EGGS T1323 qa\qc"ic1 aqo^ " -i " c{q\qqqo^\oo-"1 @*so\ocaoc.lN o *d\OOr*OI--$ O N+s N c.i - c.'l (n - .. .. .- N \O OO O\ \O c.l cO \O cO O\ * S t-- oO tr- \O \f, \O " \n F- q! lö $ Ct \O t-- N \n \O \O \n -iF-OOcAln$ Cirn * C! \OuaOO.C\l\O--l''\ C\ cAo\Nölcncn oOF- # *ce SNca \n$ \.)F- $\O - r v F.i öl t-- \ö{\qoo^\o^1o^q q q. \{ 1 oo"o^oq,r} " o- " " q f\**O$*OcAOO 0.1tt-t--Oc.lOO$O\ O co ö.1 * -f, *N *ai \QSO,$F-Oöi\noi "öI "€ $ oO oO oO t'- oO O cq O\ " $ " oO QC!cAtO\nO\ncaöl O ö.1 -moo-ro\ci -0o F.i o\ \oNoo\ooocac\s\o ; \n OO O OO * \f.) C.l C.il c.) O CANO\ OO- \nO\ - \nF- \f,oo # -coöloo .. '. O^\1qqoo^O"ö{\o" " ct oo" \o^ q c\ v1 v? o{ o^ oo" c1 \n*cQo\f,o\oölöl o o \Ot--tnC)--OC- öl r) *(\-C.) \O\OOoOF-=Ocqea ..O .. .. 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CN I .!l €L F I O\$O\O\OOO$f- "O\ "ca O\OC.lSca$+oO$ "cA "\O - \nO\F-OrcQ* \Ot-- rc - I.lO'O\O\$-C.lOtn Fr \O ) HoOO\\O$\n -cQ O\ F-tr-\O*t\cq O\F öi @*o \on \o$ öi $\o \nöl * I $-t-- tr q) -A a F q)I F I lr) I \n öl A I t - rrl rrl rrl -F *r) C) .l F (t) (.) ö0 o0 q.) q) F bo - I o- ts oo c) öo - C) o v s, L 9F O t'( S df F€g q, + H*E .=-f t! .ooöo c.; a 5'e 9 .. =Eä F E.E EE=s 0) o\ o .F .F 4 I i E € HE u E H äE rP I E EA q HE =E HäE Tg i< A,^ + J äÄgäSÄ3E8,äEEEEq) T1324 EGGS 4.19.4.1 Supply balance - eggs (total eggs) EUR T5 4,5 Usable production 4 981 4 925 4 820 5 039 Change in stocks -8 0 I X Imports 36 28 28 3l 10,7 - Exports 155 r57 183 174 4,9 Intra-EU trade 669 658 : X Internal use 4 870 4 796 4 664 4 896 5,0 of which: 2,6 - eggs for hatching 332 333 340 349 - industrial use 20 2r 22 22 0,0 - losses (market) t9 l9 18 t9 5,6 5) - human consumption 4 499 4 423 4 284 4 506 4,0 Human consumption (kg/headlyear) 13,0 12,8 72,4 12,9 - Self-sufficiency (Vo) 102,3 102,7 103,3 102,9 0,4 Source: Eurostat. (') EUR 12. EGGS T1325 4.19.5.1 Market prices for eggs(1) ECU/l0Opieces 7o TAY 121 1994 1991 1992 1993 1994 1g% 2 .J 4 5 6 Belgique/Belgiö 4,ggg 4,244 4,294 3,667 - 17,6 Danmark 6,685 6,595 6,909 6,686 - 0,8 BR Deutschland 5,672 5,056 5,314 4,561 - 14,2 Elläda 9,784 8,528 7,427 7,131 3,6 Espafla 6,280 6,157 6,311 5,305 - 9,J France 5,411 4,775 4,558 3,701 - lg,3 Ireland 5,883 5,465 4,921 5,087 0,3 Italia 6,015 5,430 4,979 4,654 - 1,8 Luxembourg 6,411 5,856 6,048 X Nederland 4.811 4.179 4,294 3,705 - 13,5 Österreich : : X Portugal 6,099 5,416 - 5,8 Suomi/Finland X Sverige** 1,682 1,585 1,369 1,521 71,6 United Kingdom 5.063 4,880 4,840 4.980 3,1 Source: European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (') Eggs: Class IV - weight 55-60gr.: Belgique/Belgiö : Kruishoutem: prix de gros ä I'achat, franco march6 groothandelsaankoopprijs, franco markt. T1326 MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS 4.20.0.1 Dairv herds and vield 1 Offi head Va TAY 1994 1991 r992 1993 1994 l993 6 I 2 J 4 5 Dairy cows in December EUR 15 24 628** 23 460** 23 254** 22 969x* _1) - Belgique/Belgiö 797 74r 703 696 1,0 Danmark 746 708 7IT 717 0,8 - BR Deutschland 5 632 s 365 5 301 5 273 0,5 Elläda 214 205 2t9 219 0,0 - Espafla 1516 | 446 | 403 | 339 4,6 France 4 968 4 642 4 615 4 745 2,8 - Ireland | 293 | 262 | 274 | 269 0,4 - Italia 2 536 2 3r7 2 287 2 070 9,5 - Luxembourg 52 51 51 49 3,9 - Nederland 1 881 | 821 | 177 r 757 1,1 Österreich 876** 842 828* 810* -) ) - Portugal 394 381 375 356 5,1 - SuomilFinland 436** 426 419'. 413* 1,4 -7) Sverige 508** 506 505* 489* J)- - United Kingdom 2779 2747 2786 2767 0,7 - EUR 12 22 808 21 686 2t 502 21257 l,l Dairy cows kg/head 7o TAY yield (r) 4 686** 4 877** 5 114** 5 150** 0,7 Belgique/Belgiö 4 264 4 409 4 493 4 922** 9,6 - Danmark 6 034 6 r73 6 583 6 527 0,8 BR Deutschland 4 573 4 970 5 237 5 248** 0,2 Elläda 2 938 3 416 3 644 3 562** -) ? - Espafla 4 203 4 052 4n0 4 011** 3,8 - France 4 869 5 096 5 396 5 374** 0,4 Ireland 4 038 4 t59 4 2t9 4 240 0,5 Italia 3 939 4 067 4 33r 4 504** 4,0 Luxembourg 4 492 5 000 5 255 5 255** 0,0 ,, 1 Nederland 5 763 5 795 6 014 6 r45** ?;L Österreich 3 669** 3 750* 3 853* 3 901** r,3 Portugal 4 386 4 355 4 257 4 368 2,6 Suomi/Finland 4 588** 5 667* 5 770* 5 983** 3,7 Sverige 6 557*x 6 301* 6 625* 6 774** )) - United Kingdom 5 108 5 t37 5 389 5 360 0,5 EUR 12 4 688 4 873 5 115 5 143** 0,5 Source: Eurostat. (r) Production of the year divided by the herd in December of previous year. MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS T1327 4.20.1.1 Production of milk from dairy herds and delivery of milk to dairies 1000t VoTAY 1994 1991 1992 1993 1994 l9% A 2 -l 5 6 A - Production of milk from dairy cows (r) EUR 15 122952* 120103* rl9 972** n9 632** - 0,3 Belgique/Belgiö 3 543 3 5r4 3 329 3 344 0,5 Danmark 4 640 4 605 4 661 4 641 - 0,4 BR Deutschland 29 063 27 99r 28 098 27 820* - 1,0 Elläda 7tr 73r 747 790* 4,4 Espafla 6 6t9 6 r43 6 030 5 627* - 6,7 France 25 663 2s 3r5 25 049 24 800* - 1,0 Ireland 5 338 5 378 5 324 5 402 1,5 Italia 10 493 10315 10035 10300* 2,6 Luxembourg 265 260 268 269* 0,0 Nederland tr 047 10901 10951 t0 920* - 0,3 Österreich 3 320 3 295* 3 244* 3 230* - 0,4 Portugal | 737 | 716* 1 622* 1639* 1,0 Suomi/Finland 2 551 2 471* 2 459* 2 507* 2,0 Sverige 3 200 3 201* 3 352* 3 421* 2,1 United Kingdom 14762 14277 t4 804 14934 0,9 EUR 12 I 13881** I I 1 146** I l0 918** tlO 474* - 0,4 Deliveries of cows' milk (2) EUR 15 112 886** 110 806** 110851 11I 283** 0,4 Belgique/Belgiö 3 084 2 937 2 907 2 948 1,4 Danmark 4 440 4 402 4 460 4 442 - 0,4 BR Deutschland 26423 25 605 26 011 26 047 0,1 Elläda 534 508 569 584 2,6 Espafra 5 829 5 435 5 352 4 926 - 8,0 France 23 379 23 046 22755 23 255 )) Ireland 5 019 5 271 5 2r3 5 279 1,3 Italia 9 894 9 146 9 501 9 349 - 1,6 Luxembourg 253 249 258 25r a'7 Nederland 10570 10503 10560 10468 - 0,9 Österreich 2 20I* 2 204 2 r83 2 193 0,5 Portugal 1584 | 541 | 477 | 476 - 0,1 Suomi/Finland 2 416* 2 342 2 332 2 385 )7 Sverige 3 130* 3 r33 3 287 3 357 2,1 United Kingdom t4 r30 13884 13980 14323 2,5 EUR 12 105139** 103t27 103047 103348 0,3 Source: Eurostat. (') Excl. milk for suckling. (2) Incl. deliveries of cream (milk equivalent). T1328 MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS 4.20.1.2 Deliveries of cows' milk to dairies, as a proportion of cows' milk production (') (vo) 1990 l99l 1992 1993 1994 6 I 2 4 5 EUR 15 91,8 91,8* 92,3* 92,4x* 93,0** Belgique/Belgiö 86,7 87,0 83,6 87,3 Danmark 95,7 95,7 95,6 95,7 BR Deutschland 91,8* 90,9 91,5 92,6 Elläda 74,4 75,1 69,5 76,2 Espafra 78,3 88,1 88,5 88,8 France 92,0 97,1 91,0 90,8 Ireland 97,6 94,0 98,0 97,9 Italia 94,0 94,3 94,5 94,7 Luxembourg 93,8 95,5 95,8 96,3 Nederland 95,2 95,7 96,3 96,4 Österreich 66,8* 66,3* 67,r* 67,3 Portugal 83,5* 91,2* 89,8* 91,1 Suomi/Finland 95,3* 94,7* 94,8* 94,9 Sverige 97,8* 97,8* 97,9* 98,1 United Kingdom 95,4 95,7 97,2 94,4 EUR 12 92,2 92,3* 92,8** 92,9** 93,5** Source: Eurostat. (r) Incl. deliveries of cream (milk equivalent). MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS T1329 -rf) t ,-J - oo$- co,-ro\ c \o tn F o\ d F.i -l c.i c.i oi rl od trJ .] l*(nl*l O\ \Q öl \O t-- ca co t-i SQ85 ile^ $ s S; s s pcOF.iF.i-cO* ö] Fi F.i !:-Cj \Oöif- O\ oO O \n l1.) \n cQ '-r \O \O + coo coo\ $ ; oo \Q$ Q'-i - cA C{ F< F< h L tj ca \o \n \o cr\ \o - t \OS \O-rcO \n -- -.r \ö \o o\ .+ v \O $ Or r-r .-F- (:.1 - .-fi cg It -/q) .{i) !- (n O{-OO.-.rco-r \O O\ l- Fr $\nO\oO f.a g I 8g fl€- s cö\oo\n !l -t $ca @* F CA Fr \O E C{ Fr af{ .--5 t F x s -a q) t 5X 6sS 3 I F R S S It Frcn F-\n S ö J b ö - a I !1 $ F- -i t-,r ca Fi \O c! C{ Fi .--,l( F F- I -(n q) 'tt .\< g ü d) r: xc.-2 tstr 'E.= 'o€ F H E -52 c) c') (.r!,-eE., .T +) g I- Ee#E.gy, 2 ;t- B Eü = = : ä L itt rr-yE31EÄ rr ä E G A Err -l I g a äE E C: E E ä h. n J Öi EE e F E g b E rr) Fl ol Er ä E : = 5 ä \J - 4.20.1.4 Production in dairies of butter and cheese I 000t 7a TAY r994 1993 t994 1991 1992 1g% 5 6 l 2 4 A - Butter (t) _')\ EUR l5 I 960** | 821* r 824** | 778** 1,6 Belgique/Belgiö 67 63 61 62 1,3 Danmark 82 78 77 78 - 4,4 BR Deutschland 549*' 472' 482 46r 100,0 Elläda 3 2 2 4** - 24,0 Espafra 37 29 25 1g** - 3,1 France 482* 460 445 43r - 0,7 Ireland r44 143 r39 r38 1,1 Italia r02 100 93 94 - a 3** 0,0 Luxembourg J J 3 - 4,6 Nederland 204 t99 194 185 - 2,7 Österreich 36* 37 37*x 36** 0,0 Portugal 16 t7 t7 I7 47** 4,4 Suomi/Finland 52* 47 45** 47** - 11,3 Sverige 5l* 50 53** 156** 3,3 United Kingdom r32 121 151 - 2,4 EUR 12 I 821* 1 693* 1 689 1 648** Cheese (2) 1,2 EUR 15 5 528** 5 623* 5 725* 5 793* 1,4 Belgique/Belgiö 64 69 69 10 - 10,6 Danmark 287 292 322 288 4,6 BR Deutschland | 249 | 293 337 | 399 0,0 Elläda 93 98 110 110** 0,0 Espafla 229 227 227 22',7** 1,7 France | 471 | 413 442 | 467** 5,4 Ireland 74 93 93 98 - 0,9 Italia 817 836 816 809** 4** 33,3 Luxembourg 4 4 3 1,9 Nederland 6r6 640 640 652** 81** 0,0 Österreich 79 81 81* - 12,3 Portugal 41 48 57 50 3,4 Suomi/Finland 85 88 89x 92** 5,6 Sverige 115 lt7 126* I 33** 0,0 United Kingdom 298 324 313 313 1,1 EUR 12 5 249 5 337 5 429 5 487** Source: Eurostat. (t) Incl. butteroil manufactured fiom cream (butter equivalent). (2) Processed cheese excluded. MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS T/331 4.20.1.5 Production (t) in dairies of milk powder 1 000t 7o TAV 1994 1991 1992 1993 1994 1g% 2 J 4 5 6 A - Skimmed-milk powder EUR 15 I 563* I 236** r 299** | 231 -\) Belgique/Belgiö l4 52 59 52 - ll,9 Danmark I7 r3 20 2T 5,0 BR Deutschland 534 400 434 382 * 12,0 Elläda 0 0 0 0* X Espafra 30 23 15 l2* - 20,0 France 436' 373 360 360* 0,0 Ireland 183 126 132 r29 -) ? Italia 0 0 0 0* X Luxembourg I 0 0 0* X Nederland 63 6l 68 65* - 4,4 Österreich 2g' 29* 25** 23* - 8,0 Portugal 12 t2 10 10 0,0 Suomi/Finland 20' l5* l5** 15* 0,0 Sverige 32' 30* 37** 34* - 8,1 United Kingdom r33 r02 124 r28 3,2 EUR 12 I 493** I r62 | 222 I 159** -5) B - Other milk powder (2) EUR 15 I 111** 1001* 993* 966** -) 7 Belgique/Belgiö 53 42 51 67 31,4 Danmark 110 106 106 119 12,3 BR Deutschland 242 228 211 207 - 1,9 Elläda 0 0 0 0** X Espafra 2l 13 l2 I 0** - 16,7 France 338 304 301 287** - 4,7 Ireland 24 3l 3l 32 ?) Italia a /', J J 8 1** - 87,5 Luxembourg 0 0 0 0** X Nederland 212 163 178 133** -)5 ? Österreich l0** 7** 7 9** 29,6 Portugal 8 8 7 7 0,0 Suomi/Finland 9** 3** 1' 1** 0,0 Sverige 8** 9** 9' 10** I 1,1 United Kingdom 73 84 7l 83 16,g EUR 12 l 084 982 976 946** - 3,1 Source: Eurostat. (') Product weight. (2) Whole-milk powder, partly-skimmed-milk powder, cream-milk powder and butrermilk powder included. T1332 MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS 4.20.1.6 Production (') in dairies of concentrated milk and casein 1000r % TAV 1994 1992 199-1 l 994 199l | 993 6 z -) 4 5 A - Concentrated milk (a) (2) - EUR 15 1 339** 1 369** 1338** 1336** 0,1 Belgique/Belgiö 24 22 t2 30 150,0 Danmark t3 ll l3 I4 7,7 a'7 BR Deutschland 474 503 514 528 L;l - Espafla 58 42 48 38 20,8 - France 76* 77 64 56 12,5 -)4) Ireland 60* 91* 91* 69x t r r- - Italia I I I 0* 100,0 Nederland 406 386 314 375* 0,3 - Luxembourg 0 I I 0* 100,0 Österreich l9* 1g* l8* lg* 0,0 Portugal 1 0 0 I X Suomi/Finland 0* 0* 0* 0* X Sverige 9* l1* l1* l2* 9,1 United Kingdom 198* 206 l9l r95 2,1 - EUR I2 13ll I 340** I 3098* 1 306** 0,2 B - Casein(b) (3) _ EUR 15 I l7** 146** I 16** t15 I,J -7,7 Danmark l6 l6 t3 t2 - 42,9 BR Deutschland 16 20 l4 8 - 3,7 France 29 37 27 29 1- JI 8,3 Ireland 29 4l** 36 4,0 Nederland 25** 30** 25** 26 X Österreich 0 0 0 1 X SuomilFinland 1 I 0 I X Sverige 0 0 0 0 0,0 United Kingdom I I I I - EUR 12 I l6** 145** I 16** I 13** 3,4 MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS T/333 o{qo.oo.-O"-\QO" x Q c?\vlc'.}q\olo^o{c?oo^ X-.X-.-.-.X \O \O =f, cO -r \O f= \O C.l O \O t-_ c\ c\l -f, o \o oo o \o co c.l \O OCOO 'll--'TY rR - C) | c-,- Frlt Y t-l tl - I .f,^ o^ \o^ c{ \o^ oo" \ a o^ o{ x @^ o^o^o^qoq\o^qo^ol{- O-f,O\OO$OO$c.l t-- OcaO\@c\|+OO\OOO O c-n öl \-r c.) - o\n\ö - - OO .: Ot t-- O\ .-.r \O '-i CQ OO " :t O':t$OOC-\OO\ | -$O "@ "ca\n\o -ocooo$öl | \A lA co* \o oOC\OOoO0.l- \O O vv oO C'.1 C\ C.l -i O\ \n \n F.i F< o.lc\oo\no\o$co=f* C! \n O\ f- \n \ö Fi Fi \n cO \O "caF-O t-- $ t-- \O O\ O\ - cA o\ Ötr \O .i f\ t-i -r '-i \O Fr oo \o '-i oO Cl C..| Fi O\$\n Fi Fr ca ol F- \n $ c.l c\i \n _i oo öl$\O\nO\N*öl*Q\O " t'- " cO t*- C! \n öl \O l'- \n cö -r \n ca OO -t \O O -r -r \O '-r -r \o a\* F-. cA ca c\l o\ $ \n F.i F.r $O\oo-ooO-f,ölOO "# t*--OOOceO\dC.l-oO \n(nöi\nClF- *cQcO @ \n Ol \O Ot .-r \O C-l O t*- öl ca ci oo$\n * -1 -1 =q ol c{ o^ { q q ö{ \ o.} \o-qo^\c?q=q-io^c{\ x o^v1 o^o{c? x A^t+ s ooooocacac{$$\n$\n vvv\rv I O.iöiO$OOf-ca$O .E -- Cj C-l * r-'r q.) ttttttt-l | | | | o I tttl d 9 I OcacaO\F-\Oöl\O\r)*O* =t- o^ oo^oq v] o^ q. oo- \ q o^ XXXXXXX q) d $ id -l c.i od -l oi -i c.i ici oi OOOO-r-rO\.-(cQOölOO a - Fi* Fr ()q) OC{N Oco$ c.i -- I I -Or$cOOoOcQöl-t'-OcO oo\r--oocjN$oroo.-r "\o\orn\öc\ $ OO C.l cO \O O\ OO \O O -f, -i C..l -f, * -i * \n cQ \o rr1 co \n c.\l FrFr \O* (..l O\\OOO*öi\n C.)-**C.) 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N F tr'l O ir S ..üü ä =< Eä E E S ..üü ä =<-oa Eä.ö^E(l ss ä >< .i > ;== = F(, ftt HäE€€ i EBBe23ü3E5 I iurtlJ<2:]u3 4.20.3.1 World trade in certain milk products - EU share EUR 15 (t 000 t) l 988 r989 1990 1991 1992 1993 t994 (2) (2) (2) (2) c) (2) (2) 1 2 3 4 5 6 - 8 A - Exports Butter/buxeroil (t) | 057 846 810 876 744 824 732 World 645 395 260 322 242 202 t54 EU 4t2 451 550 554 502 622 578 Others 61,070 46,7 70 32,170 36,870 32,5Vo 24,570 2r,070 EU share Skimmed-milkpowder (t) | 304 99r 93r 880 | 042 99s 882 World 616 409 330 2s3 39r 284 138 EU 687 581 590 627 651 lTl 744 Others 47,270 41,370 35,470 28,870 37,5 Vo 28,5 70 15,6Vo EU share Cheese 906 930 887 932 922 989 1 040 World 404 444 450 483 466 524 s10 EU 502 485 436 449 456 465 530 Others 44,67o 47,770 50,7 70 51,8%o 50,5 Vo 53,070 49,070 EU share Whole-milk powder 93s 916 886 1 084 | 044 1 084 I r28 World 596 569 502 618 581 588 s86 EU 333 343 376 466 463 496 542 Others 63.770 62,170 56,770 57,0%o 55,7Vo 54,27o 52,070 EU share Condensed milk World 522 564 440 423 439 449 393 EU 383 449 334 316 343 351 286 Others r39 115 105 r07 96 98 r07 EU share 73,4Vo 79,6Vo 75,970 74,JVo 78,170 78,27o 72,870 Casein and caseinates EU 80** 80** 61* 58** 69** 57 50 T1336 MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS 4.20.3.l . (cont.) r988 I 989 r990 l99l t992 l 993 t994 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 2 J 4 5 6 7 8 B - Imports Butter/butteroil (t) World I 057 846 810 876 744 824 732 EU 76 7l 89 68 48 65 65 Others 981 775 721 808 696 759 667 EU share 7,270 8,470 ll,0 70 7,870 6,5 Vo 7,970 8,970 Cheese World 906 930 887 932 922 989 1040 EU 115 119 113 109 110 109 r22 Others 791 811 774 823 812 880 918 EU share 12,7 %o r2,8 Vo 12,7 70 rl,7 70 ll,9 70 rl,0 70 lr,7 7a Casein and caseinates EU 29 36 63 58 54 59 87 Sources.' European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture, GATT and FAO. (r) Food aid included. (2) EUR 12. MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS T1337 4.20.4.2 Detailed supply balance (a) - skimmed-mitk powder EUR 15 (1 000t) Opening stocks - private : : - public (intervention) 5 333 414 47 37 Production - skimmed-milk powder (b) (r) r 624 r 483 r 162 | 222 I 159 - buttermilk powder 45 38 37 43 45 a Imports (b) I4 5 J 19 33 Total availabilitv Consumption at full market prices 300 350 350 Subsidized consumption - animal feed (calves) 767 856 66r Special measures - pigs and poultry Total consumption I 039 Exports at world market prices 108 Food aid 30 Total exports 138 Closing stocks - private - public (intervention) 72 Total Sources; (a) European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (b) Eurostat. (t) Including buttermilk powder incorporated directly in animal feed, milk powder for babies. (2) EUR 12. T/338 MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS 4.20.4.3 Detailed supply balance (a) - butter (r) EUR 15 (l 000t) 1989 1990 l99r 1992 1993 1994 (5) (6) (o) (s) (5) (5) 1 2 J 4 5 6 1 Opening stocks - private, aided by EU 100 104 84 4l 68 47 - public (intervention) r02 20 251 261 172 161 Production - dairy (b) I 705 1 783 182r | 693 1 689 | 648 - farm (b) 26 25 23 2l 2I 2l Imports 71 89 68 48 65 65 Total availability 2 004 2 021 2 247 2 064 2 0r5 | 942 Consumption - at normal prices I r37 T IO2 I 191 II 45 1 138 r 138 - at reduced prices (2) 0 0 0 Special schemes(3) 348 366 432 437 467 523 Reg. (EEC) No 2409/86 Total apparent consumption I 485 | 468 r 623 r 582 I 605 1661 Exports at world market prices 377 200 216 r97 t94 r52 Food aid 18 l3 10 5 I 0 Exports at special prices 5 96 40 7 1l Total exports (b) 39s 2r8 (4) 322 242 202 163 Closing stocks - private, aided by EU 104 84 4l 68 47 59 - public (intervention) 20 251 26r r72 161 59 Total closing stocks r24 335 302 240 208 ll8 Source: (a) European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture (including butteroil, butter equivalent). (b) Eurostat. (r) Product weight. Includes butteroil made from cream (butter equivalent). (2) 1977: Reg. No 2370fi7 (Christmas butter), 1978: Reg. No 1901/78, 1979: Reg. No 1269179. (3) Comprising (1 000 t): 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 - Welfare schemes 16 19 22 16 15 13 - Armed forces and non-profit organizations 42 39 39 36 38 37 - Butter concentrate 16 16 19 19 22 22 - Sales to food processors 274 292 352 364 392 451 (a) Not including 42mO t physically exported in 1990 from the former GDR to the Soviet Union. (5) EUR 12. (6) EUR 12 without former GDR. MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS T1339 4.20.6.1 Intervention measures for butter and skimmed-milk powder (1994) Private Public storase - Release from storage storage Quantity Taken into storase On the For For subject to Total EU export food aid storage market (a) (s) (3) contracts 2 .J 4 5 6 7 A - Butter (t) EUR 15 20795 11 I 356 l0 606 0 l2r 962 165622 Belgique/Belgiö 0 2024 0 0 2024 24 934 Danmark 0 268 0 0 268 4 353 BR Deutschland 0 r7 691 2322 0 20013 27777 Elläda 0 0000 0 Espafla 4 821 22036 3 000 0 2s 036 0 France 0 2734 0 0 2734 40 939 Ireland 12307 39986 2184 0 42170 18002 Italia 2 390 6040 0 0 6040 454 Luxembourg 0 0000 232 Nederland 0 t4 120 3 100 0 l7 220 42711 Österreich 0 0000 0 Portugal 0 1332 0 0 1332 0 SuomilFinland 0 0000 0 Sverige 0 0000 0 United Kingdom 1 277 5122 0 0 5122 6 220 EUR 12 20 795 111356 10606 0 l2r 962 165622 B - Skimmed-milk powder (2) EUR 15 59 178 23643 0 0 23643 0 Belgique/Belgiö 3 283 3287 0 0 3287 0 Danmark 0 0000 0 BR Deutschland 150 5981 0 0 5981 0 E1läda 0 0000 0 Espafla 0 294 0 0 294 0 France 0 370037 0 Ireland 50 665 t3 654 0 0 13654 0 Italia 0 0000 0 Luxembourg 0 0000 0 Nederland 0 0000 0 Österreich 0 0000 0 Portugal 0 0000 0 Suomi/Finland 0 0000 0 Sverige 0 0000 0 United Kingdom 5 080 480 0 0 480 0 EUR 12 59 t18 23 643 0 0 23 643 0 Source .' European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (r) In accordance with Regulation (EEC) No 804/68, Article 6. (2) In accordance with Regulation (EEC) No 804/68, Article 7. (3) Including quantities removed under Regulation (EEC) No 2315/76 (Regulation (EEC) No 2200/87). (a) Including quantities refused. (5) Including emergency aid delivered to East European countries. TI34O MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS 4.20.6.2 Application of the quota system (1 000t) t994/95 1995/96 Overall Deliveries Adjustment Difference Overall guaranteed Transfer (p) of oil and after the guaranteed quantity (') (2) fat (3) adjustment quantity (r) A I 2 J 5 6=3+4-2-5 7 EUR I5 rr4 909302 rr4 909302 Belgique/Belgiö 3 077312 3 0r8730 165564 98 667 8 255 3 077372 Danmark 4 454450 4 429577 40 790 9 15908 4 454450 BR Deutschland 27764 778 26 203 002 097 552 6 330 - 470554 27764 778 Elläda 625985 633327 6 650 0 13992 62598s Espafla 5 222445 5 348748 22 821 201 487 - 52 363 5 222445 France 23 693932 23 259856 433845 81 874 - 82105 23 693932 Ireland 5 234465 5 252287 4 jtl 1315r 5 234 465 Italia 9 632540 9 540073 0 : -92 461 9 632540 Luxembourg 268098 2s6 690 TI971 - 320 883 268098 Nederland r0 982346 10657441 37465r 0 49746 r0 982346 Österreich 2 205 000 : 2 205 000 Portugal I 835461 | 517 465 t3 651 : - 304339 1 835461 SuomilFinland 2 342000 2 342000 Sverige 3 300000 3 300000 United Kingdom t4 270430 t4 t85277 262378 39 943 r37 282 142t0 430 EUR 12 r07062302 104302473 2429879 432061 -1620rr r07 062302 Source.' European Commission, Direcotrate-General for Agriculture. (1) Article 3 of Regulation (EEC) No 3950/92. (2) Declarations by Member States. (3) Article 2 (2'1 ot Regulation (EEC) No 536/93. (a) Article 4 (2) of Regulation (EEC) No 3950/92. MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS T/341 4.20.6.3 Community butter and skimmed-milk powder stocks (1) on I April A - Butter (2) EUR I5 Belgique/Belgiö 8 072 4 281 3 16r 554 Danmark 6 872 7 048 2 046 | 052 50 BR Deutschland 40 238 41 366 39 044 18544 4 954 Elläda Espafla 32&3 34756 34 613 40 306 7 187 France 24 294 16806 12516 12882 Ireland 94 214 102308 58090 55798 15944 Italia 8 377 10663 7 278 7 508 3 776 Luxembourg Nederland 83077 35 682 26 976 18609 525 Östeneich : : Portugal 848 r 994 1 332 Suomi/Finland : : : Sverige : : : : United Kingdom 25 729 20015 t0 251 5 r70 | 277 EUR 12 3235r5 213173 r9s 969 r6t 755 337r3 B - Skimmed-milk powder (2) EUR 15 Belgique/Belgiö t7 031 8 638 487 69r 181 Danmark BR Deutschland 191891 t44 138 8 122 5 987 186 Elläda Espafla t9 731 10356 199 294 a- France 21243 t6 671 37 3t Ireland 94 26r r47 t6l 20738 31632 41 282 Italia Luxembourg | 200 925 Nederland 2 624 2 088 Österreich : : : Portugal t01 SuomilFinland : : : : : Sverige : : United Kingdom 6 810 5 635 480 2 206 2 188 EUR 12 354t9l 3357 19 30 663 40 847 43 837 Scturce : European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. (r) Stocks referred to in Article 6 of Regulation (EEC) No 804/68 (butter, public and private storage; skimmed-milk powder, public storage). (2) Product weight. T1342 MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS -U t I oq $" o{ G O\ tn $ $ F F lca I I ä I .!l s le o) (t) I V- € ci:rtl A r-. cq co A $c\ @ C.i t.-. € cr) ?a- .Fl =t v q) OO\t T v e) rf, A O'.NOO tr- c.l F \n I oo \n ca @ $ \n \n C- @ F .-I co r! o CH qo-\\o.o{\\xxxq ca O$O\O\cl1O*\n\n - E I Tt lTt lll /I CE - v \ON$lnOOO.lrrrC () $ c{\nF_O\OO'' rE.q) c..l - - (-C! F I t l/^i (^.l C..l C.t \n \O t | | r C-'r I t-* C-l\OOOO\O\rrr- G' c.l * -L - cec.{\Ol--O\OO\C.lrrrrO q) (^.l ca | | =l t-- C..l oo Cl') Fr C\ a q)I ij I I \nC1 oocol--t--Ov.irrrf- L q) c.loo(n\no\rrr- Ct)-Fr rI1 F A- qq\xq-iolo^xxxvl -4 -l oo oo$oo\o\nc{@t-r .-l -Cnl \n--O\S F F ?E I trtrttl EE L c\ ooc\-oö]caq)otlloo trc! \n \o\-.i:*-ol .Eä, ca 'l( (nö- -q) VA qi -- cO\OcaOO\\n.i+rrr\O r - ca oo+o.tl'' c!q) ,lt cq ! .---At I Ea ! - ,Y v ocf)oocot--\oorrrc.l oo O\6-.1C.1$\Or,,(\ \n Crl Fr ! E'F q) tr-c I tl o r>l F.-/\, -t q) @O\OOOO\O\Frrrr$ r EE Fit--+\OFrrr'ö.1 o .L F 4.21.4.1 Supply balance - honey Internal use: Usable Intra-EU Human Self- Imports Exports human production trade consumption sufficiency (1 0000 (l 000 t) consumption (l 000t) (l 00ot) (kg/head/year) 7o (1 000 t) I 2 J 4 5 6 7 8 9 EUR 15 99U92 : : 992193 , ; 993194 : : BLEU/UEBL 99r/92 0 2 6 0,6 3,3 992193 I 2 5 0,5 lg,2 4 0,3 26,9 993194 -1 3 Danmark 991/92 J 2 5 1,0 58,8 992/93 2 1 5 1,0 31,0 993/94 2 2 4 0,8 50,2 BR Deutschland 99v92 25 t2 103 1,3 24,3 992/93 25 t2 91 1,1 27,4 993/94 27 15 98 1,2 27,7 E11äda 99r/92 l4 0 t6 7,6 87,5 992193 15 0 t7 1,7 8'7,3 993194 15* I l7 1,6 90,8 Espafla 991192 25 l 24 0,6 r02,5 992/93 24* 8 31 0,8 78,5 993/94 28 9 29 4,7 95,5 France 99U92 36** 5 39 0,7 9r,4 992193 31* 4 34 0,6 91,2 31* 2 37 0,6 84,4 993194 '7,1 0 0 1 0,4 Ireland 99U92 '7,0 992/93 0 0 I 0,4 993194 0* 0 2 0,5 6,2 Italia 99U92 12** 0 25 0,4 49,8 992t93 l0 1 20 0,4 49,4 993194 10 2 l9 0,3 52,2 Nederland 99U92 1 1 9 0,6 8,9 992/93 1 I 7 0,5 11,0 993/94 l8 I 8 0,5 10,7 Österreich 99U92 : 992193 : : : : : 993194 Portugal 991/92 ;. 0 6 0,6 93,3 992/93 4 0 4 0,4 93,2 ,993194 4* 0 4 0,4 101,4 Suomi/Finland t99U92 : t992193 : : : t993194 : Sverige t99r/92 : : : t992193 : t993194 : : : : : United Kingdom t99r/92 5* I I 2T 0,4 23,7 t992193 5 2 I 27 0,5 18,8 t993t94 5 3 I 18 0,3 27,8 EUR I2 t99r/92 r27 135 9 24 252 0,7 50,3 t992193 118 r34 10 2l 241 0,7 48,9 t993194 r24 r25 l1 25 239 0.7 51,9 T1344 wooD L-Cv Ooo$c,.,(nooc{O\ [email protected] rn r€C{c.) eaL)?- 'i c\t =3 9 E (\.l 3N3SRRe5 - C-l \n -*F9V .rL-^^ o.l \O I c-l co t*- tl C\ Ä5-EX - a o"- lttl I v i ^X'J - ä X F^ NC{O$C--+\öC\|rO\ \n -8'F X ä-' l---üooo:f,f-rc.) tr- >d-- OO\ooOln(öF-\n $ co !F9.-A . t--C.lf-C\O--\n- oo -HE ö UO c.)öl$- t Xv bs 9e L CX- a{ O .f, \n C\l O.l t-- cq | - (\.1 O O, \o | 'E'=E= eA O f- S F- \n c- O\ \n O\ oo O' O O ca E Ct^) O cA OO \O cA Fr -i \o t h: x^ cO C-l f- ca $ O $ J X;:X c.l \r) N .ü C{ t-- s|- Fi oo,-r Fi - rf, r-r \O \n x= Ex $ .t-$*-Cn\n =f, ÄE E= ö1 EE 9.o w \O -t \n C! 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F I o-l q) tr -l a I L € a - U c! (.) t- L C) \., a q) Oc) +) -ca A- k X boo q) P c.t (nBF esgpF -,J 9-9E-h.sl !j.hq a :Egsä H trcs'ii YCü()a tts . - i<^rr H rr't cl .A'F! C€Cr3FF (.)VP d P .e€ :Li C\ PP oooo)< Y rr'1 q E3 ; -AL $ -^ F(n Ä>ÄÄü v) T1346 wooD 4.22.3.2EU external and intra-EU trade in timber and timber products by Member State (194) UEBL/ BR EUR l5 Danmark Elläda Espafla BLEU Deutschland '7 2 J 4 5 6 Imports 763,5 lntra: Timber in the rough (round, or as particles) 2 949,2 334,9 714,3 6,2 1,6 304,0 Sawn timber 4 645,6 33,6 207,2 Panels and sheets 2 894,5 156,9 635,3 86,6 320,6 Wooden articles | 789,7 13,5 211,2 5,3 58,6 769,1 Paper stock/pulpwood 237,4 158,6 | 092,7 14,0 r 209,8 Paper and board | 733,8 310,4 2706,7 197,4 0,5 109,7 Cork and cork articles )\-rJ 1,6 24,6 439,7 Extra: Timber in the rough (round, or as particles) 96,6 226,5 966,0 279,5 652,0 Sawn timber 728,4 1223,7 3 707,6 306,9 Panels and sheets 292,0 236,3 1513,1 69,7 35,2 19,9 Wooden articles 94,8 77,1 1 338,3 20,6 466,6 Paper stock/pulpwood 465,1 78,8 3 917,9 93,4 | 220,6 Paper and board | 207,6 978,1 5 628,7 312,0 0,2 Cork and cork articles 0,1 0,1 1,5 0,1 Exports 7,7 252,7 Intra: Timber in the rough (round, cut or as particles) | 212,2 50,8 | 179,9 27,6 Sawn timber 413,3 77,1 898,1 0,5 241,3 Panels and sheets | 291,4 386,9 852,6 13,4 Wooden articles 192,3 I 198,8 r83,4 1,0 60,9 637,2 Paper stock/pulpwood 680,4 r 527,5 | 460,2 16,0 705,7 Paper and board | 668,4 248,8 5 011,4 14,2 45,9 Cork and cork articles 3,9 0,1 8,0 0,1 10,8 Extra: Timber in the rough (round, cut or as particles) 72,2 263,4 3 826,7 0,4 55,0 Sawn timber 15,6 36,0 343,7 42,4 195,7 Panels and sheets 161,3 59,9 384,',I 39,8 21,6 Wooden articles 22,0 30,9 150,8 r,6 97,2 Paper stock/pulpwood I19,4 228,3 r 036,2 6,4 Paper and board 269,9 157,5 2 42r,5 36,6 322,6 6,7 Cork and cork articles 0,1 0,1 1,1 0,1 Source.' Eurostat and European Commission, Directorate-General for Agriculture. wooD T1347 tt 000t) Suomi/ United France Ireland Italia Nederland Osterreich Portugal Sverige EUR 12 Finland Kingdom 8 9 l0 ll t2 l3 l4 15 l6 1'7 | 413,7 30,6 2156,3 562,7 241,9 208,6 9 380,6 t 964,7 20,6 502,2 467,8 27,6 372,2 2 597,8 5 230,3 45,3 159,1 623,8 79,5 7r9,0 3 637,7 2 069,9 15,3 68,2 161,2 13,7 65,4 998,3 | 410,7 I7,6 | 262,6 1 388,9 26,0 425,7 6 808,4 3 412,6 360,8 | 497,3 | 764,9 298,0 2 223,3 15715,0 213,0 0,2 17,9 7,7 ))) 8,5 1 179,0 933,5 19,6 3 075,9 136,1 620,7 1,46,1 6 929,2 | 044,5 232,6 3 497,7 7 713,2 68,2 4 034,9 17259,7 lgl,g 4I,6 558,1 332,4 3,6 | 025,7 4 299,6 95,9 9,5 r43,5 206,2 5,7 177,8 2189,4 I931,7 15,2 2 582,4 968,1 63,1 | 785,7 12 264,1 2 046,1 199,1 2 250,9 229r,1 130,9 5 280,3 21 535,r l,'7 0,1 6,8 0,1 7,4 r,2 1g,g 7)) 2 239,9 2 169,6 4,0 603,5 521,2 Jzrz 6 320,9 658,5 r 367,0 25,1 246,2 370,6 38,8 2 892,4 829,2 | 242,8 203,9 174,9 434,8 r19,2 4 329,5 r71,8 I,g 86,1 319,6 69,3 47,9 | 252,2 1 036,6 349,3 J,I 1039,1 871,3 435,6 6 37r,3 3 415,7 671,0 | 552,1 2 366,8 533,6 2 4TT,8 17995,6 )? 0,1 1,8 2,6 71,9 3,0 r25,9 322,3 46,4 6,0 20,6 7,3 14,7 4 592,9 147,2 1,0 56,4 14,9 50,7 -,-5) 769,3 122,6 9,8 249,3 10,3 63,4 28,4 | 325,2 49,0 0,7 49,2 18,9 3,1 2r,2 369,2 113,6 2,8 70,7 4t1,5 171,9 62,6 2 320,r 906,6 1,5 541,1 494,7 49,7 559,9 5 760,3 0,5 0,0 1,3 2,0 47,6 7,8 58,3 EuropeanCommission The Agricultural Situation in the European Union - lgg5 Report Luxembourg: Officefor OfficialPublications of the EuropeanCommunities - 1996 507 pp., 22 figs, one map - 16.2x22.gcm fsBN 92-827-5545-2 Price (excludingVAT) in Luxembourg: ECU 40 This report is th-e21st puhlishedversion of the. annual report on the agricultural situation in the EuropeahUnion. lt containsanatvieJ äno äätistiCs on thä qeneral srtuatton(economic environment and world market),the factors of productiön,the structuresand situationof the marketsin the variousagricultural producis, the obstäcies to the.commonagricultural market, the positionof co"nsumersa'no prooüöe;r, ä;ätÄ; rlnanclalaspects. The generalprospects and the marketoutlook for a!riculturalproducts are also dealtwith.